Auxiliar: Luis Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

EJEMPLO: Para la viga mostrada en la figura se pide lo siguiente:

a)Determinar la flecha instantánea debido a carga muerta.
b)Determinar la flecha instantánea debido a carga viva.
c)Determinar la flecha Diferida.
d)Determinar la flecha total. t t
p ＝ 1.9 ⋅ ― g ＝ 3.3 ⋅ ―
m m

kp
fc´ ＝ 250 ――
Datos cm 2
kp
fy ＝ 5000 ⋅ ――
cm

Paso 1.-Calculo de Momento Máximo de Tramo: qu ＝ 1.2 ⋅ g + 1.6 p

tn
pu ＝ 1.6 ⋅ ((1.9)) ＝ 3.04 ⋅ ―
m tn
gu ＝ 1.2 ⋅ ((3.3)) ＝ 3.96 ⋅ ―
m
A

VA ＝ 31.84 T
VB ＝ 54 T

+
Mumax ＝ 72.813 tm

∑ MA ＝ 0 -VB ⋅ 10 + 3.04 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 5 + 3.96 ⋅ 14 ⋅ 7 ＝ 0

VB ＝ 54 T

∑ FV ＝ 0 54 - 3.04 ⋅ 10 - 3.96 ⋅ 14 + VA ＝ 0

VA ＝ 31.84 T

Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

 Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

.-Paso 1:Cálculo de Armaduras:

Mu ＝ 72.813 tm
be

ds ＝ 7 - 4 cm

Adoptamos. ds ＝ 6 cm

d ＝ 70 - 6 ＝ 64 cm

d ＝ 64 cm
⎛ 12 ⎞
Mo ＝ 0.9 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ ((210)) ⋅ 60 ⋅ 12 ⋅ ⎜64 - ―⎟ ＝ 67.08 tm
⎝ 2 ⎠

Mo < Mu Caso 2!!!

alim ＝ 0.3188 ⋅ ((64)) ＝ 20.403 cm

⎡ ⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 20.403 ⎞ ⎤
. - Mlim ＝ 0.9 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ 210 ⋅ ⎢ ((60 - 30)) ⋅ 12 ⋅ ⎜64 - ―⎟ + 20.403 ⋅ 30 ⋅ ⎜64 - ――― ⎟ ⎥ ＝ 84.88 tm
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦

84.88 > 72.813 No necesita Armadura de Compresión!!!!

⎡ ⎛ a⎞⎤ 5
. - 0.9 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ 210 ⋅ ⎢ 30 ⋅ 12 ⋅ ((64 - 6)) + a ⋅ 30 ⋅ ⎜64 - ―⎟ ⎥ ＝ 72.813 ⋅ 10 kg ⋅ cm
⎣ ⎝ 2⎠⎦

a ＝ 14.337 cm

. - 0.85 ⋅ 210 ⋅ [[ ((60 - 30)) ⋅ 12 + 14.337 ⋅ 30 ]] ＝ A ⋅ 5000

A ＝ 28.206 cm 2 5ø25+2ø16
14 14 2
― ⋅ bw ⋅ d ＝ ――⋅ 30 ⋅ 64 ＝ 5.38 cm
fy 5000
Amin ≥
0.8 ⋅ ‾‾‾
fc´ 0.8 ⋅ ‾‾‾
210
―――― ⋅ bw ⋅ d ＝ ―――― ⋅ 30 ⋅ 64 ＝ 4.452 cm 2
fy 5000

Adoptamos Amin ＝ 5.38 cm 2 Apercha ＝ 0.3 ⋅ Amin ＝ 0.3 ⋅ ((5.38))

Como 70 > 60 Apercha ＝ 1.587 cm 2

2ø10
0.5 0.5
Apiel ＝ ――⋅ bw ⋅ h ＝ ――⋅ 30 ⋅ 70 ＝ 1.05 cm 2
5000 1000
Apiel ＝ 1.05 cm 2

Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

 Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

At 28.206
# ＝ ―― P/ø25 # ＝ ――― ＝ 5.745 barras
Aø 4.91

. - 5 ø25 + 0.745 ⋅ ((4.91))

. - 0.745 ⋅ ((4.91)) ＝ 3.658 cm 2 Adop. 2 ø16

Adoptamos. 5 ø25 + 2 ø16

.-Paso 3: Distribución Correcta de las Armaduras y calculo de ds:

2.5 cm
Smin ≥ Adoptamos. Smin ＝ 2.5 cm
ø ＝ 2.5 cm

1.6
2.5 cg ⋅
2.5 Y2
0.8 Y1 ds
2

2 0.8 Sreal 0.8 2

30 - 2 ⋅ 2.8 - 5 ⋅ 2.5
Sreal ＝ ――――――＝ 2.975 cm Sreal ＝ 2.975 xm
4
2.975 > 2.5 Cumple!!!
ds ＝ 4.69 cm

∑ Ai ⋅ yi d ＝ 70 - 4.69 ＝ 65.31 cm
5 ⋅ ((4.91)) ⋅ ((4.05)) + 2 ⋅ ((2.01)) ⋅ ((8.6))
ds ＝ ―――＝ ――――――――――― ＝ 4.69 cm
5 ⋅ ((4.91)) + 2 ⋅ ((2.01)) dreal ＝ 65.31 cm
∑ Ai

Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

 Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

.-Detalle de la sección:

2ø10

2ø8

2ø16

5ø25

Mk ⋅ l 2
Paso 4: Determinación de Flechas: a 0 ＝ ∝ ⋅ ―――
Ec ⋅ Ie

⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3 ⎞
Ie ＝ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ Io + ⎜1 - ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ I2
⎝ Mk ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ Mk ⎠ ⎠
.-Momento de Fisuración y centro de Gravedad:

I ⋅ fr
Mcr ＝ ――
Yt

2
‾‾‾
2
‾‾‾ kg
Cg fr ＝ 2 ⋅ fc´ ＝ 2 ⋅ 210 ＝ 28.983 ⋅ ――
cm 2
kg
fr ＝ 28.983 ⋅ ――
cm 2

∑ Ai ⋅ yi
Yg ＝ ―――＝
∑ Ai
60 ⋅ 12 ⋅ 64 + 30 ⋅ 58 ⋅ 29
Yg ＝ ―――――――＝ 39.244
60 ⋅ 12 + 30 ⋅ 58

Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

 Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

b ⋅ h3
I ＝ ――+ A ⋅ di 2 di ＝ Yg - Yi
12

60 ⋅ 12 3 2 30 ⋅ 58 3 2
Ig ＝ ――― ( ) ( )
+ (60 ⋅ 12) ⋅ (39.244 - 64) + ――― + ((30 ⋅ 58)) ⋅ ((39.244 - 29)) ＝ 1120273.659 cm 4
12 12

Ig ＝ 1120273.659 cm 4
1120273.659 ⋅ 28.983
Mcr ＝ ――――――― ＝ 8.27 tm Mcr ＝ 8.27 tm
39.244

.-Determinar la Posición de la linea Neutra:

be

bw

hf 1 1

2
hf
x
x x-―
― 2
d 2
Ln

d-x

As ＝ n ⋅ A ＝ ((9.6)) ⋅ 28.57 ＝ 274.272

Es 2.1 ⋅ 10 6 2
‾‾‾ kg
n ＝ ―― ＝ ――――＝ 9.6 Ec ＝ 15100 ⋅ 210 ＝ 218819.789 ⋅ ――
Ec 218819.789 cm 2

.-Momento Estático en la Linea Neutra:

Me compresion ＝ Me traccion
⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛x⎞
((60 - 30)) ⋅ ((12)) ⋅ ⎜x - ―⎟ + ((30)) ⋅ ((x)) ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ＝ 274.272 ⋅ ((65.31 - x))
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠ x ＝ 21.169

Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

 Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

.-Calculo de La Inercia Fisurada (Inercia en la Linea Neutra)

b ⋅ h3
I ＝ ――+ A ⋅ di 2
12
2
1 30 ⋅ 12 3 ⎛ 12 ⎞
-I ＝ ――― + ((12 ⋅ 30)) ⋅ ⎜21.169 - ―⎟ ＝ 87155.482 cm 4
12 ⎝ 2 ⎠

