UNIT 1: THE GENERATION GAP

SUBJECT : MODALS
PART A: THEORY

1. MUST vs HAVE TO
- “Must” và “have to” đều được sử dụng để diễn tả sự cần thiết phải làm một việc gì đó và có thể
được sử dụng giống nhau trong nhiều tình huống.
Ex: Oh, it’s later than I though. I must/ have to go.
- Tuy nhiên chúng cũng có một số cách dùng khác nhau như sau:

MUST HAVE TO

- Diễn đạt sự cần thiết hoặc sự bắt buộc đến từ
phía người nói ( là mong muốn và cảm xúc, ý kiến cá
nhân của người nói ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ex1: I really must stop smoking. I want to do. {Tôi phải
bỏ thuốc lá. Vì tôi muốn thế.}
Ex2: You must get up earlier in the morning.( Buổi
sáng con phải dậy sớm hơn đấy).
Ex3: You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell
anyone.
- Đưa ra lời suy luận chắc chắn
Ex1: You must be hungry after a long walk. (Hẳn bạn
phải đói bụng lắm sau chuyến đi bộ dài).
Note: S+ must + have + Vp2: Đưa ra suy luận chắc
chắn việc gì đã xảy ra trong quá khứ)
Ex2: You must have been exhausted, having to work on
the weekends.
- Nhấn mạnh một ý kiến
Ex 1: I must admit that it was a memorable experience.
( Tôi phải thừa nhận rằng……….)
- Đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc lời yêu cầu được nhấn
mạnh.
Ex1: You must be here before 8 o’clock tomorrow.
(Sáng mai, anh phải có mặt tại đây trước 8 giờ).
Ex2:You must obey the rules or you will be expelled
Note: Vẫn dùng “ MUST” khi nói về luật lệ
Ex: Bicyclists must remember to signal when they turn.
Don’t you know wearing a mask is a must these
days?
Mustn’t: chỉ sự cấm đoán.
Ex: You mustn’t wear bare feet in this lab. (Bạn không
được phép đi chân không vào phòng thí nghiệm).
- Sự bắt buộc do tình thế hoặc điều kiện
bên ngoài( nội quy, luật pháp, quy
định…).
Ex1: I have to stop smoking. Doctor ‘s
order. {Yếu tố bên ngoài: Lệnh của bác sỹ
đấy.}
Ex2: She has to stay at home to look after
her children because there is no one to help
her ( Yếu tố bên ngoài: Không có ai trông
con).
Ex3: I have to arrive at work at 9 sharp.
My boss is very strict.( Yếu tố bên ngoài:
Ông chủ rất nghiêm khắc)
Ex4: You can’t turn right here. You have
to turn left ( because of the traffic system).
Don’t have to = don’t need to: không cần
thiết
Ex: You don’t have to wash those glasses.
They are clean.(Không cần rửa những cái
kính đó đâu. Chúng sạch mà).
Có thể dùng MUST để nói về hiện tại hay tương lai,
Có thể dùng HAVE TO cho mọi thì.
nhưng MUST không được dùng cho quá khứ Ex:
Ex: I had to go to the hospital. (past) Tôi đã
We MUST go now.Chúng ta phải đi bây giờ.
phải đến bệnh viện.
We MUST go tomorrow. Have you ever had to go to hospital?
but not “We MUST go yesterday” (present perfect) Bạn đã bao giờ phải đi
bệnh viện chưa?
I might HAVE TO go to hospital.
(infinitive sau might) Có lẽ tôi phải đi bệnh
viện.
2. SHOULD/ SHOULDN’T, OUGHT TO/ OUGHT NOT TO, HAD BETTER/ HAD
BETTER NOT

SHOULD OUGHT TO HAD BETTER

Chỉ sự bắt buộc hay bổn
phận, nhưng không mạnh
bằng Must (với should bạn có
thể lựa chọn việc thực hiện
hay không thực hiện, còn must
thì không có sự chọn lựa).
Ex: Applications should be
sent before December 8th (Đơn
xin việc phải được gửi đến
trước ngày 8 tháng 12).
Đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc ý
kiến.
Ex:
You shouldn’t drive so fast.
It’s very dangerous.
Suy đoán hoặc kết luận điều
gì đó có thể xảy ra( người nói
mong đợi điều đó xảy ra).
Ex: Anna has been studying
hard for the exam, so she
should pass.(Anna đã học
hành rất chăm chỉ. Chắc là cô
ấy sẽ thi đậu thôi)
Chỉ sự bắt buộc hay bổn
phận.(Nghĩa tương tự như
should và không mạnh bằng
Must)
Ex:
You ought not to eat sweets at
nights. (Con không được ăn
kẹo vào buổi tối đâu nhé).
Đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc kiến
nghị.
Ex: There ought to be traffic
lights at this crossroads( Nên
có đèn giao thông tại ngã tư
này)
- Nên, tốt hơn. Được dùng để đưa
ra lời khuyên, hoặc bảo rằng
người nào đó nên hay không nên
làm điều gì trong một tình huống
nào đó.Nghĩa tương tự như
should, nhưng không hoàn toàn
giống nhau. Had better mang tính
chất mạnh hơn
- Had better chỉ được dùng cho
tình huống cụ thể, người nói
nhận thấy hành động đó là cần
thiết và mong đợi hành động đó
sẽ được thực hiện.Should có thể
được dùng trong tất cả các tình
huống khi đưa ra ý kiến hoặc cho
ai lời khuyên.
Ex: It’s cold. The children had
better wear their coats.(Trời lạnh
vậy, bọn trẻ nên mặc áo ấm chứ)
Note: S + had better + Vo
S+had better + not+ Vo
Had(not)+ S + better+ Vo?
Ex: Hadn’t we better leave now?

