► GKUv verb Gi c‡i Av‡iKUv verb _vK‡j wK nq?

A. V1 → bare infinitive/ base form of verb

B. (to + V1) → infinitive
C. (V1 + ing) → gerund
D. V3 → past participle form of verb
 E. All of above (Dc‡ii me¸‡jv)

■ †h verb ¸‡jvi c‡i mvaviYZ bare infinitive nq:

Let, make, help, see, hear, overhear, bid, observe, watch, notice, modals &
semi-modals BZ¨vw` verb ¸‡jvi c‡i object _vK‡j Ges Gi c‡i Av‡iKwU verb _vK‡j D³ verb wUi
bare infinitive/ base form (V1) nq|
Viz:
a) Tina saw him go to college.
b) We heard the lady sing a sad song.
c) Tania saw him go to college.
d) The little boy helped me solve the sum.
e) Let the boy speak the truth.

■ †h verb ¸‡jvi c‡i mvaviYZ infinitive nq:

Advise, ask, afford, agree, appear, arrange, attempt, beg, care, consent,
decide, demand, desire, desire, expect, fail, forget, happen, hope, hesitate,
hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare, proceed,
promise, pretend, remember, refuse, regret, seem, strive, struggle, try,
threaten, wait, want, wish, yearn BZ¨vw` verb ¸‡jvi c‡i Av‡iKwU verb _vK‡j D³ verb wU
infinitive (to + V1) nq|
Viz:
a) Tina advised him to go to college.
b) We wanted to solve the brainteaser.
c) Rupa forgot to send me the mail.
d) The little boy tried to meet the headmaster.
e) Mahmuda pretended to be smart.
■ †h verb ¸‡jvi c‡i mvaviYZ gerund (V1 + ing) nq:
Admit, appreciate, avoid, begin, be worth, can’t help, couldn’t help,
commence, complete, confess, consider, defend, detest, deny, dislike, enjoy,
evade, explain, fancy, fear, feel (like), finish, keep, love, like, mention, miss,
mind, necessitate, omit, practise, quit, recall, report, risk, remain, shun,
start, stop, suggest, tolerate, understand, warrant BZ¨vw` verb ¸‡jvi c‡i Av‡iKwU
verb _vK‡j D³ verb wU gerund (V1 + ing) nq|
Viz:
a) We don’t mind taking coffee.
b) Please, stop writing.
c) Rupa likes chatting with me.
d) The boy enjoys playing ludo.
e) Unfortunately, Munia missed taking part in the seminar.
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■ GKUv verb Gi c‡i Av‡iKUv verb _vK‡j hLb V3 nq:
mvaviYZ hLb passive voice G _vKv †Kvb adjective clause wU reduced n‡q hvq, ZLb reduced
clause Gi verb wUi V3 nq|
Viz:
1. Adj clause: I bought a book which was written by Humayun Ahmed.
Reduced Adj clause: I bought a book written by Humayun Ahmed.
2. Adj clause: Police will find out the boy who was kidnapped yesterday.
Reduced Adj clause: Police will find out the boy kidnapped yesterday.
3. Adj clause: We want the box which has been found in the cave in 1996.
Reduced Adj clause: We want the box found in the cave in 1996.

Verbs followed by a gerund or infinitive with little to no change in meaning:

can't bear, couldn’t bear, can't stand, couldn’t stand, cease, continue, hate, like,
love, neglect, prefer, propose, start etc.

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