T R CG P

� ) 60 0)
2416 6 10
)7 T WR C G P
 ' 0 5 0' s .KIJVPKPI 2T VGEVK P )WKFG
TF WRFCVGF GFKVK P
CU H GEGODGT

+5 0

5WTIG 2T VGEVK P
.KIJVPKPI 2T VGEVK P 'CTVJKPI
5CHGV[ 'SWKROGPV
' 0 RT VGEVU

'*0 5²*0' )OD* % -)

*CPU GJP 5VT
2 UVHCEJ
0GWOCTMV
)GTOCP[

2J PG
PVGPVU
(CZ
KPH "FGJP FG
YYY FGJP KPVGTPCVK PCN E O

actiVsense, BLITZDUCTOR, Blitz bel, BLITZPLANER, CUI,

DEHN, DEHN logo, DEHNARRESTER, DEHNbloc, DEHNbridge,
DEHN x, DEHNgrip, DEHNguard, DEHNport, DEHNQUICK,
'*0TCRKF '*0UEJØV V '*0UJKGNF '*0UPCR '*0XGPVKN
*8+ .KHG%JGEM 4GF .KPG p OKV 5KEJGTJGKV '*0p CPF VJG
E N WT VTCFG OCTM pTGFp CTG TGIKUVGTGF VTCFGOCTMU KP )GTOCP[
T KP VJGT E WPVTKGU

6JG RT FWEV VGTOU OGPVK PGF KP VJG .KIJVPKPI 2T VGEVK P )WKFG

VJCV CTG CNU TGIKUVGTGF VTCFGOCTMU JCXG P V DGGP UGRCTCVGN[
OCTMGF 6JGTGH TG KV ECPP V DG E PENWFGF HT O CP CDUGPV v
T OCTMKPI VJCV C VGTO KU CP WPTGIKUVGTGF VTCFGOCTM 'SWCN
N[ KV ECPP V DG E PENWFGF HT O VJG VGZV YJGVJGT RCVGPVU WVKNKV[
RCVGPVU T VJGT KPVGNNGEVWCN CPF KPFWUVTKCN RT RGTV[ TKIJVU GZKUV
H T C RT FWEV

9G TGUGTXG VJG TKIJV V OCMG EJCPIGU KP FGUKIP VGEJP N I[

FKOGPUK PU YGKIJVU CPF OCVGTKCNU KP VJG E WTUG H VGEJPKECN
RT ITGUU +NNWUVTCVK PU CTG P V DKPFKPI 9G CEEGRV P NKCDKNKV[
for misprints, modi cations and errors. Reproduction, even in
GZVTCEVU KU PN[ RGTOKVVGF YKVJ RTK T E PUGPV

2WDNKECVK P 0 5 '
… % R[TKIJV '*0 5²*0'
2TGHCEG 0 FCN CPCN[UKU

5 C G H G CT H T G PU CNNC P H +PH TOCVK P P VJG '*0 KUVCPEG 6 N

N I P PI RT GE P U U GOU '*0 'CTVJKPI 6 N ECNEWNCVK P H VJG NGPIVJ
+PUVCNNCVK P UVCPFCTFU H GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU CEE TFKPI V +'%
'0
9 TM E PVTCEVU
3.3.4 DEHN Air-Termination Tool; calculation of the
2T FWEV UVCPFCTFU NGPIVJ H CKT VGTOKPCVK P T FU CEE TFKPI V
CTCE GT U EU H N I P PI EWTTGP +'% '0
.KIJVPKPI FKUEJCTIG CPF NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV EWTXGU +PURGEVK P CPF OCKPVGPCPEG
2GCM XCNWG H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV 3.4.1 Types of inspection and quali cation of
KPURGEV TU
5VGGRPGUU H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV TKUG
+PURGEVK P OGCUWTGU
%JCTIG H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
EWOGPVCVK P
2.5 Speci c energy
/CKPVGPCPEG
.KIJVPKPI EWTTGPV E OR PGPVU
2.7 Assignment of lightning current parameters to �I P PI RT GE P U U GO
NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P NGXGNU
GTPCN N I P PI RT GE P
.KIJVPKPI EWTTGPV OGCUWTGOGPVU H T WRYCTF
5.1 Air-termination systems
and downward ashes
6[RGU H CKT VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU CPF FGUKIP
GU IP PI C N I P PI RT GE P OGVJ FU
U U GO 5.1.2 Air-termination systems for buildings with gable
0GEGUUKV[ H C NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO s T HU
.GICN TGIWNCVK PU 5.1.3 Air-termination systems for buildings with at
'ZRNCPCV T[ P VGU P VJG +'% T HU
'0 UVCPFCTF 4KUM OCPCIGOGPV 5.1.4 Air-termination systems on metal roofs
5 WTEGU H FCOCIG V[RGU H FCOCIG CPF V[RGU 5.1.5 Air-termination system for buildings with
H N UU VJCVEJGF T H
(WPFCOGPVCNU H TKUM CPCN[UKU 5.1.6 Accessible roofs
(TGSWGPE[ H FCPIGT WU GXGPVU 5.1.7 Air-termination system for green and at roofs
2T DCDKNKVKGU H FCOCIG +U NCVGF CKT VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU
. UU Air-termination system for steeples and churches
4GNGXCPV TKUM E OR PGPVU H T FKHHGTGPV V[RGU H 5.1.10 Air-termination systems for wind turbines
NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU
5.1.11 Air-termination rods subjected to wind loads
6 NGTCDNG TKUM H NKIJVPKPI FCOCIG
5CHGV[ U[UVGOU CPF NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
5GNGEVK P H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
YP E PFWEV TU
OGCUWTGU
GVGTOKPCVK P H VJG PWODGT H F YP E P
3.2.9 Loss of economic value / Pro tability of pro-
FWEV TU
VGEVK P OGCUWTGU
YP E PFWEV TU H T C P P KU NCVGF NKIJVPKPI
%CNEWNCVK P CUUKUVCPEGU
RT VGEVK P U[UVGO
'*0UWRR TV 6 ND Z FGUKIP CUUKUVCPEG
+PUVCNNCVK P H F YP E PFWEV TU
'*0 4KUM 6 N TKUM CPCN[UKU CEE TFKPI V
0CVWTCN E OR PGPVU H C F YP E PFWEV T
+'% '0
5.2.2.3 Test joints
'*0 KUVCPEG 6 N ECNEWNCVK P H VJG
UGRCTCVK P FKUVCPEG CEE TFKPI V +'% +PVGTPCN F YP E PFWEV TU
'0 % WTV[CTFU

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 YP E PFWEV TU H CP KU NCVGF GZVGTPCN NKIJV P GTPCN N I P PI RT GE P
PKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T OGVCN KPUVCNNCVK PU
*KIJ X NVCIG TGUKUVCPV KPUWNCVGF F YP E P /KPKOWO ET UU UGEVK P H T GSWKR VGPVKCN
FWEV T s *8+ % PFWEV T D PFKPI E PFWEV TU CEE TFKPI V +'%
/CVGTKCNU CPF OKPKOWO FKOGPUK PU H T CKT '0
VGTOKPCVK P CPF F YP E PFWEV TU 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T R YGT UWRRN[
/ WPVKPI FKOGPUK PU H T CKT VGTOKPCVK P U[U U[UVGOU
VGOU CPF F YP E PFWEV TU 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T KPH TOCVK P VGEJP
%JCPIGU KP NGPIVJ H OGVCN YKTGU N I[ U[UVGOU
'ZVGTPCN NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO H T CP 2T GE P H GNGE T ECN CP GNGE T P E
KPFWUVTKCN CPF TGUKFGPVKCN DWKNFKPI U U GOU CIC PU � 2
+PUVTWEVK PU H T O WPVKPI T H E PFWEV T .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P PG E PEGRV
J NFGTU
52/ OCPCIGOGPV
'CTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU
%CNEWNCVK P H VJG OCIPGVKE UJKGNF CVVGPWCVK P
'CTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU KP CEE TFCPEG YKVJ H DWKNFKPI T O UJKGNFU
+'% '0
%CDNG UJKGNFKPI
'CTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU H WPFCVK P GCTVJ
'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI PGVY TM
GNGEVT FGU CPF H WPFCVK P GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU H T
URGEKCN UVTWEVWTCN OGCUWTGU 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI CV VJG D WPFCT[ H
.2 A CPF .2
4KPI GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU s 6[RG GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU
'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T OGVCN KPUVCNNCVK PU
5.5.4 Earth rods – Type A earth electrodes
'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T R YGT UWRRN[
'CTVJ GNGEVT FGU KP T EM[ IT WPF
U[UVGOU
/GUJGF GCTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU
'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T KPH TOCVK P VGEJP
% TT UK P H GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU N I[ U[UVGOU
'CTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU YKVJ C URGEKCN H EWU 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI CV VJG D WPFCT[ H
P E TT UK P .2 A CPF .2
( TOCVK P H ICNXCPKE EGNNU E TT UK P 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T OGVCN KPUVCNNCVK PU
5GNGEVK P H GCTVJ GNGEVT FG OCVGTKCNU 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T R YGT UWRRN[
% ODKPCVK P H GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU OCFG H U[UVGOU
FKHHGTGPV OCVGTKCNU 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T KPH TOCVK P VGEJ
1VJGT CPVK E TT UK P OGCUWTGU P N I[ U[UVGOU
/CVGTKCNU CPF OKPKOWO FKOGPUK PU H GCTVJ 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI CV VJG D WPFCT[ H
GNGEVT FGU .2 CPF .2 CPF JKIJGT
'NGEVTKECN KU NCVK P H VJG GZVGTPCN NKIJVPKPI 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T OGVCN KPUVCNNCVK PU
RT VGEVK P U[UVGO s 5GRCTCVK P FKUVCPEG 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T R YGT UWRRN[
5VGR CPF V WEJ X NVCIG U[UVGOU
% RKPI YKVJ V WEJ X NVCIG CV VJG F YP E P 'SWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T KPH TOCVK P VGEJP
FWEV TU H C NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO N I[ U[UVGOU
1RVKOKUCVK P H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P GCTVJKPI % TFKPCVK P H VJG RT VGEVK P OGCUWTGU CV
E PUKFGTKPI UVGR X NVCIG CURGEVU FKHHGTGPV .2 D WPFCTKGU
/CPWHCEVWTGToU VGUV H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P 2 YGT UWRRN[ U[UVGOU
E OR PGPVU +PH TOCVK P VGEJP N I[ U[UVGOU
KOGPUK PKPI H GCTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU H T +PURGEVK P CPF OCKPVGPCPEG H VJG .'/2 RT
VTCPUH TOGT UVCVK PU VGEVK P OGCUWTGU U[UVGO

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 5GNGE P PU CNNC P CP CUUGODN
H UWTIG RT GE G G EGU 52 U
2 YGT UWRRN[ U[UVGOU CU RCTV H VJG NKIJVPKPI
RT VGEVK P PG E PEGRV CEE TFKPI V
+'% '0
%JCTCEVGTKUVKEU H 52 U
7UG H 52 U KP XCTK WU U[UVGOU
7UG H 52 U KP 60 U[UVGOU
7UG H 52 U KP 66 U[UVGOU
7UG H 52 U KP +6 U[UVGOU
GVGTOKPCVK P H VJG E TTGEV E PPGEVKPI ECDNG
NGPIVJU H T 52 U
4CVKPI H VJG ET UU UGEVK PCN CTGCU CPF DCEMWR
RT VGEVK P H T UWTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU
5WTIG CTTGUVGT YKVJ KPVGITCVGF DCEMWR HWUG
+PH TOCVK P VGEJP N I[ U[UVGOU
/GCUWTKPI CPF E PVT N U[UVGOU
WKNFKPI OCPCIGOGPV U[UVGOU
)GPGTKE ECDNKPI U[UVGOU E ORWVGT PGVY TMU
VGNGE OOWPKECVK P U[UVGOU
+PVTKPUKECNN[ UCHG OGCUWTKPI EKTEWKVU
8.2.5 Aspects to be observed for the installation of
52 U
2T VGEVK P CPF CXCKNCDKNKV[ H KPUVCNNCVK PU
VJCPMU V OCKPVGPCPEG UVTCVGIKGU
9 G RCRGTU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T HTGSWGPE[ E PXGTVGTU
.KIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG RT VGEVK P H T WVF T
NKIJVKPI U[UVGOU
.KIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG RT VGEVK P H T DK ICU RNCPVU
9.4 Retro tting sewage plants with lightning and
UWTIG RT VGEVK P OGCUWTGU
5CHGV[ TGSWKTGOGPVU H T ECDNG PGVY TMU TGO VG
UKIPCNU U WPF UKIPCNU CPF KPVGTCEVKXG UGTXKEGU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T CITKEWNVWTCN DWKNFKPIU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T %%68 U[UVGOU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T RWDNKE CFFTGUU U[UVGOU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T GOGTIGPE[ CNCTO U[UVGOU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T -0: U[UVGOU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T 'VJGTPGV CPF (CUV 'VJGTPGV
PGVY TMU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T VJG / DWU
Surge protection for PROFIBUS FMS, DP and PA
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T VGNGE OOWPKECVK P
E PPGEVK PU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T .' OCUV NKIJVU
.KIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG RT VGEVK P H T YKPF
VWTDKPGU
2T VGEVK P H EGNN UKVGU ) .6'
.KIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG RT VGEVK P H T T HV R
RJ V X NVCKE U[UVGOU
9.19 Lightning and surge protection for free eld
28 R YGT RNCPVU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T . ECN 1RGTCVKPI 0GVY TMU
.10U
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T RGVT N UVCVK PU
2T VGEVK P HT O V WEJ CPF UVGR X NVCIGU H T
UR TVU IT WPFU
.KIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG RT VGEVK P H T I NH E WTUGU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T EJWTEJGU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T NKIJV UVTKRU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T NKHVU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T UO MG CPF JGCV GZVTCEVK P
U[UVGOU
)GPGTCN KPUVTWEVK PU P NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
H T UJGNVGTU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T IWVVGT JGCVKPI U[UVGOU
7UG H CRRNKECVK P RVKOKUGF V[RG E ODKPGF
CTTGUVGTU KP N Y X NVCIG KPUVCNNCVK PU
5WTIG RT VGEVK P H T UCHGV[ NKIJVKPI U[UVGOU
.KIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG RT VGEVK P H T R VGPVKCNN[
GZRN UKXG CVO URJGTGU
.KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU H T ICU RTGUUWTG
E PVT N CPF OGCUWTGOGPV U[UVGOU
.KIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG RT VGEVK P H T [CEJVU
PPG
A. References
(KIWTGU CPF VCDNGU
C Terms and de nitions
D. Abbreviations
' 6GEJPKECN U[OD NU
( +PFGZ
� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 2TGHCEG

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
5KPEG KVU H WPFCVK P KP VJG p.KIJVPKPI 2T VGEVK Pq 6GEJ
PKECN % OOKVVGG +'% 6% H VJG +PVGTPCVK PCN 'NGEVT VGEJPKECN
% OOKUUK P +'% JCU RWDNKUJGF PWOGT WU UVCPFCTFU P VJG
V RKEU H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P H T DWKNFKPIU RT VGEVK P H GNGE
VT PKE U[UVGOU TKUM CPCN[UKU CPF UKOWNCVK P H NKIJVPKPI GHHGEVU
2CTVU V H VJG KPVGTPCVK PCN +'% UVCPFCTF UGTKGU
YJKEJ YCU RWDNKUJGF KP NCKF VJG H WPFCVK P H T NKIJVPKPI
RT VGEVK P UVCPFCTFU CPF VJGKT CRRNKECVK P 6JKU UVCPFCTF UG
TKGU YCU RWDNKUJGF CNO UV CV VJG UCOG VKOG CU VJG 'WT RGCP
NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P UVCPFCTF UGTKGU '0 2CTVU V
6JG GPVKTG +'% UVCPFCTF UGTKGU YCU HWTVJGT FGXGN RGF DGVYGGP
2006 and 2010 and was nally published as IEC 62305 Parts
V GFKVK P KP GEGODGT 9JKNG VJG CF
CRVCVK PU YGTG KPVGTPCVK PCNN[ CEEGRVGF PN[ 2CTVU CPF
YGTG CEEGRVGF P VJG 'WT RGCP NGXGN CPF YGTG RWDNKUJGF CU
'0 F EWOGPVU KP 1EV DGT 2CTV J YGXGT YCU CFCRVGF
to European requirements, improved and nally published as a
'WT RGCP UVCPFCTF KP /CTEJ
9JGP FGUKIPKPI CPF KPUVCNNKPI NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
E PVTCEV TU YKNN JCXG V DUGTXG VJG +'% '0
UVCPFCTF UGTKGU V E ORN[ YKVJ VJG UVCVG H VJG CTV 6 VJKU GPF
VJG[ OWUV OCMG VJGOUGNXGU HCOKNKCT YKVJ VJG E PVGPV H VJG
PGY NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P UVCPFCTFU
'WT RGCP VTGCVKGU TGSWKTG VJCV E WPVTKGU E ORNGVGN[ CF RV 'W
ropean standards on the national level (not only in the eld
H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P 6JGTGH TG CFFKVK PCN KPH TOCVK P KU
RT XKFGF KP VJG H TO H PCVK PCN UWRRNGOGPVU 6JGUG UWRRNG
OGPVU CTG P V E PVTCFKEV T[ V VJG CEVWCN UVCPFCTF CPF CTG
PN[ KPH TOCVKXG HT O C NGICN R KPV H XKGY 5KPEG VJGUG UWRRNG
'*0 5²*0' 0GWOCTMV
OGPVU YGTG RTGRCTGF D[ FKHHGTGPV GZRGTVU OCP[ CURGEVU HT O
UEKGPEG CU YGNN CU HT O VJG FGUKIP KPUVCNNCVK P CPF KPURGEVK P
H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU YGTG VCMGP KPV CEE WPV 6JG
UWRRNGOGPVU CTG UVCVG H VJG CTV CPF OWUV DG DUGTXGF
6JKU TGXKUGF CPF E PUKFGTCDN[ GZVGPFGF GFKVK P H VJG .KIJV
PKPI 2T VGEVK P )WKFG KU UWRR UGF V OCMG GZRGTVU KP VJKU
eld (designers or installers) familiar with the new IEC 62305
'0 UVCPFCTF UGTKGU ( T VJKU RWTR UG WT .KIJVPKPI
2T VGEVK P )WKFG KPENWFGU E ORTGJGPUKXG RTCEVKECN U NWVK PU
H T FKHHGTGPV CRRNKECVK PU +V CNU RT XKFGU IGPGTCN KPH TOCVK P
on the wide-ranging eld of lightning and surge protection
which is a major business area of DEHN where the fourth gen
GTCVK P KU P Y KP EJCTIG
At this point we would like to thank Mr Thomas Dehn, former
'*0 /CPCIKPI 2CTVPGT H VJG VJKTF IGPGTCVK P H T JKU N PI
UVCPFKPI E OOKVOGPV V UEKGPEG TGUGCTEJ CPF GFWECVK P 6JKU
D M Y WNF P V JCXG DGGP RWDNKUJGF YKVJ WV JKO
6JG VJKTF GFKVK P H WT .KIJVPKPI 2T VGEVK P )WKFG KU P Y
CXCKNCDNG CPF YG J RG VJCV VJKU IWKFG YKNN DG WUGHWN V [ W
9G MKPFN[ CUM [ W V JGNR WU KORT XG WT .KIJVPKPI 2T VGE
VK P )WKFG 2NGCUG F P V JGUKVCVG V UGPF [ WT E TTGEVK PU CPF
UWIIGUVK PU V NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P IWKFG"FGJP FG 9G CTG
N MKPI H TYCTF V [ WT HGGFDCEM CPF YG YKNN F WT DGUV V
E PUKFGT KV KP VJG PGZV GFKVK P
'*0 5²*0' GEGODGT
� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 5VCVG H V G CTV H T V G
KPUVCNNCVK P H NKI VPKPI
RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
 +PUVCNNCVK P UVCPFCTFU TGOCKPKPI TGUKFWCN TKUM KU FGVGTOKPGF 5VCTVKPI YKVJ VJG WP
RT VGEVGF UVCVG H VJG DWKNFKPI VJG TGOCKPKPI TKUM KU TGFWEGF
9KVJ VJG PGY +'% '0 UVCPFCTF UGTKGU VJG UVCVG CPF TGFWEGF WPVKN KV KU DGN Y VJG V NGTCDNG TKUM 6JKU OGVJ F
of the art in the eld of lightning protection is incorporated ECP DG D VJ WUGF H T C UKORNG FGVGTOKPCVK P H VJG ENCUU H
KP C WPKH TO CPF WRFCVGF KPVGTPCVK PCN 'WT RGCP UVCPF .25 KP CEE TFCPEG YKVJ +'% '0 CPF V
CTF 6JG CEVWCN NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P UVCPFCTFU +'% GUVCDNKUJ C E ORNGZ RT VGEVK P U[UVGO CICKPUV NKIJVPKPI GNGE
'0 CPF +'% '0 CTG RTGEGFGF D[ VT OCIPGVKE KORWNUGU .'/2 KP CEE TFCPEG YKVJ +'%
VY IGPGTCN UVCPFCTF RCTVU +'% '0 CPF '0
'0 6CDNG 6JG UWRRNGOGPVU V
VJG )GTOCP UVCPFCTFU KPENWFG KOR TVCPV PCVK PCN KPH TOCVK P 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 UVCPF
6CDNG CTF 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 '
UVCPFCTF .KIJVPKPI VJTGCV KP )GTOCP[
+' '0 )GPGTCN RTKPEKRNGU This supplement includes a map of the ground ash density
6JKU RCTV E PVCKPU KPH TOCVK P CD WV VJG TKUM H NKIJVPKPI 0I KP )GTOCP[ 0I KU TGSWKTGF H T C TKUM CPCN[UKU CEE TFKPI V
UVTKMGU NKIJVPKPI EJCTCEVGTKUVKEU CPF VJG TGUWNVKPI RCTCOGVGTU +'% '0
H T UKOWNCVKPI VJG GHHGEVU H NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU +P CFFKVK P CP
XGTXKGY H VJG +'% '0 UVCPFCTF UGTKGU KU IKXGP 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 UVCPF
2T EGFWTGU CPF RT VGEVK P RTKPEKRNGU YJKEJ H TO VJG DCUKU H T CTF 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 '
VJG H NN YKPI RCTVU CTG GZRNCKPGF UVCPFCTF CNEWNCVK P CUUKUVCPEG H T CUUGUUOGPV H
TKUM H T UVTWEVWTGU
+' '0 4KUM OCPCIGOGPV 6JKU UWRRNGOGPV KPENWFGU C ECNEWNCVK P CUUKUVCPEG H T CU
4KUM OCPCIGOGPV KP CEE TFCPEG YKVJ +'% UGUUKPI VJG TKUM CEE TFKPI V +'% '0
'0 KPENWFGU C TKUM CPCN[UKU V FGVGTOKPG YJGVJGT V RT VGEV UVTWEVWTGU CPF RGTU PU CEE TFKPI V +'%
lightning protection is required. A technically and economi '0 CU YGNN CU GNGEVTKECN CPF GNGEVT PKE U[UVGOU KP
cally optimum protection measure is then de ned. Finally, the UVTWEVWTGU CEE TFKPI V +'% '0

Classi cation 6KVNG

+'% '0 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV NKIJVPKPI 2CTV )GPGTCN RTKPEKRNGU
+'% '0 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV NKIJVPKPI 2CTV 4KUM OCPCIGOGPV
+'% '0 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV NKIJVPKPI 2CTV 2J[UKECN FCOCIG V UVTWEVWTGU CPF NKHG JC CTF
+'% '0 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV NKIJVPKPI 2CTV 'NGEVTKECN CPF GNGEVT PKE U[UVGOU YKVJKP UVTWEVWTGU
6CDNG .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P UVCPFCTFU XCNKF UKPEG GEGODGT

5VCPFCTF 5WRRNGOGPV 6KVNG

.KIJVPKPI VJTGCV KP )GTOCP[
+0 '0 %CNEWNCVK P CUUKUVCPEG H T CUUGUUOGPV H TKUM H T UVTWEVWTGU
Additional information for the application of DIN EN 62305-2 (VDE 0185-305-2)
Additional information for the application of DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3)
Additional information for special structures
+0 '0 Additional information for the testing and maintenance of lightning protection systems
7UG H OGVCNNKE T HU KP NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
.KIJVPKPI CPF XGTX NVCIG RT VGEVK P H T RJ V X NVCKE R YGT UWRRN[ U[UVGOU
+0 '0 5JCTKPI H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
6CDNG 5WRRNGOGPVU V VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 UVCPFCTF

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 UVCPF GNGEVT FGU OCPWCNN[ T KPFWUVTKCNN[ RT FWEGF E OR PGPVU CPF
CTF 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 ' E TT UK P RT VGEVK P OGCUWTGU YGTG CNU CFFGF T KNNWUVTCVGF
UVCPFCTF FFKVK PCN KPH TOCVK P H T VJG CRRNKECVK P in gures.
H +0 '0 8 '
This supplement includes information and gures to make it 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0
GCUKGT V WUG CPF WPFGTUVCPF VJG UVCPFCTF CPF E PUKFGTU PGY UVCPFCTF 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 '
ndings. UVCPFCTF FFKVK PCN KPH TOCVK P H T URGEKCN
UVTWEVWTGU
+' '0 2J[UKECN FCOCIG V 6JKU UWRRNGOGPV KPENWFGU KPH TOCVK P P URGEKCN UVTWEVWTGU
UVTWEVWTGU CPF NKHG JC CTF UWEJ CU J URKVCNU UR TVU IT WPFU UYKOOKPI DCVJU UKN U YKVJ
6JKU RCTV FGCNU YKVJ VJG RT VGEVK P H UVTWEVWTGU CPF RGTU PU R VGPVKCNN[ GZRN UKXG CTGCU JKIJ TCEM YCTGJ WUGU UGYCIG
HT O OCVGTKCN FCOCIG CPF NKHG VJTGCVGPKPI UKVWCVK PU ECWUGF RNCPVU CPF DK ICU RNCPVU VJWU VCMKPI KPV CEE WPV VJG VGEJP
D[ VJG GHHGEVU H NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPVU T FCPIGT WU URCTMKPI N IKECN FGXGN ROGPV XGT VJG NCUV [GCTU
especially in the event of direct lightning strikes. A lightning
RT VGEVK P U[UVGO E ORTKUKPI GZVGTPCN NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 UVCPF
CKT VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGO F YP E PFWEV T U[UVGO CPF GCTVJ CTF 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 '
VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGO CPF KPVGTPCN NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P NKIJV UVCPFCTF FFKVK PCN KPH TOCVK P H T VJG VGUVKPI
PKPI GSWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI CPF UGRCTCVK P FKUVCPEG UGTXGU CPF OCKPVGPCPEG H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
CU C RT VGEVK P OGCUWTG 6JG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO KU 6JKU UWRRNGOGPV IKXGU KPH TOCVK P P VJG KPURGEVK P H NKIJV
de ned by its class of LPS, class of LPS I being more effective ning protection systems and provides ow charts. Moreover,
VJCP ENCUU H .25 +8 6JG ENCUU H .25 TGSWKTGF KU FGVGTOKPGF VGTOU CPF VJGKT OGCPKPI G I NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P URGEKCNKUV
YKVJ VJG JGNR H C TKUM CPCN[UKU ECTTKGF WV KP CEE TFCPEG YKVJ are de ned. This supplement includes gures on the different
+'% '0 WPNGUU VJGTYKUG NCKF F YP KP TGI OGCUWTKPI OGVJ FU H T KPURGEVKPI NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[U
WNCVK PU G I DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU VGOU E PVCEV TGUKUVCPEG GCTVJ TGUKUVCPEG CPF KPH TOCVK P P
VJG F EWOGPVCVK P
5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 UVCPF
CTF 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 ' 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 UVCPF
UVCPFCTF FFKVK PCN KPH TOCVK P H T VJG CRRNKECVK P CTF 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 '
H +0 '0 8 ' UVCPFCTF 7UG H OGVCNNKE T HU KP NKIJVPKPI RT VGE
Supplement 1 provides more detailed information on Annex E VK P U[UVGOU
p)WKFGNKPGU H T VJG FGUKIP E PUVTWEVK P OCKPVGPCPEG CPF /GVCNNKE T HU ECP DG WUGF CU C PCVWTCN E OR PGPV H C NKIJV
KPURGEVK P H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOUq H VJG UVCPFCTF PKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO 6JG CKO H VJKU UWRRNGOGPV KU V RT
+V H EWUGU P VJG FKOGPUK PKPI H VJG CKT VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGO XKFG CFFKVK PCN KPH TOCVK P P VJG WUG H OGVCNNKE T HU CE
WUG H OGVCN E OR PGPVU R UKVK PKPI H CKT VGTOKPCVK P E P E TFKPI V VJG +'% '0 UVCPFCTF
FWEV TU CPF T FU WUG H RT VGEVGF X NWOGU GVE / TG XGT
information on the re behaviour of construction materials 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 UVCPF
and components is provided. To de ne the scope of the stand CTF 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 '
ard, the elds where special regulations apply are listed (e.g. UVCPFCTF .KIJVPKPI CPF XGTX NVCIG RT VGEVK P H T
TCKNYC[ U[UVGOU GNGEVTKECN VTCPUOKUUK P FKUVTKDWVK P CPF IGP RJ V X NVCKE R YGT UWRRN[ U[UVGOU
GTCVK P U[UVGOU WVUKFG C UVTWEVWTG RKRGNKPGU XGJKENGU UJKRU 6JKU UWRRNGOGPV FGUETKDGU VJG RT VGEVK P H RJ V X NVCKE R Y
CKTETCHVU CPF HHUJ TG U[UVGOU GT UWRRN[ U[UVGOU KP ECUG H NKIJVPKPI KPVGTHGTGPEG CPF UWTIGU
Moreover, different terms and de nitions were de ned more H CVO URJGTKE TKIKP 6JG TGSWKTGOGPVU CPF OGCUWTGU H T GP
GZCEVN[ G I F YP E PFWEV T U[UVGO GCTVJ GNGEVT FG NKIJV UWTKPI VJG RT VGEVK P RGTCVK P CPF CXCKNCDKNKV[ H RJ V X N
PKPI GSWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI CPF P VGU P VJG E TTGEV WUG H VCKE R YGT UWRRN[ U[UVGOU CTG FGUETKDGF
CNWOKPKWO E PFWEV TU O WPVGF P KP T WPFGT VJG UWTHCEG
O TVCT CPF E PETGVG YGTG CFFGF 6JG P VG VJCV KV KU DCUKECNN[ +' '0 'NGEVTKECN CPF GNGEVT PKE
P V CNN YGF V WUG CNWOKPKWO KP VJG IT WPF KU RCTCO WPV U[UVGOU YKVJKP UVTWEVWTGU
6JG WUG H E PPGEVKPI NKPGU H T UKPING GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU KU GZ 6JKU RCTV FGCNU YKVJ VJG RT VGEVK P H UVTWEVWTGU YKVJ GNGEVTK
plained based on several sample gures. ECN CPF GNGEVT PKE U[UVGOU CICKPUV VJG GHHGEVU H VJG NKIJVPKPI
GNGEVT OCIPGVKE KORWNUG CUGF P VJG RT VGEVK P OGCUWTGU
2T VGEVK P OGCUWTGU CICKPUV V WEJ CPF UVGR X NVCIG CPF VJG CEE TFKPI V +'% '0 VJKU UVCPFCTF CNU
WUG H IWVVGTU F YPRKRGU CPF UVGGN E NWOPU PCVWTCN GCTVJ considers the effects of electrical and magnetic elds as well

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
CU KPFWEGF X NVCIGU CPF EWTTGPVU ECWUGF D[ FKTGEV CPF KPFKTGEV
NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU
6JG KOR TVCPEG CPF PGEGUUKV[ H VJKU UVCPFCTF FGTKXG HT O VJG
KPETGCUKPI WUG H FKHHGTGPV GNGEVTKECN CPF GNGEVT PKE U[UVGOU
YJKEJ CTG TGHGTTGF V CU KPH TOCVK P U[UVGOU 6 RT VGEV VJGUG
KPH TOCVK P U[UVGOU VJG UVTWEVWTG KU FKXKFGF KPV NKIJVPKPI RT
VGEVK P PGU .2 U 6JKU CNN YU V E PUKFGT N ECN FKHHGTGPEGU
KP PWODGT V[RG CPF UGPUKVKXKV[ H VJG GNGEVTKECN CPF GNGEVT PKE
FGXKEGU YJGP EJ UKPI VJG RT VGEVK P OGCUWTGU ( T GCEJ
NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P PG C TKUM CPCN[UKU KP CEE TFCPEG YKVJ
+'% '0 KU RGTH TOGF V UGNGEV VJ UG RT VGE
VK P OGCUWTGU YJKEJ RT XKFG RVKOWO RT VGEVK P CV OKPKOWO
E UV
6JG +'% '0 UVCPFCTFU 2CTVU V ECP DG WUGF
V FGUKIP KPUVCNN KPURGEV CPF OCKPVCKP NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
U[UVGOU H T UVTWEVWTGU VJGKT KPUVCNNCVK PU VJGKT E PVGPVU CPF
VJG RGTU PU YKVJKP
9 TM E PVTCEVU
A work contractor is fundamentally liable for ensuring that his
service is free of de ciencies. Compliance with the recognised
GPIKPGGTKPI TWNGU KU VJG FGEKUKXG UVCTVKPI R KPV H T Y TM CPF
service free of de ciencies. Relevant national standards are
used here in order to ll the factual characteristic of the “rec
IPKUGF GPIKPGGTKPI TWNGUq YKVJ NKHG +H VJG TGNGXCPV UVCPFCTFU
CTG E ORNKGF YKVJ KV KU RTGUWOGF VJCV VJG Y TM CPF UGTXKEG KU
free of de ciencies. The practical signi cance of such a prima
HCEKG GXKFGPEG NKGU KP VJG HCEV VJCV C EWUV OGT YJ N FIGU C
E ORNCKPV H P P E PH TO UGTXKEG D[ VJG Y TM E PVTCEV T H T
GZCORNG H T VJG KPUVCNNCVK P H C NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO
JCU DCUKECNN[ NKVVNG EJCPEG H UWEEGUU KH VJG Y TM E PVTCEV T ECP
UJ Y VJCV JG E ORNKGF YKVJ VJG TGNGXCPV VGEJPKECN UVCPFCTFU
As far as this effect is concerned, standards and preliminary
UVCPFCTFU ECTT[ GSWCN YGKIJV 6JG GHHGEV H VJG RTGUWORVK P H
VGEJPKECN UVCPFCTFU KU TGO XGF J YGXGT KH GKVJGT VJG UVCPF
CTFU CTG YKVJFTCYP T KV KU RT XGP VJCV VJG CEVWCN UVCPFCTFU P
N PIGT TGRTGUGPV VJG UVCVG H VJG CTV 5VCPFCTFU ECPP V UVCVK
ECNN[ NC[ F YP VJG UVCVG H VJG TGE IPKUGF GPIKPGGTKPI TWNGU KP
VCDNGVU H UV PG CU VGEJPKECN TGSWKTGOGPVU CPF R UUKDKNKVKGU CTG
E PVKPWCNN[ EJCPIKPI +H UVCPFCTFU CTG YKVJFTCYP CPF TGRNCEGF
YKVJ PGY UVCPFCTFU T RTGNKOKPCT[ UVCPFCTFU KV KU RTKOCTKN[
VJG PGY UVCPFCTFU YJKEJ E TTGUR PF V VJG UVCVG H VJG CTV
National supplements re ect the recognised state of the art.
% PVTCEV TU CPF VJ UG RNCEKPI CP TFGT H T Y TM TGIWNCTN[
CITGG VJCV VJG Y TM OWUV E PH TO V VJG IGPGTCN UVCVG H VJG
art without the need to make speci c mention of this. If the
Y TM UJ YU C PGICVKXG FGXKCVK P HT O VJKU IGPGTCN UVCVG H VJG
CTV KV KU HCWNV[ 6JKU ECP TGUWNV KP C ENCKO DGKPI OCFG CICKPUV
VJG E PVTCEV T H T OCVGTKCN FGHGEV NKCDKNKV[ 6JG OCVGTKCN FGHGEV
NKCDKNKV[ PN[ GZKUVU J YGXGT KH VJG Y TM YCU CNTGCF[ HCWNV[ CV
VJG VKOG H CEEGRVCPEG %KTEWOUVCPEGU EEWTTKPI UWDUGSWGPVN[
s UWEJ CU C HWTVJGT FGXGN ROGPV H VJG UVCVG H VJG CTV s F
P V DGNCVGFN[ OCMG VJG RTGXK WUN[ CEEGRVGF FGHGEV HTGG Y TM
HCWNV[
For the question of the de ciency of work and service, the state
H VJG TGE IPKUGF GPIKPGGTKPI TWNGU CV VJG VKOG H VJG CEEGRV
CPEG KU VJG U NG FGEKFKPI HCEV T
5KPEG KP VJG HWVWTG PN[ VJG PGY NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P UVCPF
CTFU YKNN DG TGNGXCPV CV VJG VKOG H E ORNGVK P CPF CEEGRVCPEG
H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU VJG[ JCXG V DG KPUVCNNGF KP
accordance with these standards. It is not suf cient that the
UGTXKEG E PH TOGF V VJG GPIKPGGTKPI TWNGU CV VJG VKOG KV YCU
RT XKFGF KH DGVYGGP E ORNGVK P H C E PVTCEV UGTXKEG RT XK
UK P CPF CEEGRVCPEG H VJG E PUVTWEVK P Y TM VJG VGEJPKECN
MP YNGFIG CPF JGPEG VJG GPIKPGGTKPI TWNGU JCXG EJCPIGF
6JWU Y TMU YJKEJ JCXG DGGP RTGXK WUN[ KPUVCNNGF CPF CNTGCF[
CEEGRVGF WPFGT VJG NF UVCPFCTFU F P V DGE OG FGHGEVKXG DG
ECWUG CU C TGUWNV H VJG WRFCVKPI H VJG UVCPFCTFU C pJKIJGT
VGEJPKECN UVCPFCTFq KU FGOCPFGF
9KVJ VJG GZEGRVK P H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU H T PWENGCT
HCEKNKVKGU NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU JCXG PN[ V E PH TO
V VJG UVCVG H VJG CTV CV VJG VKOG VJG[ CTG KPUVCNNGF K G VJG[
F P V JCXG V DG WRFCVGF V VJG NCVGUV UVCVG H VJG CTV 'ZKUV
KPI U[UVGOU CTG KPURGEVGF KP VJG E WTUG H OCKPVGPCPEG VGUVU
CEE TFKPI V VJG UVCPFCTFU KP H TEG CV VJG VKOG VJG[ YGTG KP
UVCNNGF
2T FWEV UVCPFCTFU
/CVGTKCNU CPF E OR PGPVU H T NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
OWUV DG FGUKIPGF CPF VGUVGF H T VJG GNGEVTKECN OGEJCPKECN CPF
EJGOKECN UVTGUU G I E TT UK P YJKEJ JCU V DG GZRGEVGF FWT
KPI WUG 6JKU CHHGEVU D VJ VJG E OR PGPVU H VJG GZVGTPCN CPF
KPVGTPCN NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO
+' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
U[UVGO E OR PGPVU .25 s 4GSWKTGOGPVU H T
E PPGEVK P E OR PGPVU
6JKU UVCPFCTF FGUETKDGU VGUV RT EGFWTGU H T OGVCN E PPGE
VK P E OR PGPVU % OR PGPVU HCNNKPI YKVJKP VJG UE RG H VJKU
UVCPFCTF CTG
¨ %NCORU
¨ % PPGEV TU
¨ % PPGEVK P E OR PGPVU
¨ TKFIKPI E OR PGPVU
¨ 'ZRCPUK P RKGEGU
¨ Test joints
� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 '*0 ENCORU CPF E PPGEV TU OGGV VJG TGSWKTGOGPVU H VJKU GNU V[RGU H UWTIGU KPUVCNNCVK P OGVJ FU RNCEG H KPUVCNNCVK P
VGUV UVCPFCTF H 52 U E TFKPCVK P H 52 U V[RGU H HCWNVU H 52 U CPF VJG
E PUGSWGPEGU KP ECUG H HCKNWTG H VJG GSWKROGPV V DG RT
+' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P VGEVGF OWUV DG VCMGP KPV CEE WPV 6JG UVCPFCTF VGEJPKECN
U[UVGO E OR PGPVU .25 s 4GSWKTGOGPVU H T speci cation describes the principles for the selection, opera
E PFWEV TU CPF GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU VK P RNCEG H KPUVCNNCVK P CPF E TFKPCVK P H 52 U E PPGEVGF
This standard speci es the requirements on conductors, air- V * C E U[UVGOU CPF GSWKROGPV YKVJ P OKPCN X NVCIGU
VGTOKPCVK P T FU GCTVJ NGCF KP T FU CPF GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU up to 1000 V (r.m.s. value). This standard / technical speci ca
VK P PN[ E XGTU 52 U KP GNGEVTKECN KPUVCNNCVK PU H DWKNFKPIU
+' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P 5WTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU KPUVCNNGF KP FGXKEGU CTG P V VCMGP KPV
U[UVGO E OR PGPVU .25 s 4GSWKTGOGPVU H T CEE WPV
KU NCVKPI URCTM ICRU +5)
+' '0 5WTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU
+' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P E PPGEVGF V VGNGE OOWPKECVK PU CPF UKIPCNNKPI
U[UVGO E OR PGPVU .25 s 4GSWKTGOGPVU H T PGVY TMU
E PFWEV T HCUVGPGTU 6JKU UVCPFCTF FGUETKDGU VJG RGTH TOCPEG TGSWKTGOGPVU CPF VGUV
RT EGFWTGU H T UWTIG RT VGEVK P FGXKEGU WUGF H T VJG RT VGEVK P
+' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P H VGNGE OOWPKECVK PU CPF UKIPCNNKPI PGVY TMU KPENWFKPI
U[UVGO E OR PGPVU .25 s 4GSWKTGOGPVU H T GCTVJ ¨ CVC PGVY TMU
GNGEVT FG KPURGEVK P J WUKPIU CPF GCTVJ GNGEVT FG
¨ 8 KEG VTCPUOKUUK P PGVY TMU
UGCNU
¨ 'OGTIGPE[ CNCTO U[UVGOU CPF
+' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P ¨ Automation systems
U[UVGO E OR PGPVU .25 s 4GSWKTGOGPVU H T
NKIJVPKPI UVTKMG E WPVGTU .5 +' . 65 . Y X NVCIG UWTIG
RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU s 5WTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU
+' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P E PPGEVGF V VGNGE OOWPKECVK PU CPF UKIPCNNKPI
U[UVGO E OR PGPVU .25 s 4GSWKTGOGPVU H T PGVY TMU s 5GNGEVK P CPF CRRNKECVK P RTKPEKRNGU
GCTVJKPI GPJCPEKPI E OR WPFU This standard/ technical speci cation describes the principles
H T VJG UGNGEVK P CPF CRRNKECVK P H UWTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU
+' '0 5WTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU 52 U WUGF V RT VGEV VGNGE OOWPKECVK PU CPF UKIPCNNKPI PGV
E PPGEVGF V N Y X NVCIG R YGT U[UVGOU s 4GSWKTG Y TMU
OGPVU CPF VGUV OGVJ FU
6JKU UVCPFCTF FGUETKDGU VJG TGSWKTGOGPVU P CPF KPURGEVK PU +' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P s
H UWTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU 52 U V GPUWTG RT VGEVK P CICKPUV 6GNGE OOWPKECVK P NKPGU s (KDTG RVKE KPUVCNNCVK PU
VJG GHHGEVU H KPFKTGEV CPF FKTGEV NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU T VJGT VTCP
UKGPVU +' '0 .KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P s
6GNGE OOWPKECVK P NKPGU s .KPGU WUKPI OGVCNNKE
+' . 65 5WTIG RT VGEVKXG E PFWEV TU
FGXKEGU E PPGEVGF V N Y X NVCIG R YGT FKUVTKDWVK P
U[UVGOU s 5GNGEVK P CPF CRRNKECVK P RTKPEKRNGU 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 8 ' UVCPFCTF
This standard / technical speci cation must be used together 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP 8 ' UVCPFCTF
YKVJ VJG +'% '0 UVCPFCTF CPF KPENWFGU 1XGTX NVCIG RT VGEVK P H KPH TOCVK P VGEJP N I[
KPH TOCVK P P RCTCOGVGTU YJKEJ CTG TGSWKTGF H T VJG E TTGEV GSWKROGPV +6 KPUVCNNCVK PU
UGNGEVK P H UWTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEGU +V CNU RT XKFGU KPH TOC 6JKU UWRRNGOGPV RT XKFGU CFFKVK PCN KPH TOCVK P P J Y V
VK P P VJG UGNGEVK P CPF E TFKPCVK P H 52 U +P VJKU E PVGZV RT VGEV +6 KPUVCNNCVK PU CICKPUV UWTIGU 0 TOCVKXG TGSWKTG
VJG GPVKTG RGTCVKPI GPXKT POGPV H VJG 52 U WUGF UWEJ CU OGPVU CTG KPENWFGF KP +'% '0 +'%
GSWKROGPV V DG RT VGEVGF U[UVGO RT RGTVKGU KPUWNCVK P NGX '0 CPF +'% '0

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 CTCEVGTKUVKEU H
NKI VPKPI EWTTGPV
 .KIJVPKPI FKUEJCTIG CPF NKIJVPKPI IT WPF WPFGTPGCVJ VJG VJWPFGTEN WF G I RNCPVU CPF KU VTCPU
R TVGF WRYCTFU D[ VJG YKPF
EWTTGPV EWTXGU +H VJG URCEG EJCTIG FGPUKVKGU YJKEJ JCRRGP V DG RTGUGPV
'XGT[ [GCT CP CXGTCIG H CT WPF OKNNK P NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU in a thundercloud, produce local eld strengths of several
FKUEJCTIGU XGT )GTOCP[ ( T CP CTGC H MO VJKU M8 O NGCFGT FKUEJCTIGU CTG H TOGF YJKEJ KPKVKCVG C NKIJV
corresponds to an average ash density of 4.2 lightning dis ning discharge. Cloud-to-cloud ashes result in charge neu
charges per square kilometre and year.The actual ash density, VTCNKUCVK P DGVYGGP R UKVKXG CPF PGICVKXG EN WF EJCTIG EGPVTGU
J YGXGT FGRGPFU V C NCTIG GZVGPV P IG ITCRJKE E PFKVK PU and do not directly strike objects on the ground in the process.
An initial overview can be obtained from the ash density map 6JG NKIJVPKPI GNGEVT OCIPGVKE KORWNUGU .'/2 VJG[ TCFKCVG
E PVCKPGF KP (KIWTG 6JG JKIJGT VJG UWD FKXKUK P H OWUV DG VCMGP KPV E PUKFGTCVK P J YGXGT DGECWUG VJG[ GP
the ash density map, the more accurate the information it FCPIGT GNGEVTKECN CPF GNGEVT PKE U[UVGOU
RT XKFGU CD WV VJG CEVWCN NKIJVPKPI HTGSWGPE[ KP VJG CTGC WP (NCUJGU V GCTVJ NGCF V C PGWVTCNKUCVK P H EJCTIG DGVYGGP VJG
FGT E PUKFGTCVK P EN WF EJCTIGU CPF VJG GNGEVT UVCVKE EJCTIGU P VJG IT WPF 9G
7UKPI VJG .+ 5 NKIJVPKPI KPH TOCVK P UGTXKEG D[ 5KGOGPU distinguish between two types of lightning ashes to earth:
NKIJVPKPI FGVGEVK P U[UVGO KV KU P Y R UUKDNG V N ECVG NKIJV ¨ Downward ash (cloud-to-earth ash)
PKPI YKVJKP O KP )GTOCP[ ( T VJKU RWTR UG OGCUWT ¨ Upward ash (earth-to-cloud ash)
KPI UVCVK PU CTG URTGCF VJT WIJ WV 'WT RG 6JG[ CTG U[PEJT
PKUGF D[ OGCPU H VJG JKIJN[ CEEWTCVG VKOG UKIPCN H VJG IN DCN In case of downward ashes, leader discharges pointing to
R UKVK PKPI U[UVGO )25 6JG OGCUWTKPI UVCVK PU TGE TF VJG YCTFU VJG IT WPF IWKFG VJG NKIJVPKPI FKUEJCTIG HT O VJG EN WF
VKOG VJG GNGEVT OCIPGVKE YCXG RT FWEGF D[ VJG NKIJVPKPI FKU to the earth. Such discharges usually occur in at terrain and
EJCTIG CTTKXGU CV VJG TGEGKXGT 6JG R KPV H UVTKMG KU ECNEWNCVGF near low buildings. Cloud-to-earth ashes can be recognised
HT O VJG FKHHGTGPEGU KP VJG VKOGU H CTTKXCN H VJG GNGEVT OCI D[ VJG DTCPEJKPI (KIWTG YJKEJ KU FKTGEVGF V GCTVJ
PGVKE YCXG TGE TFGF D[ VJG XCTK WU TGEGKXGTU CPF VJG E TTG 6JG O UV E OO P V[RG H NKIJVPKPI KU C PGICVKXG F YPYCTF
UR PFKPI FKHHGTGPEGU KP VJG VKOGU KV VCMGU VJG GNGEVT OCIPGVKE ash where a leader lled with negative cloud charge pushes
YCXG V VTCXGN HT O VJG N ECVK P H VJG NKIJVPKPI FKUEJCTIG V KVU YC[ HT O VJG VJWPFGTEN WF V GCTVJ (KIWTG 6JKU
the receivers. The data determined in this way are led cen NGCFGT RT RCICVGU CU C UVGRRGF NGCFGT YKVJ C URGGF H CT WPF
VTCNN[ CPF OCFG CXCKNCDNG V VJG WUGT KP H TO H XCTK WU RCEM
CIGU (WTVJGT KPH TOCVK P P VJKU UGTXKEG ECP DG DVCKPGF HT O
YYY UKGOGPU FG DNKFU )GTOCP YGDUKVG
6JWPFGTUV TOU E OG KPV GZKUVGPEG YJGP YCTO CKT OCUUGU
containing suf cient moisture are transported to great alti
VWFGU 6JKU VTCPUR TV ECP EEWT KP C PWODGT H YC[U +P VJG ECUG
H JGCV VJWPFGTUV TOU VJG IT WPF KU JGCVGF WR N ECNN[ D[ KP
VGPUG KPU NCVK P 6JG NC[GTU H CKT PGCT VJG IT WPF JGCV WR CPF
TKUG ( T HT PVCN VJWPFGTUV TOU VJG KPXCUK P H C E NF CKT HT PV
ECWUGU E NGT CKT V DG RWUJGF DGN Y VJG YCTO CKT H TEKPI KV
V TKUG 1T ITCRJKE VJWPFGTUV TOU CTG ECWUGF YJGP YCTO CKT
near the ground is lifted up as it crosses rising ground. Ad
FKVK PCN RJ[UKECN GHHGEVU HWTVJGT KPETGCUG VJG XGTVKECN WRUWTIG
H VJG CKT OCUUGU 6JKU H TOU WRFTCWIJV EJCPPGNU YKVJ XGTVKECN
URGGFU H WR V MO J YJKEJ ETGCVG V YGTKPI EWOWN PKO
DWU EN WFU YKVJ V[RKECN JGKIJVU H V MO CPF FKCOGVGTU
H V MO
'NGEVT UVCVKE EJCTIG UGRCTCVK P RT EGUUGU G I HTKEVK P CPF
URWVVGTKPI CTG TGUR PUKDNG H T EJCTIKPI YCVGT FT RNGVU CPF
RCTVKENGU H KEG KP VJG EN WF
2 UKVKXGN[ EJCTIGF RCTVKENGU CEEWOWNCVG KP VJG WRRGT RCTV CPF
PGICVKXGN[ EJCTIGF RCTVKENGU KP VJG N YGT RCTV H VJG VJWPFGT
EN WF +P CFFKVK P VJGTG KU CICKP C UOCNN R UKVKXG EJCTIG EGPVTG
CV VJG D VV O H VJG EN WF 6JKU TKIKPCVGU HT O VJG E T PC
discharge which emanates from sharp-pointed objects on the Figure 2.1.1 Downward ash (cloud-to-earth ash)

