Final Exam Calculus variant 3 2WCB0

Calculus variant 3 2WCB0 19/20 · 8 exercises · 50.0 points

1 Exercise 1 (Multiple Choice Questions)

20.0 points · 8 questions

a The line ℓ in R3 passes through the points (5, 2, 1) and (3, 1, −1). The distance of ℓ to
the point (0, 2, 3) is equal to:  

De lijn ℓ in R3 gaat door de punten (5, 2, 1) en (3, 1, −1). De afstand van ℓ tot het punt
(0, 2, 3) is gelijk aan:
Multiple choice · 2.5 points · 1/2Page · 5 choices

 3 0.0

7
 2 0.0

 4 0.0

9
 2 0.0

 5 2.5
b  
x2 x2
lim − is equal to:
x→∞ x + 2 x−3
Multiple choice · 2.5 points · 1/2Page · 5 choices

 0 0.0

 −1 0.0

 −3 0.0

 −5 2.5

 does not exist 0.0

c Let g(x) = arcsin(x) + arccos(x). The domain of g

is:

Zij g(x) = arcsin(x) + arccos(x). Het domein van g is:

Multiple choice · 2.5 points · 1/2Page · 5 choices

 [−1, 1] 2.5

 [0, 1] 0.0

 [−π, π] 0.0

 [− π2 , π2 ] 0.0

 [0, π] 0.0
d

ln(6) ex
∫ dx = 
0 10 − ex
Multiple choice · 2.5 points · 1/2Page · 5 choices

 1 0.0

3
 2 0.0

 2 2.5

5
 2 0.0

 3 0.0

e x2 sin(2x) − ln(1 + 2x3 ) + 43 x5

lim =
x→0 arctan(x2 ) − x2
Multiple choice · 2.5 points · 1/2Page · 5 choices

 −6 2.5

 −4 0.0

 −2 0.0

 0 0.0

 2 0.0
f The function f (x) = ∣x + 2∣ (x + 2)  is in  x = −2:De functie f (x) = ∣x + 2∣ (x + 2)  is
in  x = −2:
Multiple choice · 2.5 points · 1/2Page · 4 choices

 continuous and differentiable; continu en differentieerbaar 2.5

 continuous and {\bf not} differentiable; continu en {\bf niet} differentieerbaar 0.0

{\bf not} continuous and differentiable; {\bf niet} continu en wel

 differentieerbaar
0.0

{\bf not} continuous and {\bf not} differentiable; {\bf niet} continu en {\bf niet}
 differentieerbaar
0.0

g The differential equation  2y−1 dy = ex2 y+2x2 + y + 1 with initial value y(0) = β
dx
has as solution a constant function y(x) = β when β is equal to:

dy 2 2
De differentiaalvergelijking 2y−1 = ex y+2x + y + 1 met beginwaarde y(0) = β
dx
heeft een constante functie y(x) = β als oplossing als β gelijk is aan:

Multiple choice · 2.5 points · 1/2Page · 5 choices

 −2 2.5

 −1 0.0

 0 0.0

 1 0.0

 2 0.0
 h Let a, b be two vectors in R3 with norm (length) equal to 1. The vector c = a + α ⋅ b
is orthogonal to b if α is equal to:

Zij a, b twee vectoren in de R3 met norm (lengte) gelijk aan 1.  De vector c = a + α ⋅ b
staat loodrecht op b als α gelijk is aan:

Multiple choice · 2.5 points · 1/2Page · 5 choices

 1 0.0

 a∙b 0.0

 −a ∙ b 2.5

1
 a∙b 0.0

1
 − a∙b 0.0

2 Exercise 2
5.0 points · 1 question
 Let K be the curve in R2 , described by the equation x2 − xy + y 2 = 12. Determine all
points on K where the tangent line to curve K is horizontal, and determine the value of
d2 y
dx 2 in all these points.

Zij  K de kromme in R2 , beschreven door de vergelijking x2 − xy + y 2 = 12. Bepaal alle

punten van K waar de raaklijn aan de kromme K horizontaal loopt, en bepaal de
d2 y
waarde van 2 in deze punten.
dx
Open question with lines · 5.0 points · 7/10Page

+1.0
Differentiating gives: 2x − y − xy ′ + 2yy ′ = 0.

