Poxa `umnda ya ha
dosoa, oelmrmza
`umnda ya ha do`gda
Vhmn do Odu`m`gðn y Argontm`gðn Poxumh 

 Poxumhgdmd Buemnm

MPOPA\M: CGNM @O@GHGM YOHOZEA\A LO\NMH

Gntocrmntos:

Paha rzmna Mvmhas, Mrm`ohy.

Paha
@mlrorm Hoan, Pboghm Emvoh.
Vmz Lurcm, Argmnm Mhg`o.
Bumem n \ajms, Hugs Vmlha.
Bumem
Cuzem n Lustmemnto, Jaso
Cuzem Jaso Egcuoh.
Lo`orrm Torranos, Jorsan.
Canzmhoz Ymrcms, Ihmvga.
 

VHMN DO OD_@M@GÐN W A\GONTM@GÐN POR_MH

‘PORA @_MNDA WA HA DOPOA, OELM\MZA @_MNDA WA HA DO@GDA―

G. DMT
DMTAP GNI NIAA\E\EMT
MTGY
GYAAP:
=.=. Dgrgcgda m: Mdahos`ontos.
Mdahos`ontos.
=.<. N¶ do pmrtg`gpmntos:
pmrtg`gpmntos: =?6 pmrtg`gpmntos.
pmrtg`gpmntos.
=.0. Núeora do sosganos: 6? sosganos
=.4. Io`bms do
do ojo`u`gðn:
ojo`u`gðn:
=.?. Vhmtmiarem: Zaae.
=.9. Mutaros:
Mutaros:
 PAHÐ\ZMNA MYMHAP M\M@OHW.

@ML\O\M HOAN PBOGHM EMYOH.
 VMZ L_\CM A\GMNM MHG@O.
 B_MEÆN \AJMP H_GP VMLHA.
 C_ZEMN L_PTMEMNTO JAPO EGC_OH.
 LO@O\\M TO\\ANOP JO\PAN.
 CANZMHOZ YM\CMP IHMYGA.

=.3. Da`onto: CGNM @O@GHGM YOHOZEA\A

YOHOZEA\A LO\NMH.
 

GG.
GG. \OMH
\OMHGD
GDMD
MD V\
V\AL
ALHO
HOEÍ
EÍTG
TG@M
@M::

Tadas has soros buemnas tgonon doro`ba m vgvgr su soxumhgdmd do hm emnorm hglro y
 phm`ontorm, eís mbarm quo oxporgeontmn sus prgeorms sonsm`gano
sonsm`ganoss soxumhos dosdo odmdos
euy toeprmnms, os par ohhas quo so ho `ansgdorm, ro`glgr hm gniarem`gðn y hm odu`m`gðn
no`osmrgms, pmrm taemr do`gsganos rospansmlhos y sontgrso socuras, ovgtmnda rgoscas `aea oh
oelmrmza na dosomda.
Has jðvonos soxumheonto m`tgvas no`osgtmn tonor m``osa m eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas socuras
y oig`m`os; eu`bas na usmn mntg`an`optgvas `aea tmelgçn usmn un eçtada do iarem
grrocuhmr, ha quo sgcngig`m quo so on`uontrmn on rgosca do onirontmr un oelmrmza na
soxumh.
dosomda, un mlarta on `andg`ganos pa`a socurms, y onioreodmdos do trmnsegsgðn soxumh.
Oh oelmrmza on hm mdahos`on`gm puodo tonor oio`tas m hmrca phmza; eu`bms vo`os hms
 jðvonos so von alhgcmdms
alhgcmdms m gntorruepgr sus ostudgas, hgegtmnda do ostm emn
emnorm
orm su dosmrrahha

 porsanmh y sa`gmh y, on oh iutura, su pracrosa o`anðeg`a. Tmelgçn, oh oelmrmza

mdahos`onto `antrgluyo m emyaros ngvohos do eartmhgdmd y earlghgdmd emtornm ym quo ostí
msa`gmda m pasglghgdmdos do `aephg`m`ganos durmnto oh oelmrmza y oh pmrta (AVP, <664, p.
2).
Atras rgoscas do smhud doh oelmrmza mdahos`onto gn`huyon mnoegm, emhnutrg`gðn, rotmrda
doh `ro`gegonta iotmh, nm`gegonta proemtura y `aephg`m`ganos doh pmrta; mdoeís, has bgjas
do emdros mdahos`ontos suohon ostmr eís oxpuostas m onioreodmdos, trmuemtgseas y mlusa,
ospo`gmheonto
ospo`gmheonto on has crupas do eonar ngvoh sa`gao`anðeg`a (AVP, <664, p.7).

Dolgda m osta, oh sgcugonto phmn do odu`m`gðn y argontm`gðn soxumh `ontrm su mton`gðn on

`an`gontgzmr m has ostudgmntos y on ospo`gmh m osto crupa ospo`åig`a m trmvçs do un pracrmem
 pmrm onimtgzmr oh `ugdmda do hm smhud soxumh, mdoeís do dotoregnmr oh crmda do
`ana`gegonta quo pasoon has ostudgmntos do 4ª y ?ª do so`undmrgm do m. G.O N¶ 266=6
\G@M\A VMHEM, Trujghha salro has eçtadas dgvorsas eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas y hms
odg`ganos quo puodmn taemr on oh gng`ga do unm vgdm soxumh m`tgvm.
 

GGG.
GGG. AL
ALJO
JOTG
TGYA
YAP
PDDOH
OH V\
V\AC
AC\M
\MEM
EM::

0.=. Aljotgva Conormh

@an`gontgzmr m has ostudgmntos rospo`ta m hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh y mh usa mdo`umda do

eçtadas mntg`an`optgv
mntg`an`optgvas.
as.

0.<. Aljotgvas Ospo`åig`as

 Lrgndmr gniarem`gðn m`or`m do hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh, mså `aea oh usa do has
eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas.
mntg`an`optgvas.
 Lrgndmr gniarem`gðn m`or`m do has egtas y vordmdos do hm gng`gmhgzm`gðn soxumh
y oh usa do has eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas.
 Dosmrrahhmr unm m`tgtud do nmturmhgdmd mnto hm soxumhgdmd, ontondgçndahm `aea
unm iarem do `aeung`m`gðn buemnm y iuonto do smhud, phm`or, mio`tgvgdmd y/a
do ropradu``gðn.
  Lrgndmr gniarem`gðn m`or`m do has lonoig`gas y do has rgoscas do has eçtadas
mntg`an`optgvas.
  Iaeontmr unm m`tgtud rospansmlho rospo`ta m hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh y oh pralmlho
usa do eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas.

GY. EM\@A TOÐ\G@A

Dosdo `umhqugor punta do vgstm. Hm mdahos`on`gm os un porgada a `g`ha do `ro`gegonta,

dando oh sor buemna so vm dosmrrahhmnda unm voz toregnmdm hm ngýoz, osto `melga suoho
 pradu`grso ontro has =6 mýas on hms eujoros y =< on has baelros. Has `melgas `an
emyar natargodmd suohon sor igsgahðcg`as y mh egsea tgoepa on hm pmrto `acngtgvm,
sa`ga`uhturmh y psg`ahðcg`m
psg`ahðcg`m..

Po
Pocú
cúnn _N
_NG@
G@OI
OI (<66
(<66<)
<) os
ostm
tmlh
lho`
o`oo quo:
quo: ‘Dur
‘Durmn
mnto
to hm md
mdah
ahos
os`o
`on`
n`gm
gm,, has
has jð
jðvo
vono
noss
ostmlho`on su gndopondon`gm oea`ganmh y psg`ahðcg`m, mprondon m ontondor y vgvgr su
soxumhgdmd y m `ansgdormr su pmpoh on hm sa`godmd doh iutura. Oh pra`osa os crmdumh,

oea`
oea`ga
ganm
nmhh y, m vo`o
vo`os,
s, po
port
rtur
urlm
lmda
dar.
r. _n ja
javo
vonn pu
puod
odoo so
sont
ntgrs
grsoo do
dosg
sghu
husg
sgan
anmd
mda,
a,
 

do`op`
do`op`gan
ganmd
mdaa y bo
borgd
rgdaa on un dot
dotore
oregnm
gnmda
da eae
eaeont
ontaa y, pa`a
pa`a dospuç
dospuçs,
s, ouiðrg
ouiðrg`a
`a,,
aptgegstm y onmearmda.
onmearmda.――

Mh egsea tgoepa, eon`ganmeas quo hm AEP (<6=4), doigno hm mdahos`on`gm `aea:

