I`gnd Fhrtnd Wnrpusht

Fhrtnd hg pnrushahho rnsib phrh pr`gusno ghdhi sncuha bogustrb yl inontufho cnrchlhb
fncbmhfho chlb sndurua pnrushahho ghdhi fhrtnd btu, gl tumuho inobolfhtfho fnuotuolho t`thd
fhrtnd tnrsncut.

Fhrtnd yl nfstrbi hg yl inicuht sndurua fnputuhsho uotuf sndurua pnrushahho holl`th. Cnotuf
fnrmh shih snipuroh bob gbsncut fhrtnd tnrpusht (knotrhdbzng khrtnd) gho inolhrha fnphgh khrh
 pnoyndnshbho i`o`p`db.

 Mbfh ahrlh boput f`ostho ihfh gl inomuidhafho [IK ghrb sndurua pnrushahho holl`th
fhrtnd gbpnrdbahtfho furvh ∘IK.
 Wbolfht `utput tnrchbf hghdha Xn (tbtbf N) fntbfh tnrmhgb fnuotuolho ihfs yt fntbfh furvh
IS9 ∘IK

[yhrht fhrtnd =

υ 9
υ 9 WS8
υ8 + υ3 WK8‛ W
+ WS3‛ WK3
K3 9 WS ‛ WK8‛
WK8‛ WK3
IS 9 IK8 9 IK3
IS 9 ∘IK

I`gnd Fhrtnd Cnrchlb Uhshr

Fhrtnd mnobs bob dncba choyhf gbmuiphb.

Uhshr gbchlb gnolho = (h)tbolfht ahrlh, (c)fu`th (k)ghnrha/wbdhyha.

Fncnchsho tnthp hgh ghdhi = cnotuf pr`guf, fnlbhtho pr`i`sb gdd.

Fhsus fhrtnd = (8)holl`th fhrtnd yhol dniha cnrsngbh inomuhd gnolho tbolfht ahrlh tnrtnotu hthu
dncba rnogha. Gbsncut pnollhcuolho tbghf sthcbd fhrnoh pr`gusno gnolho struftur cbhyh dncba
 

rnogha hfho inog`r`ol pr`gusno dhbo fnduhr phshr. (3)pr`gusno gnolho struftur cbhyh shih
hfho inichlb phshr shih cnshr. [truftur cbhyh dhbo gnolho fu`th gho onl`sbhsb. ^otuf
inolahdholb pnshbol chru, tbolfht ahrlh gbtnthpfho tbghf tnrdhdu tbollb gho pnrhol ahrlh gnolho
 pr`gusno chru.

I`gnd Fnpnibipboho Ahrlh

Ghdhi i`gnd bob tnrghpht pnrushahho g`iboho yhol cnrtboghf sndhfu pnibipbo ghshr, snrth
 pnrushahho dhbooyh snchlhb pnolbfut. Gbihoh inrnfh cnrnhfsb sn`dha-`dha inrnfh cnrhgh ghdhi
 phshr yhol cnrshbol snipuroh.

Unrushahho-pnrushahho pnolbfut cnrtboghf snchlhb pnonrbih ahrlh (prbkn thfnr), yhbtu hfho
inonrbih cnrhphpuo ahrlh yhol gbtnthpfho `dna pnrushahho pnibipbo gho hfho inolahsbdfho
`utput phgh f`ogbsb gbihoh ihrlbohd k`stoyh shih gnolho tbolfht ahrlh.

Unibipbo ghshr hghdha pnrushahho g`iboho gl struftur ahrlh rnogha hthu pnrushahho yl
tnrcnshr ghdhi bogustrb tnrsncut.