46

.GUHQTÄVUNCRQNNWVKQPCVOQURJÃTKSWGGVNCSWCNKVÃ
FGNŏGCWNGWTKPƀWGPEGUWTNCUCPVÃFCPUNGUEQWTU
UWRÃTKGWTUFWnVTKCPINGPQKT€Fŏ'WTQRGEGPVTCNG
,-ĥGìGMGV<*QĥKEM¶
Les forêts et les pratiques sylvicoles dans les bassins versants d’altitude peuvent atténuer
les effets des pluies acides sur la qualité de l’eau – essentielle à la santé humaine.

L
Monts Jizera ŏGCW GUV GUUGPVKGNNG ´ NC UCPVÃ
gn e GV CW FÃXGNQRRGOGPV JWOCKPU
ma Polo
Alle gne .ŏCEEÂU´NŏGCWRTQRTGGUVWPFTQKV
Prague JWOCKPHQPFCOGPVCNGVWPGEQORQUCPVG
République tchèque
FGVQWVGRQNKVKSWGGHHKECEGFGRTQVGEVKQP
FG NC UCPVÃ .C IGUVKQP FGU TGUUQWTEGU
ie J[FTKSWGU HCKV RCTVKG KPVÃITCPVG FG NC
qu
va
Autriche Sl
o IGUVKQP FG NC SWCNKVÃ FG NŏGCW .C RTÃ-
XGPVKQPFGNCEQPVCOKPCVKQPOKETQDKGPPG
1
GV EJKOKSWG FG NŏGCW FG UQWTEG GUV NG
Zone des RTGOKGTQDUVCENGSWGFQKXGPVUWTOQPVGT
monts Jizera NGU TGURQPUCDNGU FG NC UCPVÃ RWDNKSWG
RQWTÃXKVGTNCEQPVCOKPCVKQPFGNŏGCW.C
RNWKG
RQNNWVKQPFCPUNGDCUUKPXGTUCPVCHHGEVGTC
NCSWCNKVÃFGNŏGCWGPCXCN%ŏGUVRQWTSWQK
NŏKPHNWGPEGFGNŏWVKNKUCVKQPFGUVGTTGUUWT
EŏGUV´FKTGC[CPVWPR*.CRNWKG
NCSWCNKVÃFGNŏGCWFGXTCKVÄVTGEQPUKFÃTÃG
EQOOG ÃNÃOGPV FG NC IGUVKQP FGU TGU-
UQWTEGUJ[FTKSWGU
1/5 FCPUNGUQNGNNGRGWVFKUUQWFTGNGUPWVTK-
#NŏÃEJGNNGOQPFKCNGNGUEQWTUUWRÃ-
TKGWTUŌNGURGVKVUEQWTUFŏGCWEQPUVKVWCPV
NGUUQWTEGUFŏWPGTKXKÂTGGPCOQPVŌUQPV
HQTVGOGPVNKÃU´NCUÃEWTKVÃFGNŏGPXKTQP-
PGOGPVGVCWZRQUUKDKNKVÃUJWOCKPGUFG
XKXTGFCPUWPOKNKGWUCKP&CPUNGE[ENG
J[FTQNQIKSWGNŏGPXKTQPPGOGPVFWEQWTU
UWRÃTKGWTGUVNC\QPGFŏCNKOGPVCVKQP&GU
EJCPIGOGPVUFÃHCXQTCDNGUFCPUNGUU[UVÂ-
OGUFGUEQWTUUWRÃTKGWTURGWXGPVGZGTEGT
WPKORCEVUWTWPGXCUVG\QPGUWUEGRVKDNG
FGEQORTGPFTGFGUTÃIKQPUÃNQKIPÃGUGP
CXCN
-ĥGìGMGV*CKIJ UQNPWKVCWUUK´NCUCPVÃJWOCKPG
.G TÏNG FG RTQVGEVKQP FG NŏGCW LQWÃ
RCTNGUHQTÄVUQEEWRGWPGRNCEGEGPVTCNG
FCPUNC\QPGFWnVTKCPINGPQKT€NGNQPI
FGUHTQPVKÂTGUFGNC4ÃRWDNKSWGVEJÂSWG
FGNŏCPEKGPPG4ÃRWDNKSWGFÃOQETCVKSWG
