15

Properties of
Triangles

in
VI, we have defineda triangle and various types of triangles
based on angles and sides.
nthis
class
chapter, we shall review these results and study some more properties ol a i a n B

Triengle Let A. B C be three noncollinear potnts. Then. theflgure Jormed

BC and CA is called a triangle wlth
by the three line segments AB,
vertices A. B and C. denoted by AABC.
C
AAABC has
(i) three sides, namely AB, BC and CA ZA. LB and Zc
ZBAC, LABC and LBCA to be denoted by
and (i) three angles, namely
respectively. of a triangle.
of a triangle are called
the six parts or elements
The three sides and three angles
its vertices.
In AABC, the points A, B and C are called
to the side BC.
Clearly, A is the vertex opposite
to the side CA.
Similarly, B is the vertex opposite
to the side AB.
And, C is the vertex opposite

VARIOUS TYPES OF TRIANGLES

CONSIDERING THE LENGTHS

OF THEIR SIDES
NAMING TRIANGLES BY
sides equal is called a n equilateral
triangle.
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE:
A triangle having all
( isosceles triangle.
two sides equal is called an
ISOSCELES TRIANGLE:
A triangle having
(i) scalene
is called a
sides of diferent lengths
sCALENE TRIANGLE:
A trlangle having all
(Hi)
trlangle.

Scalene triangle
Equilateral trlangle Isosceles triangle

sides ofa triangle iscalled its pertmeter

The sum of the lengths of the
Perimeter of a Triangle
CONSIDERING THEIR ANGLES
NAMING TRIANGLES BY
A triangle each of whose angles
measures
less than 90° is called an

(0 ACUTE TRIANGLE:
acute triangle.

181
 7
Mathematirn for ('laAM
() RiaHT TRIANGLE: A triangle one of hone angles eastureN MY ts called a1

(N) OBTUSE lhan t

TRIANGLE: A
trianqle
trtangle.ngle
obtuse ti
obuse
one
one of
of whose
u'
angles
neusufen
more

olled

(Ohluse iangles
Auule trlangle ight trianle

()

SOME RESULTS ON
TRIANGLESs
Each angle of an equllateral trlangle measurest0o.
h e angles oppOsite t o e a a l sides ol an Isosceles trlange are q u a

(111) A scalene
trlangle has no two angles cqla.
ANGLE SUM PROPERTY OF A
TRIANGLE
THEOREM The sum of the angles of a trlangle ls 180.

PROOF Consider a AABC.

hrough A, draw a line XY parallel to BC and mark the anges
as shown in the
flgure.
Now. XY || BC and the transversal AB cuts them.
= 24 (alternale angles).
Agaln, XY || BC and the transversal AC cuts them.
L2= 25 (alternate angles).
Now, 21 + 23 + 22 = 24 + 23+ 25 1 = 24 and 22 = L5]

But, 24+ 23+ 25 180 by lincar propertyl

1+ 23+ L2 = 180°.
Hence, the sum of the angles of a trlangle is 180.

REMARK As a consequence of the above result, we can say that

(1) a trlangle cannot have more than one right angle;
(11) a trlangle cannot have more than one obtuse angle;
(111) in a right trlangle, the sum of the two acute angles is 90°.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1. ina AABC, LA = 35° and LB = 65°, Jind the measure of ZC.

Solutlon We know that the sum of the angles of a trlangle is 180.

LA +ZB + 2C = 180°
35°+65°+ 2C=180
100t 2C = 180°
L C = 1 8 0 ° -100° = 80°.
Hence, the measure of 2C Is 80°.

EXAMPLE 2. Find the angles of a trlangle which are tn the ratto 3 : 4:5.

Solutton Let the measures of the given angles of the trlangle be (3.xP, (4xP and (5x
respecttvely. Then,
3x +4x+ 5 x = 180 I:sum of the of a trlangle Is 180
12x =180
 183
Properties of Triangles
180
X= = 15.
12
So. the angles measure
(3 x15)°. (4 x15° and (5
i.e., 45°. 60° and 75°. x15P
Hence. the angles of the
triangle are 45°, 60°. 75°.
EXAMPLE 3. wo angles of a triangle are equal and the third angle measures 70
measure of each of the unknown angles.
Solution Let the measure of each unknown
angle be x°.
We know that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180.
x+x+70 =180 2 x (180 -70) =

2 x =110
X=55.
Hence, each unknown angle is 55°.

