ENGINEERING OFFICE SITE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS

ENGINEERING OFFICE
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION
SECTION 02700 - BASES, BALLASTS, PAVEMENTS AND APPURTENANCES
PART 1 - PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 DESCRIPTION
A. Specifications are to be read in conjunction with the whole document.
B. Where materials are referred to in this and other sections of this document (i.e. concrete or
particular specifications), no one section shall take priority over another: All relevant clauses
shall apply.
C. General Specification Hard Landscape shall be read in conjunction with the particular
specification.
1.2 MATERIALS NOT SPECIFIED IN THIS DOCUMENT
A. Materials that have not been individually specified in this document shall be to international
standards: The minimum acceptable standard shall be the relevant British Standard (if
applicable), Australian Standard, American Standard or ISO.
1.3 RELATED REFERENCES
A. Related References: Related British Standards, American Standards, and other references:
B. Reference Standards
1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:

a. AASHTO M17-77, Standard Specification for Mineral Filler for Bituminous
Paving Mixtures.
b. AASHTO M20-70, Standard Specification for Penetration Graded Asphalt
Cement.
c. AASHTO M140-70, Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt.
d. AASHTO M208-72, Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt.
e. AASHTO M226-78, Standard Specification for Viscosity Graded Asphalt
Cement.
2. The American Society for Testing and Materials:
a. ASTM C33, Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
b. ASTM C88, Test Method for soundness of aggregate by use. Sodium Sulphate
or Magnesium Sulphate.
c. ASTM C309 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete.
d. ASTM C494 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.
e. ASTM C979 Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Coloured
Concrete.
f. ASTM D242-85, Specification for Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving Mixtures.
g. ASTM D692-85, Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.
h. ASTM D946-82, Specification for Penetration - Graded Asphalt Cement for Use
in Pavement Construction.
i. ASTM D977-85, Specification for Emulsified Asphalt.
j. ASTM D1073-81, Specification for Fine Aggregate for Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.
k. ASTM D1557-78, Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil
Aggregate Mixtures using 10 lb. (4.54 kg.) Rammer and 18 in. (457mm) Drop.
l. ASTM D2397-85, Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt.
m. ASTM D3381-83, Specification for Viscosity - Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in
Pavement Construction.
n. ASTM D3515-84, Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot Laid Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.
02700 BASES, BALLASTS, PAVEMENT AND APPURTENANCES Page 1/28 Rev.1 - 02 Aug 2015
ENGINEERING OFFICE
o. ASTM D4253-83, Test Methods for Maximum Index Density of Soils Using a
Vibratory Table.
p. ASTM D4254-83, Test Methods for Minimum Index Density of Soils and
Calculation of Relative Density.
3. British Standard Specification
a. BSI 435:1975(1993) – Specification for dressed natural stone, kerbs, channels,
quadrants and setts
b. BSI 5931:1980 – Code of practice for machine laid, in situ edge details for paved
areas
i Part 1:1986– Specification for pavers
ii Part 2:1986– Code of practice for design of lightly trafficked pavements
iii Part 3:1986– Method of construction for pavements
c. BSI 6717– Precast concrete paving blocks
i Part 1:1993 – Specification for paving blocks
ii Part 3:1989 – Code of practice for laying
d. BSI 7263 – Precast concrete flags, kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants
i Part 1:1990 – Specification
ii Part 2:1990 – Code of practice for laying
e. BSI 7533:1992 – Guide for structural design of pavements constructed with clay
or concrete block pavers
f. BSI 340: 1979, Specification for precast concrete kerbs, channels, edgings and
quadrants.
g. BSI 434 : Bitumen road emulsions (anionic and cationic)
i Part 1: 1984 Specification for bitumen road emulsions.
ii Part 2: 1984 Code of practice for use of bitumen road emulsions.
h. BSI 598: Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other
paved areas.
i Part 1: 1974 Sampling.
ii Part 2: 1974 Methods for analytical testing.
iii Part 3: 1985 Methods for design and physical testing.
i. BSI 1446: 1973 Specification for mastic asphalt (natural rock asphalt fine
aggregate) for roads and footways.
j. BSI 1447: 1973 Specification for mastic asphalt (limestone fine aggregate) for
roads and footings.
i Latest editions of all relevant British Standards shall be used with current
amendments and additions.
ii Any differences between their requirements and this specification shall
be submitted to the Engineer for his ruling.
1.4 LEVELS, REFERENCE POINT AND SETTING OUT POINTS
A. The works are to be set out from primary datum levels and setting out points indicated on the
drawings or from information provided by the Engineer.
B. The Contractor shall submit his proposals for setting out and controlling the alignment of the
works, to the Engineer and obtain his approval prior to the start of construction. The
Contractor shall supply to the Engineer details of the value and location of all temporary
benchmarks and reference points he establishes.
C. Should the Contractor dispute the original ground levels shown on the drawings he shall refer
and agree these with the Engineer before disturbing the original ground.
1.5 RELATED WORKS
A. Careful examination of all of the contract documents for requirements which affect the
work of this section shall be undertaken by the Contractor.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Paving works shall be carried out only by skilled workers, with suitable machinery, and
supervised by foremen experienced in type of paving specified.
B. Paving shall be performed by a firm who has equipment adequate for project, and skilled
tradesmen so that placing is performed expeditiously; and is known to have been responsible
for satisfactory installations similar to that specified during a period of at least five years.
C. Requirements of Regulatory agencies: Perform pavement placing on public property in

accordance with design and material requirements imposed by applicable local authorities, in
addition to requirements specified in this section.
1.7 SOURCE
A. Provide kerb/paving units which are the products of one supplier and one quarry as specified.
Stone material shall comply with the standards of the National Granite Quarries Association
(NGQA).
1.8 MOCK-UPS
A. Before beginning primary work of this section, provide mock ups of paving and edging types
(min. area 10 m²) at locations acceptable to The Engineer or Landscape architect and obtain
Landscape Architect acceptance of visual qualities and patterns. Protect and maintain
acceptable mock ups throughout the work of this section to serve as criteria for acceptance of
this work. Acceptable mock ups may be incorporated into finished work.
B. Samples on site are to be prepared in advance of work commencing. Sample panels are
required to ensure that the colours, textures and finishes are constant and equal to the
approved samples
C. No work will be accepted that fails to meet the standards of the approved samples.
Discoloured or faded units shall not be accepted. Cut blocks to be sawn not guillotined.
D. As much of the above will be proprietary products approved by the consultant, they can only
be changed with the consultant’s approval of a proprietary product that is supported with its
own technical data sheets and has a proven record of being used in similar circumstances.
1.9 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: Submit manufacturers' product data, installation instructions, use limitations
and recommendations. Provide certifications stating that materials comply with requirements.
B. Verification Samples: Submit representative samples of each element that is to be used in

the finished work, showing the full range of colour and finish variations expected. Provide at
least four unmounted units.
C. Provide large scale shop drawings for fabrication and installation of all kerb/paving work to
include plans and details showing exact size, shape, profile, curvature, finish and installation
method.
1.10 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE
A. Deliver, store and handle kerb/paving units in strict compliance with manufacturers'
instructions and recommendations. Store above ground and protect from damage and soiling.
1.11 PROJECT CONDITIONS
ENGINEERING OFFICE
A. Weather: Perform work only when existing and forecasted weather conditions are within the
limits established by International Masonry All-Weather Council Guide Specification and the
mortar admixture manufacturer.
1.12 SUBSTRATES
A. Proceed with work only when substrate construction is complete and accepted.
1.13 EXTRA MATERIAL
A. Provide wrapped, packed and labelled extra material to construct 10m² of each type, size and
configuration of stone used on the project. Deliver to the location designated by the
Engineer.
1.14 SAMPLES
A. Samples of all materials to be used shall be submitted for approval before construction
commences. Samples shall be submitted in a timely manner allowing for manufacture and /or
procurement times: Rejection of sample submitted by the contractor shall not be an excuse
for delay of any sort, or justification for extension of any kind.
B. The approved samples shall be clearly labelled and retained on site for the duration of the
project as the standard for all material or work of that type.
C. In addition to the individual samples of all paving materials, a sample area of 3mx3m shall be
prepared by the contractor for approval by the landscape architect for each paving layout as
described in Clause 03.01.8
1.15 MATERIALS SPECIFIED BY CLIENT
A. This specification may contain information regarding materials that may be supplied by the
client. However it remains here for the purpose of information only.
PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1 SCOPE
A. The following section deals with individual materials under the following headings:
1. Description of materials
2. Quality required
B. The following materials are covered:
1. Sub base
2. Cement
3. Mortar Sand
4. Bedding Sand
5. Jointing Sand
6. Water
7. Precast Concrete Pavers, Edging and Kerbs
8. Cast In situ Concrete
9. Exposed Aggregate Concrete
10. Coloured Concrete
11. Stone (Including Granite, Jordanian Stone, Marble and Sandstone).
12. Natural Stone Gravel/Pebble Courses
13. Natural Stone Rockwork.
14. Soil Separator/ Geotextile fabric
ENGINEERING OFFICE
2.2 GENERAL
A. Where materials used in this section have been specified elsewhere in this document, the
relevant clauses shall apply to this section. Materials that have not been individually specified
shall be of first class quality and the minimum standard acceptable shall be the relevant
British Standard where applicable.
B. This section shall conform to requirements for granular fill specified in:
General Specification (Civil works - 0201)
C. This section shall include performance of concrete work as specified in:

