ECS448 CHAPTER 7 Influence Line

ECS 448- CHAPTER 7 – Influence Line for beam
ECS 448
CHAPTER 7.0
INFLUENCE LINE FOR

BEAMS
Prepared by
OH CHAI LIAN (T1-A13-2A)

Faculty of Civil EngineeringUitm Shah Alam
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
LEARNING OUTCOME (Week 13):
By completing this chapter, students shall be able to:
1.0 Draw influence line for determinate beam support

reactions, shear and moment when dealing with
moving concentrated load, uniform distributed load and
variable loads.
2.0 Determine the the location of moving loads that
produce maximum support reactions, shears and
moments at one specific point.

Introduction to Influence Line

 Civil Engineering structures are subjected to various
dead and live load conditions.
 Live loads can be specified into 2 catogories:

Natural live loads – wind, snow, earthquake.
Predictable moving loads – railway trains on railroad
bridge, mobile crane girder..
 Influence Line are the visual aids that help the

designer to understand structural behavior under
moving loads conditions, and to decide where to
position live loads for maximum effect.

INFLUENCE LINE FOR

(a) Beam Support Reactions
(b) Beam Shears
(c) Beam Moments

10m
Crane
Girder
1kN

INFLUENCE LINE FOR BEAM SUPPORT REACTIONS

10m
4m 3m
L R
Weld A Weld B
1kN

PROCEDURE ANALYSIS: TABULATE VALUES

1kN
10m
1kN
RL=1.0 RR=0
1m 9m
RL=0.9 1kN RR=0.1

2m 8m
RL=0.8 1kN RR=0.2

4m 6m
RL=0.6 1kN RR=0.4

5m 5m
1kN
RL=0.5 RR=0.5
7m 3m
1kN
RL=0.3 RR=0.7
10m
RL=0 RR=1
PROCEDURE ANALYSIS: INFLUENCE LINE EQUATION

1kN
10m
RL RR
M R  0; 
x RL (10)  (10  x)(1)  0
1
1.0 0.9
RL  1  x
0.8 10
0.7 0.6 0.5 1
0.4
0.3 0.2 RR  1  RL  x
0.1 10
0
Influence Line For RL

0.9 1.0
0.8
0.6 0.7
0.4 0.5
0.1 0.2 0.3

0
Influence Line For RR

INFLUENCE LINE FOR BEAM SHEARS

Since the welds must be able to transmit the shear between joining section, it is
important to determine the shear value at each weld location, A and B.
4m
1kN 1kN
MA
xm 6m
RL VA VA=0.6
1kN 1kN RR=0.4
4m
VA=0 VA=0.4
RL=1.0 1kN RR=0.6
1kN
2m 2m
VA=-0.2 VA=0.2
RL=0.8 1kN RR=0.8
4m 1kN
VA=-0.4 VA=0
RL=0.6 RR=1.0 Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

There are two influence line equations due to the discontinuty of the shear at A.
1
RL  1 
4m 4m
x
1kN 1kN 10
MA MA
xm xm 1
RR  1  RL  x
RL VA RL VA 10
0 x4 4  x  10
   Fy  0;    Fy  0;
 1  1 1 
V A  1  x   1   x VA  1   x 
 10  10  10 
Influence Line For VA 0.6
+
0 0
_
0.4
4m 6m
SHEARS AT WELD B
7m
1kN 1kN
MB
xm 3m
RL VB VB=0.3
1kN 1kN RR=0.7
2m
VB=0 VB=0.2
RL=1.0 1kN RR=0.8
1kN
4m 1m
VB=-0.4 VB=0.1
RL=0.6 1kN RR=0.9
7m
VB=-0.7 VB=0 1kN

RL=0.3 RR=1.0


There are two influence line equations due to the discontinuty of the shear at B.
1
RL  1 
7m 7m
x
1kN 1kN 10
MB MB
xm xm 1
RR  1  RL  x
RL VB RL VB 10
0 x7 7  x  10
   Fy  0;    Fy  0;
 1  1 1 
VB  1  x   1   x VB  1   x 
 10  10  10 
Influence Line For VB

0.3
+
0 _ 0
0.7
7m 3m
INFLUENCE LINE FOR BEAM MOMENTS

1
RL  1  x
4m 4m 10
1kN 1kN 1
xm
MA
xm
MA
RR  1  RL  x
10
RL VA RL VA
0 x4 4  x  10
  M A  0;   M A  0;
 1   1  4
M A  1  x (4)  1(4  x)  0.6 x M A  1  x (4)  4  x
 10   10  10
Influence Line For MA
2.4
+
0 0
4m 6m
INFLUENCE LINE FOR BEAM MOMENTS

