SONARGAON UNIVERSITY

Experiment No : 01
Experiment Name : Pitot Tube Experiment and Problem
Submission Date : 10.01.2021
Course Title : Fluid Mechanics-II Sessional
Course Code : ME 324

Submitted To:
Mr. Istiaque Zahur, Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Submitted By:
Name: Samsul Alam
Student ID: BME1802015306
Section: Kapna
Semester: Fall 2021
Department: Mechanical Engineering
EXPERIMENT NO: 01

EXPERIMENT NAME: PITOT TUBE EXPERIMENT AND PROBLEM

AIM: To determine the velocity of fluid flowing through the circular tube via a pitot tube.

THEORY: The Pitot tube measures fluid velocity by converting the kinetic energy of the flow into
potential energy. The conversion takes place at the stagnation point, located at the Pitot tube entrance.
A pressure higher than the free-stream (i.e. dynamic) pressure results from the kinematics to potential
conversion. This "static" pressure is measured by comparing it to the flow's dynamic pressure with a
differential manometer.
For incompressible fluid, the Bernoulli’s Equation describes the relationship between the velocity and
pressure along a streamline,

r
+ + z = h* = constant

Where,
p = Fluid static pressure at the cross section
ρ = Density of the flowing fluid
g = Acceleration due to gravity
v = Mean velocity of fluid flow at the cross section
z = Elevation head of the center at the cross section with respect to a
datum

h* = Total (stagnation) head

Evaluated at two different points along a streamline, the Bernoulli equation yields

r
+ + = r
+ +

If z1 = z2 and point 2 is a stagnation point, i.e., v2 = 0, the above equation reduces to

+ =
r r

The velocity of the flow can hence be obtained,

( )
= r
Or more specifically,
2(r −r )
=
r
APPARATUS DESCRIPTION

PROCEDURE:
1. Place the pitot tube apparatus on the hydraulic bench.
2. Attach the pitot tube with hydraulic bench using pipe and quick release connectors.
3. Start the pump, and admit water to the tube by opening the flow control valve adjust the flow
rate in the tube using the flow control valve of apparatus and hydraulic bench simultaneously so that
there are no air bubbles within the tube.
4. Change the flow rate and get different values.
5. For each flow rate allow conditions to become steady, measure and record h1 (static head) and
h2 (stagnation head).
6. For ach notch obtain five readings of H and Q
OBSERVATION
Ser Pressure static Pressure stagnation Pressure static Pressure stagnation h Velocity
No (mm) (mm) (N/m2) (N/m2) (m/sec)
1 0.15 0.14 1471.5 1373.4 0.01 0.443
2 0.13 0.12 1275.3 1177.2 0.015 0.442
3 0.11 0.10 1079.1 981.0 0.025 0.4429
4 0.15 0.12 1471.5 1177.2 0.023 0.7672
5 0.11 0.10 1079.1 981.0 0.015 0.4429

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS

S. No. Manometer reading, cm V= Time for = = Φ=

10 cm
h1 h2 h = (h1 ̴ h2) ( - 1) rise of
water, T
sec
1 0.15 0.14 0.01 0.443 2.4x10-3 0.443 1.7x10-3
2 0.13 0.12 0.015 0.442 3.08x10-3 0.442 2.2x10-3
3 0.11 0.10 0.025 0.4429 4.9x10-3 0.4429 1.19x10-3
4 0.15 0.12 0.023 0.7672 2.16x10-3 0.7672 2.87x10-3
5 0.11 0.10 0.015 0.4429 4.9x10-3 0.4429 1.19x10-3

GRAPH:
The graph is drawn by taking Va on y – axis and √ on x – axis. Va vs √

PROBLEM: A sub-marine moves horizontally in sea and has its axis 15 m below the surface of water. A
pitot- tube properly placed just in front of the sub-marine and along its axis is connected to the two
limbs of a U-tube manometer containing mercury. The difference of mercury level is found to be 170
mm. What is the speed of the sub-marine knowing that the specific gravity of mercury is 13.6 and that of
sea-water is 1.026 with respect to fresh water.

SOLUTION:
Given,
Difference of mercury level, x = 170mm = 0.17m
Specific gravity of mercury, Sg = 13.6
Specific gravity of sea-water, So = 1.026
.
∴ h=x[ – 1] = 0.17 [ – 1] = 2.0834m
.

∴ V = 2 ℎ = √2 9.81 2.0834 = 6.393 m/s