General Specification (Civil works - Section 0301)
2.3 SUB BASE
A. Sub base shall be as specified in Division 3 ‘Concrete’.
2.4 CEMENT
A. Cement shall be sulphate resisting cement to BSI 4027 or AASHTO M85-80.
2.5 MORTAR SAND
A. Sand for general purpose mortars to BSI 1200 Table 1.
2.6 BEDDING SAND
A. Bedding sand shall be natural sand or crushed rock having a grading within the following
limits:-
SIEVE SIZE PERCENTAGE PASSING

5mm 90 - 100
2.36mm 75 - 100
1.18mm 55 - 90
0.60mm 35 - 59
0.30mm 8 - 30
0.15mm 0 - 10
B. Clay, silt and fine dust content shall not be more than 3% by mass.
C. Sand shall be free from deleterious salts and contaminants.
D. The sulphate and chloride content shall not be more than 0.4% and 0.6% respectively, as a
percentage by weight.
2.7 JOINTING SAND
A. Sand for jointing shall be clean dry natural sand or crushed rock with 100% passing a
1.18mm BSI sieve and not more than 10% passing a 75 micron BSI sieve.
B. Submit samples of colours for Engineer/Landscape Architect approval.
2.8 WATER
A. Water shall be clean and uncontaminated potable mains supply. Testing shall be to BSI 3148
where required.
2.9 PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS, EDGINGS AND KERBS
ENGINEERING OFFICE
A. Description of Material:
1. Units should be made using either ordinary Portland cement to BSI 12 or white cement
binder, using potable water. Aggregates shall be approved natural aggregate
complying with BSI 882 Granite or Marble chips. Pigments should be used in powder
form and should conform to BSI 1014.
2. Concrete unit paver shall be either 80mm in vehicular areas and 60mm in pedestrian
only areas or as specified in the paving schedule and approved by
Engineer/Landscape Architect.
3. Units should be treated with a solvent based saline siloxane solution, which penetrates
the pores of concrete and reacts with moisture to form a hydrophobic polysiloxane
lining to capillaries leaving a permanent, hard wearing and dust free surface.
B. Quality Required
1. Units should be textured where required on the drawings, and processed in a fully
automated Shot blasting machine to expose the natural colour of the aggregate.
2. The tolerances should be a maximum dimension deviation of; Thickness- 3mm, Length
and Width 2mm, Difference between diagonals-2mm, Flatness winding and bowing
1mm.
3. Compressive strength of pavers should be tested in accordance with BSI 6717 and
shall not be less than 30N/mm² after seven (7) days.
a. Transverse strength, when sampled and tested as described in annex B of BS
7263: Part 1: 1994 shall not be less than 14kn. Pavers should conform to BS
7263, wet mix, hydraulically pressed.
b. Paver size, colours and textures - refer Hardscape Materials Schedule.
c. Edges– Sharp or as specified in the Hard Landscape Material Schedule.
i Surface Treatment– Anti stain/anti-slippery.
ii Compressive strength >30 N/mm².
iii Water Absorption 1-4% .
4. All precast units delivered to site shall have a Certificate of Compliance issued by the
manufacturer in accordance with item no. 12 of BSI 6073. An independent test for the
precast paving units is required, where the independent laboratory (refer to the list of
approved suppliers) mentioned therein shall be the Dubai Municipality Construction
Quality Control and Research Section or the relevant local Municipality equivalent.
5. Precast units shall be delivered to site packaged, complete with original manufacturer,
seals and warranties.
6. Under no circumstances shall slabs that fail to meet these requirements be
incorporated in the Works.
7. All pre-cast Kerbs are to meet the specification requirements of the local Municipality
Roads Department.
8. For the pre-cast Concrete Kerbs to be used within this Contract refer to drawings,
details and materials schedule.
C. Quality required
1. All pavers must be manufactured according to British Standards and complying with
BS.6617 19116 and BS6717:Part 3 19119. Required BS values are as follows:
Water Absorption <7.0%

Compressive strength >70 N/mm²
Transverse Breaking Load >7 N/mm²
Texture Smooth
Mean Wet Skidding Res. Greater than 60
Permissible Size Tolerances Length + 2mm
Width + 2mm
Thickness + 3mm
2. Pavers shall be delivered to site packaged, complete with original manufacturer, seals
and warranties.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
3. Under no circumstances shall pavers that fail to meet these requirements be

incorporated in the works and shall be taken out of site immediately.
4. Colours shall be as specified on the drawings, material schedule or as specified by the
Engineer. Discoloured or faded blocks shall not be accepted. Cut blocks to be sawn
not guillotined.
5. Contractor to provide shop drawings indicating colour and pattern for
Engineers/Landscape Architect approval in accordance to point 0303.01.9 Submittals
of these specifications.
D. Finishes
1. The Contractor shall provide a full method statement indicating the process by which
the decorative features/finishes are to be created together with a sample panel 10m²
on site of each type of concrete finish specified. All concrete surfaces that are
variously detailed as coloured, textured, stamped, stained, imprinted, patterned or
exposed aggregate shall meet the properties as displayed by the approved sample
panel. A number of panels may be required in order to achieve the required finish.
Smaller panels 600x600 are suitable to indicate colour and texture options. The
Contractor shall allow for this requirement in terms of time and cost within the tender.
Work shall not commence until both the methodology and sample panels are
approved.
2. Approval for the use of proprietary admixtures to increase strength, improve workability
and ensure adequate adhesion of the various products is to be obtained from the
Engineer prior to the commencement of work. If such is required to ensure that latent
defects, such as de-bonding and /or extensive cracking, do not take place, the
Contractor shall be deemed to have included for such even if it is not specifically
mentioned in the drawings or the specification.
2.10 CAST INSITU CONCRETE
A. Concrete for cast in situ paving shall be as specified in the Section 03300 ‘Concrete Works’
of the Specification. The surface finish shall be as detailed on the drawings, schedule of
finishes and as approved by the Engineer/Landscape Architect.
2.11 EXPOSED AGGREGATE CONCRETE
A. Samples of all aggregates proposed for use in exposed aggregate panels shall be supplied to
the Engineer/Landscape Architect for approval. 3mx3m sample panels of each exposed
aggregate finish are to be laid on site and approval obtained from the Engineer prior to
commencing site installation.
B. Where a textured or stamped pattern is specified on the drawings a proprietary colour

hardener and release agent may be used with the approval of the Engineer –refer to
0303.02.12. Point below. A full method statement is to be submitted together with detailed
shop drawings detailing full paving pattern, colours, finishes, expansion and control joints etc.
C. Finish as specified on the drawing and in accordance with the approved site samples.
Exposed aggregate insitu concrete shall be supplied by an approved supplier.
2.12 COLOURED/STAIN CONCRETE
A. Description of Material
1. White cement shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer and shall comply with
the relevant British Standard
2. All arises shall be clean plane and of uniform dimension. Wearing surface areas shall
not be less than 100% of the plan area.
3. Permissible tolerances shall be:
a. Length: + 2mm
b. Width: + 2mm
ENGINEERING OFFICE
c. Thickness: + 3mm
4. All concrete designated, as coloured and stain on plans and details shall contain
proper proportion of Chromix Admixture for colour conditioned concrete by L.M.
Scofield and available through HYDROTURF Dubai, or similar approved by the
5. The colour-conditioning admixture shall be a single component, coloured water
reducing, set-controlling admixture, factory formulated and packed in cubic meter
dosage increments, not multiple additives and pigments added separately into the mix.
The concrete shall contain a minimum of 400 kg of cement per cubic metre. No
calcium chloride shall be used. The slump shall not exceed 10 cm.
6. Where a textured or stamped pattern is specified on the drawings a proprietary colour
hardener and release agent may be used with the approval of the Engineer. A full
method statement is to be submitted together with detailed shop drawings detailing full
paving pattern, colours, finishes, expansion and control joints etc.
7. Finish as specified on the drawing and in accordance with the approved site samples.
8. All mix design, batching, placing, finishing, and curing shall be in accordance with
Scofield Tech Data Bulletins A-304 CHROMIX Admixtures.
9. Samples on site are to be prepared in advance of work commencing. Sample panels
are required to ensure that the colours, textures and finishes are to the satisfaction of
the landscape architect. Colour variation from batch to batch will not be accepted.
Each new batch is to be approved by the landscape architect.
10. No material will be accepted that fails to meet the above standards.
11. As much of the above will be proprietary products approved by the consultant, they can
only be changed with the consultant’s approval of a proprietary product that is
supported with its own technical data sheets and has a proven record of being used in
similar circumstances.
B. Quality Assurance
1. Manufacturer Qualifications: Manufacturer with ten (10) years experience in the

