STEM – Precalculus

Lesson 1

Conic Sections:
The Equation of the
Circle
Teacher: Ms. Lory Mae Alcosaba
Most Essential Learning
Competencies

Define a circle, find

Illustrate the
its general equation
different types of
and graph in center-
conic sections, and
radius form
 Four conic
sections

Agenda
Degenerate case
of conic sections

The Equation of
Circle
Conic Section cone axis

• Or simply conics,
are figures or
n o n d e g e n e r a te Upper
c u r ve s fo r m e d b y nappe
t h e i n te r s e c t i o n vertex
of a plane with a Lower
double napped nappe generator
r i g ht c i r c u l a r
cone.

Circular base
https://www.geogebra.org/
m/hGvXW3Dy
 Circle Parabola Ellipse Hyperbola

The plane is The plane is tilted The plane is tilted The plane intersects
perpendicular to the parallel to one (and slightly and intersects both nappes to form
axis of the cone and only one) generator only one nappe of the two unbounded
intersects each and intersects only cone to form a curves.
generator. one nappe of the cone bounded curve.
to form an unbounded
curve.
 I f t h e p l a n e c o n ta i n s t h e v e r t e x , i t fo r m w h a t a r e
r e fe r r e d to a s d e g e n e r a t e c o n i c s : a p o i n t, o n e l i n e , a n d
t wo l i n e s ( i n te r s e c t i n g l i n e s )

Point Line Pair of intersecting lines

 Definition of Circle
A c i r c l e i s t h e s et o f a l l y
P (x, y)
points in a plane that
a r e e q u i d i s ta n t f r o m a
f i xe d p o i n t c a l l e d t h e r
c e n te r. T h e d i s ta n c e
f r o m t h e c e n te r to a n y
C (h, k)
point on the circle is
called the radius of the 0
x
c i r c l e , d e n o te d b y r ,
where r > 0
 Equation of a Circle
y
P (x, y)
L et t h e c e n te r o f a c i r c l e b e
at the fixed point C (h, k).
r
L e t t h e r a d i u s b e e q u a l to r .

Then, if P (x, y) is any point C (h, k)

o f t h e c i r c l e , t h e d i s ta n c e
0
f r o m C to P i s e q u a l to r . . x
 Equation of a Circle
y 𝑑 = ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 1 ) 2 + ( 𝑦 2 − 𝑦1 ) 2

𝑪𝑷 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2+(𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 𝑟
P (x, y)
r
(𝑥 − ℎ)2+(𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 𝑟 2
C (h, k) C e n t e r - r a d i u s fo r m o r s ta n d a r d fo r m
of the equation of a circle.
0
x
The graph of an equation of this
fo r m i s a c i r c l e w i t h c e n te r a t ( h , k )
a n d r a d i u s e q u a l to r.
 Equation of a Circle
y
I f t h e c e n te r o f a c i r c l e i s a t
origin (h=0, k=0) and the radius
is r, its equation is, P (x, y)
r
(𝑥 − 0)2+(𝑦 − 0)2 = 𝑟2
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
C (h, k)
0
Center -radius
fo r m o r s ta n d a r d
x
for m of the The graph of an
equation of a e q u a t i o n o f t h i s fo r m
circle. i s a c i r c l e w i t h c e n te r
at origin and radius
e q u a l to r.
 Equation of a Circle
y y

P (x, y)
r r P (x, y)

0
C (h, k) C x
0
x

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐+(𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
 EXAMPLE #1
Determine the standard equation of the circle given the coordinates
of its center and the length of its radius.
1 1
A. Center at (2, -3) and r = 3 B. Center at , and r = 6
2 4
 EXAMPLE #2
Given the standard form of the equation, find the coordinates of the
center and the radius of each of the following:
A. 𝑥 + 9 2 + 𝑦 − 1 2 = 25
1 2 16
B. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 − =
4 9
C. 𝑥 − 6 2 + 𝑦2 = 15
 EXAMPLE #3
Determine the standard form of the equation of the circle defined by
4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 24𝑦 + 1 = 0

TRANSFORMING THE EQUATION OF A CIRCLE FROM GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM AND VICE VERSA
 EXAMPLE #4
Determine the general form of the equation of the circle defined by
𝑥+5 2+ 𝑦−6 2 =4

TRANSFORMING THE EQUATION OF A CIRCLE FROM GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM AND VICE VERSA
 EXAMPLE #5
What is the equation of a circle having a diameter with endpoints at
D(4, 5) and A(-2, 3)
 EXAMPLE #6
Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (1, -2) and passes
through the point (-2, -3).
Module Assignment