+1.0
 That the tangent is horizontal implies that y ′ = 0. So, 2x − y = 0 

+1.0
and x2 − x2x + 4x2 = 4x2 = 12 from which we deduce that x = ±2.So, we have to
consider the points (2, 4) and (−2, −4).

+1.0
Differentiating 2x − y − xy ′ + 2yy ′ = 0 yields 2 − y ′ − y ′ − xy ′′ + 2y ′ y ′ + 2yy ′′ = 0.

+1.0
Now in (x, y) = (2, 4) we nd y ′ = 0 and thus 2 − 2y ′′ + 8y ′′ = 0 from which we
deduce y ′′ = −1/3.In (x, y) = (−2, −4) we nd y ′ = 0 and thus 2 + 2y ′′ − 8y ′′ = 0
from which we deduce y ′′ = 1/3.

3 Exercise 3
6.0 points · 3 questions

Consider the functions/Beschouw de functies

aaaaaf (x) = arcsin ( x ) , and/en g(x) = arctan ( x+1 ) .

x2 +1 x−1
Description
a Determine  the domain D(f ) of the function f and the domain D(g) of the function
g.

Bepaal het domein D(f ) van de functie f , en het domein D(g) van de functie g .
Open question with lines · 1.0 point · 2/5Page

+1.0
For arcsin the domain is [−1, 1]. But for all x ∈ R we have that x is in this interval.
1+x2
So D(f ) = R.For arctan the domian is R, so we only have to exclude x = 1.Thus the
domain of g is R ∖ {1}.

Let/Zij J = D(f ) ∩ D(g).

Description

b Prove that f ′ (x) = −g ′ (x) for all x ∈ J .Bewijs  dat f ′ (x) = −g ′ (x) voor alle
x ∈ J.
Open question with lines · 3.0 points · 4/5Page

+1.5
x2
1+x2 − 1+x
1 2 1+x2 ⋅ 1 1
f ′ (x) = ⋅ 1+x2 = = (1+x 2)
x2 2
1− 1+x
1 (1+x2 ) 1+x2

+1.5
g ′ (x) = 1 ⋅ (x−1)−(x+1) = (x−1)2 −2 −2 1
x+1
1+( x−1 )2 (x−1)2 (x−1)2 +(x+1)2 ⋅ (x−1)2 = 2(x2 +1 = − 1+x2 .

So indeed, f ′ (x) = −g ′ (x).

 c Let  h : J → R be the function de ned by h(x) = f (x) + g(x).Determine the range of
the function h. Explain your answer.

Beschouw de functie h : J → R, gegeven door h(x) = f (x) + g(x).Bepaal het bereik

van deze functie h. Motiveer uw antwoord.

Open question with lines · 2.0 points · 2/5Page

+1.0
On the intervals (−∞, 1) and (1, ∞) the function is differentiable and continuous. Its
derivative is 0, so on each of these intervals the function is constant.

+0.5
At x = 0, the function takes the value arcsin(0) + arctan(−1) = 0 − π
4.

+0.5
As limx→∞ f (x) + g(x) = arcsin 1 + arctan 1 = π π 3π
2 + 4 = 4 we nd that the range is
{−π/4, 3π/4}.

4 Exercise 4
9.0 points · 2 questions

Determine the following integrals.

Bepaal de volgende integralen.
Description
a ∫ ln(x) dx.
x2
Open question with lines · 4.0 points · 2/5Page

+2.0
Partial integration 
ln(x) ln(x) 1 1
∫ = − − ∫ ( )( − ) dx
x2 x x x

+2.0
ln(x) 1 + C Do not subtract points if the integration constant has been omitted.
=− x −x

0.0

ALTERNATIVE

+1.0
Use substitution y = ln(x).This gives ∫ ye−y dy

+2.0
With partial integration:
∫ ye−y dy = −ye−y + ∫ e−y dy

+1.0
ln(x)
= −ye−y − e−y = − x 1 +C
−x
 b 2x4 + x3 − 8x2 + 6x − 4
∫ dx.
x3 − 4x
Open question with lines · 5.0 points · 4/5Page

+1.0
 Polynomial division:
10x − 4
f (x) = 2x + 1 + 3
x − 4x

+1.0
A B
The partial fraction expansion follows from x3 − 4x = x(x − 2)(x + 2): + +
x x+2
C A(x2 − 4) + B(x2 − 2x) + C(x2 + 2x)
=
x−2 x(x + 2)(x − 2)

+1.0
So A + B + C = 0, −2B + 2C = 10 and −4A = −4.