EXAMPLE 4. In a AABc. if3 ZA = 4 2B = 62C. calculate 2A. LB and 2C.

Solution Let 3 2A = 4 B = 6 4C =x°. Then.

a-
Now, ZA+ ZB+ 2C =180°
andc- s u m of the é of a triangle is 180°1
180

4x+3x +2x = (180x12)

180x12
9 x = (180 x12) x= 240.
9

LA = 80.B = 60"and 2C=64

ZB 60° and 2C = 40°.
Hence, A =80°, =

been obtained by using two triangles.

EXAMPLE 5. The adjoining figure has
ZB+ 2C+ D + ZE+ LF 360°. =

Prove that 2A +

Solution We know that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.

From AACE, we have:
LA + 2C+ ZE =180°. (i)
From ABDF, we have:
B + D + ZF =180°. (i)
From (i) and (i), we get
ZE+ZF = 360°.
LA +ZB+2C+D+

EXERCISE 15A

if ZA =72° and B =
63°, find ZC.
1. In a AABC,
ADEF, if LE =105° and
ZF =
40°, find ZD.
2. In a

3. In a AXYZ, if LX 90° and LZ

=
=
48°,find Y.
which are in the ratio-43: 2.
4. Find the angles of a triangle
is 36°, find the other.
5. One of the acute angles of a right triangle
are in the ratio 2: 1. Find each of
these angles.
6. The acute angles of a right triangle
is 100° and the other two angles are equal. Find each of
the
7. One of the angles of a triangle
equal angles
 184
Mathematics for Class 7
8.
Each of the two
of the triangle. equal angles of an isosceles triangle is twice ihe angde. Find the
Hint. Let the
third
ange
9. If angle be x. Then, 2x
+2x+x
one =
180 of the othcr two, show that the trlang.
angle of a cqual to the sum
Hint. LA
right-angled. triangle
=
2B+ 2C
0. In a ZA+LA ZA+ ZB+ 2C =180. =

AABC, if 24A 32B = =

6ZC, calculate A, ZB and
What is the measure of
Hint. Al each angle of an equilateral triang
the
angles of an equllateral
12. n the tlangle
given figure, DE || BC. 1If ZA 65°areand ZB 55, find
equd
(1) LADE = =

Hint. Since DE (ii) ZAED (1i) 2C

|| BC and ADB is the 35
LADE transversal, so
=2ABC 55" D
(corresponding angles)
=

13. Can a 55
triangle have
(i) two right
(ii) two acute
angles? (i1) two obtuse angles?
angles?
(v) all angles less
(iv) all angles more than 60?
than 60? (vi) all angles equal to 60?
14. Answer the Thecro
(i) Can an
following in "Yes' or 'No'.
isosceles triangle be a
(i) Can a right right triangle?
(iii) Can a right
triangle be a scalene
triangle?
(iv) Can an obtuse
triangle be an
equilateral triangle?
15. Fill in the
triangle be an isosceles triangle?
blanks:
(i) A right
(i) The acute
triangle cannot have an.... angle.
angles of a right triangle are..
a 4pio
(iii) Each acute
angle of isosceles
an right triangle
(iv) Each angle of an equilateral triangle measures measures..
(v) The side opposite the .
(vi) The sum of the
right angle of a right triangle is called.
lengths of the sides of a triangle is called its...

EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR OPPOSITE ANGLES

Let the side BC of a AABC be produced to D. Then,
an exterior ZACD is called
angle. Also, ZBAC and LABC are
called the interior
opposite angles.
EXTERIOR ANGLE PROPERTY OFA TRIANGLE
THEOREM Ifa stde ofa triangle ts produced then the exterlor
sum of the two interior oppostte angles. angle so formed is equal to the

PROOF Let side BC of a AABC be produced to D,

a

We know that the sum of the

forming exterior angle LACD.
angles of a triangle is 180°.
4+2+L3 =180° .(1)
But, 23+ 24 180° (11) [by linear pair
property]
...

