PRE-SPANISH SPANISH REGIME PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION AMERICAN REGIME

 No formal schooling.
 Children were provided more
vocational training but lesser
academics, which were headed by
their parents or by their tribal tutors.
(Female children were thought by their
mother to do housekeeping, weaving,
basket-making, and other agriculture-
related activities. The father trained his
sons to be warriors, hunters, fishermen,
miners, lumbermen, and shipbuilders.)
 at least one primary school for boys
 Education was oral, practical, and
direct.
 ALIBATA/ BAYBAYIN is the ancient
writing system used and taught by
our ancestors.
 Education was religion-oriented.
 Friars establish Catholic schools to
teach catechism to the natives.
 Friars put great effort in teaching
natives to read believing that literacy
was the key to better lifestyles.
 The education was managed and
controlled by the friars.
 Education was for elite only.
 Boys and girls are separated.
 Educational Decree of 1863 (provided
and girls in each town)
 Educational systems was Inadequate,
suppressed and controlled.
*Curricular Reforms
 1. Secularization of education
 Instruction of Spanish
 Greater attention to natural science
 The design of a relevant curriculum
 Improvement of higher centers of learning
 Improvement of educational system
* Jose Rizal criticized unequivocally the friars’
method of instruction in his two novels Noli Me
Tangere and El filibusterismo.
 1.Disproportionate focus on religion
 Discourage the attempt of Filipino students
to speak in Spanish
 Lack of pedagogical skills
 Irrelevant courses in the curriculum
 Restoration of damaged school houses and build
new ones and conduct classes.
 American soldiers were the first teachers.
 Trained teachers replaced soldiers (Thomasites)
(more than 1000) and were scattered throughout
the islands to estbalish brgy schools.
 Americans taught Filipinos the English language.
 free primary education was provided and a
school for Filipino teachers was established
(January 1901)
 Bright Filipinos (pensionados) were sent to
America to study. Their education was financed
by the America.
 Religion-oriented education was abolished for
their primary mission is to teach and guide
Filipinos to govern its country by themselves.
 PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH
 President Quezon created the National Council
of Education in 1936 as an advisory body on
educational matters.
 vocational and adult education were given
emphasis.
 President Quezon greatly encouraged the revival
of native culture as well as desirable Filipino
values.
 Former Pres. Manuel L. Quezon issued his
famous the Code of Ethics which was mandated
to be taught in schools.
 Educational Act of 1940 - the elementary course
was reduced from 7 years to 6 years. The
minimum age for admission to Grade I was
raised to 7. The school calendar was also
changed so instead of the school year from June
to March, it was changed to July to April.

JAPANESE REGIME
 Nippon-go, the Japanese language, was made a
compulsory subject in all schools.
 classes in Nippon-go were opened to propagate
the Japanese language and culture.
 School calendar became longer
 No summer vacation for students
 Class size increased to 60
 Deleted anti-asian opinions, banned the singing
of american songs, deleted american symbols,
poems and pictures
 Nihongo as a means of introducing and
cultivating love for Japanese culture Social
Studies
 Japanese Catholic priests were sent to the
Philippines to help promote the idea that Japan,
being an Asian country, was a friend of all Asian
people’s including the Filipinos.
AFTER WW2
 In 1947, by the virtue of Executive
Order No. 94, the Department of
Instruction was changed to
"Department of Education." During
this period, the regulation and
supervision of public and private
schools belonged to the Bureau of
Public and Private Schools.
AFTER 1940
 The IloIlo Experiment was pioneered by the
Superintendent of the IloIlo school division; Dr.
Jose V. Aguilar. The experiment is about initiating
a 6-year experiment wherein English was the
medium of instruction in Grade 1-2, and in
7controlled schools, Hiligaynon was used as an
instructional medium. (1948)
 Schools are increasingly using instructional
materials that are Philippine-oriented.
 Memorandum No. 30, 1966 sets the order of
priority in the purchase of books for use in the
schools were as follows: Books which are
contributions to Phil. Literature Books on
character education and other library materials,
library equipment and permanent features.
 MARTIAL LAW PERIOD

 A bilingual education scheme was established in 1974, requiring  The bilingual policy in education was reiterated
Filipino and English to be used in schools. in the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.
 Science and math subjects as well as English language and 
literature classes were taught in English while the rest were taught
in Filipino.
 In 1972, the Department of Education became the Department of
Education and Culture (DECS) under Proclamation 1081, which was
signed by President Ferdinand Marcos.
 The Department of Education became the Department of
Education and Culture in 1972, the Ministry of Education and
Culture in 1978, and with the Education Act of 1982, the Ministry of
Education, Culture, and Sports.
 The 1973 Constitution set out the three fundamental aims of
education in the Philippines: to foster love of country; to teach the
duties of citizenship; and to develop moral character, self-
discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.
