PALU MINING POWER PLANT

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SPECIFICATION FOR PILE

OWNER : PT. ADIPROTEK ENVIRODUNIA

PROJECT : PALU MINING POWER PLANT 2x10MW

LOCATION : PALU, SULAWESI

CONTRACTOR : PT. ENVIROMATE TECHNOLOGY

INTERNATIONAL

DOCUMENT NO. : ETI-3655-3100-003-BEDD-0009

1 12 April 22 Issued For Approval GWN ISA UAN

REV DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

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REVISION HISTORICAL SHEET

REV. DATE DETAIL DESCRIPTION REVISED BY

1 12 April 22 Issued For Approval GWN

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DAFTAR ISI

1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Project Description......................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3. Definition ....................................................................................................................................... 4
2. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE ................................................................................................................... 4
3. CODES AND STANDARDS ................................................................................................................... 4
4. MATERIAL............................................................................................................................................. 5
5. TRANSPORTATION & HANDLING (LOADING & UNLOADING) ............................................................. 5
6. STORING .............................................................................................................................................. 5
7. SETTING OUT ....................................................................................................................................... 6
8. PC PILE 6
8.1. Preparation of PC Pile Driving ........................................................................................................ 6
8.2. PC Pile Splicing ............................................................................................................................. 8
8.3. PC Pile Driving ............................................................................................................................ 10
8.4. Tolerance .................................................................................................................................... 11
8.5. Reporting .................................................................................................................................... 11
8.6. PC Pile Driving Criteria ................................................................................................................ 12
9. SPUN PILE DATA ................................................................................................................................ 13
10. TEST PILE........................................................................................................................................... 13
10.1 General ....................................................................................................................................... 13
10.2 Static Load Test .......................................................................................................................... 13
10.3 PDA Test..................................................................................................................................... 24
11. LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................................................... 29
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Project Description
PT. Adiprotek Envirodunia which engaged in provision of energy sector including oil and gas to built Palu
Mining Power Plant 2x10MW, have been collaborated with PT. Enviromate Technology International located
on Citra Palu Mineral Gold Mine area in Central Sulawesi.

1.2. Objectives
This document covers the specification for pile works which will be required for detail engineering execution.
All detail civil engineering calculations will refer to this document.

1.3. Definition
Definitions used in this document will not violate other definitions used in other documents which is:
COMPANY PT. Adiprotek Envirodunia.

CONTRACTOR COMPANY that undertakes a contract to provide materials or labor to perform

a service or do a job
VENDOR The party which supply materials, equipment, technical document/ drawing,
and service to perform the duties by the CONTRACTOR.
PROJECT All documents which are prepared, revised, and issued for accelerating the
DOCUMENT project execution, such as correspondence, drawings, specifications,
requisitions, purchase orders, VENDOR prints, etc.

2. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
Where conflict arises, the order of precedence will be:
 INDONESIA Laws and Regulations
 Owner Specification (if any)
 International Codes and Standards
 This Specification

3. CODES AND STANDARDS

The codes and standards listed below shall be considered as integral parts of this specifcation.
ACI 301/301M : Specification for Structural Concrete
JIS A5335 : PC Pile
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ACI 318M-14 : Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete

ACI 347R : Guide to Formwork for Concrete
SNI 2847:2019 : Structural Concrete
SNI 2049:2015 : Portland Cement

4. MATERIAL
a) Driven Pile (PC Pile)
PC Pile used is precast concrete to meet the standards of ACI 543R or JIS A 5335 or equivalent with f’c=500
kg/cm2 concrete strength and using Portland Cement type I with Silica Fume or equivalence. Minimum
content of Silica Fume is 20.6% as reference in ASTM C150. Testing shall be done according to ACI 543R
or manufacturer’s standard.

5. TRANSPORTATION & HANDLING (LOADING & UNLOADING)

Transportation, loading and unloading of PC Pile from the shipment location to project site specified by
COMPANY shall be conducted under the responsibility of Contractor and shall be implemented with utmost
care. PC Pile enduring damage during handling and shipment shall be inspected by COMPANY to decide
whether the PC Pile concerned is acceptable or unacceptable. The position of the rope shall be as follows
when loading and unloading the pile:

Figure 1 Position of rope when loading and unloading piles

Note: (A) Centrifugal Reinforcing Bar Concrete Pile
(B) Centrifugal Prestress Concrete Pile
(C) Piles Longer Than 6 m

6. STORING
The storing location of PC Pile to be used shall be placed as close as possible to the work location and shall
be arranged according to its sequence of work execution. The storing shall be done with closed storage and
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good drainage to avoid corrosion and/or deterioration on PC Pile and firm ground, grade the land evenly,
dry ground and lay props in short intervals. For each bundle of pipes, prop them in the same position and
do not heap up more than 10 piles on top of another. The position of the sleeper shall be as follows when
storing piles:

Figure 2 The Position of sleeper when storing piles

7. SETTING OUT
 Before work was begun, the Contractor should perform setting out precisely using a experienced
worker, to determine the drive position for PC Pile as planned by the Engineer.
 The contractor should report everything that occurred in the site that is expected to disrupt the work
continuity in writing to COMPANY, hence such interference can be handled as soon as possible.
 If public facilities and other utilities are founded in the site, the Contractor shall keep all these facilities
to remain able to function during the execution took place. All costs needed to protect / maintain the
facility / utility there, including resetting damaged by Contractor’s error, should have been anticipated
in the bid.