From (1) and (1), we get

A+2+ 3 =L3+ 24.
Hence, 21+2 = 24. 2 3A
C
6
 185
Properties of Triangles
REMARK Since an exterior osite
angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two m
angles. it follows that an exterior angle is greater than each one
opposite angles.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1. In the given figure. find the values of x and y.
Suoth/o
n'nloh
55 125
D

Solution In the given figure. side BC of AABC is produced to D.

We know that an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to thee sum of its interior
opposite angles.
LABC+ LBAC = ZACD

5 5 + x =125 x (125 -55) =70.

=
L2:
Also, we know that the sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180.
X+y +55 = 180 70+y +55 =180

=180 -125 = 55.

125 +y =180 y
Hence, x = 70 and y = 55.

One side of a triangle is produced and the exterior angle so formed is 120°. F
EXAMPLE 2.
the interior opposite angles be in the ratio 3:5. find the measure of each angle of
the triangle
Let the given interior opposite angles be (3x)° and (5x)°.
Solution
of triangle is equal to the
We know that an exterior angle a

sum of its interior opposite angles.

120°
3x+5x =120 8x =120 x =15. 5x
LA =
(3x15)° = 45°., LB =
(5x15)°= 75.
But, ZA+ ZB+ ZC =180°

45°+75+2C =180° 120°+2C =180°

2 C =180° -120° =60°.
LA =
45°, ZB =
75° and 2C = 60.

in order prove that the sum of the exterior

EXAMPLE 3. f of a triangle are produced
the sides
angles so formed is 360.
AB of AABC be produced to D, E and F respectively. as
Solutton Let the sides BC, CA and
shown in the figure.
of a triangle is equal to
We know that an exterlor angle
the sum of its interior opposite
angles.
. (1)
4 = A + ZB
L2 = ZB + 2C (11) B
D
23 LC + ZA .. (i)
186 for Class
7
Mathematics

and (i1),
We Bet
On adding the corresponding sides of (1). (i1)
A+2+ 23 = 2(ZA + ZB+ 2C) triangle is 180°
sum of the angles ofa
2x180°
360.
4+2+ L3 =360°.
Hence, the sum of the exterior angles is 360

EXERCISE 15B

of ZACD. 15
1. In the figure given alongside, find the measure

45
B

and y.
the values of x
2. In the figure given alongside, find
130
68
D

and y.
find the values of x 2
3. In the figure given alongside,
Y65
B C

interior opposite angles a r e in the ratio

measures 110° and its
4. An exterior angle of a triangle
2:3. Find the angles of the triangle. interior opposite angles
are equal to each other.
100° and its
5. An exterior angle of a triangle is of the triangle.
each angle
of
Find the measure

find:
6. In the figure given alongside,
(ii) LAED
(i) ZACD

40
45 C
B

find:
7. In the figure
given alongside, (iii) ZDAE
(ii) LADC
(1) LACD 40° 100

=130°. Find
and ZACD
given alongside, x
: y =2:3
8. In the figure z.
the values
of x, y and =130 t =26. 30
Then, 2t +3t
andy=3t.
L e t x =2t
Hint.
B
 187
Properties of Triangles

TRIANGLE INEQUALITY a
e
tn a AABC,
let BC CA b and AB = c. An tmportant
=
a, =
property satisfied by a
triangle is glven below, known as triangle inequality.
s
tnud
than the
TRIANGLE NEQUALITY The sum of any two sides of a triangle ts greater ow.
to test the validity of the above statement, we perform the experiment
given b
In order
EXPERIMENT
Draw three triangles T, T,. T2. Label each one as ABC.
Let BC = a, AC = b and AB =C.

3
2
(0) ()
observations as under:
Measure the lengths a, b, c and tabulate the

Computations
Sides of AABC
Triangle c+a a+b-clb+c-a c+a-b
b a+b b+C
a

Ta
Ts
What do you observe?
You will find that

i) each value of (a +b-c) is positive;

+C-a) is positive;
(i) each value of(b
of(c+a
-

b) is positive.
(ii) each value
(a+b)> c,
(a +b-c)> 0
=
Now,
(b+c)> a,
(b+c-a)>0
(c+a)> b.
(c+a-b)>0
than the third.
is greater
ofa triangle
two sides sides
t h e s u m of any with lengths of its
numbers a r e given.
Then, a triangle two of these
of
Suppose three
positive
only when the s u m of every pair
these numbers is
possible
given by than the third
number.
numbers is greater than the
sides of a triangle is less
The dËfference of any two
Result
Another Important
third side.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