‘un `g`ha on quo oh gndgvgdua vm dosmrrahhmnd
dosmrrahhmndaa hms `mrm`toråstg`ms soxumhos prapgms do hm

emduroz soxumh; os unm otmpm dando has `melgas pulormhos mpmro`on, ostas so dmn on
hms eujoros m hm odmd do =6 mýas y on has baelros m has =<. Mquå so prosontmn `melgas
 lgahðcg`as, psg`ahðcg`as
psg`ahðcg`as y sa`gm
sa`gmhos;
hos; msgegsea `ae
`aeaa mdoeís `m
`melgas
elgas bareanmhos.―
bareanmhos.―

Oh crmn dosmrrahha prosontmda, gephg`mda `melgas on im`taros sa`gmhos, psg`ahðcg`as,

soxumh
soxumhos,
os, barean
bareanmho
mhos,
s, quo tgonon
tgonon `a
`aea
ea `a
`anso
nso`u
`uon`
on`gm
gm oh prgn`g
prgn`gpga
pga do dgvors
dgvorsas
as
`anihg`tas, mså `aea dudms pmrm oh mdahos`onto, sgoepro y `umnda hms `andg`ganos san
imvarmlhos, so prosontm un luon ostmda do smhud, ym quo oh `ontra imeghgmr os oh nú`hoa
 prgn`gpmh pmrm su `ro`gegonta.
`ro`gegonta.

Bgdmhca, Canzíhoz (<6=3) ‘On hm mdahos`on`gm, hm emyaråm do hms iun`ganos tmnta

iåsg`ms `aea psg`ahðcg`ms ostín on phongtud: iuorzm, roihojas, rmpgdoz, eoeargm, ot`. Os
`umnda dgsirutmeas eís do nuostra `uorpa y sus eavgegontas, `umnda hm `aegdm smlo
eojar, has aharos san eís praiundas, hm eúsg`m os eís langtm y oh mear eís romh. Os
durmnto hm mdahos`on`gm `umnda hms gdoms nuovms, oh mrto y hms `roon`gms tgonon un
emyar gepm`ta on nuostrm gemcgnm`gðn.―.

Mdg`ganmheonto \glora y Canzíhoz (<6=3) migremn on su mrtå`uha quo ‘Munquo oh

`ro`gegonta y emdurm`gðn som un `antgnuue, hm mdahos`on`gm hm padoeas dgvgdgr on
tros otmpms: toeprmnm (==-=0 mýas), eodgm (=4-=3 mýas) y tmrdåm (=3-<= mýas), durmnto
hms `umhos oh sor buemna mh`mnzm hm emdurm`gðn iåsg`m, oh ponsmegonta mlstrm`ta y
ostmlho`o su prapgm gdontgdmd. Munquo osto poråada puodo sor tareontasa, hm emyaråm
do has mdahos`ontos y sus pmdros ha supormn sgn ox`osgvms ostrgdon`gms
ostrgdon`gms.―
.―

Mbarm sg ostmlho`oeas oh toem do hm mdahos`on`gm,

mdahos`on`gm, padoeas bmlhmr do 0 otmpms:

Mdahos`on`gm toeprmnm: Durmnto ostm otmpm, has ngýas suohon `aeonzmr m `ro`or eís
rípgda. Tmelgçn oepgozmn m natmr atras `melgas `arparmhos, ontro has quo so gn`huyon
oh `ro`gegonta do vohha on hms mxghms y on hm zanm congtmh, oh dosmrrahha do has sonas on
hms eujoros y oh mueonta doh tmemýa do has tostå`uhas on has vmranos. Var ha conormh
oepgozm una a das mýas mntos on hms ngýms quo, on has vmranos, y puodo sor naremh quo
 

mhcunas `melgas `aegon`on

`aegon`on tmn pranta `aea m has 2 mýas pmrm hms ngýms y m has 7 mýas
 pmrm has vmranos. Eu`bms ngýms tgonon su prgeorm eonstrum`gðn mhrododar do has =<
mýas, on praeodga do < m 0 mýas dospuçs doh `aegonza doh dosmrrahha do has sonas.

Mdahos`on`gm eodgm: Has `melgas iåsg`as quo `aeonzmran on hm pulortmd `antgnúmn

durmnto hm mdahos`on`gm
mdahos`on`gm eodgm. Hm emyaråm do has vm
vmranos
ranos `aegonzmn
`aegonzmn su "`ro`gegonta
ropontgna" y `antgnúmn has `melgas rohm`ganmdas `an hm pulortmd. Os pasglho, par 
ojoepha, quo so hos qugolro
qugolro hm vaz m eodgdm quo so hos vm mcrmvmnda.
mcrmvmnda. M mhcunas ho smho
m`nç. Os pralmlho quo has `melgas iåsg`as ostçn `msg `aephotas on hms eujoros y hm
emyaråm do hms ngýms ym toncm eonstrum`ganos
eonstrum`ganos rocuhmros.

Mdah
Mdahos
os`o
`on`
n`gm
gm tm
tmrd
rdåm
åm:: Ha
Hass  jðvonos on hm mdahos`on`
mdahos`on`gm
gm tmrdåm par ha conormh ym
`aephotmran oh dosmrrahha iåsg`a y mh`mnzmran hm mhturm doigngtgvm quo tondrín `aea
mduhtas. Vmro ostm odmd suohon tonor eís `antrah do sus gepuhsas y puodon saposmr has
rgoscas y ro`aeponsms eojar y `an eís pro`gsgðn.

 Hm smhud soxumh y ropradu`tgvm os oson`gmh pmrm hms porsanms, hms pmrojms y hms imeghgms,
tmelgçn pmrm oh pracrosa conormh y ignmn`gora do hms `aeungdmdos y nm`ganos.

Hm smhud ropradu`tgvm gephg`m quo hms porsanms puodmn roca`gjmrso do unm vgdm soxumh
smtgsim`targm, socurm y `ansgonto, msgegsea hm im`uhtmd do hm pmrojm pmrm ropradu`grso on
oh eaeonta quo ohhas so sgontmn socuras. On ostm no`osgdmd so gn`huyo oh doro`ba doh
vmrðn y hm eujor quo so ho lrgndo hm gniarem`gðn y tonor m`or`megonta m has eçtadas do
rocuhm`gðn do hm io`undgdmd, dando ho poregtmn m hm eujor `an`olgr un oelmrmza y un
mhuelrmegonta socura y m hm pmrojm hm apartungdmd do tonor ngýas smnas.

Has baelros y eujoros tgonon oh doro`ba do ro`glgr hm gniarem`gðn y mh m``osa m

eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas oio`tgvas, socuras y do ií`gh m``osa. Ostas doro`bas do smhud
dolon sor oig`m`os, pmrm hm mton`gðn doh oelmrmza, oh mhuelrmegonta puorporga y doh
ro`gçn nm`gda, oh doro`ba m sorvg`gas do prato``gðn o gnstru``gðn pmrm hm provon`gðn y
`ugdmda do gnio``ganos do trmnsegsgðn soxumh, gn`huyonda YGB/sgdm y hm provon`gðn
doh `ín`or doh sgstoem ropradu`tgva, do dgs`mpm`gd
dgs`mpm`gdmdos
mdos conormhos on oh `hgemtorga y doh
mlusa soxumh.

Hm smhud ropradu`tgvm y soxumh tgono ? mspo`tas gepartmntos quo `ansgdormr: Lrgndmr 

 luonm mton`gðn pronmtmh, porgnmtmh, paspmrta y noanmtmh. Lrgndmr sorvg`gas do
 

 phmngig`m`gðn imeghgmr do mhtm `mhgdmd, gn`huyonda sorvg`gas do mton`gðn m porsanms `an

 pralhoems do gniortghgdmd. Vrabglgr has mlartas pohgcrasas. Lmtmhhmr `antrm hms
onioreodmdos do trmnsegsgðn soxumh, on pmrtg`uhmr oh YGB, hms gnio``ganos doh mpmrmta
ropradu`tar, oh `ín`or `orvg`autorgna y atrms mio``ganos cgno`ahðcg`ms iaeontmr hm
smhud soxumh.

@umnda so dos`ugdm y so mlmndanm hm smhud soxumh, hm os`msm dgspasg`gðn

dgspasg`gðn do has ngýas y
mdahos`ontos pmrm oh dos`ulrgegonta `an oh atra soxa y `an hm prapgm soxumhgdmd,
sahgdgig`m on dgvorsas pralhoems, trmstarnas y `anihg`tas, quo trms`gondon oh júlgha do
ha porsanmh, y so pruolm do unm iarem u atrm m ngvoh sa`gmh.

