Professional Documents
Culture Documents
http://me.hku.hk/bse/MEBS6008/
• Basic equations
• Darcy-Weisbach Equation (for fully developed
flows of all Newtonian fluids)
2 2
L
V L
V
p f or h f
D 2 g D 2 g
• Colebrook-White Equation (for transition region):
1 9.3
1.14 2 log( D / ) 2 log 1
f Re( / D ) f
• * The equation is implicit in f (appears on both sides), so
iterations are required to solve for f.
Pipe Systems and Design
Continuity equations:
Q12 Q13 QJ1 QJ 2 QJ 3
Q21 Q23 QJ 2 (or Q12 Q23 QJ 2 )
H-equations (by substituting the Q above):
1 / n12 1 / n13
H1 H 2 H1 H 3
QJ 2 QJ 3
K12 K13
1 / n12 1 / n23
H1 H 2 H2 H3
QJ 2
K12 K 23
Pipe Network Analysis
• Design issues
• Design water temperature
• Flow rate
• Piping layout
• Pump selection
• Terminal unit selection
• Control method
Water Systems in HVAC
• Design principles
• Constant flow? Variable flow? Intermittent flow?
• Direct return piping or reverse return piping
• Direct return riser & reverse zone piping
• Design factors
• Pump speed controls
• Pressure distribution
• System balancing
• Thermal expansion & joints (or loops)
Water Systems in HVAC
• Piping materials
• Chilled water: black & galvanized steel
• Hot water: black steel, hard copper
• Condenser water: black steel, galvanized ductile iron, PVC
• Flow rate measurements
• Venturi, nozzle & orifice flowmeters
• Variable area flowmeters (rotameters)
• Turbine flowmeters
Water Systems in HVAC