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 leader
leader

Figure 2.1.2 Discharge mechanism of a negative downward ash Figure 2.1.3 Discharge mechanism of a positive downward ash
(cloud-to-earth ash) (cloud-to-earth ash)

300 km/h in steps of a few 10 m. The interval between the jerks the leaders propagate from the exposed object on the surface
CO WPVU V C HGY ‘U 9JGP VJG NGCFGT JCU FTCYP EN UG V of the earth to the cloud, high objects can be struck several
VJG GCTVJ C HGY O V C HGY O KV ECWUGU VJG UVTGPIVJ VKOGU D[ PG NKIJVPKPI FKUEJCTIG FWTKPI C VJWPFGTUV TO
of the electric eld of objects on the surface of the earth in Depending on the type of ash, each lightning discharge con
VJG XKEKPKV[ H VJG NGCFGT G I VTGGU ICDNG GPFU H DWKNFKPIU UKUVU H PG T O TG RCTVKCN NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU 9G FKUVKPIWKUJ
V KPETGCUG 6JG KPETGCUG KU ITGCV GP WIJ V GZEGGF VJG FKGNGE DGVYGGP UJ TV UVT MGU YKVJ C FWTCVK P H NGUU VJCP OU CPF
tric strength of the air. These objects involved reach out to the N PI UVT MGU YKVJ C FWTCVK P H O TG VJCP OU (WTVJGT FKUVKPE
NGCFGT D[ IT YKPI R UKVKXG UVTGCOGTU YJKEJ VJGP OGGV WR YKVJ VKXG HGCVWTGU H RCTVKCN NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU CTG VJGKT R NCTKV[ PGIC
VJG NGCFGT KPKVKCVKPI VJG OCKP FKUEJCTIG VKXG T R UKVKXG CPF VJGKT VGOR TCN R UKVK P KP VJG NKIJVPKPI
Positive downward ashes can arise out of the lower, posi discharge ( rst, subsequent or superimposed). The possible
VKXGN[ EJCTIGF CTGC H C VJWPFGTEN WF (KIWTG 6JG
TCVK H VJG R NCTKVKGU KU CT WPF PGICVKXG NKIJVPKPI V
R UKVKXG NKIJVPKPI 6JKU TCVK FGRGPFU P VJG IG ITCRJKE
N ECVK P
On very high, exposed objects (e.g. wind turbines, radio masts,
VGNGE OOWPKECVK P V YGTU UVGGRNGU T P VJG V RU H O WP
tains, upward ashes (earth-to-cloud ashes) can occur. It
ECP DG TGE IPKUGF D[ VJG WRYCTFU TGCEJKPI DTCPEJGU H VJG
NKIJVPKPI FKUEJCTIG (KIWTG ). In case of upward ashes,
the high electric eld strength required to trigger a leader is
P V CEJKGXGF KP VJG EN WF DWV TCVJGT D[ VJG FKUV TVK P H VJG
electric eld on the exposed object and the associated high
strength of the electric eld. From this location, the leader and
its charge channel propagate towards the cloud. Upward ash
GU EEWT YKVJ D VJ PGICVKXG R NCTKV[ (KIWTG CPF YKVJ
R UKVKXG R NCTKV[ (KIWTG ). Since, with upward ashes, Figure 2.1.4 Upward ash (earth-to-cloud ash)

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 leader
Figure 2.1.5 Discharge mechanism of a negative upward ash
(earth-to-cloud ash)
E ODKPCVK PU H RCTVKCN NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU CTG UJ YP KP (KIWTG
for downward ashes, and in (KIWTG H T WRYCTF
ashes.
6JG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPVU E PUKUVKPI H D VJ UJ TV UVT MGU CPF
long strokes are impressed currents, i.e. the objects struck
JCXG P GHHGEV P VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPVU ( WT RCTCOGVGTU
YJKEJ CTG KOR TVCPV H T NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P ECP DG DVCKPGF
HT O VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV EWTXGU UJ YP KP (KIWTGU
CPF
¨ 6JG RGCM XCNWG H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV +
¨ The charge of the lightning current Q ash E PUKUVKPI H VJG
charge of the short stroke QUJ TV CPF VJG EJCTIG H VJG N PI
stroke QN PI
¨ The speci c energy W/R of the lightning current
¨ 6JG UVGGRPGUU FK FV H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV TKUG
6JG H NN YKPI EJCRVGTU UJ Y YJKEJ H VJG KPFKXKFWCN RCTC
meters are responsible for which effects and how they in u
GPEG VJG FKOGPUK PKPI H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
2GCM XCNWG H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
.KIJVPKPI EWTTGPVU CTG KORTGUUGF EWTTGPVU KP VJGT Y TFU C
NKIJVPKPI FKUEJCTIG ECP DG E PUKFGTGF V DG CP CNO UV KFGCN
current source. If an impressed electric current ows through
leader
Figure 2.1.6 Discharge mechanism of a positive upward ash (earth-
to-cloud ash)
E PFWEVKXG RCTVU C X NVCIG FT R CET UU VJG RCTV ECTT[KPI VJG
EWTTGPV EEWTU FWG V VJG CORNKVWFG H VJG EWTTGPV CPF VJG
KORGFCPEG H VJG E PFWEVKXG RCTV ECTT[KPI VJG EWTTGPV +P
VJG UKORNGUV ECUG VJKU TGNCVK PUJKR ECP DG FGUETKDGF WUKPI
1JO U .CY
U =I R
+ 2GCM XCNWG H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
4 'CTVJ TGUKUVCPEG
+H C EWTTGPV KU H TOGF CV C UKPING R KPV P C J O IGPG WUN[
E PFWEVKPI UWTHCEG C R VGPVKCN ITCFKGPV CTGC CTKUGU 6JKU GH
HGEV CNU EEWTU YJGP NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU J O IGPG WU IT WPF
(KIWTG +H NKXKPI DGKPIU RGTU PU T CPKOCNU CTG
KPUKFG VJKU R VGPVKCN ITCFKGPV CTGC UVGR X NVCIG KU H TOGF
YJKEJ ECP ECWUG GNGEVTKE UJ EM (KIWTG 6JG JKIJGT
the conductivity of the ground, the atter is the potential
ITCFKGPV CTGC 6JG TKUM H FCPIGT WU UVGR X NVCIGU KU VJWU
CNU TGFWEGF
+H NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU C DWKNFKPI YJKEJ KU CNTGCF[ GSWKRRGF YKVJ C
lightning protection system, the lightning current owing via
VJG GCTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGO H VJG DWKNFKPI ECWUGU C X NVCIG
FT R CET UU VJG GCTVJ TGUKUVCPEG 4' H VJG GCTVJ VGTOKPCVK P
U[UVGO H VJG DWKNFKPI (KIWTG ). As long as all exposed
E PFWEVKXG RCTVU KP VJG DWKNFKPI CTG TCKUGF V VJG UCOG JKIJ
R VGPVKCN RGTU PU KPUKFG VJG DWKNFKPI CTG P V KP FCPIGT 6JGTG
� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 ±I ±I

first short stroke

long stroke

positive or negative t positive or negative t

–I –I

subsequent short strokes

negative t negative t

Figure 2.1.7 Possible components of a downward ash

±I superimposed ±I
short strokes
short stroke

first long long stroke

stroke

positive or negative t positive or negative t

–I –I
subsequent
short strokes

negative t negative t

±I

single long
stroke

positive or negative t

Figure 2.1.8 Possible components of an upward ash

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
H TG KV KU PGEGUUCT[ V GUVCDNKUJ GSWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI H T CNN
GZR UGF E PFWEVKXG RCTVU KP VJG DWKNFKPI CPF CNN GZVTCPG WU air-termination
system
E PFWEVKXG RCTVU GPVGTKPI VJG DWKNFKPI +H VJKU KU FKUTGICTFGF Î
FCPIGT WU V WEJ X NVCIGU OC[ EEWT KP ECUG H C NKIJVPKPI
down conductor
UVTKMG
6JG TKUG KP R VGPVKCN H VJG GCTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGO CU C TG
UWNV H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV CNU ETGCVGU C JC CTF H T GNGEVTKECN
KPUVCNNCVK PU (KIWTG +P VJG GZCORNG UJ YP VJG RGTC
VK PCN GCTVJ H VJG N Y X NVCIG UWRRN[ U[UVGO KU N ECVGF WVUKFG
VJG R VGPVKCN ITCFKGPV CTGC ECWUGF D[ VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV +H
NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU VJG DWKNFKPI VJG R VGPVKCN H VJG RGTCVK PCN
GCTVJ 4 KU VJGTGH TG P V KFGPVKECN YKVJ VJG GCTVJ R VGPVKCN H Û
VJG E PUWOGToU KPUVCNNCVK P KPUKFG VJG DWKNFKPI +P VJG GZCORNG earth-termination system remote earth
VJG FKHHGTGPEG KU M8 6JKU GPFCPIGTU VJG KPUWNCVK P H VJG with earth resistance RE
GNGEVTKECN KPUVCNNCVK P CPF VJG GSWKROGPV E PPGEVGF V KV
lightning impulse current

current
ϕ potential relative to ϕ
the reference point
Î
r distance from
the point of strike
time

(KIWTG 2 VGPVKCN TKUG H VJG DWKNFKPIoU GCTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGO

YKVJ TGURGEV V VJG TGO VG GCTVJ ECWUGF D[ VJG RGCM XCNWG
H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV

secondary substation I = 100 kA

r

(KIWTG 2 VGPVKCN FKUVTKDWVK P KP ECUG H C NKIJVPKPI UVTKMG V

PEN
L1
L2
L3
J O IGP WU IT WPF

RB RE = 10 Ω UE

1000 kV
UE

distance r

Figure 2.2.2 Animals killed by electric shock due to step voltage (KIWTG 4KUM H T GNGEVTKECN KPUVCNNCVK PU TGUWNVKPI HT O C R VGP
VKCN TKUG H VJG GCTVJ VGTOKPCVK P U[UVGO

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 5VGGRPGUU H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
TKUG
The steepness of lightning current rise Δi/Δt, which is effec
tive during the interval Δt, de nes the intensity of the elec
VT OCIPGVKECNN[ KPFWEGF X NVCIGU 6JGUG X NVCIGU CTG KPFWEGF
KP CNN RGP T EN UGF E PFWEV T N RU N ECVGF KP VJG XKEKPKV[
H E PFWEV TU ECTT[KPI NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV (KIWTG UJ YU
possible con gurations of conductor loops in which lightning
EWTTGPVU E WNF KPFWEG X NVCIGU 6JG USWCTG YCXG X NVCIG 7 KP
FWEGF KP C E PFWEV T N R FWTKPI VJG KPVGTXCN αV KU
i QUJ TV of the short stroke and the charge Q N PI H VJG N PI
U =M
t
/ /WVWCN KPFWEVCPEG H VJG N R
Δi/Δt Steepness of the lightning current rise
As already described, lightning discharges consist of a number
of partial lightning strikes. As far as the temporal position is
concerned, a distinction is made between rst and subsequent
UJ TV UVT MGU YKVJKP C NKIJVPKPI FKUEJCTIG 6JG OCKP FKHHGTGPEG
DGVYGGP VJGUG VY V[RGU H UJ TV UVT MGU KU VJCV FWG V VJG
H TOCVK P H C NKIJVPKPI EJCPPGN VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV TKUG KP
case of a rst stroke is not as steep as that of the subsequent
UVT MG YJKEJ ECP WUG CP GZKUVKPI E PFWEVKXG NKIJVPKPI EJCPPGN
6JG UVGGRPGUU H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV TKUG H VJG UWDUGSWGPV
UVT MG KU VJGTGH TG WUGF V CUUGUU VJG OCZKOWO KPFWEGF X NV
CIG KP E PFWEV T N RU (KIWTG UJ YU CP GZCORNG H
J Y V CUUGUU VJG KPFWEGF X NVCIG KP C E PFWEV T N R
JCTIG H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
The charge Q ash H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV E PUKUVU H VJG EJCTIG
UVT MG 6JG EJCTIG
Q = idt
H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV KU FGEKUKXG H T VJG GPGTI[ E PXGTUK P CV
VJG GZCEV R KPV H UVTKMG CPF CV CNN R KPVU YJGTG VJG NKIJVPKPI
EWTTGPV EEWTU KP VJG H TO H CP CTE CN PI CP KPUWNCVKPI ENGCT
CPEG 6JG GPGTI[ 9 E PXGTVGF CV VJG DCUG R KPV H VJG CTE KU VJG
M2 (µH)
10

1
building Î / T1 down conductor a = 10 m
0.1
Loop of the down con- a=3m
ductor with possible 0.01
a=1m
flashover distance s1 0.001
a = 0.1 m
s1