30 ⋅ 21.169 3 ⎛ 21.169 ⎞ 2
-I 2 ＝ ――――+ ((21.169 ⋅ 30)) ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ＝ 94863.912 cm
4

12 ⎝ 2 ⎠

2 2
Armadura. - I A ＝ As ⋅ ((d - x)) ＝ 276.015 ⋅ ((65.31 - 21.169)) ＝ 537795.322 cm 4

I2 ＝ 87155.482 cm 4 + 94863.912 cm 4 + 537795.322 cm 4 ＝ 719814.716 cm 4

I2 ＝ 719814.716 cm 4

a)Cálculo de ag tn
g ＝ 3.3 ⋅ ―
m

ag

MB - ＝ 26.4 tm

Mk ＝ 29.106 tm

5 ⎛ MB ⎞ 5 ⎛ ((-26.4)) ⎞
∝ ＝ ― ⎜1 - ――― ⎟ ＝ ― ⋅ ⎜1 + ―――― ⎟ ＝ 0.095
48 ⎝ 10 Mm ⎠ 48 ⎝ 10 ⋅ 29.106 ⎠

⎛ 8.27 ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ 8.27 ⎞ 3 ⎞ 4
Ie ＝ ⎜――― ( )
⎟ ⋅ (1120273.659) + ⎜1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ 719814.716 ＝ 729000.727 cm
⎝ 29.106 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 29.106 ⎠ ⎠

Ie ＝ 729000.727 cm 4 ⎛⎝29.106 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ((1000)) 2

0.095 ⋅ ―――――――― = 1.733
218819.789 ⋅ 729000.727

Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

 Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

⎛⎝29.106 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ((1000)) 2
a 0 g ＝ 0.095 ⋅ ―――――――― ＝ 1.735 cm a 0 g ＝ 1.735 cm
218819.789 ⋅ 729000.727

b)Calculo de la Flecha Instantánea y a 0 p

t tn t
p ＝ 1.9 ⋅ ― g ＝ 3.3 ⋅ ― p ＝ 1.9 ⋅ ―
m tn m m
g ＝ 3.3 ⋅ ― +
m
=

MB - ＝ 26.4 tm

Mk Mk´ ＝ 29.106 tm
1.9 ⋅ ((10)) 2
Mk´´ ＝ ―――― ＝ 23.75 tm
∝ ＝ 0.095 8
5
∝＝―
Mk ＝ 29.106 + 23.75 ＝ 52.856 48

⎛ 8.27 ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ 8.27 ⎞ 3 ⎞ 4
Ie ＝ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ (
(1120273.659 )
) + ⎜ 1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ 719814.716 ＝ 721348.597 cm
⎝ 52.856 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 52.856 ⎠ ⎠

Ie ＝ 721348.597 cm 4
29.106 ⋅ 10 5 ⋅ 1000 2 5 23.75 ⋅ 10 5 ⋅ 1000 2
a 0 ＝ 0.095 ⋅ ―――――――― + ― ⋅ ―――――――― ＝ 3.319 cm
218819.789 ⋅ 721348.597 48 218819.789 ⋅ 721348.597
Flecha instantanea
a 0 ＝ 3.319 cm
Flecha instantanea debido a carga Viva:

a 0 p ＝ a o - a 0 g ＝ 3.319 - 1.745 ＝ 1.574 cm

a 0 p ＝ 1.574 cm

c)Cálculo de la Flecha diferida: a g ＝ ((β - 1)) ⋅ a 0 g

ξ
β ＝ ―――― Para tiempo infinito de la carga muerta. ξ＝2
1 + 50 ⋅ ρ´

A´
ρ´ ＝ ―― Como no hay Armadura de Compresión ρ´ ＝ 0
bw ⋅ d

2
β ＝ ―――＝ 2
1 + 50 ⋅ 0

Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

Auxiliar: Favio Orihuela Toledo Hormigón Armado 2 Civ-210

a d ＝ ((2 - 1)) ⋅ ((1.735)) ＝ 1.735 cm

a d ＝ 1.735 cm

d)Calculo de la Flecha total:

at ＝a0 + ad

a t ＝ 3.319 cm + 1.735 cm ＝ 5.054 cm

a t ＝ 5.054 cm