8. PC PILE
8.1. Preparation of PC Pile Driving
8.1.1 Equipment

a. Before mobilizing the piling equipment (Crane, Hammer, Leads, Hammer Components, Pile Followers,
and/or Jets), hammer shall be inspected to examine its condition and shall attain approval from
COMPANY.
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b. Piling equipment, hammer and hammer pads shall be selected and adjusted to the requirement for
reaching the necessary penetration and required PC Pile capacity without causing any damage.
c. Any hammer found unsuitable to be used during PC Pile Drive shall be changed with the correct
hammer.

8.1.2 Value Numbering

Numbering shall be made by giving mark with paint at specified interval of the entire length of pile and the
numbering shall be painted at this interval starting from the lower part of pile.
One-third of the upper part of pile shall be marked at interval of 25 cm, while the remaining two-third of the
lower part of pipe shall be marked at interval of 50 cm.

8.1.3 Work of Sequence of Piling

Work sequence of PC Pile Drive shall be planned carefully to prevent displacement and lifting of PC Pile
that has been piled due to the piling of other pile. This is the work sequence of piling:
a. Mobilization Piling Machine to The Site:
Firstly, clarify the location that the piling machine has to be moved to. After that, the piling
machine will be moving in to the location in site. The piling machine will be set on place.
b. Driving Initial Pile:
After bringing in the piling machine, first pile or starter pile or initial pile will be ready to drive in to
the ground by following the pile point that shown in the construction drawing. The initial pile will
be driven in to the ground until maximum or can’t be driving in anymore.
c. Driving Extension Pile:
If initial pile has been fully driving in to the ground, the second pile or extension pile will be
jointing to the initial pile and drive again. The extension pile will be driving into the ground until
maximum as the initial pile.
d. Cutting Off Pile Head:
The pile cut off elevation refers to the top of pile elevation indicated in the plans and “pile cutoff”
refers to the excess length of furnished pile above this elevation. After piles have been driven to
the minimum tip elevation, the cutoff elevation shall be marked on the piles.
e. Preparation of Pile Head of Pile Cap:
After cutting off the excessive pile, excavate the soil surrounding of the pile about 300 mm
depth for preparation of pile cap.
f. Load Test:
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There are two kinds of load test for pile, those are axial loading test (with minimum safety factor is
3) and lateral loading test. The purpose of load test is to test the strength of the pile. A certain load
will be putting on the pile for a certain period. If the PC Pile is crack, which mean the PC Pile is
failed to support the load. If the PC Pile left for certain days without any crack, which mean the PC
Pile is strong enough to carry the load of the building. Normally load test will be carried on before
driving the pile to the ground. If the load test for the PC Pile is failed, then the contractor has to
supply another batch of PC Piles.

8.1.4 PC Pile Location

PC Pile shall be placed at the specified location points according to the specified construction design.

8.1.5 Blow Count and Measurement

The total of blow count for each marked number at 50 cm and 100 cm interval shall be noted. Penetration,
rebound and the fall height of hammer shall be noted and recorded.
The final set specified in the final piling criteria shall be reached minimum at the requirement in PC Pile
Driving Criteria.

8.1.6 Cutting and Installation of Bearing Plate

The acceptable equipment and tools used to cut PC Pile - to prevent PC Pile from damage during the
cutting - shall attain approval from COMPANY.

8.2. PC Pile Splicing

8.2.1 General Requirements

The detailed welding procedure as well record on qualification test for chief welder shall be submitted by
Contractor to COMPANY to attain written approval before commencing the work.
The required welding position shall be in accordance with the provisions in 6G or 2G and 5G. The welder
assigned in this work shall meet the qualification under ANSI/AWS D1.1 or ASME Chapter I (see sub-chapter
9.1(3)). Alternatively, the welding procedures with supportive PQR (Procedure Qualification Record) as well
the record on qualification of welder certified under ASME Chapter IX can be changed with sub-chapter 9.1
(2).
Centering of piles which to be spliced has to be done before the welding are conducted.
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8.2.2 Welding

Welding connection for PC Pile shall be full penetration groove weld.

When connecting two PC Post, the end of PC Pile to be connected shall be aligned accurately within the
commercial tolerance with regard to its diameter, thickness and outer cycle.
The welding connection end shall be in accordance with provisions of 3.2 ANSI/AWS D1, after being brushed
and grinding for cleaning possible scale, crust, rust, grease/oil and other foreign agents.
Before conducting welding on the previous metal deposit, all crust shall be cleaned from welding and the
nearby base metal must be grinded to make the surface smooth and further it will be brushed.
If the surface base used for welding is moist, wet due to rain or in case of wind blow more than 10 m/sec,
suitable protection shall be made.
Regarding SMAW (Shield Metal Arc Welding) processing, it shall use only electrode of Low Hydrogen Type
(AWS Class SFA 5.1, E7016 or 7018). Other welding material such as of high cellulose type or illumenit type
shall not be used.
Electrode of Low Hydrogen Type mentioned shall be dried in the oven at temperature of 300ºC until 400ºC
for 1 hour before being put to use.
The drying process shall not be executed more than twice.
After conducting drying the welder shall store the electrode of Low Hydrogen type in a portable dryer at
temperature of 100ºC until 150ºC for preventing absorption of air moisture.
When welding is completed, it shall be inspected and examined to make sure that all surface of concrete
connection shall have been coated with coal tar epoxy coating or of the equivalent.

8.2.3 Inspection

All welding output shall be visually inspected based on acceptance standard and requirements in ANSI /
AWS D1.1 Section 8.15 “Quality of Weld” & Section 3.6 “Weld Profile”.
Welding shall not contain fracture, undercut of depth more than 0.8 mm, open surface porosity, and shall
not contain crust.
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Figure 3 Concrete Spun Pile Splicing

8.3. PC Pile Driving
The placement of PC Pile shall be as accurate as possible within the tolerated limits in the location and piled
to reach the specified position as shown in the drawing. The piling equipment and PC Pile shall be
maintained in its position accurately during piling. Once starting with the pile driving of PC Pile, it shall be
proceeded without stop, except for connecting, until the piling of PC Pile is completed. The pile driving
criteria shall be evaluated and revised by COMPANY based on PC Pile Drive data during early phases of
pile driving and PC Pile load testing, then such criteria shall be used as control for the next piling. To prevent
pole from freezing-up in the ground, the piling shall only be stopped for minimum time necessary for
connecting the PC Pile (approx. 30 minutes). Pile driving shall done using fixed lead which will maintain PC
Pile in its accurate position and having accurate axial alignment by hammer. During the pile driving, PC Pile
end shall be protected with pads made of strong dry wood. The type of pads shall be approved by
COMPANY before being used. If PC Pile cannot be penetrated any deeper, the pile driving shall be done
carefully to prevent PC Pile from damage due to excessive pile driving. Each penetration per one blow shall
not less than 2 mm or the total blow shall not exceed 2,000 blows. CONTRACTOR shall report to COMPANY
to specify the methods to be taken in case the following situations occur:
 Experiencing obstacle during PC Pile drive.
 PC Pile cannot be penetrated any deeper where the elevation of end pole is less than the specified
depth.
 The PC Pile drive criteria specified cannot be met due to the elevation of the end specified.
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Regarding PC Pile that enduring damage before cut-off elevation during piling or not being piled within the
tolerated limits as specified below, necessary actions shall immediately be taken to repair PC Pile or taking
other actions prior to COMPANY approval.
When pile driving for PC Pile group, it shall be driven from the inside part towards outside to prevent
densification and burdened piling in the inside part.
Re-driving is required if PC Pile lifted more than 25 mm to properly provide support towards PC Pile end.
If the pile driving of PC Pile will cause hazardous interruption towards the surrounding facility, structure, etc.
Contractor shall report to COMPANY to attain approval before starting the work.
Before starting the pile driving, if necessary, to make initial dig due to the following hole, CONTRACTOR
shall report to COMPANY to attain approval from starting the work:
 To attain load service of particular design from PC Pile strength specified previously in statistic
calculation, therefore if clay is used, the diameter of initial hole shall not bigger than 75% of the pile size
and if sand is used, the diameter of initial hole shall not bigger than 50% of the PC Pile section.
 To attain the desired design length, the dig of initial hole shall be stopped at minimum 3.0 meter
above the specified penetration level.
 If necessary it is important to minimize displacement in the soft clay layer, and to handle part of PC Pile
emerging to the surface due to volume displacement, the diameter of initial hole to be drilled shall not
bigger than 75% of the outside size of pile and shall not smaller than 150 mm of the pile size.
 Necessary benchmark survey needs to be undertaken after piling, if it is predicted that there would be
any part of the pile emerging to the surface.

8.4. Tolerance
Limits tolerated in the PC Pile Drive are as follows:
a. PC Pile shall be piled according to the tolerated limits as follows:
 For batter pile, maximum slope is 1 cm for every 100 cm of pile length along longitude axis;
 Maximum 75 mm in horizontal section of any direction of the position shown the drawing.
b. PC Pile shall be cut at specified elevation as shown in the technical drawing with tolerance of +/- 12
mm.

8.5. Reporting
In logbook on piling, Contractor shall store the complete record for each PC Pile and shall provide
information mentioned below every day to COMPANY:
a. Time and date of work commencement / termination for every piling work.
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b. Description on foundation, location, drawing number and PC Pile number (no double PC Pile number).
c. Size and type of PC Pile.
d. Pile hammer used (model, size, weight)
e. Total of blow and penetration
f. Elevation of ground surface.
g. Elevation of lower end of PC Pile if piling is completed.
h. Observation towards ground surface.
i. Cut off elevation.
j. PC Pile length existing.
k. Storing in center cut off level from its actual position.
l. Special remark if available.

8.6. PC Pile Driving Criteria

Pilling shall be done according to the criteria to be mentioned below:
 Allowable capacity of PC Pile can be temporary calculated using Hiley formula as follows:
WxH
a) Ru  or
S  0 .5 K
WxH W  n 2Wp
b) Ru  x
S  K W  Wp
whichever is the best output shall use the following formula:
Ru  N f
Ra 
FS
where:
Ra = Provisional allowable pile capacity, (ton)
Ru = Provisional ultimate pile capacity, (ton)
Fs = Safety Factor (3.0 for Hiley method)
H = Hammer height (cm), average for 10 final set
n = Restitution Coefficient (0.25 for concrete)
Wp = Pile weight (ton)
W = Weight of Hammer (ton)
S = Final set (cm), average for 10 final set
K = Rebound (cm), average for 10 final set
Nf = Negative skin friction, if available (ton)
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This provisional driving criteria shall be have correction based on the result of PC Pile loading test and
PDA test (Pile Driving Analysis), of which the totality of PC Pile section acceptable under PDA test shall
not less than 75%.
 PC Pile shall be piled according to the final piling criteria. The final piling criteria shall be specified based
on PC Pile loading test and PDA test (Pile Driving Analysis). Pile should be re-analyzed with the existing
length.
 The spun pile’s characteristic should be analyzed with accordance to soil investigation result. The
bearing value (from end bearing and skin friction) will be different in certain soil condition.

9. SPUN PILE DATA

 Outside diameter : 400 mm
 Wall Thickness : 75 mm
 Length : 6000 mm
 Class : A2
 Concrete Compressive Strength fc’ : 52 MPa (Cube 600 kg/cm2)
 PC Strand (Seven-Wire for Prestressed Concrete) : Grade 270 (Low Relaxation Type)
 Allowable Compression : 121.1 ton
 Decompression Tension : 38.62 ton
 Bending Moment Crack : 5.5 ton-m
 Bending Moment Break : 8.25 ton-m

10. TEST PILE

10.1 General
The test pile shall be done in accordance with the requirements specified in this specification. The contractor
shall prepare all equipment necessary to perform test pile, including the preparation of all things related to
work, such as permits, securing locations around the point of testing and others. All the personnel involved
on this test should have experienced, so that work can be done well. Test pile is using unused pile and pile
that are tested shall be 1 pile.

10.2 Static Load Test

This test has three primary objectives:
 To establish load-deflection relationships in the pile-soil system,
 To determine capacity of the pile-soil system, and
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 To determine load distribution in the pile-soil system.

a. Types of Reaction Load
Apply the load to the pile by jacking against a reaction with one or more hydraulic jacks. The reaction
is provided by one of the following methods:
 Reaction Frame
Install two or more reaction piles, or anchors, for the reaction frame (Fig. 3) after the installation of
the test pile. For driven piles, locate these reaction piles not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or the sum of 5
reaction pile diameters and 5 test pile diameters (whichever of the two criteria is the greater
distance) from the test pile or reference beam supports. For drilled shafts or micropiles, locate
these reaction piles not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or 5 reaction pile diameters (whichever of the two
criteria is the greater distance) from the test pile or reference beam supports. These distances are
measured between the faces of the test pile and reaction piles. Anchors, if used, must be designed
with sufficient free length so as not to interfere with the load test pile or the reference system.
Design the reaction frame and reaction piles to resist four times the pile design load indicated in
the contract documents without undergoing a magnitude of deflection exceeding 75 percent of
maximum travel of the jack.

Figure 4 Typical Setup for a Reaction Frame

 Weighted Box or Platform
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Construct a weighted box or platform (Fig. 4) over the test pile, supported on cribbing or on other
piles installed after the test pile.
(i) Cribbing Support
For driven piles, drilled shafts or micropiles, locate the nearest face of the cribbing support not
less than 10 ft. (3 m) or 5 test pile diameters (whichever of the two criteria is the greater
distance) from the test pile or reference beam supports. Measure these distances between,
the test pile face and the nearest face of the cribbing supports. A greater spacing between the
cribbing supports and test pile or reference system may be required to prevent foundation
stresses caused by the cribbing from affecting the test.
(ii) Pile Support
For driven piles, locate these support piles not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or the sum of 5 support
pile diameters and 5 test pile diameters (whichever of the two criteria is the greater distance)
from the test pile or reference beam supports. For drilled shafts or micropiles, locate these
support piles not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or 5 reaction pile diameters (whichever of the two criteria
is the greater distance) from the test pile or reference beam supports. Measure these
distances between the test pile face and the nearest face of the pile supports.
Design the load beam and transfer beam to resist four times the pile design load indicated in
the contract documents, without undergoing a magnitude of deflection exceeding 75 percent
of maximum travel of the jack. Load the weighted box or platform with earth, sand, concrete,
water, pig iron, or other suitable material to obtain a total weight of at least four times the pile
design load indicated in the contract documents.
The load beam for a reaction frame may bear on the load transfer beam with no connections.
The load beam may need stiffeners at the points of bearing. The beam may need truss work,
not shown in the figure, to prevent excessive bending and resulting ram extension in excess
of the seventy-five percent (75%) of the maximum travel of the jack.
The pressure intensity exerted on the ground surface from any cribbing must not exceed the
bearing capacity of the soil or cause settlement of the test pile and/or measurement system.
Design the load beam and transfer beam to resist four times the pile design load indicated in
the contract documents, without undergoing a magnitude of deflection exceeding 75 percent
of maximum travel of the jack. Load the weighted box or platform with earth, sand, concrete,
water, pig iron, or other suitable material to obtain a total weight of at least four times the pile
design load indicated in the contract documents.
The load beam for a reaction frame may bear on the load transfer beam with no connections.
The load beam may need stiffeners at the points of bearing. The beam may need truss work,
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not shown in the figure, to prevent excessive bending and resulting ram extension in excess
of the seventy-five percent (75%) of the maximum travel of the jack.
The pressure intensity exerted on the ground surface from any cribbing must not exceed the
bearing capacity of the soil or cause settlement of the test pile and/or measurement system.