1
RL  1  x
7m 7m 1kN 10
1kN 1
xm
MB
xm
MB
RR  1  RL  x
10
RL VB RL VB
0 x7 7  x  10
  M B  0;   M B  0;
 1   1  7
M B  1  x (7)  1(7  x)  0.3x M B  1  x ( 7 )  7  x
 10   10  10
Influence Line For MB
2.1
+
0 0
7m 3m
EXAMPLE 1: INFLUENCE LINE FOR ONE

CONCENTRATED LOAD ON BEAM
10kN
A D B E
2m 2m 2m 1m
Draw influence line for:

i. Reaction force RA
ii. Reaction force RB
iii. Shear Force VD
iv. Bending Moment MD

10kN
Remarks
A D B E (a) Problem
(a)
C (b) Idealize the problem and
put a moving unit load 1kN.
2m 2m 2m 1m (c) Draw influence line for RA:
1kN   M B  0;
x
6 x
(b) RA (4)  (6  x)(1)  0  RA 
4
1.5 RA RB x 0 2 4 6 7
(i) 1 RA 1.5 1 0.5 0 -.25
0.5
0
(c)
-.25 (d) Draw influence line for RB
RA MAXIMUM = 1.5 X 10 = 15kN
  Fy  0;
1 1.25
6 x x2
0.5 RA  RB  1  0  RB  1  
(ii) 4 4
(d) x 0 2 4 6 7
0
RB -.5 0 0.5 1 1.25
-0.5
RB MAXIMUM = 1.25 X 10 = 12.5kN

10kN
Remarks
A D B E (a) Problem
(a)
C (b) Idealize the problem and
put a moving unit load 1kN.
2m 2m 2m 1m (e) Find the equation for shear.
Load within C-A
1kN x 1kN
x M
C A D
(b)
6 x V
RA 
RA RB 4
Load within A-D

x 1kN
Load within C-A 0x2 V = 0.25(6-x)-1 M
(e) C A D
Load within A-D 2x4 V = 0.25(6-x)-1
6 x V
Load within D-B & B-E 4x7 V = 0.25(6-x) RA 
4
(iii) Load within D-B & B-E

0.5 x 1kN
0.5 M
C A D
0 0 6 x V
RA 
4
-0.5 -0.25
VD MAXIMUM = 0.5 X 10 = 5kN

10kN
Remarks
A D B E (a) Problem
(a)
C (b) Idealize the problem and put
a moving unit load 1kN.
2m 2m 2m 1m (f) Find the equation for moment.
Load within C-A
1kN x 1kN
x M
C A D
(b)
6 x V
RA 
RA RB 4
Load within A-D

x 1kN
Load within C-A 0x2 M = [0.25(6-x)(2)]-[1(4-x)] M
(f) C A D
Load within A-D 2x4 M = [0.25(6-x)(2)]-[1(4-x)]
6 x V
Load within D-B 4x7 M = [0.25(6-x)(2)] RA 
4
& B-E
(iv) Load within D-B & B-E
x 1kN
1 M
C A D
0 0 6 x V
RA 
4
-1 -0.5
MD MAXIMUM = 1 X 10 = 10kNm

EXAMPLE 2: INFLUENCE LINE FOR SERIES

OF CONCENTRATED LOAD ON BEAM
4kN 3kN
B
A
C
4m 3m 3m

i. Max Shear Force VC
ii. Max Bending Moment MC

4kN 3kN

B
A i. Max Shear Force VC
C
Solution:
4m 3m 3m Trial & Error
1kN Load within A-C Load within C-B

X x 1kN
x
1kN
M M
C A C A C
10  x
RA  10  x V 10  x V
10 RA  RA 
10 10
Load within A-C 0x4 V = 0.1(10-x)-1 M = 0.1(10-x)(4)-1(4-x)

Load within C-B 4x10 V = 0.1(10-x) M = 0.1(10-x)(4)
2.4
0.6
0 0 0 0
C C
-0.4
4kN
3kN
0.6
0.3
0 0 Vmax  4  0.6  3  0.3  3.3kN
C
-0.4
4kN
3kN
2.4 M max  4  2.4  3 1.2  13.2kNm
0 0
C

EXAMPLE 3: INFLUENCE LINE FOR

UNIFORM LOAD ON BEAM
4kN/m
B
A
C
3m
4m 6m
By using influence line, determine for:

i. Max Shear Force VC
ii. Max Bending Moment MC

4kN/m Remarks
B (a) Problem
A
3m C (b) Idealize the problem and put
4m 6m
(c) Find the equation for shear.
x
Load within A-C
1kN/m
x 1kN/m
M
A C
(b)
1m
10  x V
RA RB RA 
10
Load within C-A 0x4 V = [0.1(10-x)]-[1(1)] Load within C-B 1kN/m
Load within A-D 4x10 V = [0.1(10-x)] (f) x M

