SHOOL OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES- VMRF-DU, SALEM.

Department of Biochemistry
Question bank – B. Sc. Common to All
Long Essays:
1. Transport mechanism through cell membrane with examples.
2. Classify carbohydrate with examples, write about muccopolysaccharides.
3. Write in detail about TCA cycle, add a note an energetics.
4. Write in detail about glycolysis, add a note an energetics.
5. Discuss about beta oxidation and energetics.
6. Cholesterol synthesis and its regulation.
7. Write the detail about structure and functions of DNA.
8. Classify enzymes with examples and factors affecting enzyme activity.
9. Classify vitamins and write the functions and deficiency vitamin D.
10. Write the detail about sources, RDA, functions, mechanism, deficiency of vitamin A.
11. Write the sources, RDA, functions, regulation, deficiency of manifestation of Calcium.
12. Write the sources, RDA, functions, deficiency of manifestation of Iron.
13. Define PH, normal range blood PH, regulation, disturbance of Acid-Base balance.
14. Classify the hormones with examples, write the mechanism of steroid hormones.
15. Write the detail about sources, RDA, functions, mechanism, deficiency of vitamin C.

Short essay:

1. Classify the carbohydrate and its properties.

2. Functions of mucopolysaccharides.
3. Name the glycoprotein and functions.
4. Glycogen storage disease.
5. HMP shunt pathway and its significance.
6. Glycogenolysis.
7. Functions of lipoprotein and normal range of serum Lipid profile.
8. Name the Phospholipids and its Functions.
9. Name the plasma protein and its Functions.
10. Classifications of lipid with examples.
11. Name the ketone bodies and Ketogenesis.
12. Discuss about the Gout.
13. Types of RNA and functions.
14. Difference between DNA and RNA.
15. Classify enzymes with examples.
16. Name the Co-enzymes and discuss about NAD+ and FAD.
17. Write about Isoenzymes with examples.
18. Enzyme inhibition with examples.
19. Factors affecting enzyme activity.
20. Functions and deficiency of Thiamine.
21. Write the sources, RDA, functions and deficiency of Sodium.
22. Write the sources, RDA, functions and deficiency of vitamin K.
23. Functions and deficiency of Niacin.
24. One carbon Metabolism.
 25. Protein energy malnutrition.
26. Discuss about BMR.
27. Name the dietary fibers and functions.
28. Obesity.
29. Functions of adrenal hormones.
30. Mechanism of cAMP.
31. Name the thyroid hormones and functions.
32. Regulation of Blood PH.
33. Calcium homeostasis.
34. Glycogenesis.
35. Cori cycle.
36. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
37. Lactose intolerance.
38. Digestion and absorption of Lipid.
39. Digestion and absorption of Protein.
40. Functions of blood protein.

Short answers:
1. Define cell with examples.
2. Difference between Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
3. Functions of mitochondria.
4. Difference between homo and hetero polysaccharides.
5. Mutarotation.
6. Zwitter iron.
7. Significance of 2,3 BPG.
8. Define gluconeogenesis.
9. Significance of HMP shunt.
10. Name the essential amino acids.
11. Causes of hypoproteinemia.
12. Name the ketogenic amino acids.
13. Functions of plasma protein.
14. Functions of lipoproteins.
15. Functions of immunoglobulin.
16. Atherosclerosis.
17. BMI.
18. Functions of phospholipid.
19. Functions of cholesterol.
20. Chargaff’s rule.
21. Functions of mRNA.
22. Functions of tRNA.
23. Functions of rRNA.
24. Functions of DNA.
25. Name the iso enzymes.
26. Compstative inhibition with examples.
27. Define co enzyme with examples.
28. Digestive enzymes of carbohydrates.
 29. Digestive enzymes of protein.
30. Digestive enzymes of lipid.
31. Active site of enzyme with example.
32. What are the components of active sites.
33. What are oxidoreductase give example.
34. Define enzyme.
35. Define BMR.
36. Name the secondary messengers.
37. Functions of Calcium.
38. Functions of vitamin C.
39. Define respiratory quotient.
40. Functions sodium
41. Functions of Pottasium.
42. Functions of Zinc.
43. What is km and Vmax in enzyme kinetics.
44. Difference between steroid and non-steroid hormones.
45. Functions of insulin.
46. Functions of thyroid hormones.
47. Name the pituitary hormones.
48. Respiratory acidosis.
49. Metabolic acidosis.
50. Metabolic alkalosis.
51. Chyluria.
52. Regulatory hormones of blood sugar.

