Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF RIZAL
BINANGONAN SUB-OFFICE
DOÑA SUSANA MADRIGAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

W1-2 LEARNING AREA: SCIENCE GRADE LEVEL: SIX

QUARTER: THREE DATE:

I. LESSON TITLE: How Do Gravity and Friction Work?

MELC: Infer how friction and gravity affect movements of different objects. (S6FE-IIIa-c-1)
III: CONTENT/CORE CONTENT: Gravitation and frictional forces / Gravity and friction affect movement of
objects
IV. LEARNING PHASES: INTRODUCTION: (50

MINS) LEARNING ACTIVITIES

In this lesson, you will learn that gravitation and frictional forces affect the movements of different objects. You will
understand also that gravity and friction are always present and have big influence in the activities that you do and in the things that you
use. These forces are naturally occurring.

Gravity and Friction work in your daily life. Both gravity and friction are kinds of forces. Gravity keeps everything on Earth
firmly on the ground while friction is a force that resists the movement of an object sliding against another. Frictional force keeps cars
from slipping off roads and helps certain machineries function properly.

Have you ever tried going down a slide like what the boy is doing on the illustration below?

Slides can be on a pool or a playground, you may have observed that the more upright the slide is, the faster you fall
downwards. The downward force pulling on you towards the ground when you slide is referred to as gravity. The slide’s smoothness or
wetness also adds speed when going down. When force between two objects in contact with each other, like the clothes you are wearing
rubbing against the slide, is an example of friction. It takes place when two objects rub against each other.

Gravity and friction also affect every activity that you do, from walking to running, going up and down the stairs, and even
when sleeping or just standing on the ground. You naturally encounter gravity and friction, and these help us with our daily life.

When you throw stone upward, the stone will fall down. This is because the Earth is using a strong attractive force on the stone you have
thrown that is called gravity. Without gravity, things will float on Earth’s surface.

Looking back at the illustration above with the boy playing on the slide, friction unlike gravity is a force that acts between two
bodies that are in contact with each other. In this case, the boy’s clothes in contact with the slide produce the force called friction.

Take for example whenever you comb your hair, friction takes place as
you rub your hair using the comb. Friction happens not just between the comb and your
hair strands, but also between the comb and your fingers holding the comb. Friction keeps the comb
stays in your hands. It helps you in doing the combing of your hair.

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 Learning Task 1
Directions: Study the illustration below and answer the questions that follow.

Sipa is one of Philippine national symbols. It is our Philippine national game.

Answer the following questions on your answer sheet.

Questions:
1. What do you think will happen with the sipa if the boy did not catch it with his foot? Do you think it fall to

the ground? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________________________

2. What kind of force acts on the object that makes it move downward every time it is tossed upward?

______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Does friction act between the sipa and foot of the boy? ______________________________________________

4. How does friction act on the movement or direction of the sipa? _______________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. How does gravity and friction affect the objects used in playing sipa?___________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Learning Task 2
Direction: Copy the table below on your answer sheet, then list the things that might happen if there is no
gravity and friction.

Remember that the two different forces discussed in this lesson are:
 Gravity is a force of attraction of two bodies because of their masses.
 Friction is a force that opposes movement. It is always opposite to the direction of the motion.

Learning Task 3:
Direction: Study the following situations and answer the question for each. Remember what you have learned about gravity and
friction. Write your explanations on your answer sheet.
1. Place a book on top of a table. What keeps the book from falling? How is this possible?
2. Roll a marble on top of a level surface. Make it stop. Slide a light book on top of the same level surface by giving it an initial
push. Did the book continue to slide? What is responsible for making the sliding book slow down and eventually stop?
3. Drop a small stone and a piece of paper from the same height at the same time. Observe closely the motion of the stone and the
paper as they fall. Which of them reached the ground first? Why did not the other on reach the ground at the same time as the first?
4. What is the importance of friction in our daily life?
5. Why do we need gravity?

ASSESSMENT TEST # 1

IN SCIENCE 6

Name: Grade & Sec: Learning Area: SCIENCE

2
 A. Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Where is gravitational force directed as you stand on the floor?