3 cm, 4 cm and
whose sides are

to draw a triangle, the lengths of

EXAMPLE 1. Is it possible
5 cm?
3, 4, 5. the third.
is greater than
numbers
Consider the numbers
these
Solutlon of any two of
3 cm, 4 c m and 5
cm.
the s u m
It is clear that triangle whose
sides are

Hence, it is possible
to dráw a
 188 Mathematics for Class 7

EXAMPLE 2. have lengths 5.8 cm and

10.3 cm, 5.8 cm.
possible to draw a triangle whose sides
4.6 cm?
Solution Clearly, we have:
(10.3+5.8) > 4.6.
(5.8+ 4.6)> 10.3,
(10.3+ 4.6) > 5.8.
h u s , the s u m o f any two of these numbers is greater than the tnira.

5.8 cm and 4.6 cm

Hence, possible to draw a triangle whose sides a r e 10.3
it is cm,

EXAMPLE 3. 7 cm and 12 cm?

p o s s t b l e to draw a
triangle whose sides are 5 cm.
Solution Consider the numbers 5, 7, 12.
Clearly, 5 +7 12.
Thus, the sum of two of these numbers is not greater than the third.
ience, it is not possible to draw a triangle whose sides are 5 cm, 7 cm and 12 cm.

EXAMPLE4 Three ponts A, B, C are collinear as shown in the figure.

Can you draw AABC?
If not, why?
Solution Since the points A, B, C are collinear, they lie on the same stralght line
AB +BC= AC.
But, in a triangle, the sum of any two sides must be greater than the third side.
Hence, it is not possible to draw AABC.

EXAMPLE 5. Tuvo sides of a triangle are 6 cm and 8 cm long. What can be the length of tits
third side?

Solution Let the length of the third side be x cn.

We know that the sum of any tuwo sides of a triangle is greater than the third.
(6+8)>x * x<14.
Also, we know that the difference qf any tuwo sides of a triangle is less than the
third side.
(8-6) <x x>2.
Thus, 2 <x<14.
Hence, the length of the third side must be larger than 2 cm and smaller than 14 cm.

EXERCISE 15C
1. Is it possible to draw a triangle, the lengths of whose sides are given below?
(1) 1 cm, 1 cm, 1 cm (ii) 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm (ii) 7 cm, 8 cm, 15 cm
(iv) 3.4 cm, 2.1 cm, 5.3 cm (v) 6 cm, 7 cm, 14 cm
2. Two sides of a triangle are 5 cm
and 9 cm long What can be the length of its third side?
3. IfPis a point in the interlor of 4ABC then fill in the blanks
o r < or =.

1) PA+ PB.. AB
(11) PB+PC. . BC
(11) AC PA + PC
4. AM 1s a median of AABC. Prove that (AB +BC +CA) > 2AM.
Hint. (AB+BM)> AM (In A ABM)
LAC +MC)> AM (In A ACM)
Now, add the two inequalities.

B
 189
Properties of Triangles
6. In the given figure, P is a point on the slde BC of AABC. Prove
that (AB + BC + AC)> 2AP.
Hint. In AABP, AB+ BP> AP.
In AAPC, PC +AC> AP.
Now. add the corresponding sides.

6. ABCD is a quadrilateral.
Prove that (AB +BC+CD+ DA)> (AC +BD)

7. If O ispoint in the exterior of AABC, show

a that
2(0A+OB +OC)> (AB +BC+CA).
Hint. Jotn OA, OB, OC.
From AAOB. OA +OB> AB.
From ABOc.OB+0C> BC.
From AAOc, OA+OC> CA.

PYTHAGORAS' THEOREM
in 500 BC. He
in 580 BC and died
was an eminent Greek philosopher who was born which is known as
Pythagoras
wonderful relation between the lengths of the sides of right triangle,
a
gave a
Pythagoras' theoremn.
s u m of the
the square of the hypotenuse equals the
Pythagoras' Theorem In a right triangle,
squares of its remaining two sides.
2C 90°, we have:
right AABC in which
=

Thus, in a

AB =BC +AC.
C, BC a and AC =
b, we have:
Thus, if AB
=
=

c=a+b.
perform the experiment
verify the above result,
we
In order to
given below.
Label each one of them as AABC.
Draw any three right triangles, say T1. T2, and Tg.
EXPERIMENT
with 2C as the right angle.