production of specified products.
2. Installer Qualifications: An installer with five (5) years local experience in the UAE.
experience with work of similar scope and quality.
3. Comply with the requirements of ACI 301.
4. Obtain each specified material from same source and maintain high degree of
consistency in workmanship throughout project.
5. Notification of manufacturer's authorized representative shall be given at least one (1)
week before start of Work.
6. Colour charts and small sample submittals provide only as a general indication of
colour; colour and appearance of completed work shall be consistent. The contractor
shall prepare large scale samples to demonstrate that proposed materials and
workmanship produce acceptable concrete appearance.
C. Quality required
1. The testing of paving slabs shall be in accordance with the provisions of Local Order
No. 44/90. A Certificate of Compliance is to be provided by the manufacturer at the
time of safe in accordance with item no. 12 of BS 6073.
2. The average compressive strength of the slab when sampled and tested in the manner
described below (BS 6717), shall be not less than 49 N/mm2 in wet conditions.
3. Water absorption tested in accordance with STMC 140 (3 specimen) shall not exceed
5% and no individual result shall exceed 7%.
4. Integrally Coloured/Stained Concrete Mock-ups:
a. Provide under provisions of 1.8 Muck-ups samples of this specifications. At
location on Project selected by Engineer/Landscape Architect, place and finish
area.
b. For accurate colour, the quantity of concrete mixed to produce the sample
should not be less than 1/3 the capacity of the mixing drum on the ready-mix
truck and should always be in full cubic meter increments. Excess material shall
be discarded according to Dubai municipality regulations.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
2.13 STONE (INCLUDING GRANITE, JORDANIAN STONE, MARBLE, SANDSTONE AND SLATE)
A. General
1. Natural stone included but not limited to Sandstone, Jordanian stone, Granite, Marble,
Slate shall be as describe in the materials schedule, particular specifications and
drawings and details.
2. Stone slabs, cladding or pavers are to be free from any defects that could adversely
affect the integrity of the material. They shall be free from any mark or defect on the
face visible in the completed works that could, at the Engineer/ Landscape Architects
discretion, mar the integrity or appearance of the finished work.
3. Samples submitted for the Engineer’s approval shall not be smaller than 3mx3m and in
the case of slabs for use in work where the patterning, colour, or matching of pieces is
of particular importance larger samples shall be provided upon the Engineer’s
instruction.
4. Colour and samples shall be submitted to the Engineer/Landscape Architect for
approval.
5. Stone slabs, cladding or pavers are to match the approved sample obtained from the
approved quarry/source.
6. The contractor shall confirm in writing that the quarry can supply the quantity required
for the project to the dimensions and quality stated in the project documents and this
confirmation shall be provided at the time of submitting the sample for approval.
B. Quality required
1. Material
a. All Granite, Sandstone, Slate, Jordanian Stone, Marble and Slate paving,
cladding and coping, and the like shall be of first quality natural stone. Free from
vents, cracks, fissures, discolouration or other defects deleterious to strength,
durability or appearance.
b. Before delivery to site, season thoroughly, dress and work in accordance with
shop drawings.
2. Colour, texture, patter, finish
a. The colours, tones and contrasts shall not visibly vary between batches. The
Colour, texture, pattern or finish of any single unit shall be consistent throughout
all units of the batch.
b. Colour and visual appearance shall be consistent through the continued supply
to an area. No visual change shall occur on joints. The supplied material shall be
the same as the sample provided for approval. If the supplied material differs
from the sample, the contractor shall replace as directed by the Engineer at the
contractors expense.
c. Material that is visibly different in colour, texture or finish shall only be supplied if
it is specified on the project documents, details and material schedule and with
the approval of the Engineer/Landscape Architect. Samples of such variation
shall be submitted and approved. The Contractor shall supply all samples at
their expense. Samples of paving slabs, coping, cladding, and the like shall be
provided in matched sets of three samples of each type, showing the full range
of colour, texture, pattern or finish variation. One set to maintained on site, and
one at the quarry (if applicable) for quality control. Before production
commences, the samples shall be made available to the Engineer/Landscape
Architect on site for approval of those of the samples, which will be acceptable.
3. Size
a. All Granite, Sandstone, Slate, Jordanian Stone, Marble and Slate paving
thickness shall be as shown in the construction details, material schedule or
approved by the Engineer/ Landscape Architect.
4. Compression Strength
a. The density of granite paving blocks shall be 2,650 kg/m3 or more when
measured in accordance with ASTM C 97.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
b. The compressive strength of granite paving blocks shall be 1,300 MPa when
c. The modulus of rupture of granite paving blocks shall be 10.3 MPa when
5. Water Absorption
a. The water absorption of granite paving blocks shall be 0.40% (maximum) when
b. The abrasion resistance of granite paving blocks shall be HA25 (minimum) when
measured in accordance with to ASTM C 241.
c. The flexural strength of granite paving blocks shall be 8.3 MPa when measured
in accordance with ASTM C 880.
6. Top Surface Finish
a. All Granite, Sandstone, Slate, Jordanian Stone, Marble and Slate paving, paving
shall be finished with a highly slip resistant, rough textured surface or as
indicated on drawings, schedule or approved by Engineer/Landscape Architect.
2.14 SEALANTS FOR NATURAL STONE WORK
A. Supply of matt finish sealant to sandstone.
B. The Contractor shall supply at time of tender a proposed matt finish sealant system with
required maintenance and reapplication rates. Sealant shall be applied to all sandstone.
C. The sealing system must meet the following requirements:
1. Compatible with the specified grouting and adhesive/mortar system.

2. Compatible with the mineral makeup of the sandstone.
3. Will achieve the required slip resistance coefficient.
4. Provide a written 5-year warranty for products and workmanship.
5. Provide protection (in co-ordination with cleaning and maintenance procedures) to
stone from everyday staining expected, including greasy foods, heel marks, cigarette
butts, irrigation over spray, algae and general grime and build-up.
D. The products used should be manufactured by a company certified to conform to the

requirements of the quality, environmental and occupational health & safety standards ISO
9002, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.
E. The contractor must make full allowance for all liaison, programming and coordination with
the sealant applicator to avoid any disruption to the paving process and to ensure efficient
paving and sealing operations to meet the requirements of the contract documents.
2.15 MORTAR/GROUT MATERIAL FOR NATURAL STONE WORK
A. Supply
1. The Contractor is responsible for the sourcing, supply, delivery and storage of al
mortar and grout materials associated with this contract. The Contractor shall make his
own allowances for wastage.
a. Portland Cement: Provide ASTM C-150 Portland Cement, Type 1 or II of natural.
b. Colour to match material, sample to be provided by contractor for approval.
c. Hydrated Lime: ASTM C 207, Type S.
d. Aggregates: ASTM C144 and is indicated below:
2. For joints narrower than 6mm use aggregate graded with 100% passing the No.8 sieve
and 95% of the 16 sieve. For pointing mortar, use aggregate graded with 100%
passing the No.16 sieve.
a. Coloured mortar/Grout pigments: Natural and synthetic oxides and chromium
oxides, compounded for use in mortar mixes. Use only pigments with record of
satisfactory performance in stone mortars. Colour shall be selected from the full
range of manufacture’s standard colours and shall be to Engineers approval.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
b. Water shall be clean non-alkaline, potable. Do not use water in latex modified
grout or mortar mixes.
c. Mortar materials provide latex modified Portland cement thick bed mortar to
comply with directions of latex additive manufacturer and as necessary to
produce stiff mixture with a moist surface at time stone is set.
i Thickset mortar additive Laticrete 3710 Mortar add mix or equal and
approved.
ii Adhesive coat Laticrete latex thinset mortar additive 4237 with 211 Crete
filler powder or equal and approved.
iii Bond coat Laticrete 4237 latex additive with 211 Crete filler powder.
iv Thickbed mortar to Engineers approval reinforcing mesh.
3. Grout Material: Provide latex modified Portland cement; factory blended grout to
comply with directions of latex additive manufacturer Laticrete Dry-set Grout or equal
and approved.
B. Stone Hanging System
1. Where and as necessary the Contractor shall propose a stone hanging system to
attach sandstone wall cladding. The Contractor shall submit a proposal to the Engineer
for approval. All materials and system shall be fit for the purpose and for use within
UAE conditions.
2.16 NATURAL STONE GRAVEL/PEEBLE COURSES
1. Natural Stone Gravel/Pebble courses are to match the approved sample obtained from
the approved quarry/source.
2. The Contractor shall confirm in writing that the quarry can supply the quantity required
3. The natural stone material shall be free from any mark or defect on the face visible in
the completed works that could, at the landscape architects discretion, mar the integrity
or appearance of the finished work.
4. Stone shall be hard durable gravel, clean, washed, without any fine material, free from
salts, organic material or other deleterious substances.
5. Gravel/Pebbles/boulders sizes, textures, colours and finishes shall be as describe in
the material schedule, drawings and details and particular specifications.
6. Samples of natural stone gravel/pebbles/ boulders showing true colour (washed, clean
material) and grades shall be submitted to the Engineer/Landscape architect for
approval.
7. Gravel/Pebbles shall be as describe on plans and details, material schedule and
particular specifications.
2.17 NATURAL STONE ROCKWORK
1. Natural Stone Rockwork is to match the approved sample obtained from the approved
quarry/source.
2. The Contractor shall confirm in writing that the quarry can supply the quantity required
3. All rockwork shall conform to the sizes indicated on the drawings. All rock shall be
locally sourced dense igneous stone, grey in colour or as specified on drawings and
material schedule, free of major fissures and clay deposits. All stone is to be hosed off
prior to delivery to site.
2.18 SOIL SEPARATOR/GEOTEXTILE FABRIC
ENGINEERING OFFICE
A. Soil separator/Geotextile fabric shall be non-woven 75% polypropylene / 25% nylon, weight
10g/m², 0.3mm thick, with good permeability to water. It shall be resistant to all naturally
occurring soil acidities and resistant to tearing and stress, manufactured by ICI ('plantex'),
Dupiant ('Terrain') or equal approved.
2.19 TILES
A. Unglazed ceramic tiles are to comply with the requirements of BSI 1286.
B. Glass Mosaic tiles are to comply with the requirements of Tile Council of America and
‘Standard Grade’ requirements under TCA 137.1-1976.
C. Description of Material
1. Ceramic tiles shall be extruded, grade 1 quality, produced with key-back profile
complying with DIN18166.
2. Tiles shall be acid and alkali resistant. Suitable for heavy duty purposes as
recommended by the manufacturer for similar building types. Tiles shall conform to
following requirements, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer/Landscape
Architect.
3. Ceramic Tiles Specified for external use shall be as specified on the drawings and
details, materials schedule and particular specifications.
4. Mock up samples 1000x1000 of all ceramic tiles mixes to be used including grouting
shall be prepared and submitted for approval of the Engineer/Landscape Architect.
D. Quality Required Ceramic Tiles
Property Minimum Requirement
Water Absorption: max 1.5%

Scratch Resistant: 5 mohs
Bending Strength: 20 N/mm2
Tolerance Allowance
Length & Width: + 1%

Thickness: + 10%
Straightness of sides: + 0.5%
Rectangularity: + 1%
Surface flatness: + 0.5%
E. Quality Required Glass Mosaic Tiles
Property Minimum Requirement
Water Absorption: max 0.5%

Abrasion Resistance: Index 750
Chemical Resistance: Acid resistant (except Flurohydric)
Bending Strength: 20 N/mm2
Visual Inspection: 50 Tiles without defect
Back: Raised Design
Warpage: <0.2% along any edge and either diagonal
Wedging: <0.2%
Mounting: To be uniformly mounted with joint width 1.46mm
Thermal Shocks: No failure after testing according to ASTMC-484
Bond Strength: 125 PSI
Resistance to Fading: Resistant to fading including UV
F. Tile Setting Materials
ENGINEERING OFFICE
1. Portland Cement
a. ASTM C 150 Type I or BSI 12, white where required.
2. Pigments
a. Pure mineral pigments
b. Resistant to alkalis
c. Non-fading
d. Weatherproof
e. Colours as required and approved by the Engineer
3. Potable Water
4. Sand
a. Conform to BS 1199/1200.
G. Tile Mortars and Grout
1. Concrete Screed
a. 28 day Cube Strength shall be 25 N/mm2.
2. Latex Mortar Setting Beds
a. One (1) part Portland cement with three (3) parts sand grain size 0-4 mm, mixed
dry and then gauged with a sufficient quantity of liquid latex additive.
b. Amount of gauging liquid required and the consistency of cement setting bed for
using a dry tamp method shall be as recommended by the manufacturer of the
liquid latex additive.
c. Resistant to the corrosion and chemicals.
3. Tile Adhesive
a. Impermeable to water and liquids.
b. Resistant to corrosion, chemicals.
c. Resistant to abrasion and mechanical loads.
d. Pre-bagged cementious material specifically manufactured for tile setting.
4. Tile Grout
a. Impermeable to water and liquids.
b. Resistant to corrosion and chemicals.
c. Resistant to abrasion and mechanical loads.
d. Resistant to bacteria.
e. Pre-bagged material specifically manufactured for tile.
f. Colours shall be as specified in drawings and detail, material schedule.
g. Options of colour available shall be submitted for approval of
H. Tile Sealant
1. Sealant to be a clear hardwearing coating to provide impermeable protection against

UV radiation, weathering and corrosion by acid or alkali. Sample to be approved by
the Engineer. Sealant shall not have a discernible visual effect upon the colour or
texture of the tile.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
A. The Contractor shall employ only appropriately skilled operatives in the laying of the specified
finishes. All work shall be carried out in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
Damaged or disfigured units shall not be used. Finished work shall have an even overall
appearance with even joint widths and free from any discolouration. Insitu concrete infill in
any area of work shall not be accepted unless approved by the Engineer.
B. Reconstruction of existing pavements
ENGINEERING OFFICE
1. Where due to the works the existing pavement has to be lifted and where it is not to be
replaced with a new paved surface the Contractor shall reconstruct the pavement as
specified with matching pavement tiles.
2. The Contractor shall replace any damaged or unstable pavement tiles with matching
material to the approval of the Engineer.
3. The existing paving shall be removed back to an unfractured subbase. The sub-base
shall be regraded, supplemented, compacted and blinded all as necessary to achieve
the required bedding surface.
4. Concrete blocks and pavement tiles shall be bedded as detailed and specified or shall
match the existing bed to the approval of the Engineer.
C. Service Covers
1. The levels of any existing and proposed service covers in special landscape feature
areas shall be adjusted as necessary to marry in with the proposed paving levels.
Paving to be set 6mm above drainage outlets and 3mm above kerbs to allow for
settlement.
2. Where directed, recessed man hole covers shall be used as specified and shall be
appropriate for infilling with the specified surface finish. Covers shall be in-filled to
match the adjacent paving pattern and joint lines.
3. Where possible paving shall be laid right up to the edge of the service covers. Any
existing concrete surrounding the covers shall be broken out.
D. Levels of Paving
1. Permissible deviation from specified levels to be +-3mm over 3m. Paving to be set
6mm above drainage outlets and 3mm above kerbs to allow for settlement.
E. Concrete Trim Foundations
1. Accurately cast concrete foundation for paving trims shall be laid as detailed and in
accordance with the Specification for concrete kerbs.
F. Protection of Completed Works
1. The Contractor shall provide adequate protection of all finishes until Substantial
Completion of the Works. The Contractor is responsible for ensuring all works are
adequately protected and, if the Contractor is working in the vicinity of works
completed by others that these too are adequately protected.
2. All paving bedded on mortar shall be kept free from pedestrian traffic for four (4) days
and vehicular traffic for ten (10) days after laying.
3. All pavings with dry, semi-dry or plastic mortar jointing shall be protected from rain,
dust storms, chemical attack and the harmful effects of heat, wind, flowing water,
vibrations and shocks by appropriate means for at least three (3) days immediately
after filling the joints.
4. In the event of a dispute over standards of materials, reparation and workmanship, it is
the responsibility of the contractor to be aware of the above British Standards copies
and ensure that the contractor is aware of his contracted responsibilities as described
in said standards. The above British Standards form part of the contract documentation
and, as such, are deemed to be included in the rates for the works.
3.2 PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS AND KERBS
A. Sub base
1. The sub-base shall be compacted to a field density not less than 95 percent of the
maximum dry density determined in accordance with BSI 1377 Part 4 (Method 3.5 or
3.6). Field density tests shall be carried out at a frequency of 2 tests per 1000 m² laid
or as directed by the Engineer/Landscape Architect.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
B. Laying Course
1. The laying course shall be laid to compacted thickness of 50mm plus a surcharge
necessary to provide the specified final bed thickness after vibration of the slab paving.
During laying the sand shall be carefully levelled to a smooth surface to receive the
paving slabs. No compaction of the sand layer and no traffic including pedestrian is to
be permitted before slabs are laid.
2. The laying course shall consist of sharp sand and BSI 882 with a particle size of 4mm
containing not more than 3% silt and/or clay by weight. The sand shall be obtained
from a single source, allowed to drain before use, and shall be covered with suitable
sheeting to minimize moisture changes. Permissible sulphate and chloride contents
shall not exceed 0.4% and 0.06% when tested in accordance with BSI 812 Part 118
and Part 117 respectively.
3. The profile of the laying course shall be similar to that of the finished surface. The
maximum deviation from the design levels shall be + 6mm.
C. Water Proofing
1. Water proofing system shall be prepared in accordance with the recommendation in

the general specification Section 0205 or as approved by the Engineer/Landscape
Architect.
D. Base and Edge Restraints
1. All bases should be prepared according to the general specification.

2. The edge restraints to the paved area shall be laid in advance of the laying course and
all obstacles within the area, such as manhole covers. Shall be constructed to the
correct finished levels.
3. To enable the paver course to be laid on a uniformly thick sand bed, it is essential that
the final surface profile is formed in the base.
4. The surface of the compacted sub-base must be close textured to prevent sand
migrating from the bedding course. A fine grit or equivalent binding material shall be
applied and surface vibrated to provide a close and smooth textured surface.
5. Construction of edge restraints / edge paving prior to laying paving course is required.
This restraint edge shall be a rigidly bedded and jointed construction with movement
joints provided approximately 6-10 metres centres.
6. The edge restraints must have 7 days to mature sufficiently and during this time they
must be suitably protected using waterproof covers. All edge restraints must be
suitably robust and shall have sufficient haunching with concrete prior to infilling with
base materials, laying course and /or pavers.
7. Edgings and quadrant shall be laid and bedded on a 3:1 sand/cement mortar bed not
less than 10mm and not more than 40mm thick on a foundation of concrete Grade 20
SRC.
E. Paver Laying
1. Prior to laying pavers, careful blending is required to ensure even distribution of colour
differential within the pack. Packs shall be distributed from corner to diagonally
opposite corner.
2. Pavers ready to be laid should not be stacked on prepared sand but rather should be
placed on boards back from the working face.
3. Use of recently laid paving should be minimized prior to compaction.
4. Regular checking of joint alignment and pattern layout is essential.
F. Paver Cutting
1. Cutting of pavers shall be carried out with a mounted cutting saw with a diamond
tipped blade. No mechanical splitters are to be used.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
2. Cuts must be clean and free of chipping or splits of any kind. Any paver that show
splitting or chipping in a way that affects the quality of the work, shall not be used and
be removed from the work area.
G. Mortar Bedding
1. Mortar bedding shall consist of freshly mixed moist mortar 1:3 cement: sand mortar
with plasticiser as required, using sand complying with BS 882 grading M or F.
2. The mortar shall be spread to achieve a nominal compacted thickness of 25mm after
bedding the slabs.
3. Mortar which has been mixed for more than one (1) hour shall be discarded.
4. Pavers shall be laid on a full mortar bed and bedded down to line and level with a
pavers maul.
5. Where units are laid with close joint (i.e. 2 to 4mm) jointing sand shall be brushed into
the joints.
6. Where units are laid with a wide joint (i.e. 6 to 10mm) filling shall take place according
to drawings, details and material schedule. The filling of the joints shall be approved
by the Landscape Architect.
H. Sand Bedding
1. The laying course shall consist of bedding sand with moisture content of between 3%
and 7% which shall be reasonably constant through laying.
2. The bedding sand shall be spread to permit a compacted nominal thickness after
bedding of 40mm. The uncompacted thickness of sand shall depend on the nature and
moisture content of the sand and the Contractor shall carry out a trial area to ascertain
the necessary surcharge.
3. The units shall be laid directly onto an uncompacted sand bedding laying course.
4. The units shall be bedded down into the sand using a paver’s maul or where
appropriate a rubber faced vibrating plate to the Engineers approval shall be used.
5. No units shall be laid within 500mm of an unrestrained edge of the screeded sand
layer.
6. Units shall be laid with joints 2-4mm wide with jointing sand brushed into the joints.
I. Mortar Pointed Joints
1. Mortar mix shall be semi dry cement: sand to BSI 882 grading limits M, proportions as
specified and coloured as required by the Engineer.
2. The paving shall be dry prior to jointing. The joints shall be carefully and thoroughly
filled with mortar using a proper pointing tool and slotted masking shield.
3. The joint shall be flush, recessed or raised as detailed or as required by the Engineer.
4. Any mortar stains or droppings on the face of the paving shall be removed.
5. Immediately after jointing the paving shall be covered.
J. Sand Filled Joints
1. The paving shall be dry prior to jointing.

2. Jointing sand shall be brushed into the joints and knocked down as required by
tamping the paving carefully with maul. This operation shall be repeated until the joints
are filled solid and flush.
K. Joint Filling and Compaction
1. After each 20m² or such area that has been agreed with the Engineer/Landscape
architect has been laid the pavers shall be compacted to the required levels using a
plate vibrator
2. Prior to compaction of pavers, fine jointing sand shall be brushed into joints.
3. Pavers and sand must be dry during this process.
4. Surplus sand must be brushed away before pavers are compacted.
5. Laying course sand is not acceptable for this process.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
6. Compactor type must comply with BSI 7533: Part 3: Annex F. OR The plate vibrator
shall be plate area of 0.20 to 0.35 m²and have a compaction force of 12-24 KN and
frequency of approximately 75-100Hz as appropriate for the material.
7. A minimum of two passes of the plate vibrator shall be made in each direction, i.e. at
90 degrees to each other. Vibration shall continue until no further compaction of the
sand layer is apparent. Fine dry sand with particles size of 0.3mm shall then be
brushed over the paving until the sand is no longer absorbed into the joints.
8. The plate vibrator shall not pass closer than 1m to a temporarily unrestrained edge
during laying.
9. No paving shall remain uncompacted overnight, or during other lengthy breaks in
construction, except for the one metre strip at the temporarily uncompacted edge,
which shall be covered and protected from rain.
10. On completion the finished surface level shall be within 6mm of the design level and
the maximum deviation within the compacted surface, measured by a 3m straight
edge, shall not exceed 6mm. The level of any two adjacent pavers shall not differ by
more than 2mm. Any areas of paving which do not comply with these tolerances shall
be removed, and sand laying course lifted and re-laid and the paving blocks re-laid to
the correct levels.
11. Dimensional accuracy, uniformity of joint gaps, alignment and squareness shall be
checked after paving the first three rows of pavers and thereafter at regular intervals. If
joints begin to open the pavers shall be knocked together using the hide mallet.
L. Construction Tolerances
Tolerance of surface levels

Layers of pavement Maximum
permissible
deviation from the
design level mm
Sub-layer Sub-base +10
-15
Road-base 0
-12
Surface Overall +3
course -3
Tolerance of laying course thickness
Thickness mm Tolerance mm
50 +15
-20
30 +12
0
Surface regularity
Flatness 6 mm under 3m straight edge
Level 2mm between adjacent joints
The surface course should be between 5mm and 10mm above adjacent gullies
and between 3mm and 6mm above surface drainage channels and outlets. It is
important to avoid ponding at these locations
M. Post Construction Procedures
1. During the period immediately following completion and up to handover, any settlement
in sand joints shall be topped up.
3.3 CAST INSITU CONCRETE
A. General
1. Refer Section 03300 ‘Cast in Place Concrete’.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
B. Sub grade
1. The sub grade shall be prepared in accordance with the recommendation in the
Section 02315 ‘Excavation and Fill’.
C. Sub base
1. The sub-base shall be compacted to a field density not less than 95 percent of the
maximum dry density determined in accordance with BSI 1377 Part 4 (Method 3.5 or
3.6). Field density tests shall be carried out at a frequency of 2 tests per 1000 m² laid
or as directed by the Engineer/Landscape Architect.
D. Edge Restraints/ Features
edge restraints, header courses or decorative features are to be placed in or adjacent
to the cast in situ work. Work shall not commence until the methodology is approved.
E. Jointing
1. An indicative laying pattern is detailed on the drawings. The Contractor shall provide
shop drawings detailing the location of all construction and control joints. As a guide for
a 75mm depth slab crack control joints shall be laid to encompass every 9 m²of
surface. Linear slabs (paths) will generally require a joint every 1.5 times the width of
the path. Crack control joints shall be saw cuts 3-4mm wide to a depth of 1/3 of the
slab thickness. A full depth construction joint shall be installed for every 30 m²laid and
to the base of any obstruction, building edge and the like. A full construction joint is
required wherever a change in concrete mix, laying condition, depth of slab etc.
occurs. A proprietary jointing system shall be nominated by the Contractor for us in all
Construction joints to the approval of the Engineer.
2. Care shall be taken in the jointing design around curves and obstructions. Joints shall
run from the diagonal of a right angle obstruction. Joints to a circular manhole or
similar shall run away from the obstruction from 4 points similar to a compass.
3. The jointing/ pattern drawing shall be submitted to the Engineer. Any change to the
drawing is to be agreed with the Engineer prior to such change being implemented on
site.
F. Finishes
the decorative features/finishes are to be created together with a sample panel 3mx3m
on site of each type of concrete finish specified. All concrete surfaces that are
variously detailed as Coloured, Textured, Stamped, Imprinted, Patterned or Exposed
Aggregate shall meet the properties as displayed by the approved sample panel. A
number of panels may be required in order to achieve the required finish. Smaller
panels 600x600 are suitable to indicate colour and texture options. The Contractor
shall allow for this requirement in terms of time and cost within the Tender. Work shall
not commence until both the methodology and sample panels are approved.
2. Approval for the use of proprietary admixtures to increase strength, improve workability
and ensure adequate adhesion of the various products is to be obtained from the
Engineer prior to the commencement of work. If such is required to ensure that latent
defects, such as de-bonding and /or extensive cracking, does not take place, the
Contractor shall be deemed to have included for such, even if it is not specifically
mentioned in the drawings or the specification.
G. Completion
H. On completion the finished surface level shall be within 6mm of the design level and the
maximum deviation across the surface, measured by a 3m straight edge, shall not exceed
ENGINEERING OFFICE
6mm. The level of any two adjacent slabs shall not differ by more than 2mm. Any areas
which do not comply with these tolerances shall be removed and re-laid.
3.4 STONE (INCLUDING GRANITE, JORDANIAN STONE, MARBLE AND SANDSTONE)
A. Stone slabs, cladding or pavers are to be sawn cut or as otherwise stated on the drawings.
They shall be worked fully square from faces for the full width and thickness of the piece or
as otherwise shown on the drawings for particular pieces.
B. Cut paving units neatly and accurately with masonry saw to give true junctions with edgings
and adjoining finishes. Edges shall not be chipped or corners broken, and will be rejected if
chipped or broken. Repair with silicones, glues, masticks or any other method will not be
accepted.
C. Lines and levels of finished surface shall be smooth and even to prevent ponding.
D. Lay paving units upwards from the bottom of slopes where creep may occur.
E. Setting Out
1. The setting out of paving and related features is to be submitted in detailed Contractors
shop drawings which shall take into account actual site conditions.
2. Granite Slabs to be laid on concrete and screed as covered in the general specification.
F. Acceptance of Base
1. Before starting work ensure that the base is sound, clean, suitably close textured, free
from movement under compaction and free from compaction ridges, cracks and loose
material, and the levels and falls of the base are as detailed, within the tolerance
specified.
2. Drainage outlets are to be within +0 to –10mm of the required finished level.
3. The units shall be solidly bedded on a mortar mix of 1 part cement to 5-6 parts clean
sharp sand by volume. Alternatively the units may be bedded on a semi-dry mix
consisting of 1 part cement to 3 ½ - 4 parts sand by volume (12:4-4 ½ by weight) to
BSI 882.
4. The units shall be dampened on the back with clean water and tapped into position
with a mallet. They shall be laid butt jointed with no visible gaps between units with
joints at least 3mm wide. Any bed material brought to the surface at the joints shall be
wiped from the face of the stone with a damp sponge or cloth immediately the stone is
in position.
5. Finished paving to have an even overall appearance with no joints showing. Joints to
be free of mortar and any other unnatural stains.
6. Movement joints in the paving and bed should be sited every 10m or as approved on
working drawings to suit patterns or fixed objects.
7. Perimeter and intermediate movement joints shall be incorporated in the paving in
accordance with the recommendations of BSI 6213 Part 5; 1990 Section 6.
G. Levels of Paving
1. Permissible deviation from specified levels to be +-3mm over 3m. Paving to be set
6mm above drainage outlets and 3mm above kerbs to allow for settlement.
H. Regularity
1. Sudden irregularities not permitted.

2. Where appropriate in relation to the geometry of the surface, the variation in gap under
a 3m straight edge placed anywhere on the surface to be not more than 6mm.
3. Paving bedded on mortar must be kept free from pedestrian traffic for 4 days and
vehicular traffic for ten (10) days after laying.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
4. Restrict access to paved areas as necessary to prevent damage from site traffic,
especially oil and diesel spillage.
3.5 NATURAL STONE GRAVEL/PEBBLE COURSES - LAYING
A. Loose Stone Mulch
1. Where detailed the fill areas shall be regraded, filled with suitable matching material
and compacted as specified to the approval of the Engineer.
2. The subgrade shall be graded to even running falls to achieve the detailed levels
against paved and planted areas.
3. The surface of the subgrade shall have all stones and similar material larger than
25mm removed. The subgrade surface shall be free from all rivulets, crusting and
caking.
4. The sub-grade shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer prior to the laying of
the gravel.
5. Laying of Gravel/Pebbles shall be to the depths as indicated on the drawings. All
Gravel/Pebbles are to be laid on an approved geotextile fabric over a compacted
subgrade. The subgrade and if required a 50mm layer of levelling sand shall have
sufficient crossfall to ensure adequate drainage. Gravel shall be raked, rolled, and
watered as necessary to achieve a smooth surface of even depth to even running falls
in accordance with the layout detailed on the drawings and on the approval of the
Engineer.
B. Wet Bedded Stone Paths/Bunding/Cladding
1. Subgrade
a. Excavation and Preparation: All bases shall be prepared according to the
General Specification.
2. Base and Edge Restraints/ Pre Existing Surfaces
a. Thoroughly examine all surfaces to receive work of this Section and notify
Engineer in writing of all conditions which would adversely affect this work.
b. Do not commence work in any area where such notice of adverse conditions has
been sent to the Engineer, until corrective work has been completed or waived.
c. Starting of work in any area without issuance of such notice should constitute
acceptance of conditions in the area by the applicator.
d. Applicator shall be responsible for the satisfactory results of his work. Any
defects occurring thereafter shall be corrected without additional charge to the
Employer.
e. Allow slabs to dry adequately before applying materials.
f. At the direction of the Engineer, perform simple calcium-chloride test to ensure
concrete surfaces are free of contained moisture prior to commencement of
work.
g. All bases should be prepared according to the General Specification.
h. To enable the horizontal stone course to be laid on a uniformly thick sand bed, it
is essential that the final surface profile is formed in the base.
i. The surface of the compacted sub-base must be close textured to prevent sand
migrating from the bedding course. A fine grit or equivalent binding material shall
be applied and surface vibrated to provide a close and smooth textured surface.
j. Construction of edge restraints / edge stones prior to laying mainfield is required.
This restraint shall be rigidly bedded and jointed construction with movement
joints provided approximately 6-10 metres centres.
k. The edge restraints must have 7 days to mature sufficiently and during this time
they must be suitably protected using waterproof covers. All edge restraints
must be suitably robust and shall have sufficient haunching with concrete prior to
infilling with base materials, laying course and /or pavers.
l. Edgings and quadrant shall be laid and bedded on a 3:1 sand/cement mortar
bed not less than 10mm and not more than 40mm thick on a foundation of
concrete Grade 20 SRC.
3. Stone Laying
ENGINEERING OFFICE
a. Prior to laying stones, careful blending is required to ensure even distribution of

colour. Loads shall be distributed from corner to diagonally opposite corner.
b. Stone ready to be laid should not be stored on prepared sand but rather should
be placed on boards back from the working face.
c. Regular checking of joint alignment, joint width and pattern layout is essential.
4. Mortar Bedding
a. Mortar bedding shall consist of freshly mixed moist mortar 1:3 cement: sand
mortar with plasticiser as required, using sand complying with BSI 882 grading
M or F.
b. The mortar shall be spread to achieve a nominal compacted thickness of 25mm
after bedding the stone.
c. Mortar which has been mixed for more than one (1) hour shall be discarded.
d. Stone shall be laid on a full mortar bed and bedded down to line and level with a
pavers maul.
e. Rounded stone shall be laid so as each individual stone is in contact with at
least three adjacent stones. Mortar shall be in contact only with the lower/rear
75% of the stone or as indicated in the drawings. Mortar shall fill the entire
cavity under/to the rear and around each stone.
f. Care shall be taken to avoid mortar staining the upper/front surface of the stone.
All excess mortar shall be brushed from the stone work prior to the mortar
setting.
g. Stone bedded on mortar must be kept free from pedestrian traffic for 4 days and
vehicular traffic for ten (10) days after laying.
5. Movement Joints
a. Movement joints in the stone work and bed should be sited every 10m or as
approved on working drawings to suit patterns or fixed objects.
b. Perimeter and intermediate movement joints shall be incorporated in the
stonework in accordance with the recommendations of BSI 6213 Part 5; 1990
Section 6.
6. Tolerances
a. On completion the finished surface level of each stone shall be within 6mm of
the design level and the maximum deviation across the stone surface, measured
by a 3m straight edge, shall not exceed 6mm. The upper level of any two
adjacent stones shall not differ by more than 2mm. Any area which does not
comply with these tolerances shall be removed, and re-laid to the correct levels.
3.6 TILES – LAYING
A. Condition of Surfaces
1. Thoroughly examine all surfaces to receive work of this Section and notify Engineer in
writing of all conditions which would adversely affect this work. Do not commence work
in any area where such notice of adverse conditions has been sent to the Engineer,
until corrective work has been completed or waived. Starting of work in any area
without issuance of such notice should constitute acceptance of conditions in the area
by the applicator.
2. Applicator shall be responsible for the satisfactory results of his work. Any defects
occurring thereafter shall be corrected without additional charge to the Employer.
3. Allow slabs to dry adequately before applying materials.
4. At the direction of the Engineer, perform simple calcium-chloride test to ensure
concrete surfaces are free of contained moisture.
5. Fill all cracks in sub-surfaces using approved crack-filler in accordance with
manufacturer's printed instructions.
6. Under layment used to correct floor slabs with surfaces not constructed to specified
tolerances shall be as Specified in Section 0302.12 - ‘Cast-In situ Concrete’ of this
specifications.
7. Small dips and minor imperfections on the floor surface shall be corrected using
specified latex levelling mortar as part of the work under this Section at no additional
cost to the Employer.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
B. Allowable Variations in Substrata Levels
1. Mortar Set Walls and Ceilings: 1/400 distance or 6mm total maximum variation from
planes shown.
2. Thin-Set Work: Same as allowable variation in finished work.
C. Preparation
1. Wash substrata with 10% solution of muriatic acid as may be required to remove
curing compounds or other substances that would interfere with proper bond of
specified mortar for tiles.
2. Rinse with water to remove all traces of acid. Seal substrata with sealer as
recommended by manufacturer of mortar.
D. Installation
1. Tiling shall conform to BSI 5385. and the appropriate International Standards for
external tiling works.
2. The Contractor shall submit shop drawings detailing each pattern, colour, trim units
etc. and obtain approval from the engineer prior to commencing work.
3. Comply with the manufacturers' instructions for the installation of each material
required. Surfaces to receive tile finish shall be clean and free of all foreign matter
detrimental to the bond.
4. Areas in which tile work is being done shall be closed to traffic until the installation has
set.
5. Lay out work so that no tile less than half size occurs.
6. Verify locations of accessories before installing tile. Co-ordinate with electrical and
other trades.
E. Allowable Variations in Finished Work
1. Do not exceed the following deviations from level and plumb and from elevations,
locations, slopes and alignments shown:
2. Walls: 1/800 run, any direction; +/- 3mm at any location; 0.8mm offset at any location.
3. Joints: +/-0.8mm joint with variation at any location; 1/600 run for deviation from plumb
and true; and for other variations in alignment of joints.
4. Lay out tile work in pattern shown on the approved shop drawings using full tile and
trim shapes.
5. Centre tile fields in both directions in each space or on each wall area and adjust to
minimise tile cutting.
6. Use uniform joint widths for tiles as recommended by the tile manufacturer.
7. Extend tile work into recesses and under equipment and fixtures in the spaces shown
or scheduled to receive tiles and as instructed by the Engineer.
8. Form a complete covering without interruptions except for control and expansion joints
and as required.
9. Terminate work neatly at obstructions, edges and corners without disruption of pattern
or joint alignments.
F. Adhesive Installation
1. Use appropriate adhesive for setting tiles where adhesive installation is shown.
Adhesive to be submitted for approval.
G. Control Joints
1. The Contractor shall submit shop drawings indicating the alignment of all Control and
Construction joint. Joints shall be formed between tiles as shown on the Drawings to
the full depth of tiles, bedding and render.
2. Joints are to be 10mm wide and are to be filled to within 8mm of surface with invert
filler and finished approved sealant in colour to match tile jointing.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
H. Grouting
1. Do not commence grouting for at least 24-hours after placing of tile.

2. Follow specific instructions of listed standards.
3. Mix and apply in strict accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
4. Grout wall and floor tiles with indicated grout mixed to a workable stiff consistency in
accordance with manufacturer's directions.
5. Force maximum grout into joints with trowel or squeegee.
6. Before grout sets, strike or tool joints to base of cushion and fill all skips and gaps.
7. Do not permit setting bed materials to show through grouted joints.
8. Cure grout joints by maintaining damp condition.
I. Sealant Application
1. Apply grout sealant in joints where ceramic tile terminates at thresholds, surface
drains, control/construction joints and other areas indicated. Co-ordinate with trades
affecting these items.
2. Apply tile sealant to all porous or non-glazed works as per the manufacturer’s
instructions. All sealants are to be approved by the Engineer prior to application.
J. Cleaning and Protection
1. After tile has thoroughly set, sponge and wash tile thoroughly and diagonally across
joints.
2. Remove all surface cement and take care not to damage tile or adjacent materials.
3. Do not use acid cleaners.
4. Finally, clean all tiles using dry cloths.
5. Remove from the site and legally dispose of at the end of each day, all cartons, rubbish
and debris resulting from the work of this Section.
6. Protect tiles after cleaning with non-staining heavy craft paper or other approved
coverage.
7. Replace torn or worn paper until acceptance of the building by the Employer.
K. Maintenance Literature
1. Upon completion of all work specified herein, the Contractor shall furnish to the
Employer, literature on the ‘Care of Ceramic Tiles’ for future maintenance use.
PART 4 - GLASSFIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE (GRC)
4.1 GENERAL
A. Glass reinforced concrete elements shall be manufactured by a specialist supplier approved

by the Engineer/Landscape Architect.
B. The specialist together with the Contractor shall be responsible for the design and stability of
each unit to a wind speed of 35 meters per second with a safety factor of 3.
C. The Contractor shall be responsible for the co-ordination in all respects between the GRC
supplier and any other supplier or sub-contractor concerned with any element, material
process and the like which might support, interface or interfere with the GRC panels.
D. The specialist supplier shall prepare detailed drawings and structural calculations of each
element and its fixings. These drawings shall be submitted by the Contractor to the Engineer
for his written approval which must be obtained prior to commencement of manufacture.
4.2 G.R.C MATERIALS
ENGINEERING OFFICE
A. GRC materials and products shall only be obtained from ‘Specialists’.
B. Finishes shall be as shown on the Drawings and specified by the Engineer. Acceptable
variations in texture, colour and appearances shall be agreed by the Engineer on a range of
samples.
C. The finished panels shall be free from surface imperfections such as blowholes, voids, ridges
or any other defects that will be visible in the finished condition, as the approved samples.
D. Elements shall be manufactured so as to prevent water penetration.
E. Materials used for making the GRC units shall comply with relevant British Standards. Any
reference to a British Standard shall mean that current at the time to going to Tender. Where
materials are fully covered by this Specification or alternative materials are offered, the
Contractor shall forward to the Engineer full details of those he proposes to use for approval
prior to commencing the work.
F. Cement shall be ordinary Portland cement complying with BSI 12 as stated in the Concrete
Specification and shall be obtained from one source throughout manufacture. The Contractor
shall obtain test certificates from the cement suppliers showing the results of cement strength
tests, so that an early indication may be obtained of possible low strength of GRC units
resulting from low cement strengths.
G. The glass fibre shall be Cem-fila glass fibre or other equal and approved.
H. The Contractor shall ensure that any admixture used by the manufacturer are approved by
the Engineer and do not have any harmful effects on the proposed elements.
I. Sand shall have 98% minimum silica content by weight with a maximum moisture content of
2% by weight and a particle size between 1mm and 150 microns. The material shall be as
approved by the Licensor/Engineer.
J. Fillers shall only be used in accordance with recommendations of the Manufacturer to

improve the GRC properties or to assist the manufacture of the material. The Contractor shall
seek prior written approval from the Engineer before using any fillers.
K. Water used in the manufacture of the elements shall be clean, fresh and potable.
L. Release agents shall be applied and used according to recommendations and to the
Engineer's approval.
4.3 MANUFACTURE
A. The elements shall be manufactured by spraying a uniform mixture of glass fibre and cement
matrix during the application process.
1. The glass fibre and cement slurry shall be metered to the spray head at rates to
achieve the desired mix proportion and glass content. These shall be checked prior to
spray up of each element in accordance with test methods CEM/QC/002 and 003.
Distribution of fibre in the mix shall be controlled by the operator in such a way as to be
as uniform as possible.
2. All weight and volume measurements of mix constituents shall be carried out in a
careful manner such that the correct mix proportions are achieved.
3. Wet mixing and spray application shall be carried with equipment and to procedures
approved by the Licensor. These shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
4. Cleanliness of equipment and working procedures shall be maintained at all times.
B. Elements, etc., shall be manufactured using a spray technique as approved by the Licensor.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
C. Spray applicators shall be experienced personnel whose proficiency meets the standards set
by the Licensor.
D. Mist coats consisting of the basic composition without fibre may if necessary be sprayed onto
the moulds. The thickness of this coating shall not exceed 0.5mm maximum in order to avoid
an unreinforced surface.
E. Spray-up of the main body of material shall proceed before any mist coat has set.
F. The method of spraying the main body of material shall achieve the greatest possible
uniformity of thickness and fibre distribution.
G. Consolidation shall be by rolling and such other techniques as approved by the manufacturer
which are necessary to achieve complete encapsulation of fibres and full compaction.
H. Control of thickness shall be achieved by using a pin-gauge or other method approved by the
Engineer.
I. All hand forming of intricate details, incorporation of formers or infill material, and over-
spraying shall be carried out before the material has achieved its initial set so as to ensure
complete bonding.
J. The Contractor shall agree the detailed construction of the elements with the Engineer.
Details of the agreed method of construction shall be recorded by the Contractor in drawing
form.
K. The elements shall be manufactured to the tolerance specified for precast cladding in B.A
C.P.297 with the addition that thickness of the GRC material skin shall be to the specified
thickness with a tolerance of - 0mm and + 4mm.
L. Immediately after the completion of spraying of the element a curing method shall be adopted
in order to achieve sufficient strength for the demoulding process.
M. On demoulding, the elements shall be uniformly supported in a way agreed between