Figure 5 Typical Setup for A Weighted Box or Platform

b. Load Application System

Apply load with one more hydraulic jacks, having a capacity of at least four times the pile design load
indicated in the contract documents. Use jacks with a minimum travel of 6 in. (150 mm), but not less
than 25 percent of the test pile’s maximum cross-section dimension. Equip the jack(s) with spherical
bearing plates, to bear firmly and concentrically against the pile bearing plate and load-beam bearing
plate. Use an automatic load-maintaining pump with manual supplement to control load application.
Use a pressure gage for the jack so that the pressure reading corresponding to the pile design load
indicated in the contract documents is between one-fourth and one-third of maximum gage pressure.
Place a load cell as shown in Figures 3 and 4 to measure strains for load monitoring during the load
test. Arrange and construct the elements of the load-application system as follows:
 Cut off the pile butt and cap it to provide a level bearing surface perpendicular to the pile axis.
Use a steel plate for H-piles and empty cast-in-place piles, or a neat cement paste for concrete
piles, timber piles, micropiles, drilled shafts or cast-in-place piles filled with concrete.
 To distribute load over the piles entire cross-section, place a solid steel billet of sufficient
thickness (1 in. (25 mm) minimum) to prevent bending as a bearing plate between the capped
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pile and the jack base. The size of the solid steel billet shall be not less than the size of the
pile butt or less than the area covered by the jack base.
 Place the load application system (including hydraulic jack, spherical bearing andload cell)
between the bearing plate on the pile and the centre of the underside of the load beam.
 To distribute load over the entire width of the load beam, place another solid steel billet of
sufficient thickness (1 in. (25 mm) minimum) as a bearing plate between the load beam and
the load application system.
 Construct the system so that all components are centred along the pile's longitudinal axis, to
ensure application of a concentric axial load.
 Immediately before starting a load test, verify that at least 1 in. (25 mm) of clear space exists
between the upper bearing plate and load beam, or the upper bearing plate and load
application system.
c. Measuring Apparatus and Site Protection
Provide apparatus for measuring deflection consisting of a primary system, at least one auxiliary
system, and a network of settlement reference points. Establish two fixed independent benchmarks at
least 50 ft. (15 m) from the test site to monitor the settlement reference points. If desired, the auxiliary
system may also be referenced to these benchmarks. Clearly identify all measuring devices, scales,
and reference points with numbers or letters to ensure accurate data recording:
1. Primary System for Measuring Devices (Figures 5 & 6)
Provide one of these primary instrument packages to monitor movement of the pile top:
 Three linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) and a readout unit. Use DC/DC-
type displacement transducers having at least 6 in. (150 mm) of travel and a linearity of
0.5 percent or less. Supply a readout unit having a minimum display of 3-1/2 digits,
capable of monitoring output from at least three DC/DC-type LVDTs.
 Three dial gages having at least 2 in. (50 mm) of travel, an adequate number of suitable
gage blocks to increase the travel to at least an additional 4 in. (100 mm), and a precision
of 30 μm.
Align the measuring devices parallel to the longitudinal axis of the test pile and the axis of load
application. Attach the devices to a simply supported reference beam, completely independent of
the test pile and loading apparatus. Ensure the load application system will not interfere with any
measuring devices during any part of the test. For driven piles, embed the reference beam supports
at least 10 ft. (3 m) into the ground, at a horizontal distance of not less than 10 ft. (3 m), 5 reaction
pile diameters, or 5 test pile diameters (whichever of theses is the greater distance) from the closest
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face of the test pile and from any reaction piles or supports for the weighted box or platform. For
drilled shafts or micropiles, embed the reference beam supports at least 10 ft. (3 m) into the ground,
at a horizontal distance of not less than 10 ft. (3 m) or 5 pile diameters (whichever of the two criteria
is the greater distance) from the closest face of the test pile and from any reaction piles or supports
for the weighted box or platform.
Maintain a clear distance of 6 in. to 12 in. (150 mm to 300 mm) from the test pile to the reference
beam or any projection used to support a dial. The beam and projections should be at about the
same elevation as the attachments to the pile on which the measuring devices will bear.
Attach the dial gage supports to the reference beam so as to allow the stem of each device to rest
on an attachment to the pile sides. To mount hardware and pile attachments for LVDT devices use
materials, such as brass, aluminium, or 303 Series stainless steel, to avoid magnetic interference
with the instruments. The pile attachments are angles, about 3 in. x 4 in. (75mm x 100 mm) with
the 4 in. (100 mm) dimension projecting from the pile. For round piles, place these attachments on
the perimeter of the pile at a 120° spacing and an equal radial distance. For piles of other cross-
section, place the attachments at convenient locations as approved by the COMPANY.
Surfaces on which the gage stems bear should have a smooth finish, such as glass or sheet acrylic,
attached by an epoxy or other suitable material approved by the COMPANY.
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Figure 6 Typical Setup for Measuring System

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Figure 7 Measuring Device

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d. Pile and Static Pile Load Test Criterion

1. Pile failure criteria
Pile failure is identified by a failure load. The failure load is defined as that load at which:
 The load vs. gross deflection curve reaches a slope of 1/32” per kip of applied load (0.15
mm per kN of applied load), or
 Criteria specified in the contract documents.
 In addition, for driven piles only:
 Top deflection equal to B/60 + PL/AE, where:
 B is the pile diameter or width (in. (mm)),
 P is load (kips (kN)),
 L is length (in. (mm)),
 A is cross-section (in2 (mm2)), and
 E is modulus of elasticity (ksi (GPa)).
2. Static pile load test acceptance criteria
The acceptance of a Static Pile Load Test will be based on the following:
 The pile was installed in accordance with its respective specification,
 The pile was tested in accordance with the test procedures contained in this manual,
 Telltale readings validate that no load was transferred to the soil in the bond breaker
length (when a bond breaker is specified),
 The acceptable test pile meets any other criteria indicated in the contract documents, and
For CONTRACTOR designed micropiles, acceptance of a Static Pile Load Test also requires that the
micropiles was loaded and unloaded successfully to a minimum of two times the micropiles design load
without attaining the failure criteria.
e. Procedure for The Incremental Static Load Test
Perform one or more incremental static load tests, as specified in the contract documents, to determine
load-deflection relationships and load distribution.
 Test procedure:
Load and unload the test pile incrementally in three cycles, unless an alternative procedure is
specified in the contract documents. Apply each load increment to the pile in as short a period
as physically possible. The maximum load applied is twice the pile design load indicated in the
contract documents unless failure. Failure Criteria, occurs first. The required load increments
are expressed as a percentage of the pile design load indicated in the contract documents.
Magnitude and sequence of load increments for the three loading cycles are as follows:
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Table 10.1 Design Load Cycle for Static Load Test

Cycle Percent of Maximum Design Load

1 0, 50, 100, 50, 0

2 0, 50, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 150, 100, 50, 0

3 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 (24-hr hold), 150, 100, 50, 0

 Maintain each load increment until the deflection rate under the applied load, or rate of rebound
from the previous load increment, is less than 50 μm in 15 minutes. The minimum period for
maintaining a load increment, however, is 30 minutes and an increment may be removed after
having been maintained for 2 hours, regardless of rate of deflection or rebound. When 200
percent of the design load has been applied during Cycle 3, provided the pile has not failed,
leave this load in place for 24 hours. When the pile has rebounded to zero load at the end of
Cycle 3, maintain zero load at least 1 hour. Maintain each load constant and note any
adjustments to the jack in the "Remarks" column on the Time-Settlement Data Sheet.
 If the pile fails before application of the 200-percent load, rebound it to zero load as specified
in the table above.
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Figure 8 Typical of Cycle Load (in kN) vs Settlement (in millimetres) during Load Test
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Figure 9 Typical of Cycle Load Increment (in kN) vs Settlement (in milimeters) for static loading test
 The capacity of the test piles was selected as the greater capacity defined by two failure
criteria. The first criteria establishes the allowable design capacity as "50 percent of the applied
test load which results in a net settlement of the top of the pile of up to 1.3 cm, after rebound,
for a minimum of one hour at zero load." The second criterion uses Davisson's criteria as
described below.
 The Davisson offset limit load criterion was used on the project to define the ultimate capacity,
or failure, of the test piles. The ultimate load is interpreted as the point at which the
displacement of the pile head meets a limit that is offset to the elastic compression line of the
pile. For piles less than 61 cm in diameter, the limit is defined by the following linear
relationship:
S f  S e  0.38  0.008D 
where,
𝑠𝑓 = Movement of pile top (cm).
D = Pile diameter or width (cm).
𝑆𝑒 = Elastic compression of total pile length (cm).
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The elastic compression in this case refers to the pile deflection that would occur if 100 percent
of the applied load was transferred to the toe of the pile (i.e., zero shaft friction), and is given
by the following equation:

QL
Se 
AE (2)
where,
Q = Applied load.
L = Total length of pile.
A = Cross-sectional area of the pile.
E = Modulus of elasticity of the pile.
The average load in the pile at the midpoint between two telltale locations was estimated from
the elastic shortening of the pile using the following equation:
D1  D2
Q avg  AE (3)
L
where,
A = Area of pile.
E = Modulus of elasticity of the pile.
D1 = Deflection at upper telltale location.
D2 = Deflection at lower telltale location.
ΔL = Distance between the upper and lower telltale locations.
 Both equations 2 and 3 require the modulus of elasticity of the pile. The specifications require
that the elastic modulus be determined via compression tests performed on representative
concrete samples (ASTM C 469-87a). However, this method is not really applicable to the
concrete-filled steel pipe piles. It was common practice on the CA/T project to use the upper
telltale and pile head deflections to calculate the modulus of the pile using equation 3. This
approach was justified by assuming that any pre-augering that was performed prior to pile
installation would reduce the shaft friction, especially near the pile head. In some cases, the
elastic modulus of the PPC piles was determined from a combination of telltale and
compression test data.
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10.3 PDA Test

This special provision governs driving piles with a pile driving analyzer (PDA) in accordance with the plans
and as approved by the COMPANY. The PDA test method is described in ASTM D4945, “Standard Test
Method for High-Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles”.
The test shall be conducted for at least 2 piles point in plant area.
Submit the proposed pile driving methods and equipment (Pile Driving Equipment Data Form) in accordance
with related specification PROJECT’s documents. COMPANY will respond with preliminary approval or
rejection of the proposed pile driving methods and equipment. Preliminary approval is required before driving
piles with a PDA. Notify COMPANY of the pile driving schedule in advance.
Either a PDA Consultant or equivalence as approved by COMPANY, shall perform PDA testing and analysis.
If required, retain a PDA Consultant and submit experience documentation with the proposed pile driving
methods and equipment.
The CONTRACTOR will determine the number of piles and which piles to be tested with the PDA based
upon the subsurface conditions and the pile installation sequence and progress.
COMPANY will complete the review of the proposed pile driving methods and equipment and provide the
required driving resistance.
COMPANY will receives the PDA report completes the PDA testing. A PDA report for PDA testing on multiple
piles may be required as directed by COMPANY.
Provide a list of PDA Operators and the contractor that will be assigned to this project. Submit
documentation for each PDA Operator verifying employment with the PDA Consultant and a minimum of 1
year experience in collecting PDA data with past projects of scope and complexity similar to that anticipated
for this project. Submit documentation for COMPANY include references, certifications, etc.
Provide piles for PDA testing that are 5 ft (1.5 m) longer, or as directed by COMPANY, than the estimated
pile lengths shown on the plans. Supply suitable electrical power to operate the PDA equipment.
Provide a suitable protected area to protect the PDA equipment and operator from conditions of sun, water,
wind and temperature. If necessary, provide shelter to maintain a temperature between 50 and 85 degrees
F (10 and 30 degrees C). Place the protection within 75 ft (23 m) of the pile such that the PDA cables reach
the computer and the operator can clearly observe the pile. The Contractor may waive the shelter
requirement if weather conditions allow.
Drill up to a total of 16 bolt holes in either 2 or 4 sides of the pile, as directed by the PDA Consultant or the
CONTRACTOR, at an approximate distance equal to 3 times the pile diameter below the head of the pile.
If the PDA Consultant or the CONTRACTOR choose to drill the bolt holes, provide the necessary equipment,
tools and assistance to do so. A hammer drill is required for concrete piles and up to 2 hours may be required
to drill the holes.
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Lift, align and rotate the pile to be tested with the PDA as directed by the PDA Consultant or the
CONTRACTOR. Place the pile in the leads and template so that the PDA instruments and their
accompanying wires will not be damaged.
The PDA Consultant or the CONTRACTOR will furnish the PDA measuring instruments and materials for
installing the instruments.
Attach the PDA instruments as directed by the PDA Consultant or the CONTRACTOR after the pile is placed
in the leads and the template.
Use only the preliminarily approved pile driving methods and equipment to drive piles with the PDA
instruments attached.
Drive the pile as directed by the PDA Operator or the CONTRACTOR in order to measure the wave speed
of the pile.
Drive the pile to the required bearing capacity and specified tip elevation, if applicable, as shown on the
plans or as directed by the PDA Consultant or the CONTRACTOR. During pile driving, the PDA will be used
to evaluate, including but not limited to, the following: hammer performance, bearing capacity, distribution
of soil resistance, pile driving stresses, energy transfer, pile integrity and various soil parameters such as
quake and damping.
The PDA Operator or the CONTRACTOR may require the COMPANY to approve modification of pile
installation procedure during driving as follows:
 Reduce the hammer energy,
 Drive deeper or shallower because of variations in the subsurface conditions,
 Readjust the transducers
 Realign the pile.
The CONTRACTOR is responsible in terms of both actual expense and time delays for any damage to the
PDA instruments and supporting equipment due to the CONTRACTOR’s fault or negligence. Replace any
damaged equipment at no additional cost.
When directed by the CONTRACTOR, reattach the PDA instruments and restrike or redrive the pile.
Obtain the required stroke and penetration (at least 6 in or 150 mm) or as directed by the PDA Operator or
the CONTRACTOR.
The PDA Operator or the CONTRACTOR will record dynamic measurements during restriking and redriving.
The CONTRACTOR may require restriking and redriving more than once on the same pile.
The CONTRACTOR will determine when PDA testing has been satisfactorily completed.
The PDA Consultant shall perform analysis of the PDA raw data with the CAPWAP (version 2006 or later).
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At a minimum, analysis is required for a hammer blow near the end of initial drive and for each restrike and
redrive.
Additional CAPWAP analysis may be required as determined by the PDA Consultant or the COMPANY’s
representative.
Submit three hard copies and an electronic copy (pdf or jpeg format on CD or DVD) of a PDA report to
CONTRACTOR within 5 calendar days and to COMPANY within 7 calendar days after field testing is
complete. The PDA report shall include but not be limited to the following:
1. Title Sheet
 Project description
 Pile location
 Personnel
 Report date
2. Introduction
3. Site and Subsurface Conditions (including water table elevation)
4. Pile Details
 Pile type and length
 Required bearing capacity and factor of safety
 Concrete compressive strength and/or steel pile yield strength
 Pile splice type and locations
 Pile batter (if any)
 Installation methods including use of jetting, preaugering, spudding, vibratory hammer,
template, barge, etc.
5. Driving Details
 Hammer make, model and type
 Hammer and pile cushion type and thickness
 Pile helmet weight
 Hammer efficiency and operation data including fuel settings, bounce chamber pressure,
blows per minute, equipment volume and pressure
 Ground or mud line elevation and template reference elevation at the time of driving
 Final pile tip elevation
 Driving resistance (ram stroke, blows per foot (0.3 meter) and set for last 10 hammer
blows)
 Restrike and redrive information
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6. PDA field work details

7. CAMWAP analysis results
Table showing percent skin and tip, skin and toe damping, skin and toe quake and match quality.
8. Summary/Conclusions
9. Attachment
 Boring log(s)
 Pile Driving Equipment Data Form (from CONTRACTOR or SUBCONTRACTOR)
 Field pile driving inspection data (from CONTRACTOR)
 Accelerometer and strain gauge locations
 Accelerometer and strain gauge serial numbers and calibration information
 PDA hardware model and CAPWAP software version information
 Electronic copy of all PDA raw data and executable CAPWAP input and output files
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11. LAMPIRAN