MCQs.
1. Which of the following is Milk sugar?
a. Mannose b. Fructose
c. Glucose d. Lactose

2. Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?

a. Lactose b. Maltose
c. Sucrose d. Fructose

3. Starch and glycogen are polymers of:

a. Frutose b. Mannose
c. Galactose d. Glucose

4. The carbohydrate reserve in human body is:

a. Starch b. Cellulose
c. Glucose d. Glycogen

5. Which of the following is not an aldose sugar?

a. Glucose b. Galactose
c. Mannose d. Fructose
6. Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide.
a. Dextrin b. Chitin
c. Inulin d. Heparin

7. Which of the following carbohydrate is a dietary fiber?

a. Cellulose b. Starch
c. Glycogen d. Inulin

8. Which of the following is an example of ω3 Fatty acid?

a. Linolenic acid b. Linoleic acid
c. Oleic Acid d. Arachidonic acid

9. Which of the following is an example of ω6 Fatty acid?

a.Linolenic acid b. Linoleic acid
c.Oleic acid d. Acetic acid

10. Cholesterol is transported from peripheral tissues to liver by

a. LDL b. HDL
c. VLDL d. chylomicron
11. Which of the following is a cardioprotective fatty acid
a.Palmitic acid b. Stearic acid
c.Oleic acid d. Omega 3 fatty acid

12. Bases not present in DNA is

a.Adenine b. cytosine
c.uracil d. thymine

13.Which among the following is a purine base

a.Adenine b. cytosine
c.urasil d. thymine

14. NAD and FAD are examples of

a) Isoenzymes b) Co enzymes
c) Apo enzymes d) Enzymes

15. Enzymes transfer one group(other than hydrogen) from the substrate to another substrate are
known as.
a) Oxidoreductases b) Transferases c) Lyases d) Ligases

16. ................ enzymes can hydrolyze ester, ether, peptide or glycosidic bonds by adding water and
then breaking the bond.
a) Oxidoreductases b) Hydrolases c) Lyases d) Ligases

17. ...........enzymes can remove groups from substrates or break bonds by mechanisms other than
hydrolysis.
a) Oxidoreductases b) Hydrolases c) Lyases d) Ligases
18. ...................enzymes link two substrates together, usually with the simultaneous hydrolysis of
ATP
a) Oxidoreductases b) Hydrolases c) Lyases d) Ligases

19. Competitive inhibition is usually

a) reversible b) irreversible c) Neutral d) both a & b

20. The temperature at which maximum amount of the substrate is converted to the product per unit
time is called the
a) optimumph b) optimum temperature c) enzyme substrate d) enzyme concentration

21. Vitamin A deficiency results in

a) Nyctalopia b) scurvy c) beriberi d) pellagra

22. Vitamin C deficiency results in

a) Nyctalopia b) scurvy c) beriberi d) pellagra

23. Vitamin B1 deficiency results in

a) Nyctalopia b) scurvy c) beriberi d) pellagra

24. Niacin deficiency results in

a) Nyctalopia b) scurvy c) beriberi d) pellagra

25. Active form of Vitamin D is

a) Calcitriol b) Calcitonin c) Retinol d) THF

26.Coenzyme form of pyridoxine is

a) TPP b) PLP c) THFA d) NAD+

27.Coenzyme form of Niacin is

a) TPP b) PLP c) THFA d) NAD+

28.------------------ is required for synthesis of clotting factors

a) vitamin A b) vitamin K c) vitamin C d) Vitamin D

29.Polyneuritis in alcoholics is due the deficiency of

a) Thiamine b) folic acid c) biotin d) pantothenic acid

30. Amylase present in saliva is:

A. α-amylase
B. β-amylase
C. γ-amylase
D. All of the above
31. Which of the following pathways is considered as “amphibolic” in nature?
A. Glycogenesis
B. Glycolytic pathway
C. Lipolysis
D. Citric acid cycle
32. The end product of aerobic glycolysis is
A. Pyruvate
B. Acetate
C. Malate
D. Lactate

33. The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources is called as

A. Glycolysis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Glycogenolysis
D. Gluconeogenesis
34. The net yield of ATP in anaerobic glycolysis is:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 10
D. 0

35. The net yield of ATP in aerobic glycolysis is:

A. 2
B. 7
C. 10
D. 0

36. Citric acid cycle takes place in

A. Cytosol
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
37. Which of the following proteins forms the core of glycogen primer?

A. Ferritin
B. Ceruloplasmin
C. Glycogenin
D. Lipoprotein
38. Long chain Fatty acids are transported from cytoplasm to Mitochondria by

A. Carnitine
B. Transferrin
C. Albumin
D. Ceruloplasmin

39. Net yield of ATPS from β Oxidation of one molecule of Palmitic acid is

A. 108
 B. 106
C. 104
D. 110

40. Which of the following lipoproteins is called as good cholesterol?

A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. chylomicron
41. Which of the following lipoproteins is called as bad cholesterol?
A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicron

42. Cholesterol is transported from liver to peripheral tissues by

A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicron

43. Cholesterol is transported from peripheral tissues to liver by

A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicron

44. The normal serum total cholesterol level is _______ mg/dl

A. 200-300
B. 50-100
C. 150-200
D. 400-500

45. Beta oxidation of fatty acids occurs in

A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus

46. Which of the following lipoproteins decreases the risk of coronary artery disease?
A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicron
47. Bile acids are synthesised form
A. Lipoprotein
B. Phospholipids
C. TGL
D. Cholesterol

48. Cholesterol is a precursor for all the following compounds except

A. Bile acids
B. Steroid hormones
C. Vitamin - D
D. Ketone bodies

49. Triacylglycerols are stored in

A. Adipose tissue
B. Liver
C. Muscle
D. Brain

50. Synthesis of creatinine requires

A. Tyrosine
B. Histidine
C. Glycine
D. Serine

51. The enzyme defective in phenylketonuria is

A. Cystathionase
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Homogentisic oxidase
D. Tyrosinase

52.Pepsin is secreted in
A. Intestine
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Pancreas

53. Synthesis of thyroid hormones require

A. Tryptophan
B. Tyrosine
C. Histidine
D. Glycine

54. Which of the following coenzymeS is required for transamination?

A. PLP
B. FAD
C. TPP
D. NAD

55. The normal serum level of Calcium is-

A. 12-15 mg/dl
B. 9-11 mg/dl
C. 3-5 mg/dl
D. 1-3 mg/dl

56. The normal serum level of phosphorus is-

A. 12-15 mg/dl
B. 9-11 mg/dl
C. 3-4 mg/dl
D. 5-10 mg/dl

57. Which of the following increases calcium absorption?

A. Vitamin D
B. Phytates
C. Oxalates
D. High phosphate

58. Which of the following is not required for calcium homeostasis?

A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Vitamin D
C. Growth hormone
D. Calcitonin

59. Trousseau’s sign is seen in

A. Tetany
B. Scurvy
C. Rickets
D. Pellagra

60. The normal serum level of sodium is-

A. 136-145 mEq/L
B. 100-110 mEq/L
C. 170-180 mEq/L
D. 50-60 mEq/L

61. The transport protein for iron is

A. Transferrin
B. Ferritin
C. Apoferritin
D. Ceruloplasmin

62. The storage protein for iron is

A. Transferrin
B. Ferritin
 C. Glycogen
D. Triacylglycerol

63. The vitamin that favours iron absorption is

A. Pantothenic acid
B. Nicotinic acid
C. Lipoic acid
D. Ascorbic acid

64. Iron excess is called as

A. Anemia
B. Hemosiderosis
C. Osteoporosis
D. Tetany

65. Major extra cellular anion is

A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Bicarbonate
D. Selenium

66. Idonine is required for the synthesis of

A. Growth hormone
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Insulin
D. cortisol

67. Major extracellular cation is

A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Bicarbonate
D. Selenium
68. The disease associated with copper metabolism is
A. Wilson’s disease
B. Beri beri
C. Rickets
D. Pellagra

69. Which of the following decreases calcium absorption?

a)Lysine and arginine b) Parathormone
c)Calcitriol d) Oxalates and Phytates

70. The calorific value of 1 g of carbohydrate is

A. 4 kcal /g
B. 9 kcal /g
C. 6 kcal /g
D. 7 kcal /g
71. The calorific value of 1 g of Fat is
A. 4 kcal /g
B. 9 kcal /g
C. 6 kcal /g
D. 7 kcal /g

72. The calorific value of 1 g of Protein is

A. 4.2 kcal /g
B. 9 kcal /g
C. 6 kcal /g
D. 7 kcal /g

73. Glycemic index is less in

A. Glucose
B. Cane Sugar
C. Fructose
D. Dietary Fibre

74. Dietary fibre is rich in

A. Collagen
B. Proteoglycan
C. Starch
D. Pectin

75. Limiting amino acid in rice is

a. Lysine and Threonine b. tryptophan, tyrosine
c. Phenylalanine and tyrosine d. Cysteine and methionine

76. Which of the following is true about Kwashiorkar?

a. Protein deficiency b. shrunken with skin and bone
c. serum cortisol increased d. calorie deficiency

77. Which of the following is true about Dietary Fiber?

a. Digestible carbohydrate b. Increases the cholesterol level
c. Green leafy vegetables are good sources d. Does not improve glucose Tolerance

78. Which of the following is atherogenic?

a. ω3 fatty acids b. ω6 fatty acids
c. Essential fatty acids d. Trans fatty acids

79. Trans fatty acids are high in

a. Fruits b. Processed food
c. Vegetables d. Plant oils

80.What is the normal serum total protein level?

A. 1 – 2 gms/dL
B. 6 – 8 mg/dL
C. 6 – 8 gms/dL
D. 8 – 10 gms/dL

81. The enzyme defective in Alkaptonuria is

A. Cystathionase
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Homogentisate oxidase
D. Tyrosinase

82. The enzyme defective in phenylketonuria is

A. Cystathionase
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Homogentisic oxidase
D. Tyrosinase
83. Melanin is synthesized from
A. Tyrosine
B. Tryptophan
C. Lysine
D. Leucine

84. Tyrosine can be synthesized from…..

A. Phenylalanine
B. Tryptophan
C. Lysine
D. Leucine

85. Synthesis of thyroid hormones require

E. Tryptophan
F. Tyrosine
G. Histidine
H. Glycine

86. The enzyme defective in Alkaptonuria is

A. Cystathionase
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Homogentisate oxidase
D. Tyrosinase

87. Normal renal threshold for glucose is ______ mg/dl

A. 140
B. 180
C. 240
D. 126
 88. Which of the following enzymes is first to rise in blood following myocardial infarction
a) SGOT b) CPK c) LDH d) SGPT

89. The number of Isoenzymes of CPK are

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

90. The earliest enzyme marker for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction is
a) LDH2 b) CPK-MB c) CPK-MM d) SGOT

91. The normal levels of CPK-Total in serum is

a) 0-100IU/L b) 0-25IU/L c) 0-40IU/L d) 15-45mg/dl

92. The normal levels of CPK-MB in serum is

a) 0-100IU/L b) 0-25IU/L c) 0-40IU/L d) 15-45mg/dl

93. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is elevated in

a) liver disease b) bone disorder c) prostate cancer d) pancreatitis

94. The marker enzyme for prostate cancer is

a) ALP b) Amylase c) Acid phosphatase d) Lipase

95. Amylase is elevated in

a) Acute pancreatitis b) Prostate cancer c) Bone disease d) Myocardial infarction

96. The diagnostic marker for the detection of alcohol is

a) ALP b) Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) c) Lipase d) Amylase

97. The mineral required for the activation of the enzyme glucokinase in glycolysis is
a) calcium b) magnesium c) iron d) sodium

98. Vitamin A is a -------------

a) fat soluble b) waters soluble c) sunshine vitamin d) anti beriberi vitamin
99. The sample used for blood gas analysis is ------------------
a. arterial bloodb. whole bood c. venous blood d. serum

100. ABG analyser is used to determine

a. pH b. pC02 c. pO2 d. All the above