Oh Egngstorga do Pmhud (EGNPM) doigno quo: ‘has eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas ovgtmn quo
hm eujor smhcm oelmrmzmdm y os hm myudm pmrm unm luonm phmngig`m`gðn; gn`huyo quo has
eçta
eçtada
dass mntg
mntg`a
`an`
n`op
optg
tgva
vass os unm
unm do
do`g
`gsg
sgðn
ðn po
pors
rsan
anmh
mh pm
pmrm
rm qu
quoo hm eujo
eujorr na sm
smhc
hcmm
oelmrmzmdm. Hm pmrojm os hm quo do`gdo `umntas bgjas tonor mh dojmrhas do usmr; hm
emyaråm do eçtadas san rovorsglhos smhva quo som qugrúrcg`a―; `ansgdorm quo has
eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas tgonon bareanms quo na pradu`on ngncún dmýa, puodon sor 
rovorsglhos y toeparmhos. Vuodon utghgzmrso dosdo hm prgeorm rohm`gðn soxumh y durmnto
tadm hm vgdm içrtgh do hm porsanm.

Pocún hm AEP, ‘has eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas dgsegnuyon hm eartmhgdmd emtornm y

imvaro`o hm smhud do hms mdahos`ontos ym quo ovgtmn has oelmrmzas na dosomdas y has do
mhta rgosca, rodu`gonda mså has mlartas on `andg`ganos do mhta rgosca. Oh usa iro`uonto
do `andðn os pmrm provongr hms GTP y YGB―

Tgpas do eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas

 M) Eçtadas nmturmhos

nmturmhos

Eçtada
Eçtada doh rgtea,
rgtea, Acgna-Kn
Acgna-Knmus
mus,, do hm roc
rochm
hm a doh `mho
`mhondm
ndmrga
rga:: @ansgsto on na
romhgzmr oh `agta durmnto has dåms içrtghos. Po `ansgdormn içrtghos oh dåm do hm avuhm`gðn,
quo `arrospando `an hm egtmd doh `g`ha, `gn`a dåms mntos y tros dospuçs. Na os igmlho ym
quo os dgiå`gh `ana`or `an oxm`tgtud oh dåm do hm avuhm`gðn on `mdm `g`ha, salro tada sg
çstas san grrocuhmros.

Iarem do usa: Hm eujor dolo do rocgstrmr hm durm`gðn do sus `g`has eonstrumhos do par 
ha eonas sogs eosos, gdomheonto =< eosos. Oh `g`ha so gng`gm oh prgeor dåm doh smncrmda
 

eonstrumh y toregnm oh dåm mntorgar do hm sgcugonto eonstrum`gðn. Vmrm eujoros `an

`g`has ontro <3 y 06 dåms. Onsoýmr m hm pm`gonto quo dolo na tonor rohm`ganos soxumhos
ontro oh 7na y =7va dåm doh `g`ha eonstrumh.

Eçtada Lghhgncs, do hm avuhm`gðn a doh ea`a `orvg`mh: @ansgsto on ostmlho`or has dåms

içrtghos eodgmnto oh mníhgsgs do has `melgas quo so pradu`on on hm eu`asgdmd `orvg`mh,

oh `umh ostí on hm `orvgz doh útora, so vuohvo `rgstmhgna y trmnspmronto soeojmnto m unm
mhluegnm do buova on oh eaeonta do has dåms do avuhm`gðn, tgoepa on oh quo na so
dolon tonor rohm`ganos soxumhos `agtmhos.

Iarem do usa: Iarem do `aepralmr oh porgada pradu`tgva do m`uorda mh eçtada do hm

eu`asgdmd `orvg`mh. Hm eujor dolo prostmr mton`gðn rocuhmreonto oh mspo`ta do hm
eu`asg
eu`asgdmd
dmd on sus con
congtm
gtmhos
hos oxtorn
oxtornas,
as, sgo
sgonda
nda ha eís
eís sgcngi
sgcngig`m
g`mtgva
tgva,, oh por`gl
por`glgr
gr hm
sonsm`gðn do bueodmd hulrg`m`gðn on dg`bm pmrto `umnda dosmrrahhm sus m`tgvgdmdos
`atgdgmnms.

Oh porgada içrtgh `aegonzm `umnda so ro`ana`o hm eu`asgdmd `orvg`mh. Gn`husa dåms

 pastorgaros m hm dosmpmrg`gðn do hm sonsm`gðn do hm hulrg`m`gðn a oh mvgsa do hm
eu`asgdmd. Pg bmy dudms, pmrm doigngr hm eu`asgdmd do dos`onsas a rostas do osporem,
 puodo dojmr `mor hm so`ro`gðn dontra do un vmsa do mcum iråm, sg hm so`ro`gðn so
dgsuohvo, ostm na orm ea`a `orvg`mh.

Eçtada
Eçtada To
Toepo
epormt
rmturm
urm lmsmh
lmsmh:: Os un pra`odgegonta nmturmh on quo so pruolm oh
`ro`gegonta do toepormturm egontrms so dm hm avuhm`gðn, par ha tmnta, na so dolo tonor 
rohm`ganos egontrms hm toepormturm na mueonto y so on`uontro on su lmsmh, osta a`urro
 par `anso`uon`gm
`anso`uon`gm do hm pracostoranm, hm toepormturm so dolo taemr par hm pmrto ro`tmh
on hms em
emýmn
ýmnms
ms,, osto
osto pra
pra`od
`odgeg
gegont
ontaa na sor
soríí so
socur
curaa on por
porsan
sanms
ms quo proso
prosonto
ntonn
`mhonturm, ostrçs a meonarrom.

@agta gntorruepgda
gntorruepgda:: Os un eçtada nmturmh oh `umh na os ostro`bmeonto ostmlho, os
conorasmeonto
conorasmeonto usmda par hms pmrojms quo gntontmn `ugdmrso pmrm ohudgr un oelmrmza, os
rotgrmr oh pono mntos do hm oym`uhm`gðn, osta dgig`uhtmd unm rohm`gðn soxumh naremh y na
 provgono `antrms
`antrms hms GTP y PGDM.

 Eçtada do hm hm`tmn`gm emtornm y meonarrom (EOHM): Os oh úng`a eçtada, on oh

`umh hm eujor emntgono su gniortghgdmd durmnto oh porgada do hm`tmn`gm.
 

Eo`mng
Eo`mngsea
sea do m``
m``gðn
gðn: Oh oio`ta
oio`ta `a
`antr
ntrm`
m`opt
optgva
gva doh memem
mememntm
ntmego
egonta
nta nm
nmtur
turmh
mh so
iundmeontm on oh mhojmegonta do hm avuhm`gðn par has `melgas bareanmhos prava`mdas
 par hm hglm`gðn doh pozðn, quo ostgeuhm hm ohmlarm`gðn do prahm`tgnm y axgta`gnm. Ostms
das bareanms prava`mn hm ohmlarm`gðn y smhgdm do hm ho`bo emtornm y hm gnbglg`gðn do
hm avuhm`gðn mh lmjmr has ngvohos do hm bareanm rocuhmdarm do canmdatraignm (Cn\B).
M `anso`uon`gm do hm hm`tmn`gm emtornm ox`husgvm.

@mrm`toråstg`ms: Hm usumrgm do osto eçtada dolo `uephgr no`osmrgmeonto ostms 0

`andg`ganos: Mememntmegonta ox`husgvm (m hglro doemndm, a som un praeodga do
mememntmr =6 m =< vo`os durmnto oh dåm y hm na`bo, `an un gntorvmha na suporgar do 4
barms durmnto oh dåm y do 9 barms durmnto hm na`bo). ]uo hm usumrgm so emntoncm on
meonarrom, y quo so on`uontro dontra do has 9 eosos pastpmrta

Ií`gh do utghgzmr, euy víhgda sg so `uepho `an has `rgtorgas lísg`as; na gntorigoro `an oh
`agt
`agta;
a; na roqu
roqugo
goro
ro su
supo
porv
rvgs
gsgð
gðnn pa
parr po
pors
rsan
anmh
mh do sm
smhu
hud;
d; na ro
roqu
qugo
goro
ro gn
gnsu
suea
eass
`antrm`optgvas; na tgono oio`tas so`undmrgas; rodu`o hm smncråm pastpmrta; os hm eojar 
iuonto do nutrg`gðn pmrm çh lolo on has prgeoras eosos; dgsegnuyo oh pohgcra doh ngýa a
ngým m eg`raarcmngseas pmtðconas prosontos on oh mcum a on utonsghgas.