A. upward B. forward C. backward D. downward
2. Which of the following shows the presence of friction?
A. cars continuously roll down hills C. people stay in place as they move
B. things fall off on smooth surfaces D. cars stop when the driver steps on the brakes
3. What is the direction of the frictional force that acts on an object moving to the left?
A. upward B. downward C. to the right D. to the left also
4. Which of the following statements is not true about friction?
A. it acts upward opposing the pull of gravity C. it keeps things that are in contact with each other
B. it prevents things from sliding off surfaces D. it holds objects that are separated by the great distance
5. A delivery man uses wooden ramp when he delivers thus, packages do not slide off easily making his work take longer. What would
be the best way to make the packages slide easily?
A. make his wooden ramp wider C. use a sandpaper to polish and smoothen his ramp
B. use water on his wooden ramp D. make his wooden ramp narrower

B. Direction: Identify what kind of force is acting on the object described in each situation.
_______1. A hanging fruit falling from a tree.
_______2. A ball rolling on the floor.
_______3. A jeepney moving on a sloping road.
_______4. A meteor falling through the Earth’s atmosphere.
_______5. Raindrops falling from the sky.

W3-5 LEARNING AREA: SCIENCE GRADE LEVEL: SIX

QUARTER: THREE DATE:____________

I.LESSON TITLE: Transformation of Energy

II.MELC: Demonstrate how sound, heat, light, and electricity can be transformed. (S6FEIIId-f-2)
III: CONTENT/CORE CONTENT: How energy is transformed in simple machines
Ref. Science Beyond Boarders 6 Textbook pp. 142-147
The New Science Links 6 Worktext in Science and Technology pp.351-358
IV. LEARNING PHASES: (50 MINS)

Introduction
From your previous lesson, you have learned that there are forces that affect the movements of different objects. In this lesson, you will
understand that forms of energy like sound, heat, light, and electricity can be transformed. You will be able to demonstrate these energy
transformations.
Like gravity and friction, sound, heat, light, and electricity are other forms of energy that may be explained in terms of movement of
smaller objects.
Sound is a form of energy produced by hitting two objects together or by vibrating objects, like strings of guitar. When you speak, sing or
hum, your vocal chords vibrate. Without any medium, sound cannot travel.
Heat or thermal energy is the energy from the moving molecules or tiny particles in matter. It is transferred from bodies of higher
temperatures to bodies of lower temperature.
Light is an energy that is transported and produced by vibrations of exceedingly small particles in matter through electromagnetic (EM)
waves. The sun’s energy travels as a visible light, the only EM wave that can be seen by the naked eyes.
Electricity is an energy when electrons move from one atom to another. Atoms are basic building blocks of matter that make up
everything. Electrons are small particles that spin around the center of the atom holding a negative (-) charge while protons are particles in the
center of an atom that hold a positive (+) charge.

Sound energy Light and heat energy Electricity runs these appliances Heat energy produced by
From vibration of guitar strings from the sun (electric fan, television, and radio) burning woods

Look at the illustration of an atom below. Name the different particles found in the atom.
The two particles of an atom found in the center of it are (1) ____________
and (2) ___________. While the particle (3) ______________ constantly spins around
the center of an atom is called (4) ________________. Electricity is produced
whenever electrons move from one atom to another.
When objects are rubbed against each other, the electrons of their atoms
have the tendency to move from one atom to another. How electrons move
depends on the electron attraction of the atoms. Some objects like metals share
electrons easily while some like plastic and rubber do not. Objects that share
electrons easily are conductors and those that do not share electrons easily are
insulators. Materials that may or may not share electrons are called semiconductors.
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 Semiconductors are often used in electronics.

Learning Task 1
Direction: Complete the graphic organizer below. Apply the concepts you learned on the different forms of energy.
Complete the chart by writing the needed information inside the box.

Watch more about the different transformations of energy on the Link https://youtu.be/BgZ-_IRIwWo and answer the following activity on your

answer sheet.

Learning Task 2
Direction: Complete the paragraph by writing the equivalent word or group of words in each diagram presented. Write your
answer on the blank.

