MODULE CODE: PASAY-BC11-S2-Q1-W1-D4

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN BASIC CALCULUS

Second Semester/ First Quarter/Week 1/Day 4

Learning Objective: Applies the limit laws in evaluating the limit of algebraic functions.

Introduction:

Now that you already learned the basic Limit Laws, you are no ready to apply those limit
laws in determining the limit of algebraic functions.

Lesson Proper: Limits of Algebraic Function

Before starting to evaluate the limit of algebraic functions using the Limit Laws, you can
take note of the following additional theorems.

1. The limit of a constant is that constant.

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒄 = c
𝒙→𝒂

2. If f(x) is a polynomial function and c is a real number, then

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = f(c)
𝒙→𝒄

Illustrative Example 1. Determine 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓).

𝒙→𝟏

Solution:

lim(4𝑥 + 5) = lim 4𝑥 + lim 5 The Addition Theorem

𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1

= 4lim 𝑥 + 5 The Constant Multiple Theorem and lim 𝑐 = c

𝑥→1 𝑥→𝑎
= 4(1) + 5 lim 𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑥→𝑐
=4+5 Simplify
=9

Illustrative Example 2. Investigate 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝟑𝒙𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏).

𝒙→𝟎

Solution: lim(3𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 − 1) = lim 3𝑥 4 - lim 2𝑥 - lim 1 Addition Theorem

𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0

= 3lim 𝑥 4 - 2lim 𝑥 – 1 Constant Multiple Theorem

𝑥→0 𝑥→0

= 3(0)4 -2(0) – 1

=0–0–1

= -1

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-BC11-S2-Q1-W1-D4

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Note: One way to hasten the process of evaluating the limit of a polynomial function is to use the
theorem,

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)

𝑥→𝑐

This means that the variable x can be replaced by that value, which is c, to which x approaches to.

Illustrative Example 3. Determine 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏).

𝒙→−𝟏

Solution 1: Solution 2:

lim (2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 1) = lim 2𝑥 3 - lim 4𝑥 2 + lim 1 lim (2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 1) = f (-1)

𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1

= 2 lim 𝑥 3 - 4 lim 𝑥 2 + 1 = 2(-1)3 – 4(-1)2 + 1

𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1

= 2( lim 𝑥)3 – 4( lim 𝑥)2 + 1 = -2 – 4 + 1

𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1

= 2(-1)3 – 4(-1)2 + 1 = -5

= 2(-1) – 4(1) + 1

= -2 – 4 + 1

= -5
𝟑
Illustrative Example 4. Find 𝐥𝐢𝐦 √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔.
𝒙→−𝟐

Solution 1: Solution 2:

3 3 3
lim √𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6 = 3√ lim (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6) lim √𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6 = √(−2)2 + 3(−2) − 6
𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2

3
= 3√ lim 𝑥 2 + lim 3𝑥 − lim 6 = √4 − 6 − 6
𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2

3
= 3√( lim 𝑥)2 + 3 lim 𝑥 − 6 = √−8
𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2

3
= √(−2)2 + 3(−2) − 6 = -2
3
= √4 − 6 − 6
3
= √−8

= -2

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-BC11-S2-Q1-W1-D4

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1.

Fill in the blank with the appropriate Limit Law used in every step of the solution. In the
event that there is more than one limit law used, then every limit theorem used must be written.

1. Determine lim(2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3)
𝑥→3

Solution: Limit Theorem Used

lim(2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3) = lim 2𝑥 2 − lim 5𝑥 + lim 3 _________________________________

𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3

= 2lim 𝑥 2 − 5 lim 𝑥 + 3 _________________________________

𝑥→3 𝑥→3

= 2(lim 𝑥)2 − 5(3) + 3 _________________________________

𝑥→3

= 2(3)2 – 15 + 3 _________________________________

= 2(9) – 12

= 18 – 12

=6

𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
2. Find lim √ .
𝑥→2 𝑥 2 −3

Solution: Limit Theorem Used

𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
lim √ = √lim _____________________________
𝑥→2 𝑥 2 −3 𝑥→2 𝑥 2 −3

lim (𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1)
𝑥→2
=√ _____________________________
lim (𝑥 2 −3)
𝑥→2

lim 𝑥 2 +lim 2𝑥+lim 1

= √𝑥→2 lim 𝑥𝑥→2 𝑥→2
2 − lim 3
_____________________________
𝑥→2 𝑥→2

(lim 𝑥)2 +2 lim 𝑥+1

= √ 𝑥→2(lim 𝑥)2𝑥→2 _____________________________
−3
𝑥→2

(2)2 +2(2)+1
=√ _____________________________
22 −3

4+4+1
=√ 4−3

9
= √1

=3

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-BC11-S2-Q1-W1-D4

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2.

Use appropriate limit law/s to determine the following. Step – by – step solution is desired.
(Note: Using of short method is not encouraged).

1. lim(5𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8) 2. lim (𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 10)

𝑥→3 𝑥→−2

Generalization:

To evaluate the limit of an algebraic functions, apply the appropriate limit laws. To wit:

1. lim 𝑐 = c
𝑥→𝑎

2. lim 𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑥→𝑐

3. lim 𝑘 ∙ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

4. lim(𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ± lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

5. lim(𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(𝑥) lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑐
6. lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ; g(x) ≠ 0
𝑥→𝑐 lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐

7. lim(𝑓(𝑥))𝑛 = (lim 𝑓(𝑥))𝑛

𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

8. lim 𝑛√𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛√lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

9. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = f(c) , if f(x) is a polynomial and c is a real number.

𝑥→𝑐

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-BC11-S2-Q1-W1-D4

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Evaluation:

Evaluate the following limits. Show your solution.

3
1. lim (1 + √𝑤)(2 − 𝑤 2 + 3𝑤 3 )
𝑤→1

2. lim(𝑠 2 + 1)3 √𝑠 6 + 𝑠 2 + 8

𝑡 2 −4
3. lim
𝑡→−2 𝑡 2 +3𝑡+1

𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
4. lim
𝑥→−1 𝑥 3 −6𝑥 2 −7𝑥

4−3𝑦 2 −𝑦 3
5. lim
𝑦→−2 6−𝑦−2𝑦 2

Prepared by:

ALEJANDRO S. ANIBAN

KALAYAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

References:

Basic Calculus, Teacher’s Guide, Dep Ed

Basic Calculus, Learner’s Material, Dep Ed

MATHEMATICS 53, Elementary Analysis 1, Institute of Mathematics

University of the Philippines, Diliman
Next Century Mathematics, Basic Calculus, Phoenix
By: Jesus P. Mercado
Fernando B. Orines

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