Hm emdro YGB (+) puodo gnio`tmr mh noanmta m trmvçs do hm hm`tmn`gm y na provgono OTP
(Onioreodmdos do Trmnsegsgðn Poxumh).

  Eçtadas do lmrrorm:  Pan tadas mquohhas quo gepgdon oh gncrosa doh soeon m hm
emtrgz, ovgtmnda hm mhgmnzm doh ðvuha y oh osporemtazaa. Poråmn has gdomhos pmrm has
mdahos`ontos,
mdahos`ontos, san m``osglhos
m``osglhos,, lmrmtas, socuras.

Oh prosorvmtgva ems`uhgna a `andðn: Os unm `ulgortm do caem do hítox a pahgurotmna

quo so `aha`m salro oh pono on rgcgdoz `ulrgçndaha `aephotmeonto, do eada quo
gepgdo quo has osporemtazagdos `antongdas on oh osporem pmson m hm vmcgnm. Os un
 pra`odgegonta son`ghha,
son`ghha, oig`mz y suirgontoeonto
suirgontoeonto socura sg
sg so usm do ia
iarem
rem `arro`tm.
 

Y. DGP
DGPOÝA
OÝA DO
DO H
HMP
MP POPG
POPGAN
ANO
OP

Tåtuha do hm sosgðn: @ANA@GONDA N_OPT\A @_O\VA - PMH_D POR_MH,

\OV\AD_@TGYM W EÇTADAP MNTG@AN@OVTGYA
MNTG@AN@OVTGYAP P 
Aljotgva Conormh: @an`gontgzmr m has ostudgmntos rospo`ta m hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh y mh
usa mdo`umda do eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas.


Aljotgva ospo`åig`a do hm sosgðn Lrgndmr gniarem`gðn m`or`m do hm gng`gm`gðn

soxumh, mså `aea oh usa do has eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas.

Posgðn Imsos Dos`rgp`gðn do hm M`tgvgdmd Tgoepa \ospansmlho

Po gng`gm hm sosgðn:  Vrosontm`gðn gng`gmh doh tmhhor y
  =  prosontm`gðn do has im`ghgtmdaros doh tmhhor, mså
egsea so romhgzmrí unm dgníeg`m do prosontm`gðn
Imso  pmrm ontrmr on `anigmnzm `an
`an has ostudgmntos
gng`gmh Dgníeg`m do prosontm`gðn: Hm pohatm procuntanm
Has ostudgmntos so sgontmn on `år`uha y so vmn Pahðrzmna
 pmsmnda hm pohatm bmstm quo oh praiosar bmcm unm Mvmhas
soýmh pmrm dotonor oh ojor`g`ga. Hm porsanm quo so bm <6 Mrm`ohy.
quodmda `an hm pohatm on hm emna so prosontm mh egnutas
crupa y dg`o su naelro, odmd y mig`ganos. Oh juoca Vmz Lurcm
`antgnúm bmstm quo tadas has mhuenas bmymn tongda Argmnm Mhg`o.
hm pohatm on hm emna. On `msa do quo hm pohatm `mgcm
on emnas do un mhuena quo ym so bm prosontmda, oh
rost
rostaa doh
doh crup
crupaa tondr
tondríí doro
doro`b
`baa m bm`o
bm`orho
rho unm
unm
 procuntm.

Mphg`m`gðn do Vro tost. (Mnoxa 6=)

Dgíhaca y prosontm`gðn doh aljotgva prgn`gpmh doh
tmhhor:  Po dmrí m `an
`ana`or
a`or oh alj
aljotgva
otgva do hm so
sosgðn;
sgðn;
so ro`aho`tmrí smloros provgas salro oh toem.

±]uo san eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas1

 

±mhcunm voz alsorvmsto una1

±pmrm quo sorvgrín1
±]uç ontgondon par soxumhgdmd1
±]uç os hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh1
Vros
Vroson
ontm`
tm`gð
gðnn do prge
prgeor
or vgdo
vgdoaa on ro rohm`
hm`gð
gðnn m hm
gng`gm`
gm`gðn soxumh y oh usa do has eçtadas
mntg`a
mntg`an`o
n`optg
ptgvas
vas,, huo
huoca
ca so ho rom
romhgz
hgzmrí
mrí pro
procun
cuntms
tms

roiorontos mh vgdoa.
bttps://www.yautulo.`ae/wmt`b1v5NdOKzhGgttk 

Dgníeg`m: so romhgzmrí `an has `bg`as oh juoca do hm

tohmrmým, hm `umh `ansgsto, iaremdas on un `år`uha, hm
im`ghgtmdarm, tondrí un bgha cruosa, oh `umh mcmrrm hm
 prgeorm pmrto y dgrí mhcún eçtada mntg`an`optgva
quo `anaz`m, huoca hmnzmrm oh rosta m atra gntocrmnto
doh `gr`uha oh `umh tondrí quo do`gr atra eçtada quo
`anaz`m, a quo ontgondo par unm luonm gng`gm`gðn
soxumh.
 Po prosontmrí socunda vgdoa m has ostudgmntos on
rohm`gðn
adass mmnt
eçtada
eçt hmg`an`o
gng`gm`gðn
mntg`an`optg vas,, soxumh
ptgvas huoca ysooh ho
huoca usarom
dohgzmrí
romhgz has
mrí
 procuntms roiorontos mh vgdoa, y sgtum`ganos
sgeghmros quo bmymn pmsmda.
@mlrorm Hoðn
bttps://www.yautulo.`ae/wmt`b1v5gJA0BEngBhw Pboghm Emvoh.
Imso <?
gntoreod Vrosontm`gðn do hms dgmpasgtgvms egnutas Lo`orrm
gm ‘@A
@ANANA@G@GON
ONDA
DA N_OP
N_OPT\
T\A A @_
@_O\
O\VAVA - Torranos
PMH_D
PMH_ D POPOR_
R_MHMH,, \O
\OV\
V\AD
AD_@
_@TG
TGYM
YM W Jorsan.
EÇTADAP MNTG@AN@OVTGYAP "
(dgmpasgtgvms 6=)
  DGNMEG@M:  so romhgzmr unm dgníeg`m hm `umh
`ansgsto on `aha`mr geíconos on hm pgzmrrm doh smhðn,
on un hmdahmda `aha
`aha`m`mrr geíc
geícononos
os do has
has eç eçta
tada
dass
mntg`an`optgvas quo so alsorvð on oh vgdoa y on oh
atra has naelros do ostas eçtadas, on hm `umh. Has
ostudgmntos tondrín quo gr rohm`ganmnda, hm gemcon y
su nanael
elro
ro,, y dmrdmr unmunm poqu
poquoý oýmm doign
doigng`g`gð
gðn,
n, do
m`uorda m ha quo `aeprondgda oh vgdoa. On `msa na
so bmym
bmym `aep
`aepro rond
ndgdgdaa oh usausa do mhcú
mhcúnn eçeçta
tada
da
eastrm
eas trmda,
da, has im` im`ghg
ghgtmd
tmdaro
aross rotram
rotramhge
hgeont
ontmrm
mrmnn mså,
mså,
dospojmr dudms. unm voz dmda osta so romhgzmrí un
dgmh
dgmhac
acaa mlgo
mlgort
rtaa m`or
m`or`m `m doh
doh toem
toem trtrmt
mtmd
mda,a, qu
quoo
`aepmr
`ae pmrtmn
tmn sus apgapgnga
nganos
nos a dgioro
dgioronto
ntoss pun
puntastas do
vgstm m`or`m doh toem dosmrrahhmda y vgdoa eastrmda
mntorgar.
 

  Dgmha
Dgmhaca
ca ignm
ignmh:
h:  so hos pod
podgrgríí m has
has os
ostu
tudg
dgmn
mntos
tos
dgvgdgrso on crupas do 9 gntocrmntos on hm `umh so hos
dojmrí ohmlarmr un oshacmn do =6 egnutas rospo`ta
Imso mh toem
toem dosm
dosmrr
rrah
ahhm
hmda
da y ununmm voz
voz tore
toregn
gnmd
mda,
a, un =6 Cuzeín
ignmh a ropr
ropros
oson
ontm
tmnt
ntoo pa
parr cr
crup
upaa oxpa
oxpand
ndrí
rí hms
hms gdom
gdomss egnutas Lustmemnto
`gorro  phmsemdms. Jasç Egcuoh.

Ovmhumnda hm sosgðn (Mnoxa 6<) Canzíhoz

Dospodgdm: Dgíhaca do dospodgdm y mntos do pmsmr  Ymrcms Ihmvga.
m rotgrmrnas so hos lrgndmrí emtorgmh do mig`bos pmrm
emyar gniarem`gðn. (Mnoxa críig`a 6=)
Tåtuha do hm sosgðn: ¡M EÅ NA EO YM M VMPM\! M_TA@_GDM\PO W @_GDMDA E_T_A

Aljotgva Conormh: @an`gontgzmr m has ostudgmntos rospo`ta m hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh y mh usa mdo`umda
do eçtadas mntg`an`optgva
mntg`an`optgvas.
s.
Aljotgva ospo`åig`a do hm sosgðn: Lrgndmr gniarem`gðn m`or`m do has egtas y vordmdos do hm
gng`gmhgzm`gðn soxumh y oh usa do has eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas.

Posgðn Imsos Dos`rgp`gðn do hm M`tgvgdmd Tgoepa \ospansmlho

 
<
Po gng`gm hm sosgðn: Vrosontm`gðn gng`gmh doh tmhhor 
y prosontm`gðn do has im`ghgtmdaros doh tmhhor.

Dgíhaca y prosontm`gðn doh aljotgva prgn`gpmh

doh tmhhor: Vrocuntmr mlgortms m has pmrtg`gpmntos
 pmrm ostmlho`or `an`optas gng`gmhos.
gng`gmhos.

Mh gng`gmr ostm sosgðn, so oepozmrí `an unms =6 Pahðrzmna

 poquoýms gntorracmntos pmrm `arralarmr sg has egnutas Mvmhas
ostudgmntos tgonon mhcún `ana`gegonta provga Mrm`ohy.
Imso salro hm sosgðn mntorgar y atrms `ansuhtms salro
Canzíhoz
gng`gmh hm sosgðn m`tumh. Ymrcms Ihmvga.
±]uç toem dosmrrahhmeas on hm sosgðn
mntorgar1
±]uç ontgondon par gng`gm`gðn soxumh1
±quç ontgondon par egtas salro hm gng`gm`gðn
soxumh y eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas1
±on hm prgeorm voz na so oelmrmzm1
±`an `andðn na os gcumh1

Dgníeg`m: Jucmroeas oh juoca donaegnmda <

vordmdos unm eontgrm, oh `umh groeas dg`gonda
das vordmdos y unm eontgrm roioronto mh soxa.
Oh `umh
`umh has
has os
ostu
tudg
dgmn
mnto
toss grí
grínn do
dos`
s`gir
girmn
mnda
da y
dos`ulrgonda `umh os hm eontgrm a egta.
 

 Dospuçs do osta so dmrí pmsa m un vgdoa pmrm

gr ontrmnda on oh toem m dosmrrahhmr.
Imso Vrosontm`gðn do vgdoa do gntradu``gðn mh
gntoreod toem:
gm
Egtas y vordmdos salro hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh.
bttps://www.yautulo.`ae/wmt`b1 Vmz Lurcm
v592dz`xY9gu] Argmnm Mhg`o.
<?
Vrosontm`gðn do hms dgmpasgtgvms ‘¡M EÅ NA EO egnutas Cuzeín
YM M VMPM\! M_TA@_GDM\PO W Lustmemnto
@_GDMDA E_T_A " (dgmpasgtgvms sosgðn Jasç Egcuoh.
60).
Dgníeg`m: Has pmrtg`gpmntos so mcrupmn do 9
gntocrmntos egxtas, pmrm quo m `antgnum`gðn
dosm
do smrr
rrah
ahho
honn un po
poqu
quoý
oýaa trml
trmlmj
mja,
a, oh `u `umh
mh
`ansgsto on romhgzmr das irmsos ghustrmdm, una
os do has egtas y vordmdos do hm gng`gmhgzm`gðn
so
soxu
xumh
mh y hm so
socu
cund
ndmm sa
salr
lroo oh us
usaa do hahass
eçta
eç tada
dass mntg
mntg`a
`an`
n`op
optg
tgva
vas,
s, so hohoss dm
dmrí
rí un
tgoepa håegto do =6 egnutas, mh tçregna do
osta, `mdm crupa smhdrí mh ironto m oxpanor su
ojoepha. Has `aepmýoras doh smhðn, padrín
romhgzmr unm ruodm do procuntms m `mdm crupa
dospuçs do hm oxpasg`gðn.
Imso Dgmhaca ignmh:
ignmh a
`gorro  Po hos podgrí m has pmrtg`gpmntos quo iareon un =6
`år`uha y taeon msgonta. Po romhgzm unm `bmrhm egnutas
crupmh roihoxgvm, os`u`bmnda has mpartos do `mdm
 pmrtg`gpmnto dotoregnmnda mså ha mprondgda on oh @mlrorm Hoðn
tmhhor. Vmrm `uhegnmr `an ostm socundm sosgðn, Pboghm Emvoh.
has
has im`g
im`ghg
hgtm
tmda
daro
ross oxph
oxphg`
g`mr
mrmn
mn eí
eíss m iaiand
ndaa
m`or
m`or`m
`m dodohh toem
toem `an `an ununms
ms ox
oxpo
porg
rgon
on`g
`gms
ms Vmz Lurcm
rohmtmdms on vgdoas do 2 a =6 egnutas, pmrm Argmnm Mhg`o.
quoo has
qu has ostu
ostudg
dgmn
mnto
toss al
alto
tonc
ncmn
mn un emya
emyar r 
emnoja m`or`m do osto toem y mså panorha on
 prí`tg`m on su vgdm `atgdgmnm.
Ovmhumnda hm sosgðn (Mnoxa 60)
Dospodgdm:  DgDgíha
íhaca
ca do dosp
dospod
odgd
gdmm y mntos
mntos do
 pmsmr m rotgrmrnas Has im`ghgtmdaros so dospgdon
 

dojmnda unm ig`bm `an dgstgntas eonsmjos doh

toem dosmrrahhmda.
(Mnoxa críig`a 6<)

Tåtuha do hm sosgðn: _NM MYONT_\M M DOP@_L\G\, DGPI\_TM\ W @_GDM\PO - HM

POR_MHGDMD W EÇTADAP MNG@AN@OVTGYAP
Aljotgva Conormh: @an`gontgzmr m has ostudgmntos rospo`ta m hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh y mh usa mdo`umda
do eçtadas mntg`an`optgva
mntg`an`optgvas.
s.
Aljotgva ospo`åig`a do hm sosgðn: Dosmrrahhmr unm m`tgtud do nmturmhgdmd mnto hm soxumhgdmd,
ontondgçndahm `aea unm iarem do `aeung`m`gðn buemnm y iuonto do smhud, phm`or,
mio`tgvgdmd y/a do ropradu``gðn.

Posgðn Imsos Dos`rgp`gðn do hm M`tgvgdmd Tgoepa \ospansmlho

 
0
Po gng`gm hm sosgðn: Vrosontm`gðn gng`gmh doh tmhhor 
y prosontm`gðn do has im`ghgtmdaros doh tmhhor.
Imso
gng`gmh Dgíhaca y prosontm`gðn doh aljotgva prgn`gpmh
doh tmhhor: Vrocuntmr mlgortms m has pmrtg`gpmntos =6 Lo`orrm
 pmrm ostmlho`or `an`optas gng`gmhos
gng`gmhos Torranos
egnutas Jorsan.
±Os luonm hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh toeprmnm1
 ±]uç ontgondos par vgdm soxumh m`tgvm1 Canzíhoz
±sorí emha tonor rohm`ganos soxumhos1 Ymrcms Ihmvga.
±@uíh os hm gepartmn`gm do `ugdmrso (smhud
soxumh)1

Dgníeg`m:  Gng`gm
Gng`gmnn hm m`t
m`tgvg
gvgdmd
dmd ro`
ro`glg
glgond
ondaa unm
tmrjotm dando so sahg`gtm quo os`rglmn unm pmhmlrm
quo so hos vgono m hm eonto `umnda os`u`bmn:

Has tçregnas: Ygdm soxumh toeprmnm, rohm`ganos

soxumh
sox umhos,
os, eçt
eçtada
adass mntg`a
mntg`an`o
n`optg
ptgvas
vas y huo
huoca
ca hm
`ahaquon on hm pmrod. @an hm gniarem`gðn do hms
tmrjotms so `anstruyo `aho`tgvmeonto hm doigng`gðn
do rohm`ganos soxumhos, vgdm soxumh toeprmnm
Vr
Vrooso
son
ntm
tm`g
`gðn
ðn doh vgvgd
doa on rorohm
hm`g
`gðn
ðn m hm
soxumhgdmd: iuon
iuonto
to do smhu
smhud,
d, `aeu
`aeung
ng`m
`m`g
`gðn
ðn y
 phm`or.

bttps://www.yautulo.`ae/wmt`b1 <?
 

v5MuAmwD<qpwO&pljrohamd5=6= egnutas Pahðrzmna

Mvmhas
Imso bttps://www.yautulo.`ae/wmt`b1 Mrm`ohy.
gntoreod v5`Zb]o3piez]
gm Bumeín \ajms
Vrosontm`gðn do hms dgmpasgtgvms ‘_NM Hugs Vmlha.
MYONT_\M M DOP@_L\G\,
DGPI\_TM\ W @_GDM\PO - HM
POR_MHGDMD W EÇTADAP
MNG@AN@OVTGYAP"
@antgnum hm dgníeg`m mntorgar:
_t
_tghg
ghgzm
zmnd
ndaa hms
hms irms
irmsos
os do hm soxu
soxumh
mhgd
gdmd
md y ususaa
mdo`umda do Eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas; so panon
do påo iaremnda unm ighm on eodga doh smhðn pmrm
bm`o
bm`orr hm tç`n
tç`ng`m
g`m:: Ospm
Ospm`g
`gad
adrm
rmem
em.. Mh sont
sontgr
grso
so
gdontg
gdontgig`
ig`mda
mdas(m
s(ms)
s) `an hms irmsos
irmsos quo os`os`u`b
u`bmn
mn
dolon eavorso mh hmda do hm rospuostm ohocgdm. Po
gndg`m quo os un ojor`g`ga gndgvgdumh y hm rospuostm

doloo sor
dol
una(m) por
porsan
sanmh.
`aepmrto mh. Mh ignmh
ignmh ydoh
sontgegontas ojo
ojor`g
r`g`ga
`ga,, `md
ponsmegontas `mdm
quom
hos praduja romhgzmr hm m`tgvgdmd.

Has
Has im`g
im`ghg
hgtm
tmda
daro
ross oe
oepg
pgoz
ozmn
mn m ro
rosp
span
ando
dorr hms
hms
 procuntms do has pmrtg`gpmntos pmrm m`hmrmr 
`umhqugor dudm.

Po bm`o ontrocm do unm ho`turm

h o`turm salro hm soxumhgdmd

(Mnoxa 64).
  Dgmhaca ignmh: Po hos pgdo m has pmrtg`gpmntos quo
iareon un `år`uha y taeon msgonta. Po romhgzm unm
`bmrhm crupmh roihoxgvm, os`u`bmnda has mpartos do
Imso `mdm pmrtg`gpmnto dotoregnmnda mså ha mprondgda =6 @mlrorm Hoðn
ignmh a on hm sosgðn quo iuo roiarzmdm `an hm ho`turm. egnutas Pboghm Emvoh.
`gorro Ovmhumnda hm sosgðn (Mnoxa 6?) Vmz Lurcm
Argmnm Mhg`o.

  Dospodgdm:   Dgíhaca do dospodgdm y mntos do

 pmsmr m rotgrmrnas so hos lrgndmrm emtorgmh do
mig`bos pmrm emyar gniarem`gðn.

(Mnoxa críig`a 60)

 

Tåtuha do hm sosgðn: EG PMH_D POR_MH OPTÍ ON EGP EMNAP ‐ Vmrto =

Aljotgva Conormh: @an`gontgzmr m has ostudgmntos rospo`ta m hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh y mh usa mdo`umda
do eçtadas mntg`an`optgva
mntg`an`optgvas.
s.
Aljotgva ospo`åig`a do hm sosgðn: Lrgndmr gniarem`gðn m`or`m do has lonoig`gas y do has
rgoscas do usmr eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas
mntg`an`optgvas..

Posgðn Imsos Dos`rgp`gðn do hm M`tgvgdmd Tgoepa \ospansmlho

  4
Po gng`gm hm sosgðn: Vrosontm`gðn gng`gmh doh tmhhor 
y prosontm`gðn do has im`ghgtmdaros doh tmhhor.
Imso
gng`gmh Dgíhaca y prosontm`gðn doh aljotgva prgn`gpmh
doh tmhhor: Vrocuntmr mlgortms m has pmrtg`gpmntos
 pmrm ostmlho`or `an`optas gng`gmhos
gng`gmhos

±`ana`os mhcún rgosca quo pravaquo has eçtadas

mntg`an`optgvas1

±@uíh os oh lonoig`g
g`ga do ostas eçtadas
mntg`an`optgvas1 =? Lo`orrm
Torranos
Dgníeg`m:  egnutas Jorsan.
‘Ohocgr oh eçtada mntg`an`optgva― 
Canzíhoz
 Dos`rgp`gðn:  Po prapano un `msa: has Ymrcms Ihmvga.
`aepan
`aepanont
ontos
os do unm pmrpmrojm
ojm dgv
dgvorc
orcon
on sa
salro
lro oh
eçtada mntg`an`optgva m utghgzmr; çh proigoro hm
 påhdarm mntg`an`optgvm y ohhm oh prosorvmtgva (os un
ojoepha argontmtgva, ym quo so puodon ohocgr atras
eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas).

Oh crupa so dgvgdo on `bg`as y `bg`ms. @mdm crupa

tgono quo doiondor `an mrcueontas par quç su
 porsanmjo proigoro un dotoregnmda eçtada. Ohhms
rop
ropros
rosontm
ontmrrín hm pas
pasturm
turm doh
doh `bg`
`bg`aa y ohohha
hass
roprosontmrín hm do hm `bg`m. Vrgeora trmlmjmn par 
sopm
sopmrm
rmda
da y dosp
dospuç
uçss so papano
nonn on `aeú
`aeúnn has
has
 

mrcueontas do unas y do atras.

 \ah doh im`ghgtmdar: 

Oxph
Oxphg`m
g`mrr hm m`tgv
m`tgvgdm
gdmd,
d,
msoc
msocur
urmr
mrso
so do qu
quoo has
has crup
crupas
as trtrml
mlmj
mjon
on papar 
r 
sopmrmda y praeavor oh dolmto on oh crupa crmndo.
Po pr
pros
oson
ontm
tmrí
rí un vgdo
vgdoaa m has
has os
ostu
tudg
dgmn
mnto
toss on

has lonoig`gas y ,do

rohm`gðn m mntg`an`optgvas
eçtadas has rgoscas
huoca do has
so ho romhgzmrí
 procuntms roiorontos mh vgdoa, y sgtum`ganos
sgeghmros quo bmymn pmsmda.

bttps://www.yautulo.`ae/wmt`b1v5]4s?-
Imso P=oCB6 Pahðrzmna
gntoreod Mvmhas
gm Vroson
Vrosontm`
tm`gðn
gðn do hms dgm
dgmpas
pasgtgvms ‘EG PMH_D
gtgvms <? Mrm`ohy.
POR_MH OPTÍ ON EGP EMNAP " egnutas
Bumeín \ajms
  DGNMEG@M:   so romh romhgz
gzmr
mr unm
unm dgn gníe
íeg`
g`mm Hugs Vmlha.
donaegnmdm oh sgeðn dg`o, hm `umh `ansgsto on
romhgzmr unm gndg`m`gðn, dmdm par oh im`ghgtmdar, par 
ojoepha: Pgeðn dg`o, quo ho duoho hm `mlozm, has
ostudgmntos tondrín quo romhgzmr hm m``gðn y costas
`aea sg hos dahgorm hm `mlozm, sgeðn dg`o quo hos
duoh
duohoo hm lmrr
lmrrgcgcm,
m, ot`.
ot`.,, mså
mså sgeð
sgeðnn gr
grmm dg`g
dg`gon
onda
da
mhcunms m``gan ganos quo roprosonton m hms
`anso`
`an so`uon
uon`gm
`gmss a lonlonoig
oig`ga
`gass quo pra
prava`
va`mn
mn has
eçtadas mntg`an`optgvas.

Mh ignm
ignmhh doh
doh ojor
ojor`g
`g`g
`ga,
a, `mdm
`mdm una(
una(m)
m) `aep
`aepmr
mrto
to
sontge
sontgegon
gontas
tas y pon
ponsme
smegon
gontas
tas quo hos pra
praduj
dujaa
romhgzmr hm m`tgvgdmd.