T2 T3
(0)

b and the hypotenuse c of the triangle.

In each case,
measure the sides a,
and c, and tabulate the observations as under:
Compute a2, b
190
Mathematics for Class7
Computations
Right Measurements a+bcc-ta2+ b
triangle a b C a b

You will find that in each case, c2-(a +b)=0.

Hence. c2=a +b.
Result 1. In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side.

PROOF In a
right AABC, we have:
ca+b2 by Pythagoras' theorem]
c>a and c> b
c>a and c> b.
Thus, in a right triangle, the hypotenuse is greater than each or
the remaining two sides.
D

Hence, in a right triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side.

Result 2. Qfall the line segments that can be drawn to a given line from a point outside it.
the perpendicular line is the shortest.
segment
PROOF Let AB be a given line and let P be a point outside it. Draw
PN LAB.
Let 9 be a point other than N on AB. Join PO.
Now, PQ is the hypotenuse and PN is one of the legs of the
right APN. N
But, in a right triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side. B
PN<P9.
Hence, PN is the shortest of all the line
segments that can be drawn from P to line AB.
Converse of Pythagoras' Theorem f the square of one side of a triangle is
the squares of the other two sides, then the equal to the sum of
Thus, in a AABC, if AB
triangle is right-angled.
BC* +CA", then the
=

triangle is at C. right-angled
EXPERIMENTS
(i) Let a =3 cm, b = 4 cm and c = 5 cm.
Then, 3 + 42 = 9 +16 = 25 =52
a +b2 =c2
Now, draw AABC such that BC=3 cm, CA b=4 cm
=4 cm and AB =
5 cm.
Measure C.
You will find that 2C = 90°.
B
AABC is right-angled at C. a 3 cm

(i1) Let a =6 cm, b = 8 cm andc =10 cm. Then,

6 +8 36 +64 100 = (10)
a +b =c2
Now, draw AABC such that BC =6 cm, CA =
8 cm and AB
C10
C

Measure 2C.
=
10 cm b 8 cm

You will find that 2C =90°.

AABC is right-angled at C. a =6 cm C
 191
Properties of Triangless

Pythagorean Trlplets
Three positive integers a, b, c in the very same order are said to form a Pythagoreaan pl
13 a
Thus, each
of the triplets (3, 4. 5). (15, 12, 13), (7, 24, 25), (8, 15, 17) and (12, 35, 37)
Pythagorean triplet.
are called
Legs of a Right Triangle The two sides ofa right triangle other than the hypotenuse
its legs.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1. The hypotenuse of a right triangle ts 17 cm long. f one of the remalning tuwo sides
is 8 cm in length, find the length of the other stde.
Solution Let AABC be rlght-angled at C.
Let AB =17 cm and BC = 8 cm. 17 cm

Then, by Pythagoras' theorenm,

AB = BC + AC2
B 3 cm C
AC= (AB? -BC2)
= {(17) - (8)} cm2 =(17 + 8)17-8) cm2 = (25x9) cm = 225 cm"

A C = 225 cm =15 cmn.

Hence, the length of the other side is 15 cm.
EXAMPLE 2.
The lengths of the sides of two triangles are givern below. Which of them is right
angled?
(i) a = 7 cm, b = 24 cm and c = 25 cm
(ii) a = 8 cm, b =5 cm andc =10 cm

Solution ) Here a = 7 cm, b = 24 cm and c = 25 cm.