The solar energy or energy coming from the (1) ________ enters the Earth’s atmosphere

through Electromagnetic (2) ___________. The sunlight is a form of (3) __________

energy that when hits objects here on Earth transforms into (4) _________ energy or

thermal energy and increases the objects’ (5) __ ____________.

Learning Task 3
Direction: Prepare the following materials: flashlight, matchsticks, cellphone. Do the following procedures:
Write your answer on the space provided.

A. Light the matchstick.

What form of energy is present in the matchstick? What is/are produced after you lighted the matchstick? How does energy transformation
occur in lighting a matchstick?

__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
B. Turn on the flashlight (battery-operated) or cellphone flashlight.
What makes the flashlight give out light? What form of energy is present in the flashlight? What energy does it produce? Explain how
energy transformation occurs in turning on a flashlight.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

C. Turn on your cellphone.

What are the functions of your cellphone? How does your cellphone perform those actions?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________________________________

ASSESSMENT TEST # 2

IN SCIENCE 6

Name: Grade & Sec: Learning Area: SCIENCE

4
 A. Direction: Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What energy is present in a moving object?
A. chemical energy C. nuclear energy
B. Kinetic energy D. potential energy

2. When does energy transformation occur? Energy transformation occurs when ___________.
A. Energy moves from one place to another C. When energy is created or destroyed
B. Energy changes from one form to another D. When energy remains the same

3. How does energy transformation occur in a ceiling fan?

A. From electrical to mechanical energy C. From mechanical to electrical energy
B. From electrical to chemical energy D. From mechanical to thermal

4. Explain how energy transformation occur in a green plant on a sunny day. When __________________
A. Light energy transforms into mechanical energy C. Light energy transforms into chemical energy
B. Chemical energy transforms into mechanical energy D. Chemical energy transforms into light energy

5. How does energy transformation occurs when you rub your hands together?
A. From mechanical to heat C. From heat to light
B. From mechanical to chemical D. From heat to mechanical

B. Direction: Give examples of objects for each of the following energy transformation. Write your answer on the blank provided.

1. Chemical energy to heat and light energy

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Electrical energy to sound energy

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Chemical energy to heat, light and sound energy

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Electrical energy to mechanical energy

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Electrical energy to mechanical, wind and sound energy

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

W6-8 LEARNING AREA: SCIENCE GRADE LEVEL: SIX

QUARTER: THREE DATE:____________

I.LESSON TITLE: Simple Machines

II.MELC: Demonstrate how sound, heat, light, and electricity can be transformed. (S6FEIIId-f-2)
III: CONTENT/CORE CONTENT: Demonstrate the practical and safe uses of simple machines. (S6FE-IIId-f-2)
Manipulate simple machines to describe their characteristics and uses. (S6FE-IIIg-i-3)
IV. LEARNING PHASES: (50 MINS)

INTRODUCTION

In this lesson, you will learn how to safely use the simple machines and demonstrate safety measures to prevent accidents with machines.
Also, you will understand the uses and description of each simple machine.
Machines will help you make your tasks easier and quicker. Moreover, accidents may happen when machines break down or when used
improperly. You can get cut by sharp tools. They may also tumble off your bikes or even get injured when operating simple machines.
What are simple machines? Simple machines are machines that have been used since ancient times. These have been developed to make
work lighter and less difficult.
There are six simple machines, namely: lever, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw, and pulley. Each simple machine has its
own use and has different functions. These will help you do work in many ways. It can transfer force from one place to another. It can increase the
amount of force you apply to a certain task. It can also change the distance, speed, and direction of the force.
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 When using the simple machines, you must practice precautionary measures to avoid accident.

Safety with sharp objects

1. Use sharp tools under adult supervision. Ask for help when having difficulty in using.
2. Choose tools of the right size for your hands. Tools that are too large for your hands can slip while in use and will cause
danger.
1. When using sharp tools, give your full attention to what you are doing. Make sure that you have good lighting so you
can clearly see the tools and your hands.
2. Keep, clean, and return sharp tools to their proper places or storage. Do not leave tools scattered around your house.

Safety on ramps
1. Look out for and avoid slippery spots.
2. Hold on the handrails.
3. Do not run down or race on ramps.
4. Be extra careful in bringing down patients on wheelchair, baby on strollers, or grocery carts.

