INDU 6121 (4 - Diet Problem)

Diet Problem
 A low-cost diet that would meet the nutritional

needs of a specific person.
Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

Diet Problem
2

 Different foods
 bread, milk, cheese, potato, fish, yogurt

Diet Problem
3

 Different foods
 With different contents

 fat, protein, carbohydrate, calorie

Diet Problem
4

 Different foods
 With different contents

 fat, protein, carbohydrate, calorie
Different foods
Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200
Cost ($/unit) 2 3.5 8 1.5 11 1 To be Minimize!

Diet Problem
5
 How make a diet of foods

 respecting the content constraints,
 to minimize the diet cost.
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
6
What are the decision variables?
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
7
𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 : The amount of food type 𝑖𝑖 to consider in the diet.
𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥4 𝑥𝑥5 𝑥𝑥6

Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
8
min 2𝑥𝑥1 + 3.5𝑥𝑥2 + 8𝑥𝑥3 + 1.5𝑥𝑥4 + 11𝑥𝑥5 + 𝑥𝑥6 Minimization of

total cost

Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
9
90𝑥𝑥1 + 120𝑥𝑥2 + 106𝑥𝑥3 + 97𝑥𝑥4 + 130𝑥𝑥5 + 180𝑥𝑥6 ≥ 200 Calories

Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
10
15𝑥𝑥1 + 11.7𝑥𝑥2 + 0.4𝑥𝑥3 + 22.6𝑥𝑥4 + 0𝑥𝑥5 + 17𝑥𝑥6 ≥ 100 Carbohydrate

Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
11
𝑥𝑥1 + 5𝑥𝑥2 + 9𝑥𝑥3 + 0.1𝑥𝑥4 + 7𝑥𝑥5 + 𝑥𝑥6 ≤ 80 Fat

Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
12
4𝑥𝑥1 + 8𝑥𝑥2 + 7𝑥𝑥3 + 1.3𝑥𝑥4 + 8𝑥𝑥5 + 9.2𝑥𝑥6 ≥ 150 Protein

Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
13
𝑥𝑥1 ≥ 0
𝑥𝑥2 ≥ 0
𝑥𝑥3 ≥ 0
𝑥𝑥4 ≥ 0
𝑥𝑥5 ≥ 0
𝑥𝑥6 ≥ 0

Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
14
 What if we have many different types of foods?
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
15
 How would you write the objective function if we have 100 food types?
Different foods
Bread … Yogurt Constraints
protein (g) 4 … 7 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 … 9 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 … 0.4 ≥ 100
Calories 90 … 106 ≥ 200
Cost ($/unit) 2 … 8 To be Minimize!

Diet Problem
16
min 2𝑥𝑥1 + 3.5𝑥𝑥2 + 8𝑥𝑥3 + 1.5𝑥𝑥4 + 11𝑥𝑥5 + 𝑥𝑥6 + 4.7𝑥𝑥7 + 12𝑥𝑥8 + 14𝑥𝑥9
+ 21𝑥𝑥10 + 4.1𝑥𝑥11 + 8.3𝑥𝑥12 + 6𝑥𝑥13 + 23𝑥𝑥14 + 12.4𝑥𝑥15 + 𝑥𝑥16 + 3.5𝑥𝑥17 + 8𝑥𝑥18
+ 1.5𝑥𝑥19 + 11𝑥𝑥20 + 𝑥𝑥21 + 3.5𝑥𝑥22 + 8𝑥𝑥23 + 1.5𝑥𝑥24 + 11𝑥𝑥25 + 𝑥𝑥26 + 3.5𝑥𝑥27
+ 8𝑥𝑥28 + 1.5𝑥𝑥29 + 11𝑥𝑥30 + 𝑥𝑥31 + 3.5𝑥𝑥32 + 17.23𝑥𝑥33 + 1.5𝑥𝑥34 + 71𝑥𝑥35
+ 𝑥𝑥36 + 3.5𝑥𝑥37 + 8𝑥𝑥38 + 1.8𝑥𝑥39 + 11𝑥𝑥40 + 𝑥𝑥41 + 3.5𝑥𝑥42 + 8𝑥𝑥43 + 1.5𝑥𝑥44
+ 19𝑥𝑥45 + 𝑥𝑥46 + 3.5𝑥𝑥47 + 8𝑥𝑥48 + 1.7𝑥𝑥49 + 43𝑥𝑥50 + ⋯
Different foods
protein (g) 4 … 7 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 … 9 ≤ 80
Calories 90 … 106 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
17
100
min � 𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖

𝑖𝑖=1
Different foods
protein (g) 4 … 7 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 … 9 ≤ 80
Calories 90 … 106 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
18
100

𝑖𝑖=1
This is a parameter
Means that it is given as data (input) to our model.
Different foods
protein (g) 4 … 7 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 … 9 ≤ 80
Calories 90 … 106 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
19
100
min � 𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 This is a decision variable

𝑖𝑖=1
Means that the value is
unknown. We have to decide
about it.
This is a parameter
Means that it is given as data (input) to our model.
Different foods
protein (g) 4 … 7 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 … 9 ≤ 80
Calories 90 … 106 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
20
100