A C
  0.6  0.3  10  x V
Vmax(  ve )  43   5.4kN RA 
(i) 0.3   2  10
-0.1
  0.1  0.4 
Vmax(  ve )  43   3.0kN
  2 
4kN/m Remarks
B (a) Problem
A
3m C (b) Idealize the problem and put
4m 6m
(d) Find the equation for moment.
x
Load within A-C
1kN/m
x 1kN/m
M
A C
(b)
1m
10  x V
RA RB RA 
10
Load within A-C 0x4 M = [0.1(10-x)(4)]-[1(4-x)] Load within C-B
Load within C-B 4x10 M = [0.1(10-x)(4)] (d) 1kN/m

x M
A C
10  x V
(ii) RA 
10
To Find y:
y y y 2.4
  y  0.6(4  x)  Eqn1
4 x 4
x y 2.4
4-x 3-x 3+x   y  0.4(3  x)  Eqn 2
3 x 6
  1.68  2.4  -0.5 x  1.2m; y  1.68m
M max  43   24.5kNm
  2 
Muller-Breslau Method
• The Muller-Breslau Principle states that the influence line for a
function is to the same scale as the deflected shape of the beam
when the beam is acted upon by the function.
1. Influence Line for Support Reaction

2. Influence Line for Shear 3. Influence Line for Moment

ECS 448-
10kNCHAPTER 7 – Influence Line for beam
A D B E
C Discuss Example 1 by
Muller-Breslau
2m 2m 2m 1m Method
1.5 Draw influence line for:
1 i. Reaction force RA
0.5
0 ii. Reaction force RB
-.25 iii. Shear Force VD
1 1.25
iv. Bending Moment MD
0.5
0
-0.5
0.5 0.5
1
0 0
-0.5 -0.25
1
0 0
-1 -0.5 Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

THE END……..

ECS448 CHAPTER 7 Influence Line

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ECS448 CHAPTER 7 Influence Line

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ECS 448- CHAPTER 7 – Influence Line for beam

INFLUENCE LINE FOR

OH CHAI LIAN (T1-A13-2A)

LEARNING OUTCOME (Week 13):

By completing this chapter, students shall be able to:

1.0 Draw influence line for determinate beam support

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

Introduction to Influence Line

 Live loads can be specified into 2 catogories:

 Influence Line are the visual aids that help the

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

INFLUENCE LINE FOR

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

INFLUENCE LINE FOR BEAM SUPPORT REACTIONS

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

PROCEDURE ANALYSIS: TABULATE VALUES

RL=0.9 1kN RR=0.1

RL=0.8 1kN RR=0.2

RL=0.6 1kN RR=0.4

PROCEDURE ANALYSIS: INFLUENCE LINE EQUATION

Influence Line For RL

0.1 0.2 0.3

Influence Line For RR

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

INFLUENCE LINE FOR BEAM SHEARS

PROCEDURE ANALYSIS: INFLUENCE LINE EQUATION

Influence Line For VA 0.6

VB=-0.7 VB=0 1kN

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

PROCEDURE ANALYSIS: INFLUENCE LINE EQUATION

Influence Line For VB

INFLUENCE LINE FOR BEAM MOMENTS

INFLUENCE LINE FOR BEAM MOMENTS

EXAMPLE 1: INFLUENCE LINE FOR ONE

Draw influence line for:

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

Load within A-D

(iii) Load within D-B & B-E

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

Load within A-D

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

EXAMPLE 2: INFLUENCE LINE FOR SERIES

Draw influence line for:

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

Draw influence line for:

4m 3m 3m Trial & Error

1kN Load within A-C Load within C-B

Load within A-C 0x4 V = 0.1(10-x)-1 M = 0.1(10-x)(4)-1(4-x)

2.4 M max  4  2.4  3 1.2  13.2kNm

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

EXAMPLE 3: INFLUENCE LINE FOR

By using influence line, determine for:

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

Load within C-A 0x4 V = [0.1(10-x)]-[1(1)] Load within C-B 1kN/m

Load within A-D 4x10 V = [0.1(10-x)] (f) x M

Load within A-C 0x4 M = [0.1(10-x)(4)]-[1(4-x)] Load within C-B

Load within C-B 4x10 M = [0.1(10-x)(4)] (d) 1kN/m

1. Influence Line for Support Reaction

2. Influence Line for Shear 3. Influence Line for Moment

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

-1 -0.5 Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian

Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian