Fluid Mechanics

Bernoulli Equation

Instructor: Dr. Husam Elghannay

Mechanical Engineering Department
University of Benghazi

Spring 2020

Fluid Mechanics- Dr. Husam Elghannay

 Course Outline
• Introduction • Fluid Dynamics
• Dimensions & units • Bernoulli equation
• Energy equation
• Viscosity
• Viscous Flow in pipes
• Fluid Statics • Control Volume Analysis
• Pressure • Conservation of mass
• Pressure distribution in a static • Conservation of linear momentum
fluid • Dimensional Analysis and
• Mercury barometer Similarity
• Manometers
• Hydrostatic forces on sub. • Compressible Fluid Flow
surfaces
• Plane
• Curved
• Buoyancy
Fluid Mechanics- Dr. Husam Elghannay 2
 Bernoullie Equation
When assuming the motion of invicid fluids, the fluid motion is
governed by pressure and gravity forces only.
Applying Newton's 2nd law along streamline direction
gives;
∑Fs= m.as
p.dA – (p+dp).dA – dW.sin θ = dm.V.dV/ds
Since:
dW = dm.g = r.dV.g = r.dA.ds.g
and
sin θ = dz/ds
thus;
-dp.dA - rg.dA.ds .dz/ds = r.dA.ds.V.dV/ds
Canceling dA and simplifying
dp - r.g.dz = r.V.dV

Fluid Mechanics- Dr. Husam Elghannay

 Bernoulli Equation
dp - r.g.dz = r.V.dV

noting that V.dV = ½.d(V2), and dividing by r

Integrating

In the case of steady incompressible flow

Fluid Mechanics- Dr. Husam Elghannay

 Example-1
Find a relation between nozzle discharge
velocity V2 and tank free surface height h
as in Figure. Assume steady frictionless
flow
Solution
since the mass flow rate is constant at any two
arbitrary sections we can write (for incompressible
flow):
V1A1=V2A2 (1)

Applying Bernoulli Equation between sections (1)

and (2)

Fluid Mechanics- Dr. Husam Elghannay

 Example-1(continues)
Find a relation between nozzle discharge
velocity V2 and tank free surface height h
as in Figure. Assume steady frictionless
flow
Solution (continues)

But since sections 1 and 2 are both exposed to

atmospheric pressure p1=p2=pa, the pressure term
cancel, leaving
 Example-2
Water flows steadily through a diverging
tube shown in Figure. Determine the
veliocity , V, at the exit of the tube if the
frictional effects are negligible

Fluid Mechanics- Dr. Husam Elghannay

Example-2 (continues)

(1)

(2)

Fluid Mechanics- Dr. Husam Elghannay

Thank You

Fluid Mechanics- Dr. Husam Elghannay