Loop of the down con- 0.1 · 10-3

s3

s2 a = 0.03 m a = 0.3 m
ductor and installation a = 0.01 m
0.01 · 10-3
cable with possible 0.1 0.3 1 3 10 30 s (m)
flashover distance s2

Installation loop with Sample calculation

possible flashover based on an installation loop (e.g. alarm system)
distance s3
100 % ∆i
90 %
current

lightning current ∆t
Î a 10 m
10 %
time s 3m
U
front time T1 ∆i
a

kA
∆t 150 µs
(high requirement)
induced square-wave voltage
a s
voltage

U
The following results for M2 ≈ 4.8 µH from the diagram:
T1 time U = 4.8 · 150 = 720 kV

(KIWTG 5SWCTG YCXG X NVCIG KPFWEGF KP N RU FWG V VJG (KIWTG 5CORNG ECNEWNCVK P H T KPFWEGF USWCTG YCXG X NVCIGU KP
current steepness Δi/Δt of the lightning current USWCTGF N RU

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 molten metal
Q
lightning current
10.00 mm

current
UA,C
10.00 mm
Qshort = ∫idt
Aluminium Copper
time d = 0.5 mm; 200 A, 350 ms d = 0.5 mm; 200 A, 180 ms

long stroke current

current

Qlong = ∫idt
time
tip of the lightning protection system 10.00 mm 10.00 mm
Stainless steel Steel
(KIWTG 'PGTI[ E PXGTUK P CV VJG R KPV H UVTKMG FWG V VJG d = 0.5 mm; 200 A, 90 ms d = 0.5 mm; 200 A, 100 ms
EJCTIG H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV

10.00 mm
Galvanised steel
d = 0.5 mm; 200 A, 100 ms

(KIWTG 2NCVGU RGTH TCVGF D[ VJG GHHGEVU H N PI UVT MG CTEU

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Galvanised steel Copper
100 kA (10/350 µs) 100 kA (10/350 µs) YJKEJ KU ECRCDNG H OGNVKPI T XCR TKUKPI NCTIG X NWOGU H
(KIWTG 'HHGEV H C UJ TV UVT MG CTE P C OGVCN UWTHCEG OCVGTKCN (KIWTGU CPF UJ Y C E ORCTKU P DG
tween the effects of the short stroke charge QUJ TV CPF VJG
long stroke charge QN PI

product of the charge Q and the anode / cathode drop voltage

7A,C YJKEJ KU KP VJG OKET OGVTG TCPIG (KIWTG
6JG CXGTCIG XCNWG H 7A,C is some 10 V and depends on in u
GPEGU UWEJ CU VJG EWTTGPV KPVGPUKV[ CPF YCXG H TO
W = Q U A,C
Q Charge of the lightning current
7A,C Anode / cathode drop voltage
% PUGSWGPVN[ VJG EJCTIG H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV ECWUGU VJG
E OR PGPVU H VJG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO FKTGEVN[ UVTWEM
D[ NKIJVPKPI V OGNV CPF CNU UVTGUUGU KU NCVKPI CPF RT VGEVKXG
URCTM ICRU CU YGNN CU URCTM ICR DCUGF UWTIG RT VGEVKXG FG
XKEGU 4GEGPV VGUVU JCXG UJ YP VJCV DGECWUG VJG CTE RGTUKUVU
for a longer time, it is mainly the long stroke charge QN PI
2.5 Speci c energy
The speci c energy W/R of a short stroke is the energy the short
stroke converts into a resistance of 1 Ω. This energy conversion
KU VJG KPVGITCN H VJG USWCTG H VJG UJ TV UVT MG XGT VKOG H T
VJG FWTCVK P H VJG UJ TV UVT MG
W
= i 2dt
R
Therefore, this speci c energy is frequently referred to as cur
TGPV USWCTG KORWNUG +V KU TGNGXCPV H T VJG VGORGTCVWTG TKUG KP
E PFWEV TU ECTT[KPI NKIJVPKPI KORWNUG EWTTGPVU CU YGNN CU H T
VJG H TEG GZGTVGF DGVYGGP E PFWEV TU ECTT[KPI NKIJVPKPI KO
RWNUG EWTTGPVU (KIWTG

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 T UU UGEVK P OO ?
specific energy
W/R s
NWOKPKWO
s s
W/R [MJ/Ω]
s s s
s s
+T P
s s s
force on W/R [MJ/Ω]

/CVGTKCN
parallel s s s s
conductors s
RRGT
s
W/R [MJ/Ω]
specific s s
energy 5VCKPNGUU s s s
UVGGN s s s s
lightning
temperature rise W/R [MJ/Ω]
current s s s s
force 6CDNG Temperature rise ΔT in K of different conductor materials
time

Figure 2.5.1 Temperature rise and force resulting from the speci c
GPGTI[ H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
( T VJG GPGTI[ 9 E PXGTVGF KP C E PFWEV T YKVJ TGUKUVCPEG 4
YG JCXG
2 W
W =R i dt = R
R F
4 6GORGTCVWTG FGRGPFGPV F E TGUKUVCPEG H VJG E P
FWEV T
W/R Speci c energy
6JG ECNEWNCVK P H VJG VGORGTCVWTG TKUG H E PFWEV TU ECTT[
KPI NKIJVPKPI KORWNUG EWTTGPVU OC[ DG TGSWKTGF KH VJG TKUMU V
persons and the risks from re and explosion have to be taken
KPV CEE WPV FWTKPI VJG FGUKIP CPF KPUVCNNCVK P H NKIJVPKPI
RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU 6JG ECNEWNCVK P CUUWOGU VJCV CNN VJG VJGT
OCN GPGTI[ KU IGPGTCVGF D[ VJG JOKE TGUKUVCPEG H VJG E O
R PGPVU H VJG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO (WTVJGTO TG KV KU
CUUWOGF VJCV VJGTG KU P RGTEGRVKDNG JGCV GZEJCPIG YKVJ VJG
UWTT WPFKPIU FWG V VJG UJ TV FWTCVK P H VJG RT EGUU 6CDNG
NKUVU VJG VGORGTCVWTG TKUGU H FKHHGTGPV NKIJVPKPI RT VGE
VK P OCVGTKCNU CU YGNN CU VJGKT ET UU UGEVK PU CU C HWPEVK P H
the speci c energy.
6JG GNGEVT F[PCOKE H TEGU ( IGPGTCVGF D[ C EWTTGPV K KP C E P
FWEV T YKVJ C N PI RCTCNNGN UGEVK P H NGPIVJ + CPF C FKUVCPEG
F (KIWTG ECP DG ECNEWNCVGF CU CP CRRT ZKOCVK P WUKPI
VJG H NN YKPI GSWCVK P
µ0 2 l
F(t) = i (t)
2 d
(V 'NGEVT F[PCOKE H TEG
K %WTTGPV
‘ Magnetic eld constant in air (4 π · 10 * O
N % PFWEV T NGPIVJ
KUVCPEG DGVYGGP VJG RCTCNNGN E PFWEV TU
6JG H TEG DGVYGGP VJG VY E PFWEV TU KU CVVTCEVKXG KH VJG EWT
rents ow in the same direction and repulsive if the currents
ow in opposite directions. It is proportional to the product
H VJG EWTTGPVU KP VJG E PFWEV TU CPF KPXGTUGN[ RT R TVK PCN
V VJG FKUVCPEG H VJG E PFWEV TU 'XGP KP VJG ECUG H C UKP
ING DGPV E PFWEV T C H TEG KU GZGTVGF P VJG E PFWEV T +P VJKU
ECUG VJG H TEG KU RT R TVK PCN V VJG USWCTG H VJG EWTTGPV KP
VJG DGPV E PFWEV T
Thus, the speci c energy of the short stroke de nes the stress
YJKEJ ECWUGU TGXGTUKDNG T KTTGXGTUKDNG FGH TOCVK P H E O
R PGPVU CPF CTTCPIGOGPVU H C NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO
6JGUG GHHGEVU CTG E PUKFGTGF KP VJG VGUV UGVWRU H VJG RT FWEV
UVCPFCTFU E PEGTPKPI VJG TGSWKTGOGPVU OCFG P NKIJVPKPI RT
VGEVK P E OR PGPVU H T NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
Annex D of IEC 62305-1 describes in detail in which way the
NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV RCTCOGVGTU TGNGXCPV V VJG R KPV H UVTKMG CTG
important for the physical integrity of an LPS. As explained
above, these are in general the peak current I, the charge Q,
the speci c energy W/R, the duration T and the average steep

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 PGUU H VJG EWTTGPV FK FV 'CEJ RCTCOGVGT VGPFU V F OKPCVG C
d FKHHGTGPV HCKNWTG OGEJCPKUO CU CPCN[UGF KP FGVCKN CD XG
F

.KIJVPKPI EWTTGPV E OR PGPVU

F I (KIWTGU CPF UJ Y VJG HWPFCOGPVCN NKIJVPKPI
EWTTGPV EWTXGU CPF VJG R UUKDNG E OR PGPVU H WRYCTF CPF
downward ashes as described in the IEC 62305-1 lightning
RT VGEVK P UVCPFCTF
6JG V VCN NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV ECP DG UWDFKXKFGF KPV KPFKXKFWCN
i i i i NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV E OR PGPVU
¨ (KTUV R UKVKXG UJ TV UVT MG
(KIWTG 'NGEVT F[PCOKE H TEG DGVYGGP RCTCNNGN E PFWEV TU ¨ (KTUV PGICVKXG UJ TV UVT MG
¨ 5WDUGSWGPV UJ TV UVT MG
.KIJVPKPI RT VGE ¨ . PI UVT MG
(KTUV R UKVKXG UVT MG
VK P NGXGN .2. /CZKOWO XCNWGU CTG CUUKIPGF V VJG KPFKXKFWCN NKIJVPKPI RT
2CTCOGVGTU + ++ +++ +8 VGEVK P E OR PGPVU FGRGPFKPI P VJG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
NGXGN .2. 6JG VKOG EJCTCEVGTKUVKE H VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
Peak current I [kA]
RNC[U CP KOR TVCPV T NG H T O UV H VJG NKIJVPKPI GHHGEVU FG
Short stroke charge QUJ TV [C] scribed before. Therefore, time parameters are de ned for the
Speci c energy W/R [MJ/Ω] KPFKXKFWCN NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV E OR PGPVU KP VJG NKIJVPKPI RT
VGEVK P UVCPFCTFU 6JGUG YCXG H TOU CTG CNU WUGF H T CPCN[
9CXG H TO 6 6 [µs/µs]
UKU CPF CU VGUV RCTCOGVGTU H T UKOWNCVKPI VJG NKIJVPKPI GHHGEVU
(KTUV PGICVKXG UVT MG .2. P .25 E OR PGPVU +P VJG NCVGUV XGTUK P H VJG +'%
2CTCOGVGTU + ++ +++ +8 (EN 62305-2) standard, the rst negative short stroke is intro
duced as a new lightning current component.The rst negative
Peak current I [kA]
UJ TV UVT MG KU EWTTGPVN[ PN[ WUGF H T ECNEWNCVK PU CPF KU VJG
Average steepness di/dt [kA/µs] JKIJGUV TKUM H T U OG KPFWEVK P GHHGEVU 6CDNG IKXGU CP
9CXG H TO 6 6 [µs/µs] XGTXKGY H VJG OCZKOWO RCTCOGVGTU CEE TFKPI V VJG NKIJV
PKPI RT VGEVK P NGXGN CU YGNN CU VJG YCXG H TO H T VJG KPFK
5WDUGSWGPV UVT MG .2. vidual lightning current components de ned in the standard.
2CTCOGVGTU + ++ +++ +8
Peak current I [kA]
Average steepness di/dt [kA/µs] UUKIPOGPV H NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
9CXG H TO 6 6 [µs/µs]
RCTCOGVGTU V NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
NGXGNU
. PI UVT MG .2.
Lightning protection levels I to IV are laid down to de ne light
2CTCOGVGTU + ++ +++ +8
PKPI CU C U WTEG H KPVGTHGTGPEG 'CEJ NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P NGXGN
Long stroke charge QN PI [C] TGSWKTGU C UGV H
6KOG 6N PI [s] ¨ /CZKOWO XCNWGU FKOGPUK PKPI ETKVGTKC YJKEJ CTG WUGF V
FGUKIP NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P E OR PGPVU KP UWEJ C YC[ VJCV
(NCUJ .2.
VJG[ OGGV VJG TGSWKTGOGPVU GZRGEVGF CPF
2CTCOGVGTU + ++ +++ +8
¨ /KPKOWO XCNWGU KPVGTEGRVK P ETKVGTKC YJKEJ CTG PGEGUUCT[
Flash charge Q ash [C] to be able to determine the areas which are suf ciently
6CDNG /CZKOWO NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV RCTCOGVGTU CPF YCXG RT VGEVGF CICKPUV FKTGEV NKIJVPKPI UVTKMGU T NNKPI URJGTG
H TOU H T VJG FKHHGTGPV NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV E OR PGPVU TCFKWU

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
 /CZKOWO XCNWGU /KPKOWO XCNWGU
FKOGPUK PKPI ETKVGTKC FKOGPUK PKPI ETKVGTKC
.KIJV .KIJV /KPKOWO 2T DCDKNKV[ V CV V G
PKPI RT 2T DCDKNKV[ V CV V G PKPI RT
/CZKOWO RGCM CEVWCN NKI VPKPI
VGEVK P CEVWCN NKI VPKPI EWTTGPV VGEVK P 4 NNKPI
RGCM XCNWG H XCNWG EWTTGPV KU ITGCVGT
NGXGN KU UOCNNGT V CP V G NGXGN UR GTG
V G NKI VPKPI HV G V CP V G OKPKOWO
OCZKOWO RGCM XCNWG H TCFKWU
EWTTGPV NKI VPKPI RGCM XCNWG H V G
V G NKI VPKPI EWTTGPV
EWTTGPV NKI VPKPI EWTTGPV
+ 200 kA + 3 kA O
++ 150 kA ++ 5 kA O
+++ 100 kA +++ 10 kA O
+8 100 kA +8 16 kA O
6CDNG /CZKOWO NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV RCTCOGVGT XCNWGU CPF VJGKT 6CDNG /KPKOWO NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV RCTCOGVGT XCNWGU CPF VJGKT
RT DCDKNKVKGU RT DCDKNKVKGU

6CDNGU CPF UJ Y VJG CUUKIPOGPV H VJG NKIJVPKPI

Place of installation of the
RT VGEVK P NGXGNU V VJG OCZKOWO CPF OKPKOWO XCNWGU H VJG
high-current shunt of the
NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV RCTCOGVGTU
research group ALDIS at the
top of the tower

.KIJVPKPI EWTTGPV OGCUWTGOGPVU

for upward and downward ashes Place of installation of the
Rogowski coils of the mobile
In general, it is assumed that downward ashes (cloud-to- detection system at the top
earth ashes) place a greater stress on objects hit by light platform
ning than upward ashes (earth-to-cloud ashes), particularly
with regard to short strokes. In the majority of cases, down
ward ashes are to be expected in at terrain and near low
UVTWEVWTGU +H J YGXGT UVTWEVWTGU CTG UKVWCVGF KP CP GZR UGF
location and / or are very high, upward ashes typically occur.
The parameters de ned in the lightning protection standards
generally apply to upward and downward ashes. In case of
upward ashes, especially the long stroke with or without su Place of installation
RGTKOR UGF KORWNUG EWTTGPVU OWUV DG E PUKFGTGF of the data loggers
A more exact determination of the lightning current parameters and evaluation units
CPF VJGKT OWVWCN FGRGPFGPEG H T WRYCTF CPF F YPYCTF
ashes is in preparation. Therefore, lightning current measure
ments for scienti c fundamental research are performed on
FKHHGTGPV NKIJVPKPI OGCUWTKPI UVCVK PU VJT WIJ WV VJG Y TNF
(KIWTG UJ YU VJG NKIJVPKPI OGCUWTKPI UVCVK P RGT
ated by the Austrian research group ALDIS on the Gaisberg
mountain near Salzburg /Austria. Since 2007, DEHN has been
RGTH TOKPI NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV OGCUWTGOGPVU P VJKU OGCUWTKPI
UVCVK P D[ OGCPU H C O DKNG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV FGVGEVK P WPKV
6JG TGUWNVU H VJGUG E ORCTKU P OGCUWTGOGPVU DCUKECNN[ E P
rm the lightning current parameters as described in the lat (KIWTG Lightning current measurements by the Austrian lightning
GUV +'% '0 UVCPFCTF 6JG JKIJ PWODGT H research group ALDIS and DEHN at the ORS transmission
superimposed impulse currents in case of upward ashes is OCUV P V R H VJG )CKUDGTI O WPVCKP PGCT 5CN DWTI

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
RCTVKEWNCTN[ TGOCTMCDNG 9KVJ CP CXGTCIG H UJ TV UVT MGU
total current [kA]
GKVJGT UWRGTKOR UGF P VJG N PI UVT MG T UWDUGSWGPV V VJG
0.5
N PI UVT MG E PUKFGTCDN[ O TG KORWNUG EWTTGPVU YGTG TGE TF
GF VJCP VJG V UWDUGSWGPV UVT MGU YJKEJ V[RKECNN[ EEWT KP
0.0
case of downward ashes. Thus, the 3 to 4 impulse discharges
per ash stated in the lightning protection standards only ap
-0.5
ply to downward ashes.
For 10 years (2000 to 2009), ALDIS has been recording 10 -1.0
ashes with total charges exceeding the maximum charge val
ue of 300 As depending on the lightning protection level (LPL). -1.5
6JGUG JKIJ EJCTIG XCNWGU YGTG TGE TFGF PN[ FWTKPI YKPVGT
thunderstorms. In the rst measuring period, the mobile sys -2.0
VGO CNU TGE TFGF N PI UVT MGU FWTKPI YKPVGT VJWPFGTUV TOU
with higher charges than the charges speci ed for LPL I. -2.5
(KIWTG shows a long stroke with a charge of 405 As 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
TGE TFGF KP ,CPWCT[ 6JGUG GZVTGOG N CFU YJKEJ GZEGGF time [ms]
the charge value of 300 As of LPL I, may have to be taken
KPV CEE WPV YJGP VCMKPI NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P OGCUWTGU H T (KIWTG . PI UVT MG YKVJ UWRGTKOR UGF KORWNUG EWTTGPVU H
an upward ash with a total charge of approximately
JKIJ UVTWEVWTGU CV GZR UGF N ECVK PU UWEJ CU YKPF VWTDKPGU CPF
405 As – recorded at the Gaisberg transmission mast
VTCPUOKVVGTU
FWTKPI C YKPVGT VJWPFGTUV TO

Negative downward ash and the associated partial

NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV
5
total current [kA]

A negative cloud-to-earth ash was recorded during the light

0 ALDIS
PKPI EWTTGPV OGCUWTGOGPVU % ORCTGF V VJG RTGXK WUN[ FG
-5
scribed upward ashes, this downward ash is characterised DEHN
-10 subsequent
D[ C E PUKFGTCDN[ JKIJGT UJ TV UVT MGU XCNWG 6JG FGVGEVGF -15 M-component
negative downward ash has a maximum current of about -20
29 kA and a charge of about 4.4 As. (KIWTG UJ YU C -25 negative
E ORCTKU P DGVYGGP VJG EWTTGPV EWTXGU TGE TFGF D[ VJG UEKGP -30 short stroke
ti c ALDIS measuring system and the mobile lightning current
20
partial current [A] power supply line

FGVGEVK P U[UVGO VJ EWTTGPV EWTXGU CTG KP I F CITGGOGPV

0
Another slowly increasing negative lightning current of about
-20
5 kA is superimposed on the decreasing short stroke. In light
-40
PKPI TGUGCTEJ VJKU EJCTCEVGTKUVKE NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV E OR PGPV KU -60
TGHGTTGF V CU / E OR PGPV +P VJG UGE PF OGCUWTKPI RGTK F -80
VJG O DKNG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV FGVGEVK P U[UVGO CNU TGE TFGF -100
RCTVKCN EWTTGPVU KP PG H VJG N Y X NVCIG ECDNGU KPUVCNNGF DG -120
VYGGP VJG RNCVH TO CV C JGKIJV H O CPF VJG RGTCVK PU
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
DWKNFKPI CV VJG H V FWG V VJG JKIJ PWODGT H OGCUWTKPI EJCP
time [ms]
PGNU GVYGGP VJGUG VY KPUVCNNCVK P R KPVU VJGTG CTG PWOGT WU
RCTCNNGN FKUEJCTIG RCVJU H T VJG NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV 6JG NKIJVPKPI
Figure 2.8.3 Negative downward ash with M-component (top)
EWTTGPV URNKVU DGVYGGP VJG OGVCN OCUV UVTWEVWTG CPF VJG PWOGT CPF RCTVKCN NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV KP C R YGT UWRRN[ NKPG
WU R YGT UWRRN[ FCVC CPF CPVGPPC ECDNGU 6JWU VJG OGCUWTGF DGN Y s TGE TFGF CV VJG )CKUDGTI VTCPUOKUUK P OCUV
CDU NWVG XCNWG H VJG RCTVKCN NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV KP C UKPING N Y
X NVCIG ECDNG F GU P V RT XKFG CP[ WUGHWN KPH TOCVK P * Y
ever, it was veri ed that the partial lightning current in the low-
X NVCIG ECDNG WPFGT E PUKFGTCVK P JCU VJG UCOG R NCTKV[ CU YGNN
as a wave form and current ow duration comparable to the
RTKOCT[ NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPV CV VJG V R H VJG V YGT % PUGSWGPVN[
C UWTIG RT VGEVKXG FGXKEG KPUVCNNGF V RT VGEV VJKU ECDNG OWUV DG
ECRCDNG H FKUEJCTIKPI RCTVKCN NKIJVPKPI EWTTGPVU

� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
GUKIPKPI C NKI VPKPI
RT VGEVK P U[UVGO
 0GEGUUKV[ H C NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
U[UVGO s .GICN TGIWNCVK PU
6JG RWTR UG H C NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO KU V RT VGEV
buildings from direct lightning strikes and possible re or from
the consequences of lightning currents (non-igniting ash).
+H PCVK PCN TGIWNCVK PU UWEJ CU DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU URGEKCN
TGIWNCVK PU T URGEKCN FKTGEVKXGU TGSWKTG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
OGCUWTGU VJG[ OWUV DG KORNGOGPVGF
+H VJGUG TGIWNCVK PU F P V URGEKH[ C ENCUU H .25 C NKIJVPKPI
RT VGEVK P U[UVGO YJKEJ OGGVU VJG TGSWKTGOGPVU H ENCUU H
.25 +++ CEE TFKPI V +'% '0 KU TGE OOGPFGF
CU C OKPKOWO +P RTKPEKRNG C TKUM CPCN[UKU YJKEJ KU FGUETKDGF
KP VJG +'% '0 UVCPFCTF UGG EJCRVGT
UJ WNF DG RGTH TOGF H T CP XGTCNN CUUGUUOGPV
+P )GTOCP[ VJG
¨ 8F5 IWKFGNKPG p4KUKM TKGPVKGTVGT NKV WPF DGT
URCPPWPIUUEJWV 4KEJVNKPKGP WT 5EJCFGPXGTJØVWPIq
=p4KUM TKGPVGF NKIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG RT VGEVK P IWKFGNKPG
for damage prevention”]
ECP DG WUGF V FGVGTOKPG VJG ENCUU H .25
( T GZCORNG VJG CXCTKCP DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU C[ 1 UVCVG
VJCV RGTOCPGPVN[ GHHGEVKXG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU OWUV
DG KPUVCNNGF YJGP NKIJVPKPI ECP GCUKN[ UVTKMG C UVTWEVWTG T ECP
JCXG UGTK WU E PUGSWGPEGU FWG V
¨ +VU N ECVK P
¨ +VU V[RG H E PUVTWEVK P T
¨ +VU WUG
6JKU OGCPU NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO OWUV DG KP
UVCNNGF GXGP KH PN[ PG H VJG TGSWKTGOGPVU KU OGV
A lightning strike can have particularly UGTK WU E PUG
SWGPEGU H T UVTWEVWTGU FWG V VJGKT N ECVK P V[RG H E PUVTWE
VK P T WUG
A nursery school, for example, is a structure where a lightning
UVTKMG ECP JCXG UGTK WU E PUGSWGPEGU FWG V KVU WUG
6JG KPVGTRTGVCVK P H VJKU UVCVGOGPV KU OCFG ENGCT KP VJG H N
lowing court judgement:
Extract from the Bavarian Administrative Court, decision of
4 July 1984 – No. 2 B 84 A.624.
1. A nursery school is subject to the requirement to install ef
HGEVKXG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
6JG NGICN TGSWKTGOGPVU H VJG DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU H T CV
least re-retardant doors when designing staircases and
GZKVU CNU CRRN[ V C TGUKFGPVKCN DWKNFKPI YJKEJ J WUGU C
PWTUGT[ UEJ N
For the following reasons: According to article 15, section 7
H VJG CXCTKCP DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU XCNKF UGEVK P CV VJG VKOG
H VJG E WTV FGEKUK P UVTWEVWTGU YJGTG C NKIJVPKPI UVTKMG ECP
GCUKN[ EEWT T ECP JCXG UGTK WU E PUGSWGPEGU FWG V VJGKT
N ECVK P V[RG H E PUVTWEVK P T WUG OWUV DG GSWKRRGF YKVJ
RGTOCPGPVN[ GHHGEVKXG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU 6JWU GH
fective protective devices are required in two cases. In the rst
ECUG VJG UVTWEVWTGU CTG RCTVKEWNCTN[ UWUEGRVKDNG V NKIJVPKPI
UVTKMGU G I FWG V VJGKT JGKIJV T N ECVK P KP VJG VJGT ECUG C
NKIJVPKPI UVTKMG G I FWG V VJG V[RG H E PUVTWEVK P T WUG ECP
JCXG RCTVKEWNCTN[ UGTK WU E PUGSWGPEGU 6JG RNCKPVKHH U DWKNF
KPI HCNNU WPFGT VJG NCVVGT ECVGI T[ UKPEG KV KU WUGF CU C PWTUGT[
school. A nursery school is a structure where a lightning strike
ECP JCXG UGTK WU E PUGSWGPEGU FWG V KVU WUG 6JG HCEV VJCV
PWTUGT[ UEJ NU CTG P V GZRTGUUN[ OGPVK PGF KP VJG GZCORNGU
H UVTWEVWTGU YJKEJ CTG RCTVKEWNCTN[ CV TKUM KP VJG P VGU H VJG
CXCTKCP DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU F GU P V OCMG CP[ FKHHGTGPEG
6JG TKUM H UGTK WU E PUGSWGPEGU KH NKIJVPKPI JKVU C PWTUGT[
UEJ N TGUWNVU HT O VJG HCEV VJCV FWTKPI FC[ VKOG C NCTIG PWO
DGT H EJKNFTGP WPFGT UEJ N CIG CTG RTGUGPV CV VJG UCOG VKOG
6JG HCEV VJCV VJG T OU YJGTG VJG EJKNFTGP URGPF VJGKT VKOG CTG
on the ground oor and that the children could escape through
UGXGTCN YKPF YU s CU RWV H TYCTF D[ VJG RNCKPVKHH s KU P V FGEK
sive. In the event of re, there is no guarantee that children of
VJKU CIG YKNN TGCEV UGPUKDN[ CPF NGCXG VJG DWKNFKPI VJT WIJ VJG
windows, if necessary. In addition, the installation of suf cient
NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P GSWKROGPV KU P V V OWEJ V GZRGEV H
the operator of a nursery school. Article 36, section 6 of the
CXCTKCP DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU XCNKF UGEVK P CV VJG VKOG H VJG
E WTV FGEKUK P TGSWKTGU VJCV CO PIUV VJGT VJKPIU UVCKTECUGU
OWUV JCXG GPVTCPEGU V VJG DCUGOGPV YJKEJ JCXG UGNH EN UKPI
doors which are, at least, re-retardant. This requirement does
not apply to residential buildings with up to two ats (arti
ENG UGEVK P H VJG CXCTKCP DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU XCNKF
UGEVK P CV VJG VKOG H VJG E WTV FGEKUK P 6JG FGHGPFCPV PN[
OCFG VJG FGOCPF YJGP VJG RNCKPVKHH E PXGTVGF VJG DWKNFKPI
YJKEJ YCU RTGXK WUN[ WUGF CU C TGUKFGPVKCN DWKNFKPI KPV C
PWTUGT[ UEJ N KP CEE TFCPEG YKVJ VJG CWVJ TKUGF EJCPIG H
WUG 6JG GZGORVK P RT XKUK P H CTVKENG UGEVK P H VJG
CXCTKCP DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU XCNKF UGEVK P CV VJG VKOG H VJG
E WTV FGEKUK P ECPP V DG CRRNKGF V DWKNFKPIU YJKEJ YGTG DWKNV
as residential buildings with up to two ats, but which now
(also) serve another purpose which justi es the application
H VJG UCHGV[ TGSWKTGOGPVU KP CTVKENG UGEVK P V H VJG
CXCTKCP DWKNFKPI TGIWNCVK PU XCNKF UGEVK P CV VJG VKOG H VJG
E WTV FGEKUK P 6JKU KU VJG ECUG JGTG
5GTK WU E PUGSWGPEGU RCPKE ECP CNU CTKUG YJGP NKIJVPKPI
JKVU RNCEGU H RWDNKE CUUGODN[ UEJ NU CPF J URKVCNU ( T
VJGUG TGCU PU KV KU PGEGUUCT[ VJCV CNN GPFCPIGTGF UVTWEVWTGU
CTG GSWKRRGF YKVJ RGTOCPGPVN[ GHHGEVKXG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P
U[UVGOU
� ) 60 0) 2416 6 10 )7
.KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU TGSWKTGF s 4CKNYC[ UVCVK PU
5VTWEVWTGU YJGTG C NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO OWUV DG V[RK 9KVJ EWNVWTCN JGTKVCIG UWEJ CU
cally installed because, in these cases, the law has af rmed
s WKNFKPIU H JKUV TKE KPVGTGUV
VJG PGGF CTG
2NCEGU H RWDNKE CUUGODN[ YKVJ UVCIGU T E XGTGF CTGCU s /WUGWOU CPF CTEJKXGU
and places of public assembly for showing lms if the 2T VTWFKPI CD XG VJGKT UWTT WPFKPIU UWEJ CU
CUU EKCVGF CUUGODN[ T OU KPFKXKFWCNN[ T V IGVJGT s *KIJ EJKOPG[U
CEE OO FCVG O TG VJCP XKUKV TU
s 6 YGTU
2NCEGU H RWDNKE CUUGODN[ YKVJ CUUGODN[ T OU YJKEJ
s *KIJ DWKNFKPIU
KPFKXKFWCNN[ T V IGVJGT CEE OO FCVG O TG VJCP
XKUKV TU KP ECUG H UEJ NU OWUGWOU CPF UKOKNCT DWKNF
6JG H NN YKPI NKUV RT XKFGU CP XGTXKGY H VJG TGNGXCPV p)GP
KPIU VJKU TGIWNCVK P PN[ CRRNKGU V VJG KPURGEVK P H
VGEJPKECN KPUVCNNCVK PU KP CUUGODN[ T OU YJKEJ KP GTCN RT XKUK PUq YJKEJ FGCN YKVJ VJG PGEGUUKV[ FGUKIP CPF KP
FKXKFWCNN[ CEE OO FCVG O TG VJCP XKUKV TU CPF URGEVK P H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
VJGKT GUECRG T WVGU
)GPGTCN KPVGTPCVK PCN CPF PCVK PCN RT XKUK PU
5CNGU CTGCU YKVJ UCNGU T OU H O TG VJCP O H
oor space;
+0 )GTOCP UVCPFCTF
5J RRKPI UVTGGVU YKVJ UGXGTCN UCNGU CTGCU YJKEJ CTG )GTOCP E PUVTWEVK P E PVTCEV RT EGFWTGU 81 s 2CTV % )GP
E PPGEVGF V GCEJ VJGT GKVJGT FKTGEVN[ T XKC GUECRG eral technical speci cations in construction contracts (ATV) –
T WVGU CPF YJ UG UCNGU T OU KPFKXKFWCNN[ JCXG NGUU +PUVCNNCVK P H NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
VJCP O of oor space and have a total oor
URCEG H O TG VJCP O
.KIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
'ZJKDKVK P CTGCU YJ UG GZJKDKVK P T OU KPFKXKFWCNN[
T V IGVJGT JCXG O TG VJCP O of oor space; +' '0
4GUVCWTCPVU YKVJ O TG VJCP UGCVU T J VGNU YKVJ )GPGTCN RTKPEKRNGU
O TG VJCP DGFU
*KIJ TKUG DWKNFKPIU FGRGPFKPI P VJG HGFGTCN UVCVG +' '0
* URKVCNU CPF VJGT UVTWEVWTGU H C UKOKNCT RWTR UG 4KUM OCPCIGOGPV

/GFKWO UK GF CPF NCTIG UECNG ICTCIGU FGRGPFKPI P

5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0
VJG HGFGTCN UVCVG
UVCPFCTF
5VTWEVWTGU .KIJVPKPI VJTGCV KP )GTOCP[
% PVCKPKPI GZRN UKXGU UWEJ CU COOWPKVK P HCEV TKGU
COOWPKVK P CPF GZRN UKXG UV TGU 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0
% PVCKPKPI JC CTF WU N ECVK PU UWEJ CU XCTPKUJ CPF UVCPFCTF
RCKPV HCEV TKGU EJGOKECN HCEV TKGU NCTIG YCTGJ WUGU %CNEWNCVK P CUUKUVCPEG H T CUUGUUOGPV H TKUM H T UVTWEVWTGU
containing ammable liquids and large gas tanks,
10.3 Particularly at risk of re such as 5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0
UVCPFCTF
s .CTIG Y FY TMKPI HCEV TKGU
Additional information for the application of DIN EN 62305-2
s WKNFKPIU YKVJ VJCVEJGF T HU 8 '
s 9CTGJ WUGU CPF RT FWEVK P HCEKNKVKGU YKVJ C JKIJ
re load, +' '0
( T C NCTIG PWODGT H RGTU PU UWEJ CU 2J[UKECN FCOCIG V UVTWEVWTGU CPF NKHG JC CTF
s 5EJ NU
5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0
s * OGU H T VJG GNFGTN[ CPF EJKNFTGP U J OGU
UVCPFCTF
s CTTCEMU Additional information for the application of DIN EN 62305-3
s % TTGEVK PCN HCEKNKVKGU 8 '

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5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 +0 8 8 ' 8 )GTOCP UVCPFCTF
UVCPFCTF 6GUVKPI H VJG UWKVCDKNKV[ H E CVGF OGVCNNKE T HU CU C PCVWTCN
Additional information for special structures E OR PGPVU H VJG NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGO

5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 5RGEKCN UVCPFCTFU H T GCTVJsVGTOKPCVK P U[UVGOU

UVCPFCTF
Additional information for the testing and maintenance of +0 )GTOCP UVCPFCTF
NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU ( WPFCVK P GCTVJ GNGEVT FG s )GPGTCN RNCPPKPI ETKVGTKC

5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0 +0 8 ' )GTOCP UVCPFCTF

UVCPFCTF /CVGTKCN CPF OKPKOWO FKOGPUK PU H GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU YKVJ
TGURGEV V E TT UK P
7UG H OGVCNNKE T HU KP NKIJVPKPI RT VGEVK P U[UVGOU
+' '0
5WRRNGOGPV H VJG )GTOCP +0 '0
2 YGT KPUVCNNCVK PU GZEGGFKPI M8 C E
UVCPFCTF
.KIJVPKPI CPF XGTX NVCIG RT VGEVK P H T RJ V X NVCKE R YGT '0
UWRRN[ U[UVGOU 'CTVJKPI H R YGT KPUVCNNCVK PU GZEGGFKPI M8 C E

+' '0 +0 8 ' )GTOCP UVCPFCTF

'NGEVTKECN CPF GNGEVT PKE U[UVGOU YKVJKP UVTWEVWTGU 'CTVJKPI U[UVGO H T URGEKCN R YGT KPUVCNNCVK PU YKVJ P OKPCN
X NVCIGU CD XG M8
+' '0
4GSWKTGOGPVU H T E PPGEVK P E OR PGPVU '0
6JKU UVCPFCTF FGUETKDGU VJG TGSWKTGOGPVU H T OGVCN E PPGEVK P Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 1 kV
E OR PGPVU UWEJ CU E PPGEV TU E PPGEVKPI CPF DTKFIKPI E O
ponents, expansion pieces and test joints for lightning protec '0
VK P U[UVGOU 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV E TT UK P D[ UVTC[ EWTTGPV HT O FKTGEV EWT
TGPV U[UVGOU
+' '0
4GSWKTGOGPVU H T E PFWEV TU CPF GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU 5RGEKCN UVCPFCTFU H T KPVGTPCN NKIJVPKPI CPF UWTIG
This standard speci es e.g. the dimensions and tolerances RT VGEVK P GSWKR VGPVKCN D PFKPI
H T OGVCN E PFWEV TU CPF GCTVJ GNGEVT FGU CU YGNN CU VJG VGUV
TGSWKTGOGPVU H T VJG GNGEVTKECN CPF OGEJCPKECN XCNWGU H VJG +'
OCVGTKCNU . Y X NVCIG GNGEVTKECN KPUVCNNCVK PU s 2CTV 2T VGEVK P H T
UCHGV[ 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV GNGEVTKE UJ EM
+' '0
+'
4GSWKTGOGPVU H T KU NCVKPI URCTM ICRU
. Y X NVCIG GNGEVTKECN KPUVCNNCVK PU s 2CTV 2T VGEVK P H T
UCHGV[ s 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV X NVCIG FKUVWTDCPEGU CPF GNGEVT
+' '0
OCIPGVKE FKUVWTDCPEGU s %NCWUG 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV XGT
4GSWKTGOGPVU H T E PFWEV T HCUVGPGTU
X NVCIGU H CVO URJGTKE TKIKP T FWG V UYKVEJKPI

+' '0 +'

4GSWKTGOGPVU H T GCTVJ GNGEVT FG KPURGEVK P J WUKPIU CPF . Y X NVCIG GNGEVTKECN KPUVCNNCVK PU s 2CTV 2T VGEVK P H T
GCTVJ GNGEVT FG UGCNU UCHGV[ s 2T VGEVK P CICKPUV X NVCIG FKUVWTDCPEGU CPF GNGEVT
OCIPGVKE FKUVWTDCPEGU
+' '0
4GSWKTGOGPVU H T NKIJVPKPI UVTKMG E WPVGTU +'
. Y X NVCIG GNGEVTKECN KPUVCNNCVK PU s 5GNGEVK P CPF GTGEVK P
+' '0 H GNGEVTKECN GSWKROGPV s +U NCVK P UYKVEJKPI CPF E PVT N s
4GSWKTGOGPVU H T GCTVJKPI GPJCPEKPI E OR WPFU %NCWUG GXKEGU H T RT VGEVK P CICKPUV XGTX NVCIGU

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