+1.0
From this we get A = 1, and B + C = −1, and −2B + C = 10.But then −3B = 9 and
B = −3. So C = 2.

+1.0
1 − 3 + 2 dx = x2 + x + ln ∣x∣ − 3 ln ∣x + 2∣ +
We have ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ 2x + 1 + x x+2 x−2
2 ln ∣x − 2∣ + C .

5 Exercise 5
4.0 points · 1 question
 Prove  that for all x ∈ R: Bewijs voor alle x ∈ R: 
1
1 + e−x < 1 + e−x .
2
Hint: Prove rst that for all y > 0 we have 1 + y < 1 + 12 y , for example by using the
Mean Value Theorem.Hint: Bewijs eerst dat voor alle y > 0 geldt dat 1 + y < 1 + 12 y ,
bijvoorbeeld, door gebruik te maken van de Middelwaardestelling.
Open question with lines · 4.0 points · 7/10Page

+2.0
On the interval from 1 to 1 + y we nd by the mean Value Theorem that 1+yy − 1 =
1 for some c between 1 and 1 + y .
2 1+c

+2.0
So 1 + y − 1 < 12 y and hence 1 + y < 1 + 12 y .

Taking y = e−x yields the result.

0.0

Alternative

+4.0
For y > 0 we have 1 + y < 1 + y + 12 y 2 = (1 + 12 y)2 , so using that the square root is an
increasing function we obtain 1 + y < 1 + 12 y .

Taking y = e−x (which is positive) gives the result.

6 Exericse 6
6.0 points · 2 questions
a  Determine the general solution y of the differential equationBepaal de algemene
oplossing y van de differentiaalvergelijking

dy 2 3
+ y = 2.
dx x x

Open question with lines · 4.0 points · 1/2Page

+2.0
This is a linear differential equation.
The homogeneous part dx dy = −2 y gives ∫ dy = −2 ∫ dx soln ∣y∣ = −2 ln ∣x∣ + C so
x y x
y(x) = C x2 .1

+1.0
Solving the inhomogeneous differential equation by, e.g., variation of constants yields
C ′ (x) x12 + C(x) ⋅ − x23 + 2 C(x) 3
x2 ⋅x = x2 .

+1.0
Therefore, C ′ (x) = 3, and C(x) = 3x + D.So the general solution is y(x) = x
3 + D.
x2

0.0

Alternative

+2.0
This is a linear differential equation.
Method of the integrating factor: We have p(x) = x 2 , with anti-derivative μ(x) = 2 ln x
.Therefore we multiply the differential equation with eμ(x) = x2 : 

dy
x2 + 2x y = 3.
dx

+1.0
Hence
 

d 2
(x y) = 3,
dx

+1.0
 and integration yields x2 y = 3x + C . Hence 
 3 C
y(x) = + 2.
x x

0.0

Alternative

Notice that nding a particular solution y(x) = x3 can be done in various different ways.If
a student just nds it and shows that it satis es the equation, then he or she should get
all the points. 

b Determine the solution of this differential equation that has a maximum in x = 1.

Bepaal  de oplossing van deze differentiaalvergelijking die een maximum heeft in x = 1.

Open question with lines · 2.0 points · 1/2Page

+2.0
A necessary condition for a maximum is 0 = f ′ (1) = −3 − 2D. So D = − 32 .

Students do not have to check that it is a local maximum.

7 Extra Space
0.0 points · 1 question

Please indicate clearly on which exercise you are working.

Geef duidelijk aan, aan welke opgave uw werkt.

Open question with lines · 0.0 points · 1 1/2Page