Contractor and Engineer, but this shall nevertheless be the Contractor's responsibility; all
elements shall then be transferred to the curing enclosure.
N. Curing shall be continued after demoulding to the method agreed by the Engineer. The curing
conditions shall be such as to provide free water on the surface of the elements and an
adequate level of temperature.
O. At the completion of the curing period external cladding elements shall be stored inside
before receiving any treatment. The coating shall be applied in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations particularly with regard to the time and method of
application of the coating.
P. Elements, etc., shall be handled, stored and transported in such a way that no damage or
marking of the architectural surfaces occurs and so that the elements are not subject to
undue stress.
Q. All elements, etc., shall be identified individually to indicate the type and date of manufacture.
R. Making good of architectural surfaces shall only be permitted on approval of the Engineer.
Structural making good will not be permitted and the Contractor shall replace at his expense
any element so condemned.
S. Any panel not complying with the specification shall be declared unacceptable.
T. Details of the methods of transport and erection and site storage shall be agreed between the
Contractor and the Engineer.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
U. The safety and protection of the GRC units shall be ensured throughout the whole of the
contract until the issue of the Certificate of Completion.
4.4 TEST BOARDS/TESTS, ETC.
A. Test boards shall be produced at a frequency agreed between the Engineer and Contractor,
but will be as a minimum manufactured in parallel with the first and last element of each days
production by each spray team. (The actual frequency of testing required will depend upon
the production rate and quality). In order to provide sufficient data to establish compliance an
initial increased rate of production of test boards may be required.
B. The test board shall be large enough to enable the test coupons to be cut from it without
using the area at the edge of the test board which may be of uneven thickness.
C. When the element is removed from the curing area the test board shall be transferred to the
quality control laboratory for testing as detailed.
1. The methods described are those from the Pilkington Quality Control Test booklet.
Where quality control testing is carried out continuously the number of specimens may
be reduced in agreement with the Engineer and Contractor.
2. The GRC from which the elements, etc., are to be made shall have the following
properties on completion of curing.
a. Characteristic Modulus of Rupture (MOR) 21 N/mm²
b. Characteristic Limit of Proportionality (LOP) 8 N/mm²
3. 'Characteristic' MOR or LOP shall have the same general meaning as used for
Characteristic Strength in B.S. C.P.110.
4. The glass content shall be determined on each freshly sprayed test board by the wash-
out method CEM/QC/004.
5. Test for Modulus of Rupture (MOR) shall be carried out in accordance with test method
CEM/QC/007.
6. The Limit of Proportionality (LOP) shall be determined from the load/displacement
curve during modulus of rupture testing above.
7. The density of the cured material shall be the oven dry bulk density determined by the
test method CEM/QC/006.
8. If considered necessary additional tests may be specified by the Engineer.
4.5 QUALITY CONTROL
A. Quality control of GRC being produced shall be carried out by monitoring test results on a
statistical basis in accordance with the GRCA Specification. Samples for glass content
determination shall be taken from the test board immediately after spraying.
B. Within 48 hours of completion of the cure schedule the test board shall be cut into test
coupons and the MOR, LOP and density measured.
C. Requirements shall be as follows:
1. Glass Content. The glass content of the GRC shall not be less than 5% by weight.
2. Modulus of Rupture. A characteristic MOR Mk of 21 N/mm² is to be achieved. This is
defined as the value which 95% of all the mean strengths of individual test boards shall
exceed.
a. The average MOR needed to achieve Mk is the overall target mean MOR MTM
and MTM = Mk = 1.64 * SD. Where SD is the standard deviation of the
accumulated test board (mean MOR's, or of the last 40 results if more than 40
test boards have been processed).
3. Density. The density of the GRC shall exceed 1.80 tonnes/m³.
4. Results of the individual test board mean MOR and LOP values will be treated
statistically for compliance with the following conditions:
ENGINEERING OFFICE
a. No single test board mean result shall fall below 85% of the characteristic value.
b. The average of overlapping groups of four successive results must be greater
than the characteristic value (Mk Lk) plus half the Margin (where the Margin is
the difference between the characteristic and Target Mean prior to the last four
results, i.e. MTM - Mk and LTM - Lk).
D. In the event of any result or results not fulfilling the requirements, the elements that the
results represent shall be deemed defective. Where non-compliance has occurred the current
standard deviation up to and including the low results should be calculated. From this, a new
temporary margin may be calculated and used to re-assess the results, against the
compliance requirement in consultation with the Engineer. It should be understood that where
non-compliance has occurred, all elements represented by the four results may be deemed
defective.
4.6 PRELIMINARY TESTING AND SAMPLES
A. The Engineer shall require preliminary testing to be carried out before the Contractor
commences with the actual mix, equipment, personnel and technique proposed for
manufacture to ensure that the following can be achieved.
1. That the modulus of rupture and quality control requirements can be achieved.
2. That the quality of the finished product is acceptable. Once approved the finished
samples shall be retained on sit by the Engineer as the standard which all elements
shall attain prior to fixing in position.
3. A relationship between any special curing regime for quality control proposed and the
curing of the actual product.
B. Results of tests shall be submitted before manufacture is due to commence. Failure to

achieve the quality control requirements will mean re-testing to a modified mix design or
manufacturing method.
4.7 MIX DESIGN
A. Mix designs shall have been determined by the Contractor in conjunction with the Licensor
and submitted to the Engineer for approval before work commences.
B. The choice of a mould release must be compatible with architectural finishes and be
approved by the Engineer.
C. Proposals for forming internal ribs and incorporating infill shall be submitted to the Engineer
for approval. Where sandwich construction is employed, the core material shall comply with
the Licensor's recommendations for material and use.
D. The material and manufacture of the moulds shall be consistent with the type and quality of
the surface finish required for the element, with the tolerance specified and to the Engineer's
approval.
4.8 FIXINGS
A. Fixing shall be stainless steel (or as approved by the Engineer) and details of incorporation
should also follow the recommendations of the Licensor.
B. A safety margin of 7 - 10 of ultimate test load/design working load is required for all fixings.
4.9 WORKMANSHIP AND CONSTRUCTION
A. Access shall be allowed to the Engineer at all stages of the work for inspection of all
processes and elements being manufactured.
ENGINEERING OFFICE
B. The Contractor shall provide a means for producing a replacement element at any time
during the Contract. Moulds shall be adequately cured to eliminate shrinkage and distortion
and shall be properly braced. Moulds shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer
before production commences.
C. One or more samples of a typical unit shall be manufactured to the agreed detailed
construction and submitted for load testing, as specified by the Engineer.
D. An agreed number of small samples typical of the manufacture and finish specified are to be
submitted to the Engineer for architectural approval. Approved samples must be clearly
marked and kept safely on site and further approved comparable samples are to be kept
safely by the Contractor so that a preliminary approval of manufactured units can be made.
E. The Contractor shall ensure that the existing concrete works shall support the erection of the
proposed GRC elements and should there be insufficient support available the Contractor
shall be responsible for providing such support to the approval of the Engineer.
F. The Contractor shall propose, manufacture and install the GRC elements shown on the
Drawings, all to the Engineer's approval.
END OF SECTION 02700

ENGINEERING OFFICE SITE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS

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ENGINEERING OFFICE SITE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS

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ENGINEERING OFFICE

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 02700 - BASES, BALLASTS, PAVEMENTS AND APPURTENANCES

PART 1 - PART 1 - GENERAL

A. Specifications are to be read in conjunction with the whole document.

1.2 MATERIALS NOT SPECIFIED IN THIS DOCUMENT

1.3 RELATED REFERENCES

1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:

1.4 LEVELS, REFERENCE POINT AND SETTING OUT POINTS

1.5 RELATED WORKS

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

C. Requirements of Regulatory agencies: Perform pavement placing on public property in

B. Verification Samples: Submit representative samples of each element that is to be used in

1.10 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE

1.11 PROJECT CONDITIONS

1.13 EXTRA MATERIAL

1.15 MATERIALS SPECIFIED BY CLIENT

B. The following materials are covered:

C. This section shall include performance of concrete work as specified in:

2.3 SUB BASE

A. Sub base shall be as specified in Division 3 ‘Concrete’.

A. Cement shall be sulphate resisting cement to BSI 4027 or AASHTO M85-80.

2.5 MORTAR SAND

A. Sand for general purpose mortars to BSI 1200 Table 1.

2.6 BEDDING SAND

SIEVE SIZE PERCENTAGE PASSING

C. Sand shall be free from deleterious salts and contaminants.

2.7 JOINTING SAND

B. Submit samples of colours for Engineer/Landscape Architect approval.

2.9 PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS, EDGINGS AND KERBS

Water Absorption <7.0%

3. Under no circumstances shall pavers that fail to meet these requirements be

2.10 CAST INSITU CONCRETE

2.11 EXPOSED AGGREGATE CONCRETE

B. Where a textured or stamped pattern is specified on the drawings a proprietary colour

2.12 COLOURED/STAIN CONCRETE

1. Manufacturer Qualifications: Manufacturer with ten (10) years experience in the

2.14 SEALANTS FOR NATURAL STONE WORK

A. Supply of matt finish sealant to sandstone.

C. The sealing system must meet the following requirements:

1. Compatible with the specified grouting and adhesive/mortar system.

D. The products used should be manufactured by a company certified to conform to the

2.15 MORTAR/GROUT MATERIAL FOR NATURAL STONE WORK

B. Stone Hanging System

2.16 NATURAL STONE GRAVEL/PEEBLE COURSES

2.17 NATURAL STONE ROCKWORK

2.18 SOIL SEPARATOR/GEOTEXTILE FABRIC

D. Quality Required Ceramic Tiles

Property Minimum Requirement

Water Absorption: max 1.5%

Length & Width: + 1%

E. Quality Required Glass Mosaic Tiles

Property Minimum Requirement

Water Absorption: max 0.5%

F. Tile Setting Materials

G. Tile Mortars and Grout

1. Sealant to be a clear hardwearing coating to provide impermeable protection against

B. Reconstruction of existing pavements

E. Concrete Trim Foundations

F. Protection of Completed Works

3.2 PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS AND KERBS

1. Water proofing system shall be prepared in accordance with the recommendation in