PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION – GEC 2

I. Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the nature and elements of verbal and non-verbal communication in various and
multicultural contexts

2. characterize communication in the digital age

3. analyze the principles and process of effective communication

4. explain the ethics of effective communication in the modern age

5. adopt cultural and intercultural awareness and sensitivity in communicating ideas

II. Core Values/Biblical Principles:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1f0Hu5BtQOAg20koI2THcYxSzG9W8ZMMj/view?
usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iATunO4GI7V39t9PU0_yosxj5HqVnlg_/view?usp=sharing
Read:

III. Learning Activities & Resources:

INTRODUCTION:

Students will discuss with a partner his or her ideas on (mis)communication within the
family. Students shall watch videos about how family members communicate:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0w4aJJ9-BA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zw10qmW8vFw

BODY:
COMMUNICATION PROCESSES AND TYPES

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

- Explain the nature of communication, its types, and its elements; and
- Characterize communication in the digital age.

Communication

The term ‘Communication’ is derived from the Latin word ‘communis’ which means common. Thus,
information common to a person should be communicated to him. Literally, communication means
to inform, to tell, to show or to spread information.

Individuals define communication in many ways. These definitions imply that the way people define
communication influences how they think and behave towards other people. Communication is an
integral part of human existence. It is the core of human relationships.
COMMUNICATION MODELS

Aristotle’s communication model

Aristotle emphasized that there are three variables in the communication process: speaker,
speech, and audience as illustrated in the communication flow below:

Speaker Speech Audience

The speaker variable here is very relevant. Without the speaker, there will be no speech to
be produced. Depending on the profile of the audience, the speakers adjusts his/her speech. Some
considerations for the audience demographics are age, sex, background, culture, race, religion,
gender, social and economic status, and political orientation or inclination, among others. Even
beliefs, views, and attitudes also play an important role when talking about audience consideration
since oftentimes, the audience bring these with them when they decode a message in any given
situation.

Shannon-weaver’s communication model

Originally, this model was conceptualized for the functioning of the radio and the television
serving as a model for technical communication and, later on, adopted in the field of
communication. This model is conceived to develop the effective communication between sender
and receiver. Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver also find factors affecting the
communication process – the noise. The model has identified various components like information
source, transmitter, channel, message, receiver, information destination, encode and decode.
Berol’s communication model

David Berlo conceptualized his model in 1960. Berlo’s model is perhaps the most well-known
among the communication models. It has four major elements in the communication process such as
source, message, channel, and receiver. It includes a number of factors under each of the elements.
It believes that for effective communication to take place, the source and the receiver need to be on
the same level. Only then communication will happen or take place properly. Hence, the source and
the receiver should be similar.

COMMUNICATION TYPES

Depending on what is being considered, communication as a term takes on different

contexts resulting in people having different views on communication types. A message may be
conveyed via these types:

Types Description Examples

a. It includes sounds, words,
language, and speech.
Speaking is an effective way of
communicating and helps in
expressing our emotions in
words. It has subtypes:

1. Intrapersonal
communication
- extremely private and
restricted to ourselves - Silent conversations we have
2. Interpersonal with ourselves
communication
- two individuals involved in
the communication - one-on-one conversation
3. Small group communication
- can take place only when
there are more than two
people involved - press conferences, board
4. Public communication meetings, and team meetings
- takes place when one
 individual addresses a large
gathering of people
b. Non-Verbal It involves the use of physical
ways of communication, such
as tone of the voice, touch,
and expressions.
c. Visual It involves the visual display of
information, wherein the
message is understood or
expressed with the help of
visual aids.
d. Written It is the medium through which
the message of the sender is
conveyed with the help of
written words. This form of
communication encapsulates
features of visual
communication as well,
especially when the messages
are conveyed through
electronic devices such as
laptops, phones, and visual
presentations that involve the
use of texts or words.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS / INTERFERENCES
Classification Description
1. Physical It affects the physical
transmission of the message
since it is outside the control of
both the sender and the
receiver.
2. Psychological It affects the mental state of an
individual since he/she has
incorrect thought patterns
regarding his/her ability,
potential, or self-worth, among
others.
3. Physiological It occurs due to the physical - short term memory loss,
condition of the sender or speech disorder, deaf & mute,
receiver which might even be blind
- election campaigns and
public speeches
- Symbols and sign language,
body posture, folded arms,
crossed legs, facial expression,
patting, shaking hands, eye
contact
- topography, photography,
signs, symbols, maps, colors,
posters, banners and designs,
movies and plays, television
shows and video clips, Icons
and emoticons, world wide
web
- letters, personal journals, e-
mails, reports, articles, and
memos
Examples
- seatmates are busy
chitchatting while the teacher
is discussing, loud party at the
neighborhood while you’re
trying to record, extreme
temperatures, overly dim or
bright lights, having cough,
colds, fever
- emotional stress, distrust,
lack of attention to be given to
the other communicator,
status consciousness, busy
daydreaming
 physical disabilities or
dysfunctions.
4. Semantic It is a misunderstanding
between the sender and the
receiver arising due to the
different meaning of words
and other symbols utilized in
communication.
- both words have same
spelling but different
pronunciation and meanings,
dialectal difference, language
fluency, cultural difference

SUMMARY/CONCLUSION:

What is effective communication?

Effective communication is about more than just exchanging information. It’s about
understanding the emotion and intentions behind the information. As well as being able to clearly
convey a message, you need to also listen in a way that gains the full meaning of what’s being said
and makes the other person feel heard and understood.

Effective communication sounds like it should be instinctive. But all too often, when we try
to communicate with others something goes astray. We say one thing, the other person hears
something else, and misunderstandings, frustration, and conflicts ensue. This can cause problems in
your home, school, and work relationships.

For many of us, communicating more clearly and effectively requires learning some
important skills. Whether you’re trying to improve communication with your spouse, kids, boss, or
coworkers, learning these skills can deepen your connections to others, build greater trust and
respect, and improve teamwork, problem solving, and your overall social and emotional health.

IV. References:

Lim, J.A., Hamada, I.B., & Alata, E.P. (2019). A Course Module for Purposive Communication. Manila,
Philippines: REX Book Store, Inc.

Madrunio, M.R. & Martin, I.P. (2018). Purposive Communication: Using English in Multilingual
Contexts. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc.