DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v14i25.

2137

POBREZA: DA INSUFICIÊNCIA DE RENDA À PRIVAÇÃO

DE TEMPO

LILIAN LOPES RIBEIRO1

FERNANDO HENRIQUE TAQUES2

Resumo VJGNCEMQHKPEQOGCPFVJGRTQURGEV RQDTG CSWGNC RGUUQC EWLC TGPFC Ã

'UVG CTVKIQ VGO RQT QDLGVKXQ
TGCNK\CT WOC DTGXG TGXKUºQ VGÎTKEC
G GORÈTKEC UQDTG RQDTG\C GO FWCU
RGTURGEVKXCU PC RGTURGEVKXC VTCFK
EKQPCN FC GUECUUG\ FG TGPFC G PC
RGTURGEVKXC FC RTKXCÁºQ FG VGORQ
RCTC CNQECÁºQ GO CVKXKFCFGU EQOQ
NC\GTGFGUECPUQ0Q¸ODKVQFCTGPFC
DWUECUGFGPVTGQWVTCUEQKUCUFKUUGT
VCTUQDTGCFGſPKÁºQFGRQDTG\CQU
ETKVÃTKQUFGKFGPVKſECÁºQFQURQDTGU
OÃVQFQUFGOGPUWTCÁºQGTGUWNVCFQU
QDVKFQU %QPVWFQ CNIWPU CWVQTGU
CTIWOGPVCOSWGCTGPFCRQTUKUÎ
PºQ Ã UWſEKGPVG RCTC TGRTGUGPVCT C
RQDTG\C 2CTVKPFQ FGUUG CTIWOGP
VQCQTGXKUCTQUGUVWFQUTGCNK\CFQU
UQDTGRQDTG\CFGVGORQRGTEGDGUG
SWG GPSWCPVQ CNIWOCU RGUSWKUCU
TGCNK\CFCUCRTGUGPVCORQPVQUFKXGT
IGPVGURTKPEKRCNOGPVGGPVTGCTGNCÁºQ
GFWECÁºQRQDTG\CFGVGORQGTGPFC
RQDTG\C FG VGORQ WO RQPVQ SWG
EQPXGTIG PC OCKQTKC FCU RGUSWKUCU
à SWG OWNJGTGU UºQ OCKU RTKXCFCU
FGCVKXKFCFGUEQOQFGUECPUQGNC\GT
Palavras-chave:DGOGUVCTRQDTG\C
FGTGPFCRQDTG\CFGVGORQ
QHYKVJFTCYCNVKOGHQTCNNQECVKQPVQ
CEVKXKVKGUUWEJCUNGKUWTGCPFTGUV7P
FGTVJGTGPVUGGMKPIKUCOQPIQVJGT
VJKPIUGNCDQTCVGQPVJGFGſPKVKQPQH
RQXGTV[ VJG ETKVGTKC HQT KFGPVKH[KPI
VJG RQQT OGCUWTGOGPV OGVJQFU
CPFTGUWNVU*QYGXGTUQOGCWVJQTU
CTIWGVJCVVJGTGPVRGTUGKUPQVUWHſ
EKGPVVQTGRTGUGPVVJGRQXGTV[$CUGF
QPVJKUCTIWOGPVVQTGXKGYVJGUVWF
KGU QP RQXGTV[ QH VKOG [QW TGCNK\G
VJCVYJKNGUQOGQHVJGUWTXG[UUJQY
FKXGTIGPVRQKPVUOCKPN[QPVJGTGNC
VKQPUJKRDGVYGGPGFWECVKQPRQXGTV[
QHVKOGCPFKPEQOGRQXGTV[QHVKOG
EQPXGTIGU VQ C RQKPV KP OQUV UVWF
KGUKUVJCVYQOGPCTGOQTGRTKXCVG
CEVKXKVKGUUWEJCUTGUVCPFTGETGCVKQP
KeywordsYGNHCTGKPEQOGRQXGTV[
RQXGTV[QHVKOG
,'.++
1. Introdução
#HKPCN Q SWG Ã RQDTG\C! 2CTC
FKXGTUQU CWVQTGU EQOQ *QHHOCPP
 SWCPFQUGFKURÐGCRGPCUFQU
TGPFKOGPVQU RGUUQCKU EQPUKFGTCUG
KIWCN QW GUV¶ CDCKZQ FG WO XCNQT
GUVCDGNGEKFQ FGPQOKPCFQ NKPJC FG
RQDTG\C 0GUUG ECUQ Q KPFKXÈFWQ
à ECTCEVGTK\CFQ EQOQ CSWGNG EWLC
UWCTGPFCÃKPHGTKQTCWOCNKPJCFG
RQDTG\CUGLCCRCTVKTFQGPHQSWGOQ
PGV¶TKQUGLCCRCTVKTFCEGUVCD¶UKEC
,¶ RCTC QWVTQU EQOQ 4QEJC
  C RQDTG\C FGXG UGT EQORTG
GPFKFC PWO EQPVGZVQ OCKU CORNQ
EQOQQCVGPFKOGPVQ´UPGEGUUKFCFGU
D¶UKECUEQOQCNKOGPVCÁºQGFWECÁºQ
UCPGCOGPVQ D¶UKEQ G JCDKVCÁºQ FG
VGTOKPCFCURQTWOCUQEKGFCFGQWTG
IKºQ%QOEGTVG\CCEQORTGGPUºQFQ
EQPEGKVQFGRQDTG\CVGOOGNJQTCFQG
CRTQHWPFCFQEQPUKFGTCXGNOGPVGPCU
ÕNVKOCU FÃECFCU CRÎU QU VTCDCNJQU
UGOKPCKUFG#OCTV[C5GP
7OEQPUGPUQSWGUGVGOÃSWGQ
EQPEGKVQFGRQDTG\CGUV¶TGNCEKQPCFQ
´ DWUEC RGNQ DGOGUVCT CVTCXÃU FQ
CVGPFKOGPVQ´UPGEGUUKFCFGUD¶UKECU
UQDTGVWFQ PQU RCÈUGU GO FGUGPXQN
XKOGPVQ2CTC4CXCNNKQP  WOC
FCU RGTIWPVCU SWG FGXGO UGT TGU
pondidas é como deve ser avaliado
QDGOGUVCTGUVCTFQUKPFKXÈFWQU#U
UKOUGPFQCCDQTFCIGOVTCFKEKQPCN

Abstract
6JKURCRGTCKOUVQEQPFWEVCDTKGH 1
 'RXWRUDHP(FRQRPLDSHOR&$(18)&SURIHVVRUDWLWXODUGD)DFXOGDGH3DGUmR
TGXKGY QH VJGQTGVKECN CPF GORKTKECN (PDLOOLDGLQL]#KRWPDLO
TGUGCTEJQPRQXGTV[KPVYQRGTURGE
2
 0HVWUHHP(FRQRPLDSHOR3(3*(338&63SURIHVVRUGR&HQWUR8QLYHUVLWiULR
GDV )DFXOGDGHV 0HWURSROLWDQDV 8QLGDV )08  (PDLO )HUQDQGRWDTXHV#
VKXGU VJG VTCFKVKQPCN RGTURGEVKXG hotmail.com

 #PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$# 4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1


De fato, definir
e mensurar a
pobreza, não
é algo trivial e
está longe de
apresentar um
consenso entre
os pesquisadores
que tratam esse
tema.
RCTC FGſPKÁºQ FG RQDTGU RTKXKNGIKC
QOGTECFQGPºQEQPUKFGTCCVTKDWVQU
PºQOQPGV¶TKQUSWGVCODÃOKPƀWGO
PQDGOGUVCTFCURGUUQCUWOFGUUGU
CVTKDWVQU SWG FGXG UGT NGXCFQ GO
EQPUKFGTCÁºQÃCCNQECÁºQFQVGORQ
destinado em atividades como o
NC\GTGQFGUECPUQ
2CTVKPFQFGUUGCTECDQWÁQVGÎTKEQ
Q QDLGVKXQ RTKPEKRCN FGUUG CTVKIQ é
CRTGUGPVCTWOCTGXKUºQNKVGT¶TKCPºQ
UQOGPVG UQDTG RQDTG\C C RCTVKT FQ
OÃVQFQVTCFKEKQPCNQFCKPUWſEKÄPEKC
FGTGPFCEQOQVCODÃOFCRQDTG\C
GOWOCRGTURGEVKXCFCCNQECÁºQFG
VGORQ0Q¸ODKVQFCTGPFCDWUECUG
FGPVTGQWVTCUEQKUCUFKUUGTVCTUQDTGC
FGſPKÁºQFGRQDTG\CQUETKVÃTKQUFG
KFGPVKſECÁºQ FQU RQDTGU OÃVQFQU
FGOGPUWTCÁºQGTGUWNVCFQUQDVKFQU
2QT UWC XG\ CQ TGXKUCT QU GUVWFQU
TGCNK\CFQUUQDTGRQDTG\CFGVGORQ
RGTEGDGUG SWG GPSWCPVQ CNIWOCU
RGUSWKUCU TGCNK\CFCU CRTGUGPVCO
pontos divergentes principalmente
GPVTGCTGNCÁºQGFWECÁºQRQDTG\CFG
VGORQ G TGPFCRQDTG\C FG VGORQ
WORQPVQSWGEQPXGTIGPCOCKQTKC
FCU RGUSWKUCU Ã SWG OWNJGTGU UºQ
mais privadas de atividades como
FGUECPUQGNC\GT
1VTCDCNJQGUV¶GUVTWVWTCFQCNÃO
FGUUCKPVTQFWÁºQGFCEQPENWUºQGO
FWCUUGções#RTKOGKTCFGNCUCTIW
OGPVCUQDTGCRQDTG\CGOWOCRGTU
RGEVKXCFCKPUWſEKÄPEKCFGTGPFCC
RCTVKTFGWODTGXGTGHGTGPEKCNVGÎTKEQ
4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1
CEGTECFCFGNKOKVCÁºQGOGPUWTCÁºQ
FGRQDTGUCNÃOFGGXKFÄPEKCUGORÈ
TKECUFCGNCUVKEKFCFGTGPFCRQDTG\CG
FGETGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQDTGVCPVQGO
¸ODKVQ KPVGTPCEKQPCN SWCPVQ RCTC
Q $TCUKN # UGIWPFC UGção GZRÐG C
RQDTG\C GO WOC RGTURGEVKXC FC
KPUWHKEKÄPEKC FG VGORQ 0GUVC UºQ
CRTGUGPVCFCUUQDTGVWFQ CUGXKFÄP
EKCU GORÈTKECU TGCNK\CFCU UQDTG Q
VGOCGOFKXGTUQURCÈUGU
2. Pobreza: em uma perspecti-
XCFCKPUWſEKÄPEKCFGTGPFC
# WVKNK\CÁºQ FC XCTK¶XGN TGPFC
EQOQKPFKECFQTFQPÈXGNFGRQDTG\C
FG WOC RQRWNCÁºQ à CNIQ HTGSWGPVG
PC NKVGTCVWTC GEQPÏOKEC 5GIWPFQ
4C[  QEQPEGKVQTGNCEKQPCFQ´
OGPUWTCÁºQFGUUCFKOGPUºQRCTVGFC
KFGKCFGNKPJCFCRQDTG\CFGTKXCFCFG
WOCOGFKFCFGTGPFCEQPUWOQQW
GPVºQFQCEGUUQCQUDGPUGUGTXKÁQU
0Q $TCUKN C NKPJC FG RQDTG\C
CRTGUGPVCFC RGNQ +PUVKVWVQ FG 2GU
SWKUC'EQPÏOKEC#RNKECFC +2'# Ã
QFQDTQFCNKPJCFGGZVTGOCRQDTG\C
EWLCGUVKOCVKXCEQPVGORNCQXCNQTFG
WOC EGUVC FG CNKOGPVQU SWG EQPVG
PJCQOÈPKOQPGEGUU¶TKQFGECNQTKCU
RCTC UWRTKT CFGSWCFCOGPVG WOC
RGUUQC EQPHQTOG TGEQOGPFCÁÐGU
FC1TICPK\CÁºQFCU0CÁÐGU7PKFCU
RCTC #ITKEWNVWTC G #NKOGPVCÁºQ
(#1 GFC1TICPK\CÁºQ/WPFKCNFC
5CÕFG 1/5  4C[   RQT UWC
XG\ CVGPVC CQ HCVQ FG SWG OGUOQ
TGNCEKQPCFQ ´ SWCPVKFCFG OÈPKOC
FG ECNQTKCU PGEGUU¶TKCU RCTC WOC
RGUUQCCOGFKFCÃFGTKXCFCFGWO
KPFKECFQTTGNCEKQPCFQ´TGPFCRQKU
GUV¶TGNCEKQPCFCCQUEWUVQUFQURTQ
FWVQUCQURTGÁQUFQUDGPUCQPÈXGN
FGEQPUWOQFQUCN¶TKQQWFCTGPFC
FGFGVGTOKPCFCRQRWNCÁºQ
2CTC5GP  CFKUEWUUºQUQDTG
CNKPJCFGRQDTG\CXCKCNÃO1CWVQT
CTIWOGPVCSWGCRQDTG\CPGUUGECUQ
à FGſPKFC CVTCXÃU FQU ETKVÃTKQU FG
KFGPVKſECÁºQ FQU RQDTGU G FC CITG
ICÁºQFGRCT¸OGVTQUTGNCEKQPCFQUC
GUUGITWRQRCTCQDVGTWOÈPFKEGFG
RQDTG\C 2QTVCPVQ GUUC CITGICÁºQ
EQPUKUVG PC TGCNKFCFG WPKECOGPVG
PWOC EQPVCIGO FQ PÕOGTQ FG RQ
#PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$#
DTGU C RCTVKT FC RTQRQTÁºQ EQPVKFC
PCRQRWNCÁºQ
#SWGUVºQUQDTGFGſPKTWOCNKPJC
FGRQDTG\CRCUUCRGNCHWPFCOGPVC
ÁºQFQUEQPEGKVQUFGRQDTG\CCDUQ
NWVCGTGNCVKXC6QFCTQG5OKVJ  
CRTGUGPVCOSWGCCDQTFCIGOCDUQ
NWVCTGƀGVGQPÕOGTQFGRGUUQCUSWG
VGOCEGUUQCWOCEGUVCFGEQPUWOQ
SWGEQPVGORNGQOÈPKOQPGEGUU¶TKQ
RCTC UWDUKUVÄPEKC 2QT QWVTQ NCFQ
C RGTURGEVKXC TGNCVKXC GPINQDC WOC
NKPJC FG RQDTG\C EQORCTCVKXC GO
TGNCÁºQCWOXCNQTFGTGPFCOÃFKC
FCRQRWNCÁºQQWCNIWOETKVÃTKQSWG
EQORCTG PÈXGKU FKUVKPVQU FG TGPFC
GPVTGCURCTEGNCUFCRQRWNCÁºQ 8+
0*#+5517<# 
'OTGNCÁºQCGUVGUFQKUEQPEGKVQU
(,2 G +2'#   4QEJC   G
*QHHOCPP  FGHGPFGOQWUQFG
NKPJCUFGRQDTG\CCDUQNWVCPQ$TCUKN
RQT CETGFKVCTGO SWG Q EQPEGKVQ FG
RQDTG\CTGNCVKXCUGEQPHWPFGEQOQ
EQPEGKVQFGFGUKIWCNFCFGGEQPÏOKEC
CNÃOFGVCNEQPEGKVQPºQCRTGUGPVCT
QDLGVKXKFCFGRCTCCCFQÁºQFGRQNÈ
VKECURÕDNKECU
&GHCVQFGſPKTGOGPUWTCTCRQ
DTG\CPºQÃCNIQVTKXKCNGGUV¶NQPIG
FGCRTGUGPVCTWOEQPUGPUQGPVTGQU
RGUSWKUCFQTGUSWGVTCVCOGUUGVGOC
'ZKUVGO FKUVKPVQU EQPEGKVQU FQ SWG
XGPJC C UGT RQDTG\C TGNCEKQPCFQU
C CURGEVQU OGVQFQNÎIKEQU G KPFKEC
FQTGU FKHGTGPVGU 2QT GUUG OQVKXQ
FKXGTUQUCWVQTGUTGCNK\CTCORGUSWK
UCU GORÈTKECU RCTVKPFQ FG FKUVKPVQU
OÃVQFQUFGOGPUWTCÁºQFCRQDTG\C
RTKPEKRCNOGPVG WVKNK\CPFQ EQOQ
XCTK¶XGNFGKPVGTGUUGFGCP¶NKUGWO
KPFKECFQT XKPEWNCFQ ´ TGPFC RCTC
VGUVCTGOUWCUJKRÎVGUGU
7OC SWGUVºQ KORQTVCPVG PGUUG
FGDCVG UG TGHGTG CQU FKUVKPVQU KPFK
ECFQTGUWVKNK\CFQURCTCOGPUWTCTC
RQDTG\C#VCZCFGKPEKFÄPEKCŌhe-
adcount ratioCORNCOGPVGWVKNK\CFC
PCNKVGTCVWTCEQPVGORNCCRTQRQTÁºQ
FGRGUUQCUCDCKZQFCNKPJCFGRQDTG
\CTGXGNCPFQCUUKOWOCNCEWPCKO
RQTVCPVGPCOGPUWTCÁºQFCRQDTG\C
UGIWPFQ5GP  &GCEQTFQEQOQ
CWVQTGUUGKPFKECFQTFGCITGICÁºQÃ
NKOKVCFQRQTPºQNGXCTGOEQPVCUGQU
KPFKXÈFWQUUKVWCFQUCDCKZQFCNKPJC

 FGRQDTG\CGUVºQRTÎZKOQUQWOWKVQ
FKUVCPVGUFGUUGNKOKVG
A incorporação 1WVTQ KPFKECFQT CDQTFCFQ PC
de um componente NKVGTCVWTCÃQJKCVQFCRQDTG\CŌpo-
verty gap1KPFKECFQTOGFGQSWCPVQ
de desigualdade FGTGPFCÃPGEGUU¶TKQRCTCSWGUGLC
em um indicador de CVKPIKFQQPÈXGNFGTGPFCUKVWCFQPC
NKPJCFGRQDTG\C0GUUGECUQTGXGNC
pobreza, segundo UGTWOKPFKECFQTFGKPUWſEKÄPEKCFG
Sen (2001) busca TGPFCOÃFKC0QVGSWGQKPFKECFQTÃ
KPUGPUÈXGNCQPÕOGTQFGKPFKXÈFWQU
corrigir as limitações FCCOQUVTCGSWGOGFGWPKECOGPVG
apontadas para a CKPUWſEKÄPEKCFGTGPFCOÃFKCGOTG
taxa de incidência NCÁºQ´NKPJCFGRQDTG\C 5'0 
1 ÈPFKEG FG (QUVGT)TGGT6JQT
e hiato da pobreza, DGEMG VCODÃO EQPJGEKFQ EQOQ
incorporando a ()6TGÕPGPWOÕPKEQKPFKECFQTQU
EQPEGKVQU FC VCZC FG KPEKFÄPEKC FQ
sensibilidade da JKCVQ FC RQDTG\C G C FGUKIWCNFCFG
distribuição de renda FGTGPFCEQPHQTOGQETKVÃTKQFQÈP
FKEGFG5GP#KPEQTRQTCÁºQFGWO
entre os pobres. EQORQPGPVGFGFGUKIWCNFCFGGOWO
KPFKECFQTFGRQDTG\CUGIWPFQ5GP
  DWUEC EQTTKIKT CU NKOKVCÁÐGU
CRQPVCFCURCTCCVCZCFGKPEKFÄPEKC
GJKCVQFCRQDTG\CKPEQTRQTCPFQC
UGPUKDKNKFCFGFCFKUVTKDWKÁºQFGTGP
FCGPVTGQURQDTGU6QFCTQG5OKVJ
 CKPFCOGPEKQPCOQÈPFKEGFG
RQDTG\C JWOCPC Ō human poverty
indexSWGEQPVGORNCVTÄUXCTK¶XGKU
C  CWUÄPEKC FG CEGUUQ C TGEWTUQU
RÕDNKEQU EQOQ UCPGCOGPVQ D¶UKEQ
PWVTKÁºQ G UCÕFG RQT GZGORNQ D 
RTQRQTÁºQFCRQRWNCÁºQCPCNHCDGVC
G E RGTEGPVCIGOFCRQRWNCÁºQSWG
PºQEJGICCQUCPQUFGKFCFG'UUG
KPFKECFQTHQKKPVTQFW\KFQRGNC1TIC
PK\CÁºQFCU0CÁÐGU7PKFCU
'UUGUEQPEGKVQUUGTXKTCOFGDCUG
RCTCFKXGTUQUVTCDCNJQUSWGWVKNK\C
ram métodos e indicadores distintos
GO UWCU RGUSWKUCU #NIWOCU FCU
GXKFÄPEKCUGORÈTKECURCTCGUVKOCVKXC
FC RQDTG\C RCTVGO FCU GUVKOCVKXCU
FGGNCUVKEKFCFGU

Autor(es) Método Período Nível de Análise Resultados

5VGXCPUG 'NCUVKEKFCFG TGPFCRQDTG\C Décadas #WOGPVQU PQ ETGUEKOGPVQ
5GUUKQPU  GUVKOCFCCRCTVKTFGWOOQF FG´ Estados Unidos GEQPÏOKEQ GUVºQ UKIPKſECPVG
GNQFGEQTTGÁºQFGGTTQU  OGPVGTGNCEKQPCFQUCTGFWÁÐGUPC
VCZCFGRQDTG\C
/GPIet al. 'NCUVKEKFCFG TGPFCRQDTG\C #WOGPVQ PC RQDTG\C CUUQEKCFQ
 C RCTVKT FQ OÃVQFQ FG ETQUU  %JKPC CQ CWOGPVQ PQU RTGÁQU FQU CNK
section OGPVQU G CQU EWUVQU UWDUKFKCFQU
RGNQ'UVCFQ
#FCOU  'NCUVKEKFCFG ETGUEKOGPVQRQ Décadas RCÈUGUGO %TGUEKOGPVQ GEQPÏOKEQ TGFW\ C
DTG\C CVTCXÃU FQ OÃVQFQ FG FGG desenvolvimento RQDTG\C OCU C TGFWÁºQ GUV¶ CU
OÈPKOQUSWCFTCFQUQTFKP¶TK  UQEKCFC´FGUKIWCNFCFGFGTGPFC
os para dados em painel
9QFQP  ´ $CPINCFGUJ 1 ETGUEKOGPVQ TGFW\ C RQDTG\C
'NCUVKEKFCFG ETGUEKOGPVQ  VCPVQ PCU \QPCU WTDCPCU SWCPVQ
RQDTG\CCRCTVKTFGFCFQUGO TWTCKU UGPFQ GUVC TGFWÁºQ CUUQ
painel EKCFC ´ FGUKIWCNFCFG PCU ¶TGCU
WTDCPCU

Hoffmann 'NCUVKEKFCFG FC RTQRQTÁºQ  'UVCFQUDTCUKNGKTQU 8CNQT CDUQNWVQ FC GNCUVKEKFCFG
 FGRQDTGUGOTGNCÁºQCQTGP G ETGUEGTKCEQOQCWOGPVQFQTGP
FKOGPVQOÃFKQGQÈPFKEGFG dimento médio e decresceria com
Gini a partir de parâmetros OCKQTPÈXGNFGFGUKIWCNFCFG
FCFKUVTKDWKÁºQNQIPQTOCNFQ
rendimento

6QEJGVVQet al. 'NCUVKEKFCFG FC RQDTG\C GO ´ 'UVCFQUDTCUKNGKTQU Heterogeneidade de elasticidades
 TGNCÁºQCQETGUEKOGPVQFQ2+$  selecionados GPVTGQUGUVCFQU
FQUGVQTPºQCITÈEQNC

 #PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$# 4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1

 Autor(es) Método
&G.KOC Dados em painel para estimar
$CTTGVQG CUGNCUVKEKFCFGUTGPFCRQDTG
/CTKPJQ  \CGFGUKIWCNFCFGRQDTG\C
0GFGT  Elasticidade de medidas de
RQDTG\C GO TGNCÁºQ ´ TGPFC
OÃFKC G ´ FGUKIWCNFCFG KP
FKECFCRGNQ PFKEGFG)KPK
%QGNJQ  Dados em painel para esti
mar a elasticidade renda e
FGUKIWCNFCFG FC GZVTGOC KP
FKIÄPEKC
5CNXCVQet al. 'NCUVKEKFCFGU FC TGFWÁºQ
 FC RQDTG\C G FC KPFKIÄPEKC
GO TGNCÁºQ CQ ETGUEKOGPVQ
GEQPÏOKEQ G ´ VCZC FG XCTKC
ÁºQFCFGUKIWCNFCFGFGTGPFC
4GUGPFG  'NCUVKEKFCFG RQDTG\CETGUEK
OGPVQCVTCXÃUFGWOOQFGNQ
FG/31CRCTVKTFGFWCUOG
FKFCU FG RQDTG\C RTQRQTÁºQ
FGKPFKIGPVGUGRTQRQTÁºQFG
RQDTGU
/CVKCUet al. Elasticidade crescimento da
 RQDTG\C G FGUKIWCNFCFG FC
RQDTG\C
Período Nível de Análise Resultados
´ 'UVCFQUDTCUKNGKTQU 2QDTG\C Ã UGPUÈXGN ´U RQNÈVKECU
 KIWCNKV¶TKCU
G TGCUTWTCKU # GNCUVKEKFCFG FC RQDTG\C ETGUEG
 TGIKÐGUGGUVCFQU  com o desenvolvimento das
FQ$TCUKN TGIKÐGUGCFKUVTKDWKÁºQFGUKIWCNÃ
WOGPVTCXGCQCNÈXKQFCRQDTG\C
´ 'UVCFQUDTCUKNGKTQU # TGFWÁºQ FC FGUKIWCNFCFG RQU
 UWK WO GHGKVQ OCKU GZRTGUUKXQ
RCTCQUOCKURQDTGUFQSWGQCW
mento da renda média
G /WPKEÈRKQUGO /CKQT GNCUVKEKFCFG ETGUEKOGPVQ
 FKUVKPVQUPÈXGKUFG FCTGFWÁºQFCRQDTG\CPCTGIKºQ
CITGICÁºQ UWFGUVG 0QVCUG WOC EQTTGNCÁºQ
PGICVKXCGPVTGQOÎFWNQFCGNCU
VKEKFCFGGCFGUKIWCNFCFGKPKEKCN
G /WPKEÈRKQU /CKQT GNCUVKEKFCFG RQDTG\CETGU
 mineiros EKOGPVQ GO CNIWOCU TGIKÐGU GO
FGVTKOGPVQ FG QWVTCU UGPFQ GUVC
TGNCÁºQX¶NKFCRCTCQUFQKUKPFKEC
FQTGUFGRQDTG\C
´ Unidades )TCPFG FKURCTKFCFG KPVGTGUVCF
 federativas do WCNPCUGNCUVKEKFCFGUETGUEKOGPVQ
$TCUKN FCRQDTG\CGOSWGWPKFCFGUOG
nos ricas apresentam menor elas
VKEKFCFGETGUEKOGPVQFCRQDTG\C

2KPVQG1NKXGKTC 'NCUVKEKFCFG FC RQDTG\C GO $TCUKNGUWCU # RQDTG\C ECKW TCRKFCOGPVG

 TGNCÁºQ ´ TGPFC G ´ FGUKIWCN ´ WPKFCFGU FGUFGOCUCKPFCGZKUVGWOC
dade  federativas grande discrepância entre esta
FQUGTGIKÐGU
&G(TCPÁC  'NCUVKEKFCFG TGPFCRQDTG\C ´ Unidades # TGFWÁºQ FC FGUKIWCNFCFG VGO
G FGUKIWCNFCFGRQDTG\C GUVK  federativas do OCKQT GHGKVQ PC TGFWÁºQ FQU
madas pelo método de dados $TCUKN PÈXGKUFGRQDTG\CSWGQCWOGPVQ
em painel da renda média
5KNXGKTC0GVQ 'NCUVKEKFCFG RQDTG\CETGUEK G 4GIKºQPQTFGUVGFQ #DCKZCSWCNKFCFGFQETGUEKOGPVQ
 mento a partir do método de  $TCUKN nordestino está associada ao el
cross-section GXCFQ PÈXGN FG FGUKIWCNFCFG PC
RQUUGFGCVKXQURTQFWVKXQU
/CTKPJQG Elasticidade da renda média ´ GUVCFQU 3WCPVQ OCKQT C TGPFC OÃFKC
5QCTGU  UQDTG C RQDTG\C C RCTVKT FQ  DTCUKNGKTQU OCKQT Q XCNQT CDUQNWVQ FC GNCUVK
método de dados em painel EKFCFGGSWCPVQOCKQTCEQPEGPV
TCÁºQOGPQTQXCNQTCDUQNWVQFC
GNCUVKEKFCFG
'NCUVKEKFCFGTGPFCRQDTG\C 2QNÈVKECU RÕDNKECU FKTGEKQPCFCU
TGFKUVTKDWKÁºQRQDTG\C ´ FKUVTKDWKÁºQ OCKU KIWCNKV¶TKC
6CSWGU  TGPFCFGUKIWCNFCFGGRQDTG ´ Unidades FC TGPFC UºQ OCKU GHGVKXCU PC
\CFGUKIWCNFCFGCRCTVKTFQ  federativas do TGFWÁºQFCRQDTG\C
método de dados em painel $TCUKN

Quadro 1 - Evidências da elasticidade renda-pobreza

Fonte: Elaboração própria dos autores

4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1 #PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$# 111

 &GWOCHQTOCIGTCNQUVTCDCNJQU
relacionados a esse método identi
ſECTCO OGUOQ EQO GURGEKſECÁÐGU
econométricas e indicadores diver
IGPVGUSWGCSWGFCPCRQDTG\CGUV¶
relacionada ao crescimento econô
OKEQQWGPVºQCQCWOGPVQPQPÈXGN
FGTGPFCQWEQPUWOQFCRQRWNCÁºQ
%QPVWFQ CNIWPU CWVQTGU EQPENWGO
CKPFC WO TGUWNVCFQ KORQTVCPVG FG
SWG C SWGFC PC RQDTG\C PºQ GUV¶
CUUQEKCFCWPKECOGPVG´TGPFCOCU
VCODÃOCWOCTGFWÁºQPQPÈXGNFG
FGUKIWCNFCFG FG TGPFC VCN EQOQ
KPFKECFQRQT5GP  
&GPVTGQURTKPEKRCKUGUVWFQURCTC
Q$TCUKNUGFGUVCECOQUVTCDCNJQUFG
/CTKPJQG5QCTGU  G*QHHOCPP
  1U RTKOGKTQU GUVKOCO C
GNCUVKEKFCFGFCTGPFCOÃFKCUQDTGC
RQDTG\C RCTC QU GUVCFQU DTCUKNGKTQU
CRCTVKTFCFGEQORQUKÁºQFCXCTKC
ÁºQFCRQDTG\CGOFQKUVGTOQU1U
CWVQTGU GPEQPVTCO EQOQ TGUWNVCFQ
SWGSWCPVQOCKQTHQTCTGPFCOÃFKC
OCKQTUGT¶QXCNQTCDUQNWVQFCGNCU
VKEKFCFGGSWCPVQOCKQTCEQPEGPVTC
ÁºQOGPQTUGT¶QXCNQTCDUQNWVQFC
GNCUVKEKFCFG # RCTVKT FGUUG GUVWFQ
*QHHOCPP   GNCDQTC WOC RGU
SWKUCQPFGGUVKOCCGNCUVKEKFCFGFC
RQDTG\CGOTGNCÁºQ´TGPFCOÃFKCG´
FGUKIWCNFCFGRCTCQ$TCUKNWVKNK\CPFQ
CUOGFKFCU C RTQRQTÁºQFGRQDTGU
D  ÈPFKEG FG RQDTG\C FG 5GP3 G E 
ÈPFKEGFG(QUVGT)TGGTG6JQTDGEMG
%QOQTGUWNVCFQQCWVQTKFGPVKſEQW
RCFTÐGU FG XCTKCÁºQ UGOGNJCPVG
GPVTG CU WPKFCFGU HGFGTCVKXCU FQ
$TCUKNFKUVKPVCOGPVGFQTGUWNVCFQFG
/CTKPJQG5QCTGU  
2CTVKPFQ FG QWVTQ TGHGTGPEKCN
CNIWPU CWVQTGU GUVWFCO C SWGUVºQ
FC RQDTG\C UQD C RGTURGEVKXC FG
ETGUEKOGPVQ RTÎRQDTG 0ºQ J¶
PC TGCNKFCFG WOC FGſPKÁºQ ÕPKEC
UQDTGGUUGEQPEGKVQ#NIWPUCWVQTGU
EQOQ4CXCNNKQPG%JGP  G&CVV
G4CXCNNKQP  CTIWOGPVCOSWG
esse tipo de crescimento ocorre se
PQ RGTÈQFQ CPCNKUCFQ JQWXGT WOC
TGFWÁºQPCRTQRQTÁºQFGRQDTGU
%QPVWFQ J¶ FG UG OGPEKQPCT
SWGGZKUVGOQWVTCUFWCUCDQTFCIGPU
TGNCEKQPCFCU CQ ETGUEKOGPVQ RTÎ
RQDTGCDUQNWVCGTGNCVKXC4CXCNNKQP
G%JGP  G-TCC[  FGHGP
FGOSWGQETGUEKOGPVQÃRTÎRQDTG
GO VGTOQU CDUQNWVQU UG IGTCT WO
ICPJQTGCNPCTGPFCFQURQDTGU2QT
QWVTQNCFQCÎVKECTGNCVKXCNGXCGO
EQPVC QU GHGKVQU FQ CWOGPVQ RTQ
RQTEKQPCNFCTGPFCFQUOCKURQDTGU
-.#5'0-#-9#0+G
2'40+#-#-9#0+G510
510 

Autor(es) Método Período Nível de Análise Resultados

5CNXCVQet al. %WTXCFG G 4GIKºQ/GVTQRQNKVCPC 2CTCCUTGIKÐGURGUSWKUCFCUPGPJWOCITCPFG
 KPEKFÄPEKCFQ FG$GNQ*QTK\QPVGG TGIKºQEQOQWOVQFQCRTGUGPVQWETGUEKOGPVQ
crescimento 5CNXCFQTGFKHGTGPVGU RTÎRQDTG PC FÃECFC FG  RQTÃO CQ TG
OWPKEÈRKQUFG4GEKHGG FW\KTQPÈXGNFGCITGICÁºQÃRQUUÈXGNXGTKſECT
/CPCWUGOFKHGTGPVGU HQEQU FG ETGUEKOGPVQ RTÎRQDTG RCTVKEWNCT
PÈXGKUFGCITGICÁºQ OGPVGGO$GNQ*QTK\QPVGG5CNXCFQT

%WTXCFG Década de &CFQUFGOWPKEÈRKUQ 0ºQJQWXGGXKFÄPEKCUSWGGOITCPFGUTGIKÐGU

KPEKFÄPEKCFQ  DTCUKNGKTQUGOFKUVKPVQU QETGUEKOGPVQHQKRTÎRQDTGPCFÃECFCFG
5CNXCVQet al. crescimento PÈXGKUFGCITGICÁºQ 'PVTGGUVCFQUCRGPCUUGFGWGO4QTCKOC0CU
 OGUQTTGIKÐGU DTCUKNGKTCU CRGPCU  CRTG
UGPVQWETGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQDTGGPSWCPVQRCTC
CU OKETQTTGIKÐGU Q PÕOGTQ PºQ WNVTCRCUUC
2QTQWVTQNCFQGOFQUOWPKEÈRKQU
DTCUKNGKTQUJQWXGETGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQDTG

6GLCFCet al. %WTXC G /KETQTTGIKÐGUFQGUVCFQ 0C OCKQTKC FCU OKETQTTGIKÐGU JQWXG ETGUEK
 ETGUEKOGPVQ de Alagoas OGPVQGORQDTGEGFQT
RQDTG\C

5KNXGKTC %WTXC G 'UVCFQUGOKETQTTGIKºQ 0ºQ J¶ GXKFÄPEKCU FG ETGUEKOGPVQ RTÎRQDTG
0GVQ  ETGUEKOGPVQ FQPQTFGUVGDTCUKNGKTQ RCTC PGPJWO GUVCFQ 3WCPVQ ´U OKETQT
RQDTG\C TGIKÐGUCRGPCUFCUCRTGUGPVCTCOETGU
EKOGPVQRTÎRQDTG

 2tQGLFHGH6HQGHULYDGDGRtQGLFHGH*LQLPDVFRQVLGHUDRQ~PHURGHSREUHVHDOLQKDGHSREUH]DDRLQYpVGDSRSXODomRWRWDOH
3

da renda da população, respectivamente.

 #PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$# 4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1

 Autor(es) Método Período Nível de Análise Resultados
5CNXCVQ %WTXCFG G /GUQTTGIKÐGU %TGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQDTGRCTCQGUVCFQFG4QT
 KPEKFÄPEKCFQ OKETQTTGIKÐGUG CKOC WPKECOGPVG &CU  OGUQTTGIKÐGU WO
crescimento OWPKEÈRKQUDTCUKNGKTQU VQVCNFGCRTGUGPVCTCOETGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQ
DTG2CTCCUOKETQTTGIKÐGUHQTCOGPEQPVTCFCU
GXKFÄPEKCUFGETGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQDTGFGWO
VQVCNFG2QTſOCPÈXGNOWPKEKRCNEGTEC
FG  FQU TGUWNVCFQU UWIGTG ETGUEKOGPVQ
RTÎRQDTG
)WKFQNKPG %WTXC C ´ C 'UVCFQUFC &CU  EWTXCU GUVKOCFCU  CRQPVCTCO RCTC
2QTVQ,ÕPKQT ETGUEKOGPVQ G D  TGIKºQEGPVTQQGUVG WOETGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQDTGPQUGUVCFQU&GWO
 RQDTG\C G G D OWPKEÈRKQUFCU VQVCNFGOWPKEÈRKQUGUVWFCFQUCRGPCUGO
OKETQTTGIKÐGUFGUVC ECUQUJQWXGETGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQDTG
OGUOCTGIKºQ
Resende et %WTXC G %CRKVCKUDTCUKNGKTCU 2TGRQPFGTCOGPVG TGUWNVCFQU FG ETGUEKOGPVQ
al.  ETGUEKOGPVQ PºQRTÎRQDTGGGORQDTGEGFQT
RQDTG\C
)QPÁCNXGU %WTXC G /WPKEÈRKQUPQTFGUVKPQU #RGPCURCTCOWPKEÈRKQUQETGUEKOGPVQHQK
G5KNXGKTC ETGUEKOGPVQ RTÎRQDTGGOQETGUEKOGPVQHQKPºQRTÎ
0GVQ  RQDTG\C RQDTGGGOECUQUHQKKPEQPENWUKXQCNÃO
FGEQOETGUEKOGPVQGORQDTGEGFQT

&KPK\et al %WTXC ´ 'UVCFQU#OC\ÏPKC 0Q RTKPEÈRKQ FC FÃECFC GO CP¶NKUG HQK XGTK
 ETGUEKOGPVQ NGICN #ETG#OC\QPCU ſECFQ WO RCFTºQ FG ETGUEKOGPVQ PºQ RTÎ
RQDTG\C #OCR¶/CTCPJºQ RQDTG2CTCQRGTÈQFQCRÎUQ2NCPQ4GCNQD
/CVQ)TQUUQ2CT¶ UGTXCUGWOEQORQTVCOGPVQRTÎRQDTG'PVTG
4QPFÏPKC4QTCKOCG GQUTGUWNVCFQUHQTCOKP
6QECPVKPU EQPENWUKXQUUGPFQRTÎRQDTGGPVTG

Resende %WTXC G /WPKEÈRKQUOKPGKTQU *QWXG ETGUEKOGPVQ RTÎRQDTG RCTC  OW
 ETGUEKOGPVQ PKEÈRKQUUGPFQPºQRTÎRQDTGRCTCQWVTQU
RQDTG\C OWPKEÈRKQU G GO  FGNGU Q ETGUEKOGPVQ HQK
GORQDTGEGFQT 0QU FGOCKU  OWPKEÈRKQU
QUTGUWNVCFQUHQTCOKPEQPENWUKXQU
)QPÁCNXGUGV %WTXC ´ %14'&'5FQ4KQ +PEKFÄPEKC FG ETGUEKOGPVQ RTÎRQDTG GO 
CN  ETGUEKOGPVQ )TCPFGFQ5WN %14'&'5TGUWNVCFQUHQTCOKPEQPENWUKXQU
RQDTG\C GGOFQKUJQWXGETGUEKOGPVQGORQDTGEGFQT

6QEJGVVQGV %WTXC Décadas de Unidades federativas do &CU  EWTXCU GUVKOCFCUQ ETGUEKOGPVQ HQK
CN  ETGUEKOGPVQ G $TCUKN CRGPCU RTÎRQDTGGOECUQUUGPFQTGUWNVCFQU
RQDTG\C FGETGUEKOGPVQPºQRTÎRQDTGETGUEKOGPVQ
GORQDTGEGFQTGFGTGUWNVCFQUPºQEQPENW
UKXQU
2KPVQG&G %WTXCFG ´ Unidades federativas do &GPVTG CU EWTXCU GUVKOCFCU RCTC QU GUVCFQU
1NKXGKTC KPEKFÄPEKCFQ $TCUKN DTCUKNGKTQU  CRQPVCO RCTC Q ETGUEKOGPVQ
 crescimento RTÎRQDTGGRCTCETGUEKOGPVQGORQDTGEGFQT
6CSWGUG %WTXC ´ Unidades federativas do %GTEC FG  FQU TGUWNVCFQU KPFKECO ETGUEK
4QEJC  ETGUEKOGPVQ $TCUKN OGPVQRTÎRQDTG
RQDTG\C

Quadro 2 – Evidências empíricas de crescimento pró-pobre para o Brasil

Fonte: Elaboração própria dos autores

4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1 #PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$# 113


Em relação à
educação e a renda
alguns resultados são
divergentes. A seguir
será apresentada
uma revisão literária
sobre as evidências
empíricas produzidas
por estes trabalhos,
às metodologias
utilizadas e resultados
obtidos por cada
autor.
7OCUÃTKGFGCWVQTGUVTCDCNJCTCO
QEQPEGKVQFGETGUEKOGPVQRTÎRQDTG
RCTCPÈXGKUFGCITGICÁºQGOGVQFQ
NQIKCU FKHGTGPVGU RCTC Q $TCUKN 'O
OWKVQU ECUQU HQTCO KFGPVKHKECFQU
TGUWNVCFQUCODÈIWQUQSWGUKPCNK\C
SWG C OGVQFQNQIKC CRNKECFC RCTC Q
OGUOQPÈXGNFGCP¶NKUGQWQKPFKEC
FQT FG RQDTG\C RQUUCO KPƀWGPEKCT
FKTGVCOGPVGPQUTGUWNVCFQUQDVKFQU
5GP  NGXCCFKCPVGCFKUEWU
UºQ FQU TGUWNVCFQU FQU VTCDCNJQU
UQDTG RQDTG\C TGNCEKQPCFQU ´U XC
TK¶XGKU OQPGV¶TKCU 2CTC Q CWVQT C
WVKNK\CÁºQ FC XCTK¶XGN TGPFC à CO
RNCOGPVG WVKNK\CFC RTKPEKRCNOGPVG
RGNCOCKQTFKURQPKDKNKFCFGFGFCFQU
GOEQORCTCÁºQCQWVTQUKPFKECFQTGU
SWGRQTXGPVWTCRQFGTKCOGZRNKECT
C RQDTG\C 6QFCXKC NGXCPVC SWG C
NKVGTCVWTCUWIGTGCWVKNK\CÁºQFGQW
VTQUKPFKECFQTGUSWGPºQOQPGV¶TKQU
RCTCOGPUWTCTCRQDTG\CGKPENWUKXG
C KPEQTRQTCÁºQ FG WO EQORQPGPVG
TGNCEKQPCFQ´FKUVTKDWKÁºQFGTGPFC
FCRQRWNCÁºQ
2CTVKPFQ RCTC QWVTC XGTVGPVG
5CNCOCG&GUVTGOCW  UGCRTQ
ZKOCO GO RCTVG FQ CTIWOGPVQ FG
6QFCTQG5OKVJ  CQCſTOCTGO
SWG Q KPFKECFQT FG RQDTG\C FGXG
EQPVGORNCT CU UCVKUHCÁÐGU D¶UKECU
 #PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$#
FQU KPFKXÈFWQU QW UGLC Q CEGUUQ C
DGPU G UGTXKÁQU PGEGUU¶TKQU C WO
KPFKXÈFWQ #UUKO PGUUG SWCFTQ
OGVQFQNÎIKEQFGXGOGUVCTEQPVKFCU
medidas relacionadas ao acesso de
¶IWC RQV¶XGN KPHTCGUVTWVWTC TGFG
FGGUIQVQGFWECÁºQGUCÕFGFGPVTG
QWVTQUKPFKECFQTGU  KPFKXÈFWQU LQXGPU G RGUUQCU PGITCU
1WVTC RGTURGEVKXC FG GUVWFQ FC
RQDTG\CÃTGNCEKQPCFCCQVGORQ0GU
UG ECUQ Q VGORQ Ã EQPUKFGTCFQ VºQ
TGNGXCPVG SWCPVQ C TGPFC WOC XG\
SWG VCODÃO Ã WO TGEWTUQ GUECUUQ
#CNQECÁºQFQVGORQGOCVKXKFCFGU
TGNCEKQPCFCUCQNC\GTQWQWVTCUCVKXK
FCFGUCſPURQFGOCHGVCTFKTGVCOGP
VG Q DGOGUVCT FQ KPFKXÈFWQ 'UUGU
CTIWOGPVQU UGTºQ CRTGUGPVCFQU PC
RTÎZKOCUGÁºQ
4. Pobreza: em uma perspecti-
va da privação de tempo
2QFGUGFGſPKTRQDTG\CFGVGORQ
EQOQUGPFQCECTÄPEKCQWKPUWſEKÄP
cia de tempo destinado a atividades
EQOQ FGUECPUQ NC\GT GFWECÁºQ
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CWVQTGU SWG L¶ TGCNK\CTCO RGUSWKUC
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QWGOQWVTQUVTCDCNJQU UGPFQGUVGU
TGOWPGTCFQU RGNQ UGVQT HQTOCN QW
KPHQTOCN  QW OGUOQ GO CHC\GTGU
domésticos e tempo de ida e volta
FQ VTCDCNJQ WNVTCRCUUC WOC FGVGT
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'ODQTC C CDQTFCIGO UQDTG RQ
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ÃSWGQVGOCVGOUKFQGUVWFCFQ
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&QWVJKVV  &COK¶P  Har
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G9QFQP  .CYUQP  $WT
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  -K\KNKTOCM G /GOKU  
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4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1
EQPUVCVCTCOGOUWCURGUSWKUCUSWG
CU OWNJGTGU UQDTGVWFQ CU ECUCFCU
UºQOCKURTKXCFCUFGCVKXKFCFGUFG
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CNQECTGODQCRCTVGFGUGWVGORQGO
CHC\GTGUFQOÃUVKEQU#NÃOFCUOW
NJGTGUEQPUVCVQWUGVCODÃOSWGQU
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3.1 Evidências empíricas
'ODQTC Q RTKOGKTQ CWVQT C VGQ
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GO CVKXKFCFGU FQOÃUVKECU SWCPVQ
PCUCVKXKFCFGURTQFWVKXCU
1 QDLGVKXQ D¶UKEQ FC RGUSWKUC GTC
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TGPFC SWCPVQ VGORQ &GUVG OQFQ
CUHCOÈNKCUUGTKCOEQPUKFGTCUEQOQ
RQDTGU UG VKXGUUGO OGPQU FG WOC
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TGPFC OCU VCODÃO Q VGORQ EQOQ
WO TGEWTUQ CU VCZCU FG RQDTG\C
CWOGPVCO EQPUKFGTCXGNOGPVG 5Q
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EJGſCFCURQTOWNJGTGU
 #PQU FGRQKU VGPFQ EQOQ DCUG
FG FCFQU WO NGXCPVCOGPVQ FQ WUQ
do tempo dos norte americanos
RCTCQCPQFG&QWVJKVV  
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NK\CPFQ C OGUOC OGVQFQNQIKC FQ
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RTQRQTÁºQFGOºGURQDTGURGNCFGſ
PKÁºQVTCFKEKQPCNFGRQDTG\CSWGUºQ
casadas e empregadas no mercado
FGVTCDCNJQÃFGCQEQPUKFGTCT
VCODÃO Q TGEWTUQ VGORQ CNÃO FC
TGPFCGUUCRTQRQTÁºQCWOGPVCRCTC
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VTCFQU RQT &COK¶P   TGXGNCO
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SWGCUOWNJGTGUUºQOCKURTKXCFCU
FGCVKXKFCFGUGZVTCVTCDCNJQSWGQU
JQOGPU RTKPEKRCNOGPVG RQT FGFK
ECTGOOCKUVGORQGOVTCDCNJQPºQ
TGOWPGTCFQ EQOQ RQT GZGORNQ
CHC\GTGUFQOÃUVKEQU
1WVTQGUVWFQDCUGCFQGO8KEMGT[
 HQKTGCNK\CFQRCTCQ%CPCF¶
*CTXG[ e /WMJQRCFJ[C[  CQ
FGHGPFGTGOWOCTGFGſPKÁºQPQRC
FTºQFGRQDTG\CECPCFGPUGKPENWKPFQ
QWUQFQVGORQWVKNK\CTCOFCFQUFQ
CPQFGGWOCOGVQFQNQIKCDGO
UGOGNJCPVGCFCCWVQTCCEKOCEKVCFC
RCTC EQORTQXCT ´ GNGXCFC KPEKFÄP
EKC FG FÃſEKV FG VGORQ FG CFWNVQU
VTCDCNJCPFQ GO VGORQ KPVGITCN PQ
OGTECFQFGVTCDCNJQRCTCQWVTCUCVK
4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1
XKFCFGUEQOQRQTGZGORNQRCUUCT
OCKUVGORQEQOUGWUſNJQU
$CTFCUKG9QFQP  VCODÃO
RTQFW\KTCOWOGUVWFQFGRQDTG\C
OCUWUCPFQGZENWUKXCOGPVGCUJQTCU
CNQECFCUGOVTCDCNJQ1UCWVQTGUWVK
NK\CTCOWOCOGVQFQNQIKCCFCRVCFC
FQU ÈPFKEGU FG RQDTG\C FC HCOÈNKC
()6 (QUVGT )TGGT G 6JQTDGEMG 
RCTCKFGPVKſECTQURQDTGUFGVGORQ
GO)WKPÃ$KUUCW0GUUCRGUSWKUCHQ
TCOFGNKOKVCFCUFWCUNKPJCUTGNCVKXCU
FGRQDTG\CFGVGORQ7OCFGNKOKVG
OCKUDCKZQJQTCURQTUGOCPCG
QWVTCFGNKOKVGOCKUCNVQEQTTGURQP
FGPVGCJQTCUUGOCPCKUPQECUQFC
OGPUWTCÁºQRCTCCRQRWNCÁºQCFWNVC
# RGUSWKUC TGXGNQW SWG QU IWK
PGGPUGU SWG TGUKFGO GO ¶TGCU TW
TCKUUºQNGXGOGPVGOCKURQDTGUSWG
CSWGNGUFG¶TGCUWTDCPCU1UTGUWN
VCFQUOQUVTCOVCODÃOSWGCOCKQT
RTQRQTÁºQFGRQDTGUFGVGORQGUV¶
GPVTG KPFKXÈFWQU FQ UGZQ HGOKPKPQ
UGPFQCFGJQOGPUPCQTFGO
FG   FC RQRWNCÁºQ VQVCN
UºQRQDTGUFGVGORQ #RTQRQTÁºQ
FG ETKCPÁCU RQDTGU Ã DCUVCPVG GNG
XCFCUGPFQQRGTEGPVWCNFG
RQDTG\CFCUOGPKPCUOCKQTSWGFQU
OGPKPQUGTGURGEVKXC
OGPVG EQPUKFGTCPFQ WOC NKPJC FG
RQDTG\CFGNKOKVGKPHGTKQTFGJQTCU
FGVTCDCNJQUGOCPCN 
Ao regredir as variáveis através
do modelo probit$CTFCUKG9QFQP
  RGTEGDGTCO SWG KPFKXÈFWQU
SWGTGUKFGOEQORGUUQCURQTVCFQTCU
FG FGſEKÄPEKCU CWOGPVCO UWC RTQ
DCDKNKFCFG GO UGT RQDTG FG VGORQ
UQDTGVWFQ RCTC CU OWNJGTGU PGUUC
EQPFKÁºQ G SWG OQTCO GO ¶TGCU
TWTCKU1GUVWFQTGXGNCVCODÃOSWG
CGFWECÁºQFKOKPWKCRTQDCDKNKFCFG
FGWOCRGUUQCXKXGPEKCTCRQDTG\C
FGVGORQCNÃOFGTGXGNCTSWGOW
NJGTGUECUCFCUUºQOCKURTQX¶XGKUFG
GUVCTGO GO RQDTG\C FG VGORQ SWG
CSWGNCUSWGUºQUQNVGKTCU
.CYUQP  VCODÃOEQPVGORNQW
WO RCÈU FC HTKEC 5WDUCCTKPC RCTC
TGCNK\CTUWCRGUSWKUC#NÃOKFGPVKſ
ECTCRTQRQTÁºQFGRQDTGUFGVGORQ
FGUETKOKPCFQRQTUGZQGUVCFQEKXKN
KFCFGGPÈXGNFGGFWECÁºQQUGHGKVQU
#PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$#
marginais do modelo probit foram
WUCFQURCTCOGPUWTCTCRTQRGPUºQ
RQT GZGORNQ FQ PCVKXQ FG .GUQVQ
em experimentar esta modalidade
FG RQDTG\C 1 GUVWFQ FG .CYUQP
 CRQPVCFQKUTGUWNVCFQUFKUVKP
VQUFQUCEJCFQUFG$CTFCUKG9QFQP
 2TKOGKTQSWGQUJQOGPUUºQ
NKIGKTCOGPVGOCKURQDTGUFGVGORQ
SWG CU OWNJGTGU G UGIWPFQ SWG C
RQRWNCÁºQ FG .GUQVQ G FQU FGOCKU
RCÈUGUUWDUUCCTKCPQUEQOOCKUCPQU
FGGUVWFQUQHTGOWOCOCKQTRTKXC
ÁºQ FG VGORQ FQ SWG CSWGNCU EQO
OGPQTGUPÈXGKUFGGFWECÁºQ
'ORCTVG.CYUQP  TGUUCNVC
SWGCECWUCFCRQDTG\CFGVGORQFG
RCÈUGUFCTGIKºQCHTKECPCSWGPºQHC\
RCTVGFQ0QTVGFCHTKECÃCVTKDWÈFC´
HCNVCFGKPHTCGUVTWVWTCFGUUGURCÈUGU
#FGUGUVTWVWTCFCHTKEC5WDUCCTKCPC
KPFW\RQTGZGORNQCUWCRQRWNCÁºQ
RGTEQTTGTNQPIQUECOKPJQUGODWUEC
FG¶IWCGVTCPURQTVGRÕDNKEQ
$WTEJCTFV   GUV¶ GPVTG QU
RGUSWKUCFQTGUSWGDKFKOGPUKQPCTCO
QGUVWFQFCRQDTG\CWUCPFQFCFQU
PºQ UQOGPVG FC TGPFC QW FQ WUQ
FQVGORQOCUFCUFWCUFKOGPUÐGU
EQPLWPVCOGPVG 5WC RGUSWKUC SWG
HQKCRNKECFCRCTCQURCÈUGUFQ4GKPQ
7PKFQEQPVGORNQWEQOQNKPJCUFG
RQDTG\CFGVGORQCOGFKCPCFQVQVCN
FGJQTCUVTCDCNJCFCURQTWOKPFKXÈ
FWQCETGUEKFQFGGFQVQVCN
FGUUGXCNQT2CTCCFGNKOKVCÁºQFQU
RQDTGU FG TGPFC WVKNK\QWUG C NKPJC
FGRQDTG\CEQPXGPEKQPCN
#U GXKFÄPEKCU RTQFW\KFCU RQT
UWC RGUSWKUC OQUVTCO RCTC Q CPQ
FGDCKZQUPÈXGKUFGRQDTG\CFG
VGORQEQORCTCFQUEQOQUCEJCFQU
FG$CTFCUKG9QFQP  #QWVKNK
\CTWOCNKPJCFGRQDTG\CFGVGORQ
DCUVCPVGUGOGNJCPVG´FGUUGUCWVQTGU
EQPUVCVQWUGSWGFCRQRWNCÁºQ
DTKV¸PKECUºQRTKXCFCUFGCVKXKFCFGU
EQOQFGUECPUQGNC\GTCQRCUUQSWG
CRGPCU  FGUUC RQRWNCÁºQ CNÃO
FGVGTRTKXCÁºQFGVGORQCRTGUGPVCO
VCODÃOKPUWſEKÄPEKCFGTGPFC
#NÃO FKUUQ C RGUSWKUC FG $WT
EJCFV  CRQPVCCRTQDCDKNKFCFG
FG Q KPFKXÈFWQ XKT C UGT RQDTG #U
OWNJGTGU UºQ RTQRGPUCU GO  G

QU JQOGPU GO  GO TGNCÁºQ ´
TCÁC QU DTCPEQU CRTGUGPVCO WOC
RTQDCDKNKFCFG FG  CQ RCUUQ
SWGQUPGITQUL¶QUKOKITCPVGU
RCSWKUVCPGUGU G KPFKCPQU CRTGUGP
VCO WOC RTQRGPUºQ FG  G 
TGURGEVKXCOGPVGœEQPUVCVCFQVCO
DÃOSWGQULQXGPUGPVTGGCPQU
EQTTGO OCKU TKUEQ FG UGTGO RQDTGU
FGTGPFCGVGORQCNIQGOVQTPQFG
#RCTVKTFQUCPQUGUUGTKUEQ
ECKRCTC
%QO Q KPVWKVQ FG TGCNK\CT WO
GUVWFQ EQORCTCVKXQ -CNGPMQUMK G
QWVTQU  SWGFKTGEKQPCTCOUGW
VTCDCNJQRCTCCRQRWNCÁºQPQTVGCOG
TKECPCWVKNK\QWQUOGUOQUNKOKCTGU
FG RQDTG\C FG VGORQ FG $WTEJCFV
  QW UGLC   G  FQU
XCNQTGUFCOÃFKCFGJQTCUVTCDCNJC
FCUPCUGOCPC2QTÃOCQKPXÃUFG
WOVTCDCNJQGOPÈXGNKPFKXKFWCNQ
GUVWFQRTKXKNGIKQWGPVTGQUCPQUFG
GWOVQVCNFGWPK
FCFGUHCOKNKCTGU 5GW VTCDCNJQ EQP
UKFGTQWCRGPCUCFKOGPUºQVGORQ
-CNGPMQUMK G QWVTQU   EQPUVC
VCTCOSWGCOGFKFCSWGCWOGPVCQ
PÕOGTQFGETKCPÁCUPCHCOÈNKCOCKQT
à C RQDTG\C FG VGORQ FQU CFWNVQU
OGODTQU FGUUG CITGICFQ HCOKNKCT
1WVTCEQPUVCVCÁºQÃSWGOGODTQUFG
HCOÈNKCUSWGPºQUºQRQDTGUFGTGPFC
UºQOCKUUWUEGVÈXGKUCUGTGORQDTGU
FGVGORQGOTGUWNVCFQEQO
DCUGPQNKOKCTKPVGTOGFK¶TKQEQTTGU
RQPFGPVGCFQXCNQTFCOGFKCPC
1GUVWFQOQUVTCCKPFCSWGJ¶WOC
DCKZC RTQRQTÁºQ FG HCOÈNKCU PQTVG
COGTKECPCRQDTGFGTGPFCGVGORQ
PCQTFGOFG
-K\KNKTOCMG/GOKU  WVKNK
\CTCO FCFQU FC RTKOGKTC RGUSWKUC
UQDTGQWUQFQVGORQPCHTKECFQ
5WNRGUSWKUCGUVCTGCNK\CFCPQCPQFG
$CUKECOGPVGQGUVWFQVTCVCUG
FGWOCSWGUVºQFGIÄPGTQSWGVGXG
EQOQ QDLGVKXQ TGXGNCT QU GHGKVQU FQ
WUQFGUKIWCNFQVGORQGPVTGJQOGPU
GOWNJGTGUPCRQDTG\CFGTGPFC.
%QOQ WOC RCTVG EQPUKFGT¶XGN
FCUOWNJGTGUUWNCHTKECPCUCNÃOFG
VTCDCNJCTGOGOCVKXKFCFGUTGOWPG
TCFCU FGFKECO VCODÃO GZEGUUKXCU
JQTCUFGVTCDCNJQGOCVKXKFCFGUPºQ
116 #PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$#
RTQFWVKXCUEQOQRQTGZGORNQEQNG
VCFG¶IWCEQODWUVÈXGNGEWKFCFQU
EQOETKCPÁCUKFQUQUQWFQGPVGU -+
<+.+4/#-/'/+5 CGUECU
UG\FGVGORQFGUUCUOWNJGTGURCTC
CVKXKFCFGUEQOQGFWECÁºQſPFCGO
EQTTQDQTCTRCTCWOCOCKQTRQDTG\C
FGTGPFCFCUOGUOCU'OWORCÈU
SWGFGRGPFGPFQFCRTQXÈPEKCCRQ
DTG\CFGTGPFCEJGIQWCTGRTGUGPVCT
PQCPQFGFCRQRWNCÁºQ
C ITCPFG OCKQTKC FGUUGU RQDTGU Ã
UGIWTCOGPVGFQUGZQHGOKPKPQ
'UVKOCÁÐGUWVKNK\CPFQQOÃVQFQ
FG TGITGUUºQ Tobit OQUVTCO SWG CU
OWNJGTGU ECUCFCU UºQ OCKU UWUEG
VÈXGKU C RQDTG\C FG VGORQ SWG CU
UQNVGKTCU G CU OCKU GUEQNCTK\CFCU
FKOKPWGOUGWVGORQICUVQGOCVK
XKFCFGUPºQTGOWPGTCFCURQFGPFQ
CUUKOXKTCTGFW\KTUWCUGUECUUG\GUFG
VGORQGTGPFC
#QEQPVT¶TKQFCHTKECFQ5WNCU
FGUKIWCNFCFGUPQWUQFQVGORQGPVTG
JQOGPUGOWNJGTGUVGOUGTGFW\KFQ
EQPUKFGTCXGNOGPVGPC#WUVT¶NKCÃQ
SWG CRQPVC Q VTCDCNJQ FG &QYUNG[
  7VKNK\CPFQ FCFQU FQU CPQU
FGGFQő#WUVTCNKCP
$WTGCWQH5VCVKUVKEUΠ#$5 QGUVWFQ
OQUVTQW SWG PQU ÕNVKOQU  CPQU
JQWXG WOC OCKQT RCTVKEKRCÁºQ FCU
OWNJGTGUPQVTCDCNJQTGOWPGTCFQG
WOOCKQTGPXQNXKOGPVQFQUJQOGPU
GOCVKXKFCFGUFQOÃUVKECU  ÃSWGQURCSWKUVCPGUGUSWGICPJCO
#RGUCTFGUVCVGPFÄPEKCFGSWGFCPCU
FGUKIWCNFCFGUFQWUQFQVGORQ&Q
YUNG[  OQUVTCSWGQUJQOGPU
CKPFCFKURÐGOFGWOOCKQTVGORQ
RCTCQNC\GTQWFGUECPUQJQTCUG
OKPWVQUFK¶TKQUCQRCUUQSWGCU
OWNJGTGU FGUVKPCO CRGPCU  JQTCU
GOKPWVQURCTCGUUCUCVKXKFCFGU
1WVTCGXKFÄPEKCÃSWGCUJQTCUVQVCKU
VTCDCNJCFCUFGRGUUQCUFGCODQUQU
UGZQU CWOGPVCTCO EGTEC FG FWCU
JQTCU RQT UGOCPC FGUFG  'O
CUJQTCUOÃFKCUUGOCPCKUICU
VCURGNQUCWUVTCNKCPQUPQUVTCDCNJQU
TGOWPGTCFQUQWPºQHQKFGJQTCU
GOKPWVQU 
4GEGPVGOGPVG WO GUVWFQ UQDTG
RQDTG\C FG VGORQ HQK TGCNK\CFQ
VCODÃO PQ 2CSWKUVºQ 5CSKD G #TKH
  CETGFKVCPFQ SWG Q VGORQ Ã
4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1
WO KORQTVCPVG TGEWTUQ G SWG UWC
GUECUUG\RQFGXCTKCTGPVTGUGZQTG
IKÐGU ITWRQU RTQſUUKQPCKU G PÈXGKU
FGTGPFCRTQFW\KTCOWOCRGUSWKUC
UQDTGQVGOCCDQTFCPFQVQFCUGUUCU
ECTCEVGTÈUVKECU1UFCFQUUºQFQCPQ
FGGHQTCOTGVKTCFQUFC2GUSWKUC
FQ7UQFQ6GORQ 675 RCVTQEKPCFC
RGNQIQXGTPQFQRCSWKUVCPÄU#RGU
SWKUCGPXQNXGWGPVTGXKUVCFQU
CRCTVKTFGCPQUFGKFCFG
5CSKDG#TKH  OQUVTCOSWGC
RTQRQTÁºQIGTCNFGRQDTGURCSWKUVC
PGUGUÃFG5GPFQCRTQRQTÁºQ
GO¶TGCUTWTCKUFGPºQUGFK
HGTKPFQOWKVQFCSWGNGUSWGOQTCO
GO ¶TGCU WTDCPCU  3WCPFQ
UGFKUETKOKPCCRQRWNCÁºQTWTCNRQT
IÄPGTQ RGTEGDGOUG ITCPFGU FKU
RCTKFCFGU 7O VQVCN FG  FCU
OWNJGTGUUºQRQDTGUGCRGPCU
FQUJQOGPUGZRGTKOGPVCOGUVGVKRQ
FG RQDTG\C PQ ECORQ *¶ VCODÃO
CEGPVWCFCUFGUKIWCNFCFGUFGIÄPGTQ
GO FGVGTOKPCFCU RTQſUUÐGU 
FCUOWNJGTGUQRGTCFQTCUFGO¶SWK
PCUGFCSWGNCUSWGUGFGFKECO
C CVKXKFCFGU CITÈEQNCU CRTGUGPVCO
RTKXCÁºQFGVGORQRCTCQUJQOGPU
GUUCU RTQRQTÁÐGU PºQ WNVTCRCUUCO
GTGURGEVKXCOGPVG
7O HCVQ EWTKQUQ G SWG FKXGTIG
EQO CU EQPUVCVCÁÐGU FG -CNGPMQUMK
et al   RCTC QU 'UVCFQU 7PKFQU
OGPQU UºQ VCODÃO QU OCKU RQDTGU
FG VGORQ %QPVWFQ QU TGUWNVCFQU
dos efeitos marginais do modelo
FGTGITGUUºQEQPXGTIGOEQOQUFG
$CTFCUK G 9QFQP   G -K\KNKT
OCMG/GOKU  CQOQUVTCTSWG
CSWGNGUKPFKXÈFWQUEQODCKZQPÈXGN
FG GFWECÁºQ DGO EQOQ QU ECUCFQU
UºQOCKURQDTGUFGVGORQ
&KCPVGFCUGXKFÄPEKCUCRTGUGPVC
FCURGTEGDGUGSWGFGPVTGQURCÈUGU
RGUSWKUCFQU CSWGNG SWG CRTGUGPVC
OCKQTRTQRQTÁºQFGRQDTGUFGVGORQ
ÃQ2CSWKUVºQUGIWKFQFG)WKPÃ$KU
UCW1UOGPQURQDTGUÃUGIWTCOGPVG
QURCÈUGUFQ4GKPQ7PKFQ1SWCFTQ
CUGIWKTUKPVGVK\CQURTKPEKRCKUTGUWN
VCFQUFCURGUSWKUCUCRTGUGPVCFCUC
OGVQFQNQIKCWVKNK\CFCGCTGIKºQGQ
RGTÈQFQFGGUVWFQ
Quadro 3. Resumo das evidências empíricas sobre pobreza de tempo.
#WVQT GU /ÃVQFQ 2GTÈQFQ 0ÈXGNFGCP¶NKUG 2TKPEKRCKUTGUWNVCFQU
8KEMGT[  %WTXCUFG  Estados Unidos #QEQPUKFGTCTQVGORQEQOQWOTGEWTUQ
KUQSWCPVC CUVCZCUFGRQDTG\CCWOGPVCOEQPUKFGT
CXGNOGPVG