𝑖𝑖=1
Different foods
protein (g) 4 … 7 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 … 9 ≤ 80
Calories 90 … 106 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
21
100
min � 𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 min � 𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖

𝑖𝑖=1 𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
Where 𝐼𝐼 = {1, … , 100}.
Different foods
protein (g) 4 … 7 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 … 9 ≤ 80
Calories 90 … 106 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
22
 What if we have many different types of contents?
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

fat (g) 1 5 9 0.1 7 1 ≤ 80
Carbohydrate (g) 15 11.7 0.4 22.6 0 17 ≥ 100
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
23
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
24
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
Content 𝒋𝒋 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ≤ ≤ 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
25
 How would you write the constraints for 1000 types of contents?
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
26
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
27
… ≥... Content 2
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
28
… ≥... Content 2
…
… ≥... Content 1000
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
29
𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ≤ � 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 ≤ 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑗𝑗 ∈ {1, … , 1000}

𝑖𝑖=1
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
30
𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ≤ � 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 ≤ 𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑗𝑗 ∈ 𝐽𝐽

𝑖𝑖=1
The set of
contents
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
31
This is the number of food types

6

𝑖𝑖=1
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
32

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
33

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
Different foods
protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Calories 90 120 106 97 130 180 ≥ 200

Diet Problem
34
Compact formulation: min � 𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
6

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 ≥ 0 𝑖𝑖 ∈ 𝐼𝐼

Diet Problem
35
Inputs
- 𝐼𝐼: The set of foods
- 𝐽𝐽: The set of contents
-𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖 : Per unit cost of food 𝑖𝑖.
-𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 : The amount of content
𝑗𝑗 in one unit of food 𝑖𝑖.
-𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 : The maximum amount of
content 𝑗𝑗 in the diet.
-𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 : The minimum amount of
content 𝑗𝑗 in the diet.
Diet problem
- Choose a combination of different foods such that
- The constraints on the minimum and maximum values of contents are respected.
- The total cost to make the diet is minimized.

Diet Problem
36
min Total cost

Subject to:
For each content, the maximum and minimum limit must be respected.
𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 can take non-negative values.
Decision Variable
𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 = The amount of food type 𝑖𝑖 to consider in the diet.
Inputs
- 𝐼𝐼: The set of contents
-𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 : The amount of content 𝑗𝑗 in one unit of food 𝑖𝑖.
-𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 : The maximum amount of content 𝑗𝑗 in the diet.
-𝑎𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 : The minimum amount of content 𝑗𝑗 in the diet.
Diet Problem
37

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
Subject to:
For each content, the maximum and minimum limit must be respected.
Decision Variable
Inputs
- 𝐽𝐽: The set of foods
Diet Problem
38

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
Subject to: 6

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
Decision Variable
Inputs
Diet Problem
39

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
Subject to: 6

𝑖𝑖∈𝐼𝐼
𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 ≥ 0 𝑖𝑖 ∈ 𝐼𝐼
Decision Variable
Inputs

INDU 6121 (4 - Diet Problem)

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Diet Problem

 A low-cost diet that would meet the nutritional

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

 A low-cost diet that would meet the nutritional

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

 A low-cost diet that would meet the nutritional

 With different contents

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

 A low-cost diet that would meet the nutritional

 With different contents

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

 How make a diet of foods

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

What are the decision variables?

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 : The amount of food type 𝑖𝑖 to consider in the diet.

𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥4 𝑥𝑥5 𝑥𝑥6

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

min 2𝑥𝑥1 + 3.5𝑥𝑥2 + 8𝑥𝑥3 + 1.5𝑥𝑥4 + 11𝑥𝑥5 + 𝑥𝑥6 Minimization of

𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥4 𝑥𝑥5 𝑥𝑥6

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

90𝑥𝑥1 + 120𝑥𝑥2 + 106𝑥𝑥3 + 97𝑥𝑥4 + 130𝑥𝑥5 + 180𝑥𝑥6 ≥ 200 Calories

𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥4 𝑥𝑥5 𝑥𝑥6

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

15𝑥𝑥1 + 11.7𝑥𝑥2 + 0.4𝑥𝑥3 + 22.6𝑥𝑥4 + 0𝑥𝑥5 + 17𝑥𝑥6 ≥ 100 Carbohydrate

𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥4 𝑥𝑥5 𝑥𝑥6

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

𝑥𝑥1 + 5𝑥𝑥2 + 9𝑥𝑥3 + 0.1𝑥𝑥4 + 7𝑥𝑥5 + 𝑥𝑥6 ≤ 80 Fat

𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥4 𝑥𝑥5 𝑥𝑥6

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

4𝑥𝑥1 + 8𝑥𝑥2 + 7𝑥𝑥3 + 1.3𝑥𝑥4 + 8𝑥𝑥5 + 9.2𝑥𝑥6 ≥ 150 Protein

𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥4 𝑥𝑥5 𝑥𝑥6

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥4 𝑥𝑥5 𝑥𝑥6

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

 What if we have many different types of foods?

Bread Milk Cheese Potato Fish Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 8 7 1.3 8 9.2 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University

 What if we have many different types of foods?

Bread … Yogurt Constraints

protein (g) 4 … 7 ≥ 150

Hossein Hashemi Doulabi Mathematical Modeling Concordia University