The largest side is c = 25 cm.
Now, a+b = {(7)2 +(24)} cm
= (49 +576) cm2 = 625 cm2 = (25 cm) =c2
a+b2 =c2
g i v e n triangle is right-angled by the converse of Pythagoras' theoreml
(1) Here a =8 cm, b =5 cm and c =10 cm.
The largest side isc =10 cm.
Now, a + b' = {(8) +(5)} cms
=
(64 +25) cm* = 89 cm* * (10) cm
a +b2 # c2
given triangle is not right-angled.
EXAMPLE 3. A 15-m-long ladder is placed against a wall in such a way that the foot of
the ladder is 9 m away from the wall. Up to what height does the ladder reach
the wall?
Solutton Let BC be the wall and AC be the ladder.
Then, AB =9 m and AC = 15 m.
Now, AABC being right-angled at B, we have:
AC = AB +BC
15 m
BC= (AC - AB?)
= {(15)2 -(9)) m* = (225-81) m2 =144 m2
B C = v144 m = 12 m.
9 m
required height = 12 m.
192
Mathematien for Class 7
above the ground,
on
one
uwhlch ts 8
m
EXAMPLE4 A ladder 17 m the ladder
is turne
long
street reaches
aehes a wtndow
s a m e polnt,
e Qfthe eet. Keeptng tts foot at
the 15 m. Pind the wldth
at a hetght of wtndow
the street.
ne street toreach a
D
Solutton
LetAB be the street and C be the foot of the mladder. Let
and B be the windows at the helghts of 8 and 1o
respectively from the ground. 17 m/
17 m
Then, CD and CE are the two positions of the ladder.
From rlght ADAC, we have:
AC +AD-CD*
AC=(CD -AD?)
m =(25 x9)m'
= 225 m
07-(8)") m2 = (174+8)(17-8)

AC v225 m =
15 x15 m = 15 m.

From rlght ACBE, we have:

CB +BE = CE2
CB=(CE -BE')
(32>x2) m* = 64 m*
((17)-(15) ) m2 (17+15)17-15)m*
=
=

C B = v64 m= v8x8m 8 m.

Hence, width ofthe street= AB +CB)= (15 +8) m 23 m.

=
(AC
=

is he awayfrom his
EXAMPLE 5 A man goes 24 m due east and then 10 m due north. How far
inittal postion?
Solution Let O be the initial positlon of the man. Let him cover
OA 24 m due east and then AB = 10 m due north.

Finally, he reaches the point B. Join OB. 10 m

Now, in right AOAB, we have:
OB=(OA +AB) W O 24 m

=
{(24) +10) m2 =
(576 +100) m* = 676 m S

OB=676 m 26 m.
Hence, the man is at a distance of 26 m from his initial position.
EXAMPLE 6. Tuwo poles qf hetghts 9 m and 14 m stand upright on a plane ground. f the
distance between thetrfeet ts 12 m, find the distance between thetr tops.
Di
Solution Let AB and cD be theglven poles such that AB =9m, CD =14 m
and AC =12 m. Join BD. 5m

From B. draw BL 1CD.

12 m
DL =(CD - CL)= (CD - AB) = (14-9) m = 5 m.

BL =AC=12 m. 9m 9m

Now, in right ABLD, by Pythagoras' theorem, we have: A 12 m

BD2 =BL +DL2
= {(12) +(5)} m2 = (l44 +25) m2 =169 m2
B D = V169 m = V13x13 m = 13 m.

Hence, the distance between their tops is 13 m.

EXAMPLE 7. A tree ts broken at a helght of 6 mfrom the ground and ts top touches the ground
ata distance of8 mfrom the base of the tree. Find the orlginal helght of the tree.
 193
Properties of Triangles
Let
Solutlon
AB be the tree of
positlon CD as shown hetghth metres broken at the point C and
in the ic
Then, AO =6 m, AD
figure.
=
8 m and CD
From
=
CB =(h-6) m
right ADAC by
Pythagoras' theorem, we have: (h- 8 ) m

CD =
AC +
AD
( h -6 = 62 + 82
8 m
=
36+64 =100 =
(10 8 m A
(h-6) =10 h=(10+6) =16 m.
Hence, the original height of the tree was 16 m.

EXERCISE 15D
of which measure
1. Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle, the other two sides
9 cm and 12 cm.
l CEn
two sides is
2. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 26 cm long, If one of the remalining
long. find the length of the other side.
7.5 Cn.
its hypotenuse is
3. Thelength of one side of a right triangle is 4.5 cm and the length of
Find the length of its third side.
Hint. Let the third side be x cm. Then,
x = (7.5) -(4.5) = (7.5+4.5)(7.5-4.5) = (12x3) = 36 = (6).

hypotenuse is 50. Pind the

equal and the square of its
4. The two legs of a right triangle are
length of each leg.
and 39 cm. Show that it is a right-angled
5. The sides of a triangle measure 15 cm, 36 cm

triangle. (5x3) =(15).