PART B. EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with MUST / MUSTN’T:

1. She is ill, so she ………………………. see the doctor.

2. It’s raining heavily. You …………………… take your umbrella.
3. We ……………………………pick the flowers in the park.
4. Mike is nine months old. He ……………………………… eat nuts.
5. We ……………………. go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.
6. My hands are dirty. I ………………………. wash them.
7. It’s late. I …………………………. go now.
8. You …………………. stop at a red traffic light.
9. You …………………………………. speed in the city.
10. Tourists ……………………… take their passports when they go abroad.
11. Footballers ……………………………………. touch the ball with their hands.
12. It’s cold. You ………………………. leave without your jacket.
13. You …………………. eat fruit and vegetables to stay healthy.
14. I ……………………… go to the post office. I have a letter to send.
15. You ………………………. speak rudely to your parents.
16. You ………………………. park here – it’s illegal.
17. We ………………………. hurry or we’ll miss the bus.

II. Use MUST / MUSTN’T / HAVE TO or (NOT) HAVE TO:

1. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I ………………………………………work.

2. Whatever you do, you ……………………. touch that switch. It’s very dangerous.
3. You …………………. forget what I told you. It’s very important.
4. We …………………………………. leave yet. We’ve got plenty of time.
5. Ann was feeling ill last night. She ………………………. leave the party early.
6. I ………………………. go to the bank yesterday to get some money.
7. The windows are very dirty. I ……………………. clean them.
8. The windows aren’t dirty. You ………………………………… clean them.
9. We arrived home very late last night. We ……………………. wait half an hour for a
taxi.
10. These cakes are very nice. You …………………… have one.
11. We …………………………………. take an umbrella. It’s not going to rain.
12. This is a secret. You ……………………………… tell anybody.
13. You ………………………………. buy a newspaper. You can have mine.
14. This train doesn’t go to London. You …………………………… change at Bristol.
15. Sarah is a nurse. Sometimes she ………………………… work at weekends.
III. For each situation write a sentence with SHOULD or SHOULDN’T
go away for a few days go to bed so late
look for another job put some pictures on the walls
take a photograph use her car so much
1 Liz needs a change.
--> She _______________________________________________________________2
Your salary is very low.
--> You _______________________________________________________________
3 Jack always has difficulty getting up.
--> He _______________________________________________________________
4 What a beautiful view!
--> You _______________________________________________________________
5 Sue drives everywhere. She never walks.
 --> She_______________________________________________________________
6 Bill's room isn't very interesting.
-->_______________________________________________________________

IV. Underline the correct words to complete the sentences

1. ZOO NOTICE: You mustn’t / don’t have to feed the animals.
2. SCHOOL NOTICE : The lift mustn’t/ don’t have to be used in case of fire.
3. I think she ought/ ought not to share housework with her mother.
4. I think parents should/ shouldn’t spend more time talking with their teenage children.
5. You must/ mustn’t practise English every day.
6. I must/ have to practise my English every day.
7. You must/ have to show respect for the elderly.
8. You are going to a concert, so you shouldn’t / oughtn’t to wear your old jeans.
9. I mustn’t / don’t have to stay overnight at my friend’s house. My parents are very strict
about this.
10. She must/ has to stay at home to look after her children because there is no one to help
her.
11. Your grandparents live far from us, so you should/ ought talk to them on the phone
regularly.
12. My grandparents live in the suburbs, so whenever we visit them, we must/ have to take
a bus.

V. Complete the sentences without changing their meanings.

1. My parents expect me to speak in a polite voice to other people.

 It is my parents’ wish that I ______________________________________________
2. I am expected to get home by curfew.
 I should _____________________________________________________________
3. I can visit my classmates at weekend.
 I am allowed _________________________________________________________
4. My parents never let me ask for things in the supermarket.
 My parents always refuse _______________________________________________
5. It’s likely to be more effective to have a few clear and specific rules than a long list.
 A few clear and specific rules ____________________________________________
6. Children can take part in the rule-making process.
 Children are allowed ___________________________________________________
7. It is useful for many families to write down a set of rules about how family members are
expected to behave.
 My family finds _______________________________________________________
8. Many parents think that it’s a good idea to make the rules public by sticking them on the
fridge.
 Many parents think that they _____________________________________________
9. It’s necessary for young children to get supervision and support to follow family rules.
 Young children will ____________________________________________________
10. It is important for a family to have rules about safe behavior, including rules about
alcohol use, dating and curfew.
 A family must ________________________________________________________