&QWVJKVV  %WTXCUFG  Estados Unidos #QEQPUKFGTCTQVGORQEQOQWOTGEWTUQ

KUQSWCPVC CU VCZCU FG RQDTG\C CWOGPVCO EQPUKF
GTCXGNOGPVG UQDTGVWFQ RCTC OWNJGTGU
ECUCFCU
&COK¶P  PFKEGFGGZEGUUQ  /ÃZKEQ #UOWNJGTGUUºQOCKURTKXCFCUFGCVKXK
de tempo de FCFGUFGNC\GTRTKPEKRCNOGPVGRQTFGFK
VTCDCNJQ ECTGOOCKUVGORQGOCHC\GTGUFQOÃUVK
EQU
*CTXG[ e /GVQFQNQIKC  %CPCF¶ 'NGXCFQ FÃſEKV FG VGORQ FG CFWNVQU
/WMJQRCFJ[C[ UKOKNCTC%WTXC VTCDCNJCPFQ GO VGORQ KPVGITCN KORGFG
 FG+UQSWCPVC RCKUFGRCUUCTGOVGORQUWſEKGPVGEQO
UGWUſNJQU
$CTFCUKG9QFQP ()6 CFCRVCFQ G  )WKPÃ$KUUCW /CKUGFWECFQUUºQOGPQURQDTGUOWN
 Probit JGTGUECUCFCUUºQOCKURQDTGU
.CYUQP  Probit  HTKEC5WDUCCTKCPC *QOGPU G KPFKXÈFWQU EQO OCKQT PÈXGN
FGGFWECÁºQUºQOCKURQDTGU
$WTEJCTFV  Probit  Reino Unido /WNJGTGU PGITQU KOKITCPVGU G LQXGPU
UºQOCKURQDTGU

-CNGPMQUMKet al PFKEGUFG  Estados Unidos (COÈNKCU SWG PºQ UºQ RQDTGU FG TGPFC
 RQDTG\CGLogit  UºQOCKUUWUEGVÈXGKUCUGTGORQDTGU
-K\KNKTOCMG Tobit  HTKECFQ5WN /WNJGTGUECUCFCUGOGPQUGFWECFCUUºQ
/GOKU  OWNVKXCTKCFQ OCKURQDTGU
&QYUNG[  PFKEGUFG  #WUVT¶NKC &KOKPWKÁºQPQVGORQFGFKECFQCQNC\GT
RQDTG\C  PQUÕNVKOQUCPQU
5CSKDG#TKH  ()6 CFCRVCFQ  2CSWKUVºQ +PFKXÈFWQUOCKURQDTGUFGTGPFCOGPQU
GFWECFQUGECUCFQUUºQOCKURQDTGUFG
VGORQ

Fonte: Elaboração própria dos autores.

3.2 Considerações e recomenda- FGUGORGPJCTWOKORQTVCPVGRCRGN

A saber, a ções políticas
regulamentação de %QO DCUG PCU GXKFÄPEKCU GORÈ
uma nova jornada de TKECU CRTGUGPVCFCU Ã QRQTVWPQ EKVCT
CNIWOCU EQPUKFGTCÁÐGU G TGEQOGP
trabalho capaz de FCÁÐGU RQNÈVKECU FG CNIWPU CWVQTGU
impedir a C ſO FG OGNJQTCT Q DGO GUVCT FQU
KPFKXÈFWQUCVTCXÃUFQTGEWTUQVGORQ
prática de horas 0C EQPEGRÁºQ FG $WTEJCTFV
extras excessivas   EQOQ Ã RTQX¶XGN SWG SWCUG
VQFCUCUOGFKFCURQNÈVKECUGGEQPÏ
em algumas OKECUSWGQIQXGTPQTGCNK\CVGPJCO
profissões... WOKORCEVQPQVGORQQWPCTGPFC
FQU KPFKXÈFWQU Q IQXGTPQ RQFG
RCTCCTGFWÁºQFCRQDTG\CFGVGORQ
CVTCXÃURTKPEKRCNOGPVGFGFWCUOG
FKFCU#UCDGTCTGIWNCOGPVCÁºQFG
WOCPQXCLQTPCFCFGVTCDCNJQECRC\
FGKORGFKTCRT¶VKECFGJQTCUGZVTCU
GZEGUUKXCU GO CNIWOCU RTQHKUUÐGU
QWOGUOQETKCTWOVGVQQDTKICVÎTKQ
FG JQTCU VTCDCNJCFCU UGO SWG KUUQ
KPEQTTCPWOCWOGPVQFCRQDTG\CFG
TGPFC  G Q KPXGUVKOGPVQ GO ECRKVCN
JWOCPQ GFWECÁºQGUCÕFG 
%QPHQTOGUGRÏFGEQPUVCVCTPQU
TGUWNVCFQUFG$CTFCUKG9QFQP  
G-CNGPMQUMKGQWVTQU  CGFW

4&'4'8+56#&'&'5'081.8+/'061'%10§/+%1 #PQ:+80,WPJQFG5CNXCFQT$# 

ECÁºQFKOKPWKCEJCPEGFQKPFKXÈFWQ
UGTRQDTGFGVGORQEQPVWFQOWKVCU
XG\GU QU KPFKXÈFWQU GUVºQ RTGUQU
PWOCUKVWCÁºQSWG$WTEJCTFV  
FGPQOKPCFGőCTOCFKNJCFCRQDTG\C
FG VGORQΠ0GUVG ECUQ Q VTCDCNJQ
GZEGUUKXQUGLCGOCVKXKFCFGURTQFW
VKXCUQWPºQQUKORGFGOFGKPXGUVKT
PQ UGW ECRKVCN JWOCPQ UQDTGVWFQ
GOGFWECÁºQGQPºQKPXGUVKOGPVQ
GO GFWECÁºQ RQT UWC XG\ TGUWNVC
CKPFC OCKU GO VGORQ TWKO RCTC
GUVCURGUUQCU#ETKCÁºQFGWOVGVQ
QDTKICVÎTKQFGJQTCUVTCDCNJCFCUGQ
KPXGUVKOGPVQGKPEGPVKXQCGFWECÁºQ
por parte do governo poderia contri
DWKTRCTCTQORGTVCNVGPFÄPEKC
2CTC &QYUNG[   Q VGORQ
UG EQPſIWTC EQOQ WO KORQTVCPVG
KPFKECFQTPºQUQOGPVGFGDGOGUVCT
EQOQ VCODÃO FG IÄPGTQ #U RGU
SWKUCU SWG CRQPVCO UQDTGVWFQ FK
HGTGPÁCUFGIÄPGTQPQWUQFQVGORQ
EQOQQUVTCDCNJQUFG&COK¶P  
-K\KNKTOCMG/GOKU  G5CSKDG
#TKH  UºQTGUWNVCPVGUFGRCÈUGU
em desenvolvimento onde a tradi
ÁºQ EWNVWTCN CKPFC à OWKVQ HQTVG PQ
UGPVKFQ FG CVTKDWKT GZENWUKXCOGPVG
´UOWNJGTGUCFGFKECÁºQGOVTCDCNJQ
PºQ RTQFWVKXQ CNIQ SWG EQNCDQTC
RCTC WO CWOGPVQ PC RQDTG\C FG
VGORQFGUUCUOWNJGTGUGſPFCRCTC
CUOGUOCUWOCOCKQTRGTFCGOUGWU
PÈXGKU FG DGOGUVCT DGO EQOQ CU
KPFW\CWOCRQDTG\CFGTGPFC
Nesse sentido vale ressaltar mais
WOCXG\SWGCGFWECÁºQÃWOHCVQT
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Este artigo
procurou fazer
uma breve revisão
teórica e empírica
sobre as pobrezas
no âmbito da
renda e do tempo.
A relevância em
revisitar os trabalhos
já realizados sobre
os temas, sobretudo
a pobreza tendo
como base o uso do
tempo, está...
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