Republic of the Philippines

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

RC-AL KHWARIZMI INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.
Department of Liberal Arts
National Highway, Basak Malutlut, Marawi City

LAS #8 Date: _____________________________

Course Number: Math 1 Course Title: Fundamentals of Mathematics
Topic Title: Concept of Fractions
Objectives: Identify the kinds of fractions,
Compare the order fractions written in different forms,
Change fractions to lower/higher terms.
Activity Title: Identify the kinds of fractions, compare the order, and change fractions to lower/higher terms.
Reference: Beyond Math by Loly Ong, Angelyn R. Lao, Maria Jenny Tan, & Judy W. Sy

CONCEPT NOTES
1
In a fraction , the line in the middle is called the fraction bar; the number below the fraction bar is called the denominator which tells how
4
many parts the whole is being equally divided. The number above the fraction bar is called the numerator which tells how many equal parts are being
considered.
Kinds of Fractions
A proper fraction is a fraction wherein the numerator is less than the denominator; whereas an improper fraction is a fraction wherein the
numerator is equal to or greater than the denominator.
A mixed number is a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction.

2 4
Example1: Proper fractions: ,
3 7

5 9
Improper fractions: ,
5 8

2 7
Mixed numbers: 1 , 4
3 8

Fractions having the same denominators are called similar fractions; whereas fractions having different denominators are called dissimilar
fractions.

4 7 54 6 3 67
Example 2: , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 are similar fractions; whereas , , are dissimilar fractions.
5 5 5 7 8 9

Think: If fractions are similar, how do we compare two fractions?

If two fractions have the same denominators, the fraction with the larger numerator has a larger value.

5 3
Example 3: >
8 8

Think: If dissimilar fractions have the same numerators, how do we compare two

fractions?

If two dissimilar fractions have the same numerators, the fraction with the smaller denominator has a larger value.

10 10
Example 4: >
7 8

The Basic Characteristics of a Fraction

1
Prepare three equal lengths of paper strips. Fold them into two equal parts, four equal parts, and six equal parts and shade of each strip as seen
2
below.

1 2 3
= =
2 4 6

1 2 3
Clearly, , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 represent the same fractional part. The denominators of the three fractions are multiples of the other.
2 4 6

Let us compare the numerators and denominators of the above fractions. What pattern do they follow?

“There’s always a future in Mathematics.” Page 1

 1 1×2 2
= =
2 2×2 4
1 1×? 3 1 1×3 3
How about = = ? = =
2 2×? 6 2 2×3 6

On the other hand,

1
2 2×2 1
= =
4 4×1 2
2
1
3 3 ? 1 3 3× 1
How about = × = ? = 3
1 =
6 6 ? 2 6 6× 2
3

2 5 5
Example 5: Arrange , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 from the least to the greatest.
3 6 8

The LCD of 3, 6, and 8 is 24.

2 2 8 16
= × =
3 3 8 24

5 5 3 15
= × =
8 8 3 24

5 5 4 20
= × =
6 6 4 24
15 16 20 5 2 5
We have < < , therefore < < .
24 24 24 8 3 6

Or, we can use a shortcut method—the cross product—to compare two fractions.

2 5
3 8

2×8 3×5

16 > 15

2 5
Therefore, > .
3 8

Checking for Understanding

A. Tell whether the following fractions are proper or improper fractions.

9 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝟓
1. 2. 3.
𝟓 𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟔𝟏
B. Fill in the blanks to make equivalent fractions.
1 ? 3 ? 1 ?
1. = 2. = 3. =
4 12 4 16 5 20
C. Compare the following fractions using the relation symbols >, <, 𝑜𝑟 =.
4 3 7 19 19 19
1. ( ) 2. 12 ( )11 3. ( )
5 5 12 12 20 17
D. Reduce the following fractions to lowest terms.
12 35 45
1. 2. 3. 17
16 32 135

Exercise/Assignment

A. Tell whether the following fractions are proper or improper fractions.

a
1. (where a = b)
b
𝑐
2. (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐 𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = 1) 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 > 1
𝑑
B. Fill in the blanks to make equivalent fractions.
2 ? 2 ?
1. = 2. =
5 35 3 12
C. Compare the following fractions using the relation symbols >, <, 𝑜𝑟 =.
0 0 8 9
1. ( ) 2. ( )
4 5 5 6
D. Reduce the following fractions to lowest terms.
14 52
1. 32 2. 25
3 5

“There’s always a future in Mathematics.” Page 2