Safety on pulley
1. Check the ropes if at the right gauge (thick enough) and are in good condition (not yet brittle or frayed).
2. Make sure that the knots are tied correctly. If not sure, have it checked by experts.
3. If you like doing activities like ziplining or wall climbing, check the reputation of the place, competence of
attendants, and durability of facilities before you do the ride.
4. Have safety nets and back-up ropes in case the main supporting rope snaps.
Some products have safety symbols used to give precautions on the danger when
the product is not used properly. Moreover, there are also symbols on highways and streets
that must be observed for safety purposes. These symbols must be understood and
followed to avoid accidents. The symbol shown in the right side for instance means that
the road is slippery for vehicles with tires or wheels.

Simple machines include lever which is a straight or curved rigid bar that is free to turn about a fixed point. All levers have fulcrum or
fixed point, point of effort, and the load which is being moved. Levers are of three classes. Class 1 lever has fulcrum between effort and load; class 2
lever has the load between effort and fulcrum; and class 3 lever has the effort between the load and the fulcrum.
Another kind of simple machine is pulley. A pulley is a grooved wheel that turns around an axle which is held in place by a mounting
bracket. A rope or wire moves along the wheel’s circumference. Pulley has three points of interests namely: fulcrum, point of effort at the end of the
rope, and the resistance or load to be lifted.
An inclined plane is another kind of simple machine. It is a plane tilted in an angle with one end higher than the other.
Another simple machine is a screw. It is a spiral inclined plane. It is composed of cylindrical body with a spiral ridge called thread. The
thread surrounds from the tip to the head. On the other hand, an inclined plane or two inclined planes that meet each other to form a sharp edge is
called a wedge. Wedges are typically good for cutting and piercing.
Examples of wedges are knives, axes, pins, and nails. The last kind of simple machine is the wheel and axle. It is a simple machine that has small
disk or shaft called an axle that is attached to a wheel. The wheel may be a complete wheel or a crank that turns like a wheel. Examples of wheel and
axle are doorknobs, steering wheels, screwdriver, pencil sharpeners and meat grinders among others.

Learning Task 1
Direction: Make a list of safety precautions a person must take when using the following simple machines.
Complete the table below.

Learning Task 2
Direction: Put a (/) check mark on the object that is an example of a simple machine and a () cross on the object that is not a
simple machine.

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 Learning Task 3
Direction: Identify which of the pictures below is a lever. Put an cross mark () on the drawing or illustration that you
think is not a lever.

Learning Task 4
Direction: Answer the following questions.
1. Why are simple machines important? Cite everyday activities where simple machines are used.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Knowing the nature of simple machines, would you consider some parts of the human body as simple machines? Why or why not? Also, give
examples of parts of the human body that you think are like simple machines.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

ASSESSMENT TEST # 3

IN SCIENCE 6

Name: Grade & Sec: Learning Area: SCIENCE

A. Identify what concept or item is described.
1. The measure ofhow effective a machine is _______________.
2. Which of the load and effort should be located farther from the fulcrum to make a machine more effective?
__________________________.
3. A doooknob is an example of what simple machine? _______________________
4. A pulley is more efficient it it has more of this. _______________________________
5. The steeper the ramp, the force will be ________________ and the distance travelled will be shorter.
6. The ________________ the fan wedge, the greater the force.
7. A wheel and axle is more effective if there is a greater _________________ between their sizes.
8. For a screw, the more threads along is length, the ________________ it is to remove or attach.
9. If two gears are to rotate in the same direction, should they put side by side or should they be separated by
some distance and connected using a chain? _________________________
10. Blender has two simple machine and it is a _________________ machine.

B. Put a (/) if the given is a safety practice with machines and cross (x) if it is not.
_____________11. Running down on a ramp
_____________12. Wearing a long scarf while fixing gears
_____________13. Checking the rope and pulley before using them
_____________14. Using a tool larger than your own hands
_____________15. Learning how to use the changeable gears in the bike

C. Write one safety precaution when using the following machines.

16. knife
17. bicycle
18. scissors
19. escalator
20. push cart