  Dgmhaca ignmh: Po hos pgdo m has pmrtg`gpmntos quo

iareon un `år`uha y taeon msgonta. Po romhgzm unm
`bmrhm crupmh roihoxgvm, os`u`bmnda has mpartos do
Imso `mdm pmrtg`gpmnto dotoregnmnda mså ha mprondgda =6 @mlrorm Hoðn
ignmh a on hm sosgðn. egnutas Pboghm Emvoh.
`gorro Mphg`m`gðn do Vast Tost. Vmz Lurcm
  Dospodgdm:   Dgíhaca do dospodgdm y mntos do Argmnm Mhg`o.
 pmsmr m rotgrmrnas so hos lrgndmrm emtorgmh do
mig`bos pmrm emyar gniarem`gðn.

(Mnoxa críig`a 64)

 

Tåtuha do hm sosgðn: EG PMH_D

PMH_D PO POR_MH
R_MH OOPTÍ
PTÍ ON EGP EMN
EMNAP AP ‐ Vmrto
Vmrto < .
Aljotgva Conormh: @an`gontgzmr m has ostudgmntos rospo`ta m hm gng`gm`gðn soxumh y mh usa mdo`umda
do eçtadas mntg`an`optgva
mntg`an`optgvas.
s.
Aljotgva ospo`åig`a do hm sosgðn: Iaeontmr unm m`tgtud rospansmlho rospo`ta m hm
gng`gm`gðn soxumh y oh pralmlho usa do eçtadas mntg`an`op
mntg`an`optgvas.
tgvas.

Posgðn Imsos Dos`rgp`gðn do hm M`tgvgdmd Tgoepa \ospansmlho

  ?
Po gng`gm hm sosgðn: Vrosontm`gðn gng`gmh doh tmhhor 
y prosontm`gðn do has im`ghgtmdaros doh tmhhor.

Dgíhaca y prosontm`gðn doh aljotgva prgn`gpmh

doh tmhhor: Vrocuntmr mlgortms m has pmrtg`gpmntos
 pmrm ostmlho`or `an`optas gng`gmhos.
gng`gmhos. =6 Lo`orrm
±]uç pmsmråm sg na usa mhcún eçtada Torranos
egnutas Jorsan.
mntg`an`optgva1
Imso Canzíhoz
gng`gmh ±]uç san hms OTP1
Ymrcms Ihmvga.
Dgníeg`m:
±]uç pmsmråm sg...1
 Dos`rgp`gðn:  Gndg
Gndgvg
vgdu
dumh
mheo
eont
ntoo a on cr
crup
upas
as
rodu`gdas
rodu`
Mh iggdas,
ignmh, , so
nmh, so lus`
lus`mn
mlromnun
mlro rospu
rospuostms
ostms
dolmto,, mpr
dolmto `mdm
prgeoraasgtum`gðn
geor sgtum`gðn.
has.
on has
sulcrupas quo bmn trmlmjmda hm egsem sgtum`gðn y
dospuçs so panon on `aeún tadms hms sgtum`ganos.

  -  Pgtum`gðn =:  ostay oelmrmzmdm (a eg pmrojm ha

ostí).

 Pgtum`gðn <: Tonca unm OTP.

 Vrocuntms argontmtgvms:
argontmtgvms:

  ±]uç
±]uç pms
pmsmråm
mråm11 ±]
±]uç
uç eo dgr grååmn1
mn1 ±@
±@ðe
ðeaa
rom``ganmråmn has pmdros, hm pmrojm, has megcas y

megcms,
custmråm oh
quopraiosar/m, oh/hm
to trmtmrmn1 eçdg`a/m1
±]uç ±@ðea
to custmråm to
quo to
 

dgjormn1

  - Pgtum`gðn 0: to hhocm un PEP do un megca quo

dg`o: ‘Ha bo bo`ba sgn `andðn `an eg pmrojm, a on
atra os`onmrga `an mhcugon quo m`mla do `ana`or 
±quç bmca1―.

  Vrocuntms argontmtgvms:
 Vrocuntms argontmtgvms:
  ±]
±]uç
uç ho dgrå
dgråms
ms11 ±Ha/
±Ha/hm
hm eg
egrm
rmrå
råms
ms do iaiare
remm
dgioronto1 ±]uç rgoscas to proa`upmråmn eís: oh
oelm
oe lmrm
rmza
za a mhcu
mhcunm
nm onio
oniore
reod
odmd
md qu quoo pu
puod
odmm
`antrmor1

 \ah doh Im`ghgtmdar:  Oxpano

Oxpanorr hms sgt
sgtum`
um`gan
ganos
os
ohocgdms y `andu`gr oh dolmto
Po prosontmrí vgdoas `artas m has ostudgmntos on
rohm`gðn m:

hm gng`
gng`gm
gm`g
`gðn
ðn soxu
soxumh
mh y oh usa
usa do has eçta
eçtada
dass
mntg`an`optgvas.

Onioreodmdos do trmnsegsgðn soxumh.

Huoc
Huocaa so ho romh
romhgzm
gzmrí
rí proc
procun
untm
tmss ro
roio
ioro
ront
ntos
os mh
vgdoa, y sgtum`ganos sgeghmros quo bmymn pmsmda.

bttps://www.yautulo.`ae/wmt`b1
v59WOw?qMLx4c

bttps://yautu.lo/tZVHpnbRZjc
Pahðrzmna
bttps://yautu.lo/tJrJW@c`9]4 Mvmhas
Imso <? Mrm`ohy.
gntoreod Vro
Vroson
sontm`
tm`gðn
gðn do hms dgm
dgmpas
pasgtgvms ‘EG PMH_D
gtgvms egnutas
gm POR_MH OPTÍ ON EGP EMNAP  " Bumeín \ajms
Hugs Vmlha.
Po romhgzm un iara, so rospando hms procuntms
quo
quo tonc
toncmn
mn has
has pm
pmrtg
rtg`g
`gpm
pmnt
ntos
os hu
huoc
ocaa do hm
oxpasg`gðn.
Dgníeg`m: 
Tada ha quo sgoepro qugsgsto smlor y nun`m to
mtrovgsto m procuntmr 

Aljotgvas:  Im`gh
m`ghgt
gtmmr un ospm
ospm``ga do dolmdolmto
to..
Iaeont
Iae ontmr
mr oh dgí
dgíhac
hacaa y oh ont
ontond
ondgeg
gegont
ontaa ont
ontro
ro
soxas.
 

Tgoepa mpraxgemda: 4? egnutas

 Dos`rgp`gðn:  Gn
Gndg
dgvvgdu
gdumheo
mheont
ntoo y do ia iarrem
mnðngem so iareuhmn procuntms mh soxa `antrmrga
os`rglgonda on unm tmrjotm hms dudms salro ‘Tada
ha quo sgoepro qugsgsto smlor y nun`m to mtrovgsto m
 procuntmr― y so ro`acon on un salro. M eodgdm
quo so hoon do unm on unm so vmn rospandgonda do
iarem vahuntmrgm.

Vastorgareonto so puodo mlrgr un dolmto salro hms

 procuntms eís iro`uontos
iro`uontos a hms eís ropotgdms.

 \ah doh odu`mdar/m: Gniaremr quo hms procuntms

na tgonon quo gr dgrgcgdms m unm porsanm `an`rotm
sgna mh crupa do `bg`as a do `bg`ms on conormh.
Onun`gmr `mdm procuntm y eadormr oh dgíhaca.

 Mhtornmtgvm:  @mdm una bm`o unm hgstm `an tros

`ahuenms.

=. Ha quo so dg`o do has `bg`as: gdoms quo so tgonon

on conormh do hm soxumhgdmd do has `bg`as.

<. Ha quo so dg`o do hms `bg`ms: gdoms quo so tgonon

on conormh salro hm soxumhgdmd do hms `bg`ms.

0. Ha quo ya vgva y sgonta: gdoms quo ya tonca

salro hm soxumhgdmd `aea `bg`a a `bg`m quo say.

Ignmheonto, so pano on `aeún, so bm`o un hgstmda

`anjunta y so mlro un dolmto.

  Dgmhaca ignmh: Po hos pgdo m has pmrtg`gpmntos quo

iareon un `år`uha y taeon msgonta. Po romhgzm unm
`bmrhm crupmh roihoxgvm, os`u`bmnda has mpartos do
Imso `mdm pmrtg`gpmnto dotoregnmnda mså ha mprondgda <6 @mlrorm Hoðn
ignmh a on hm sosgðn. egnutas Pboghm Emvoh.
`gorro Po romhgzm `aea ovmhum`gðn ignmh oh Vast Tost. Vmz Lurcm
(Mnoxa 6=) Argmnm Mhg`o.

