Summary and objective :

.In this Lab we got to Learn the operation of a buck chopper -

- observed the relationship between the switching control signal and the
waveforms of the voltage and current at the output of the MOSFET buck chopper

- We have verified that the dc voltage at the MOSFET buck chopper output is proportional to
the duty cycle of the switching control signal

- we have found that the maximum dc voltage that can be obtained at the MOSFET buck
chopper output is slightly lower than the dc voltage at its input

List of equipment:
1) Mobile Workstation
2) Two Resistive Load
3 (Smoothing Inductors
4 (Capacitive Load
5(DC Voltmeter/Ammeter
6(Power Supply
7(Power IGBTs / MOSFETs
8(Chopper / Inverter Control Unit
9(Current/Voltage Isolator
 Part1 :
# Circuit Diagram 1 (Circuit to observe the operation of the MOSFET buck
chopper.)

# measurement
Vs=100Vdc
Duty VOLTAGE INPUT INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUPUT POWER OUTPUT Duty cycle
cycle SOURCES CURRENT POWER VOLTAG CURRENT POWER EFFICIENC VOLTAGE Oscilloscope
VS I, Dc Pi E E, dc I, Dc Po Y cal

D V mA w V mA w V Dos
e

0.2 100 10 6 20 50 6 100 25 0.25

5
0.5 100 10 1 50 120 1 100 50 0.5
0.7 100 10 12 70 160 11.2 93.3 75 0.75
5

Table 1. Measurements for of the MOSFET buck chopper.

# Discussion
In the this table we build a Circuit to observe the operation of the MOSFET buck chopper

First We adjust source to 100 Vdc

Also We adjust various duty cycle from chopper / invertor control unit ( 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 )

After that we got the result for input current from Dc ammeter

Then we measured the input power from this equation

Pi = (Vi sourse x I in measured)

Second we measured output of voltage and current from Dc voltmeter/ Current ammeter

Also the output power by using

Po = (Vo measured x Io measured)

Third calculate power efficiency and output voltage :

Po
power efficiency = ×100
Pi

vcal = DVin

Finally calculate the Duty cycle Oscilloscope

It can do it by this formula :
Ton
D= × 100
Ton+Toff

250× 10−6
−3 = 0.25
1× 10

500× 10−6
= 0.5
1× 10−3
 −6
750× 10
−3 = 0.75
1× 10

- From the waveforms sketched, explain why a low dc voltage appears across the load,
as indicated by the DC Voltmeter/Ammeter.
Due to a low duty cycle

- Describe how the dc voltage at the MOSFET buck chopper output varies when the
duty cycle of the switching control signal is increased.

When the duty cycle increase, the output voltage increases as well

- Explain why this circuit is referred to as a buck chopper, knowing that the duty cycle of
the switching control signal is now set to maximum.

Output voltage is less than input voltage

- Does the polarity of the dc current flowing in the load change as the duty cycle of the
switching control signal varies?

Yes No

- In which direction does the power flow?

From source to load

- Explain why current still flows in the load when the switching control signal is at 0 V
(MOSFET switched off).

Due to free-wheeling diode

- Does the frequency of the switching control signal have a significant effect on the dc
voltage and current the MOSFET buck chopper provides? If so, describe this effect.
No change due to PWM
- Does the frequency of the switching control signal have a significant effect on the
ripple on the current flowing in the load? If so, describe this effect.
Yes, if frequency increases the ripple decreases
Is the power at the output of the MOSFET buck chopper nearly equal to the power at its
input? Yes No
Does the measured output voltage correspond to the calculated output voltage?
Yes No

# waveform by oscilloscope
Duty cycle = 25%

Here as we can see the wave form on oscilloscope for

MOSFET buck chopper.at 25% duty cycle 1kHz

Duty cycle = 50%

Here as we can see the wave form on oscilloscope for

MOSFET buck chopper.at 50% duty cycle 1kHz

Duty cycle = 75%

Here as we can see the wave form on oscilloscope for MOSFET buck chopper.at 75% duty
cycle 1kHz

# waveform by draw
# simulation (MATLAB)
D = 25 %
D= 50%
D= 75%
Review questions :
1. A MOSFET buck chopper is powered by a 300-V dc power supply. What is the
output voltage range of this chopper if the duty cycle can vary between 5 and
95%?

At duty cycle of 5%
Vout = D(Vin) = 0.05 (300) = 15V
At duty cycle of 95%
Vout = D(Vin) = 0.95(300) = 285V

2. Briefly describe the operation of the MOSFET buck chopper?

Modes of operation:

• Mode 1 (ON):
When Q1 is on at t = 0, the input current rises and flows through the inductor L, the
capacitor C, and load R.

• Mode 2 (OFF):
– When Q1 is switched off at t = t1, the freewheeling diode Dm conducts due to energy
stored in the inductor and the inductor current continues to flow through L, C, load, and
diode Dm.

– The inductor current falls until transistor Q1 is switched on again in the next cycle.

3. Explain why a diode is connected across the output terminals of a MOSFET buck
chopper?

When MOSFET (Q) switches on, the dc power supply voltage (VI) is applied to the load,
the diode (D) automatically switches off, and the current flowing in the load (Io) starts to
increase. When MOSFET (Q) switches off, the dc power supply voltage is no longer
applied to the load, in that moment the diode (D) automatically switches on, and the
current continues flowing in the load through diode but it starts to decrease. This diode
is referred to as a free-wheeling diode since it provides an alternative path for the load
current, which continues to flow when MOSFET (Q) is off

4. Describe the effects the switching control signal frequency has on the output
 voltage and current of a MOSFET buck chopper? Explain

The dc voltage at the buck chopper output (Vo is proportional to the dc voltage at the buck chopper input
(Vi) and the time MOSFET Q is on during each cycle. This time, which is referred to as the on-time (t on),
is in turn proportional to the duty cycle a (t on/T) of the switching control signal applied to the gate of
MOSFET Q. The equation relating voltages VOut and VIn is given by the expression:

Thus, voltage Vo can be varied by varying the duty cycle . Since the duty cycle can vary between 0
and 1, voltage V0 cannot exceed voltage VI. Varying the frequency of the switching control signal while
maintaining the duty cycle constant does not vary

the voltage V0 and the dc current at the buck chopper output (I0). However, the ripple on the current I0
decreases as the frequency of the switching control signal increases.

Conclusion :
 In conclusion , the laboratory was interesting and helpful to do, this lab experiment enabled
me To become familiar with the a buck chopper. Moreover experiment was useful for to know
the relationship between the switching control signal and the waveforms of the voltage and
current at the output of the MOSFET buck chopper. Also how effect duty cycle . finally there
was some mistake and solve it . and we are looking forward to gaining more and more
knowledge about power electronic next lab .