Hypothesis

Dr.Viral Bharat Bhai Jadav

Associate Professor
IITE,Gandhinagar
DEFINITIONS OF HYPOTHESIS
JOHN T. TOWNSEND
Hypothesis is a suggested
answer to the problem under
investigation
D
JOHN W. BEST
A hypothesis is a tentative
generalization, the validity of C
which remains to be tested

GOOD AND HATT

A hypothesis is a proposition which can
be put to test to determine its validity. It
may be proved correct or incorrect
B
F. N. KERLINGER
A hypothesis is a conjectural
statement of the relation
between two or more variables
A
 Construction
Assumptions are made on
the basis of previous
experience or primary
evidence or by thinking
logically

Testing
Whether the assumptions
are true or false is decided
by testing them

Solution
Testing assumptions lead
to the solution of the
problem

Three important points regarding hypothesis

 STEP Solution of the Problem
04

STEP Collection of evidence and

03 analyse logically

STEP Check all the possible reasons

02
STEP Thinking of the possible reasons
01
Watching TV-TV gets off suddenly
 It never Can be
oppose the rejected or
universal not
truth and rejected
natural law

Simple and Written in

Easy present
Language tense

It is
One
assured
assumptio
that data
n in one
will be
hypothesis
available
Gives clear idea about Formed
area of research, before
variable and data collection
analysis techniques of data

Formulate
It shows relationship d by
between two or more thinking
variables logically

Formulate
Promotes deductive d on the
reasoning basis of
available
primary
evidences
 RELATED
LITERATURE

BELIEFS
RESERCH PREVALING IN
REVIEW THE FIELD

CULTURE
PRE-
EXPERIENCE INTELLECTUAL
DISCUSSION

CREATIVE INSIGHT OF THE

THINKING RESEARCHER
 DIRECTIONAL

DECLARATIVE
NON
DIRECTIONAL
QUESTION
TYPES
FORM
Classical

NULL

Operational
DECLARATIVE HYPOTHESIS
ALSO KNOWN AS
- ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS
- RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Study of teaching
TITLE aptitude of student-
teacher in the context
of their gender
The teaching aptitude of the
02 male student-teacher is better
than that of female student
teachers
The teaching aptitude of the
01 female student-teacher is better
than that of male student teachers
DIRECTIONAL
HYPOTHESIS
• This hypothesis shows the
expected direction of the
result.
• Such hypothesis assumes a
particular result in favor of
some factor/ variable
• It indicates clearly the
difference or relationship
between variable
characteristics under the
study in context of
independent variable
• There is a positive correlation
between emotional maturity
level and adjustment level of the
female teachers of secondary
schools
• OR
• The adjustment level of female
teachers of secondary schools
having high emotional level is
high.
• There is a negative correlation
between emotional maturity
level and adjustment level of the
female teachers of secondary
schools
• OR
• The adjustment level of female
teachers of secondary schools
having low emotional level is
high.
 NON DIRECTIONAL
HYPOTHESIS
Study of teaching
competency of higher
• This hypothesis does not
TITLE secondary teachers in shows the expected direction
the context of their
gender of the result.
• In such hypothesis result is not
There is a difference between
01 teaching competency of male expected in favour of certain
and female teachers of higher
secondary schools
variable

There is a correlation between

02 emotional maturity and mental
health of secondary school
teachers
 STUDY OF EXAM HYPOTHESIS IN
ANXIETY QUESTION FORM
• Is there difference between exam
anxiety or arts, commerce and science • Instead of expecting a certain
students of higher secondary schools? result, a question is formed
• Is exam anxiety of arts students of higher
secondary schools more than that of
science students?
• Do the government employees having
high intelligence level have less mental
stress?
• Is there correlation between intelligence
and mental stress of government
employees?
 NULL HYPOTHESIS
• IF, IN CONTEXT OF DEPENDENT VARIABLE, THE HYPOTHESIS INDICSATES
‘NO DIFFERENCE’ BETWEEN TWO OR MORE LEVELS OF INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE, IT IS CALLED NULL HYPOTHESIS
• IT INDICATES NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO VARIABLE, IF
CORRELATIONAL STUDY IS THERE.
• SYMBOLE: HO.
• ALSO KNOWN AS NO DIFFERENCE OR NO RELATONSHIP TYPE HYPOTHESIS
STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD
ON ACHIEVEMENT OF THE STUDENTS OF GRADE 9 IN
ENGLISH
• There is no significant effect of instructional method o the
achievement of the students of grade 9 in English

• There is no significant difference between achievement of the

students in English, who have learned through CAI and PLM

• There is no significant effect of the instructional method on the mean

achievement score of the students of grade 9 in English
• There is no significant relationship between the mental health and
reasoning ability of the students of secondary schools
• There is no significant correlation between the scores of the students
of secondary schools in mental health scale and reasoning ability test
• If measurement is not mentioned in the null hypothesis, it is called
classical hypothesis
• Eg.
• There is no significant difference between the achievement of the
students of grade 9 in English, who have learnt through PIM and CAI
• There is no significant relationship between mental health and
reasoning ability of the students of primary schools.
Operational hypothesis
• When measurement of the variable characteristics is indicated in null
hypothesis, it is called operational hypothesis
• Eg.
• There is no significant difference between the mean scores of the
students of grade nine in achievement test in English who have learnt
through PIM and CAI
• There is no significant correlation between the scores of the students
of secondary schools in reasoning ability test and mental health scale.
 Special features of Null hypothesis
No
subjectivity
Tested
clearly

No bias

Statistical
techniques
are
Objective mentioned
work
• IT ASSUMES THE RESULT OF THE RESEARCH AND RESERCHER COLLECTS
DATA TO TEST THIS ASSUMPTION
• SPECIFIC DATA COLLECTED- PREVENT UNNECESSORY DATA COLLECTION
• HELP TO WORK IN CERTAIN DIRECTION
• HELP IN DRIVING CLEAR FINDINGS
• GIVES IDEA ABOUT THE AREA AND VARIABLES OF THE STUDY AND
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES TO BE APPLIED
• GIVES IDEA ABOUT STRUCTURE OF WRITING THE FINDINGS IN REPORT
• IT INSPIRES THE RESEARCHER FOR DEDUCTIVE REASONING