  Dospodgdm:   Dgíhaca do dospodgdm y mntos do

 pmsmr m rotgrmrnas so hos lrgndmrí emtorgmh do
mig`bos pmrm emyar gniarem`gðn.

(Mnoxa críig`a 6?)

 

YG. \O@_\PAP
9.=.
9.=. Bu
Buem
emna
nass

On oh prosonto prayo`ta, tonoeas on oh pmpoh im`ghgtmdaros m tadas has egoelras doh

oqugpa do trmlmja.

 Pahðrzmna Mvmhas, Mrm`ohy.

 @mlrorm Hoðn, Pboghm Emvoh.
 Vmz Lurcm, Argmnm Mhg`o.
 Bumeín \ajms, Hugs Vmlha.
 cuzeín Lustmemnto, Jasç Egcuoh.
 Lo`orrm Torranos, Jorsan.
 Canzíhoz Ymrcms, Ihmvga.

 Nuostrm da`onto
da`onto doh `ursa, `aea
`aea msosarm on oh phmn do trmlm
trmlmja:
ja:

Msosarm: Yohozeara Lornmh, Cgnm @o`ghgm.

9.<.. Emtorg
9.< Emtorgmho
mhoss

\O@_\PAP
 Lgonos
Emtorgmhos do os`rgtarga
Emtorgmhos do geprosgðn críig`m
Emtorgmhos do geprosgðn
Hmptap a V@ do os`rgtarga
 Porvg`gas
DOP@\GV@GÐN
Vgzmrrm, phueanos, pmpoh, pmpohatos,
hípgz, hmpg`oras, rosmhtmdaros, ot`.
Gniacrmiåms, mig`bos.
Ho`turms pmrm trmlmjmr on has tmhhoros.
Dgcgtmhgzm`gðn doh VOAP

Geprosganos Geprosgðn do tadas has emtorgmhos pmrm

has tmhhoros.
 

YGG. OYMH_M@GÐN

Vmrm hm ovmhum`gðn salro ho oio`tgvgdmd doh Vhmn do odu`m`gðn y Argontm`gðn Poxumh,

romhgzmroeas unm ovmhum`gðn
ovmhum`gðn do Vro y Vast Tost on hm prgeorm y úhtgem sosgðn.
 Mnoxa 6=.
 

YGGG
YGGG.. \OIO
\OIO\O
\ON@
N@GM
GMP
P LGLH
LGLHGA
GAC\
C\ÍI
ÍIG@
G@MP
MP

=. Arcmn
Arcmngzm`
gzm`gðn
gðn Eundg
Eundgmh
mh Do Hm Pmhud (<66
(<664).
4). ‘Gndg`md
‘Gndg`mdaros
aros Lísg`as
Lísg`as Vmr
Vmrmm Oh Mníhgsgs do
hm Oqugdmd do Cçnora on Pmhud―. Smsbgnctan D`. Víc. 67.
\o`upormda do:
btps://grgs.pmba.arc/lgsrome/bmndho/=699?.</067</7<3?0<?494Qspm.pdi1
soquon`o5==&gsMhhawod5y

<. Arcmn
Arcmngzm`
gzm`gðn
gðn Vmnm
Vmnmeorg`
eorg`mnm
mnm Do Hm Pmhud
Pmhud,, (<664), ‘Gndg`m
‘Gndg`mdaro
daross Lísg`as
Lísg`as Vmrm Oh
Mníhgsgs do hm Oqugdmd do Cçnora on Pmhud―. Smsbgnctan D`, píc. 62.
\o`upormda do:
bttps://grgs.pmba.arc/l
bttps://grgs.pmba.arc/lgtstrome/bmndho/=699
gtstrome/bmndho/=699?.</067</7<3?0<
?.</067</7<3?0<?494Qspm.pd
?494Qspm.pdi1
i1
soquon`o5==&gsMhhawod5y

0. _ng`o
_ng`oi,
i, (<66<
(<66<).
). ‘Mdahos`o
‘Mdahos`on`gm
n`gm:: unm otmpm iundme
iundmeontm
ontmh―,
h―, Now yark,
yark, píc. <.
\o`upormda do: bttps://www.ung`oi.a
bttps://www.ung`oi.arc/pulQmdahos`o
rc/pulQmdahos`on`oQsp.pdi 
n`oQsp.pdi 

4. AEP, (<
(<6=4)
6=4) ‘‘Pmhu
Pmhudd pmrm hhas
as md
mdahos
ahos`onto
`ontoss doh eu
eunda―
nda―,, píc. ?.
\o`upormda do: bttps://mpps.wba.gnt/mdahos`ont/so`and-
do`mdo/ighos/SBAQIS@QE@MQ=4.6?Qspm.pdi 

?. Bgdmh
Bgdmhca
ca y Canzíh
Canzíhoz,
oz, (<6=
(<6=3)
3) ‘Vodg
‘Vodgmtråm
mtråm Gnto
Gntocrmh:
crmh: Dos
Dosmrrah
mrrahha
ha durmnto
durmnto hm mdahos`on`
mdahos`on`gm:
gm:
Mspo`tas iåsg`as, psg`ahðcg`as y sa`gmhos―, Yah. RRG, núe. 64, píc. <<.
\o`upormda do: bttps://www.podgmtrgmgntocrmh.os/wp-
`antont/uphamds/<6=3/69/Vodgmtrgm-Gntocrmh-RRG-4QSOL.pdi 

9. AEP, (<6=
(<6=2),
2), ‘\o`
‘\o`aeon
aeondm`g
dm`ganos
anos salro
salro prí`t
prí`tg`ms
g`ms soho
soho``ga
``ganmdm
nmdmss pmrm oh usa do
mntg`an`optgvas―,
mntg`an`optgva s―, Tor`orm odg`gðn.
\o`upormda do:
bttps://mpps.wba.
bttps://mpps.wba.gnt/grgs/lgtstrome/bmndho/=69
gnt/grgs/lgtstrome/bmndho/=699?/<?72=4/7327<
9?/<?72=4/7327<40?9?462-
40?9?462-
spm.pdi;jsossgangd5I74?20@2M=
spm.pdi;jsossgan gd5I74?20@2M=M?@LOO2D@2?9
M?@LOO2D@2?9=2D2MM40D61
=2D2MM40D61soquon`o
soquon`o5=5=
 

GR. MNORAP

MNORA 6<.
Ovmhum`gðn do sosgðn =. @ANA@GONDA N_OPT\A @_O\VA - PMH_D POR_MH,
\OV\AD_@TGYM W EÇTADAP MNTG@AN@OVTGYAP

HA ]_O EO C_PTÐ HA ]_O MV\ONDÅ BAW

HA ]_O PO DOLO EOJA\M\ HA ]_O NA EO C_PTÐ

 

MNORA 60.
Ovmh
Ovmhum
um`g
`gðn
ðn do so
sosg
sgðn
ðn <. ¡M EÅ NA EO YM M VMPM
VMPM\!
\! M_TA
M_TA@_
@_GD
GDM\
M\PO
PO W
@_GDMDA E_T_A

HA ]_O EO C_PTÐ HA ]_O MV\ONDÅ BAW

HA ]_O PO DOLO EOJA\M\ HA ]_O NA EO C_PTÐ

 

MNORA 64.

Ho`turm salro soxumhgdmd. (mr`bgva VDI)

MNORA 6?.

Ovmhum
Ovmhum`g
`gðn
ðn do sosg
sosgðn
ðn 0. _N
_NM
M MY
MYON
ONT_
T_\M
\M M DOP@
DOP@_L
_L\G
\G\,
\, DG
DGPI
PI\_
\_TM
TM\
\ W
@_GDM\PO - HM POR_MHGDMD W EÇTADAP MNG@AN@OVTGYAP

HA ]_O EO C_PTÐ HA ]_O MV\ONDÅ BAW

HA ]_O PO DOLO EOJA\M\ HA ]_O NA EO C_PTÐ

 

MNORA 69.

Ovmhum`gðn do sosgðn 4. EG PMH_D POR_MH OPTÍ ON EGP EMNAP ‐ Vmrto =

HA ]_O EO C_PTÐ HA ]_O MV\ONDÅ BAW

HA ]_O PO DOLO EOJA\M\ HA ]_O NA EO C_PTÐ

 

EMTO\GMH C\ÍIG@A DO MVAWA 6=

 

EMTO\GMH C\ÍIG@A DO MVAWA 6<

 

EMTO\GMH C\ÍIG@A DO MVAWA 60

 

EMTO\GMH C\ÍIG@A DO MVAWA 64