CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Chapter 3 consists of three parts: (1) Purpose of the study and research design, (2)

Methods, and (3) Statistical Data analysis procedure.

Part one, Purpose of the study and Research Design, relates the purpose of the

study and describe the research design and the variables used in this study.

Part two, Methods, describes the participants, the data gathering materials and the

research procedure used in the study.

Part three, statistical data analysis procedures, reports the procedure for scoring

and the statistical analysis used to interpret the hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study and Research Design

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of e-learning,

English achievement, and conventional classroom learning of Senior High school

students of University of Perpetual Help System Pueblo de Panay Campus for the school

year 2019-2020.

This study will utilize the quasi-experimental, pretest, posttest, control group

design. Quasi-experimental design is same as classic controlled experimental design

except the style of assigning subjects to two groups. In classic controlled experimental
design, there is random assignment. On the other hand, Quasi-experimental designs are

commonly employed in the evaluation of educational programs when random assignment

of subjects to the two groups is either not possible or not practical. Thus in a quasi-

experimental design, the research substitutes statistical controls for the absence of

physical control of the experimental situation. Moreover, Gall et al. (2003) explained,

“Correlational research refers to studies in which the purpose is to discover relationships

between variables and subjecting the variables to correlational and multiple regression

analysis. Figure 1 presents how the dependent and independent variables- the E-learning

and Conventional Learning – bring about the development of literary understanding and

appreciation.

Data gathered will be computer-processed using the statistical package for the

Social Science (SPSS) Software. Descriptive statistical tools such as frequency count,

mean, and standard deviation will be employed. On the other hand, t-test, one-way

ANOVA and Pearson r will be used as inferential tests. All inferential tests will be used

as inferential tests. All inferential tests will be set at 0.05 alpha levels of significance.
 Figure 2.E-learning result using the Fibonacci retracement. Learning starts at the
support line which represents basic or zero ideas about specific skills or subject. But with
the help of e-learning instruction students' knowledge and skills increases through time
and would reach the creating stage or the resistance level; wherein they could perform
best and could remember all the knowledge that they've learned. But as time pass by
(days, months, years) the knowledge they've learned will deteriorate due to lack of
practice and engagement, but not totally forget.

Troohim (2006) contends that quasi-experimental design is one that looks a bit

like an experimental design but lacks that key ingredient –random assignment. The most

common quasi experimental design is the Comparison group Pretest-Posttest Design

where the researcher cannot control which group will get the treatment and participants

do not all have the same chance of being in the control or the experimental group. This

design is appropriate factor or intervention. This is not pure experimental method because

the participants has no equal chance to be sampled as either experimental or control

rather assigned in each group, the two sections.

Research Methodology

Participants

The participants of this study are the Senior High school students of University of

Perpetual Help System Pueblo de Panay Campus for the school year 2019-2020. From a

population size of 143, a sample size of 105. One section will be the experimental group

and another section will be the control group. The students for the study will be chosen

through pair matching of the two sections. The assignment of the two sections as
experimental and control groups will be done through lottery technique.It will be rolled

and placed in separate boxes designated for each section.

Seventy (70) students will be included in this investigation, 35 students in the

experimental group and 35 students in the control group.

Table 1 shows the distribution of participants.

Distribution of Participants

Group Number of Participants

Experimental Group 35

Control Group 35

Total 70

Data Gathering Instrument

The researcher will use a standardized questionnaire and anadopted questionnaire

to gather the needed data.

The data needed for the study will be gathered using an adopted 15 item English

academic performance questionnaire developed by David Lagabaster et.al 2010, taken

from English achievement and student motivation,the questionnaire will undergo pilot

testing, face, and content validation.

 English achievement questionnaire. To determine the level of English

achievement of the Senior high school, an adopted 15 item English academic

performance questionnaire developed by David Lagabaster et.al 2010, taken from English

achievement and student motivation, comprising the 3 major factors affecting the English

achievement (1) Frequency of the use of instructional media (2) Frequency of the use of

instructional techniques (3)School learning environment.

To describe the students’ English academic performance, the scale will be used

and it will be responded as follows:

Scale Description

4.21 - 5.00 Excellent

3.41 - 4.20 Very Good
2.61 – 3.40 Good
1.81 – 2.60 Fair
1.00 – 1.80 Needs Improvement

Data Gathering Procedures

The study will be conducted during the First semester of the school year 2019-

2020. Data needed for this quasi experimental research will be gathered using an adopted

15 item English academic performance questionnaire developed by David Lagabaster

et.al 2010. In addition, another researcher made instrument will be prepared by the

researcher to gather the information on the participants’ name, gender.

 Necessary permission will be secured from the office of the Principal. After the

permit is granted, the researcher will ask another English teacher toconduct the study to

avoid biases in the study.

This study will be conducted for four weeks or 20 school days: Group I will

undergo the experimental treatment using E-Learning, and Group II will undergo the

control treatment using the Traditional Technique (Lecture Method). Both groups will be

given tests (pre and post) on researcher-made tests before and after teaching, using the

two approaches.

The Experimental Procedure

To establish the effect of E-Learning in the performance of the senior high school

students in Oral Communication class, the researcher will execute the following steps:

Initially, two sections in grade-11 (Sections: Rizal and Bonifacio) will be identified as the

respondents of this study. Two groups will be randomly selected since the class

assignments is based on the enrollment sequence and not on their performance in their

previous grade level. The experimental and control groups will be chosen using the

lottery technique of the simple random sampling.

Four lessons is identified as the selections for the pretest and posttest: Elements

Affected in Shifts on Speech Context, Speech Styles, Speech Acts, and Communicative

Strategy; Types of Speeches 1 and 2; Principles of Speech Writing; Principles of Speech

Delivery.
 Before the start of the study, the same set of pretest will be administered to both

groups: the experimental group and the control group purposely to gather initial data on

the understanding and appreciation of literature prior to the introduction of the

intervention. The researcher will ask another English teacher to administer the pretest to

both groups. The pretest will be checked, recorded, and tabulated for analysis using the

appropriate statistical tools.

The test covered the skills and competencies in reading, comprehension,

vocabulary, critical thinking, and application of the principles depicted in the lesson. The

same set of test will be given to both groups in the pretest and the posttest but in the

posttest the questions will be rephrased. The posttest will be administered after the

discussion of every story.

Thereafter, the accomplished test and questionnaire will be collected and the

responses will be tallied, tabulated, analyzed processed and interpreted using the

Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results or responses were

treated with utmost confidentiality.

Statistical Data Analysis and Procedure

The data gathered will be subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis.

Frequency distribution and Percentage. This will be used to determine the

number of respondents in every sections.

 Mean. This test will be used to ascertain the level of effectiveness of e-learning,

and level of English achievement of Senior high school students of University of

Perpetual Help System Pueblo de Panay Campus.

Standard Deviation (SD). This test will be employed to determine the

homogeneity and heterogeneity of the e-learning, and English achievement of Senior high

school students of University of Perpetual Help System Pueblo de Panay Campus.

t-test for dependent samples. This test will be used to determine the significant

differences between the pretest and posttest of the experimental and control groups.

t-test for independent samples. This test will be applied to test the significant

difference between the pretest results of the control group and the experimental group

and between the posttest results of the control and experimental groups.

Pearson r. Set at 0.05 alpha level of significance, this test will be used to

determine the significant relationship betweenE-Learning and English Academic

Performance of the Senior high school students of University of Perpetual Help System

Pueblo de Panay Campus.