(39 +36)(39-36) (75x3) (5x5x3x3)
=
=

Hint. (39) -(36)

=
=
of
6. In right AABC, the lengths of its legs
are given as a
= 6 cm and b =4.5 cm. Find the length
its hypotenuse.
them are right-angled?
7. The lengths of the sides
of some triangles are given below. Which of
= 15 cm, b
(i) a 20 cm andc = 25 cmn =

9 cm, b =12 cm and c =16

cm
(i) a =

24 cm and c 26 cm =

(ii) a 10 cm, b
=
=

55°. Write which of the following is true:

AABC, ZB 35° and 2C
=

8. In a

(1) AC AB + BC2
=
35 55

(i1) AB= BC + AC2 3

(ii) BC2 =AB? + AC?

reach a window 12 m
15-m-long ladder
is placed against a wall to
9. A
the foot of the ladder from the wall. 15 m

high. Find the distance of |12 m

How far is
the wal of a house reaches a height of 4.8 m.
ladder when set against
10. A 5-m-long wall?
ladder from the
the foot of the 4=(1.412
=
=(5+4.8)(5-4.8) =(9.8x0.2)=
1 0 0 1 0 ( 1 . 4 ) !

Hint. x= 5-(4.8)
does not separate. If the point
from where it breaks is 9 m
the wind but find out
11. A tree is broken by ground at a distance of 12 m from its foot,
above the ground
and its top touches the
broke.
of the tree before it
the total height
 194
Mathematics for Class
7
12 Two poles, 18 If their Ieet are 19
And the m and 13 playground. m apari
distance betweenml gh, stand upright in a

13. Aman goes 35 m thelr tops.

How far is
he from the
e sstarting p
14. A due west and
man the 12 m due north.
goes 3 km due north and then 4 km due east. How far is he away from h
position? K inilta
15.Fnd the
16 Find the length diagonal
of whose sides are
16 cm and 12 cm.
rectangle
the rectangle
"EOnal of the
perimeter of the rectangle whose whos and a diagonal is 41.
t.
tBreadth} (41)-(40? vhose length is 40 cm
lengn=81 cm
17.
=
= (41+4OI41 -40) (8 1x1) =(9
Find the perimeter of
16 cm and 30 c
rhombus, the lengths
=

a rhombus, the lengths of whose diagonais

of a
whose
ue

unt. The
diagonals ofa rhombus bisect each
other at right gles. 15 Cm
18. Fill in the
blanks:
naright triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the...of the square
other two sides. ares of the
(i) Ifthe
square of one side of a ngle is equal to the sum of the squares of thee (other tw0
sides then the trlang
(ti) Of all the line triangle is .
the..is the segments
shortest. thatocan be drawn to a given line from agven point outside it,

Things to Remember
1.YA B, Care three noncollinear
called a triangle 'with vertices potnts, the figure made up by three line segments AB, BC and CA is
2. The three line A, B and C.
3. The three sides segments formtnga
triangle are called the sides of the triangle.
and the three angles ofa triangle are together called the six parts or elements
the triangle.
f
4. A triangle is said to be
(i) an equilateral
triangle if all of tts sides are equal;
(#) an isosceles triangle
f two of tts sides are equal ,
ii) a scalene triangle if all ts stdes
are of
5. A triangle is said to be different lengths.
(1) an acute triangle ifeach
of ts angles measurés less
(1i) a right triangle than 90
f one of ts angles measures 90
(i) an obtuse trlangle f
one of ts angles measures more than 90°
6. The sum of the
angles of a triangle is 180°.
7. Ifone slde of a
triangle is extended, the exterlor angle
oppostte angles. so formed is equal to the sum of the interior
8. The sum of
any tuwo sides of a trlangle ts greater than the third side.
9. In a rlght triangle, the
square of the hypotenuse
stdes. Thls ts known as Pythagoras' theorem. equals
the sum of the
squares of the remaining tuwo
10. In a right trlangle, the
hypotenuse is the longest side.
11. Of all the line segments that can be drawn to a
gven line from a potnt outside t,
line segment ts the shortest. the perpendicular