Fŏ#NNGOCIPG GV FG NC 2QNQIPG
XQKT NC NGURTCVKSWGUU[NXKEQNGURGWXGPVNGUCVVÃ-
HKIWTG  %GVVG \QPG FQKV UQP PQO ´
NŏKPVGPUGRQNNWVKQPCVOQURJÃTKSWGECWUÃG
,QUGH-ĥGìGMGUVRTQHGUUGWTCFLQKPVCW
RCT NŏKPFWUVTKCNKUCVKQP TCRKFG SWK C GW
&ÃRCTVGOGPVFŏJ[FTQNQIKG7PKXGTUKVÃVGEJPKSWG
VEJÂSWG2TCIWG4ÃRWDNKSWGVEJÂSWG NKGWCRTÂUNCUGEQPFGIWGTTGOQPFKCNG
<W\CPC*QĥKEM¶GUVEJCTIÃGFGEQWTUCW &G PQODTGWZ RQNNWCPVU CVOQURJÃTK-
EQORTKUGPVTG
&ÃRCTVGOGPVFŏJ[FTQNQIKG7PKXGTUKVÃ%JCTNGU
SWGU
CPJ[FTKFG UWNHWTGWZ RCTVKEWNGU  GV  RQWT EGPV FGU RGWRNGOGPVU
2TCIWG4ÃRWDNKSWGVEJÂSWG
OQPQZ[FGFGECTDQPGQPVÃVÃEQPVTÏNÃU
RNWUTKIQWTGWUGOGPVCWEQWTUFGUFGWZ
FGTPKÂTGUFÃEGPPKGUGVNGWTKORCEVCÃVÃ
réduit (Grennfelt et al  6QWVG-
HQKUQPQDUGTXGGP'WTQRGWPEQPVTCUVG
HTCRRCPVGPVTGNGUPKXGCWZFGRQNNWVKQP
GPXKTQPPGOGPVCNG´NŏGUVGV´NŏQWGUV
.C RQNNWVKQP CVOQURJÃTKSWG FCPU NG
VTKCPING PQKT PQVCOOGPV NŏCPJ[FTKFG
UWNHWTGWZ GV NGU QZ[FGU FŏC\QVG PQP
UGWNGOGPVECWUGQWCIITCXGNGUOCNCFKGU
TGURKTCVQKTGUOCKURTQXQSWGFGURNWKGU
CEKFGUŌ´UCXQKTVQWVFÃRÏVJWOKFG
IKXTGPGKIGQWRTÃEKRKVCVKQPUQEEWNVGU
FGXGPWRNWUCEKFGSWGNCRNWKGPQTOCNG
CEKFGPWKVVCPV´NCHQTÄVSWŏCWZÃEQU[U-
VÂOGUCSWCVKSWGU.QTUSWŏGNNGUŏKPHKNVTG
OGPVUEQOOGNGOCIPÃUKWOGVNGECNEKWO
GVHCKTGRÃPÃVTGTNŏCNWOKPKWOFCPUNGUQN
.GU RGWRNGOGPVU HQTGUVKGTU FŏCNVKVWFG
UQPVNGURNWUOGPCEÃUGPTCKUQPFGNGWT
GZRQUKVKQPCWZPWCIGUGVCWDTQWKNNCTF
CEKFGU SWK EQPVKGPPGPV FGU SWCPVKVÃU
FŏCEKFG UWRÃTKGWTU ´ EGNNGU FG NC RNWKG
QWFGNCPGKIGGVNGUUKXGPVNGUPWVTKOGPVU
FGUHGWKNNGUGVFGUCKIWKNNGU.CRGTVGFG
PWVTKOGPVU HCEKNKVG NC FÃITCFCVKQP FGU
HQTÄVU RCT NGU OCNCFKGU NGU KPUGEVGU GV
NGHTQKF.CSWCNKVÃTÃFWKVGFGNŏGCWGVFW
.GRTÃUGPVCTVKENGHQPFÃUWTWPGTGEJGT-
EJG GPVTGRTKUG RCT NGU CWVGWTU FGRWKU
FCPUNGUOQPVU,K\GTCGP4ÃRWDNK-
SWGVEJÂSWGFÃETKVNGUGHHGVUFGUFÃRÏVU
CVOQURJÃTKSWGUCEKFGUGVNCHCÁQPFQPV
PWGT.ŏCEKFKHKECVKQPFCPUEGVVG\QPGSWK
CEQOOGPEÃCWFÃDWVFGUCPPÃGUGV
CVVGKPV UQP RQKPV EWNOKPCPV CW OKNKGW
FGUCPPÃGUCRTQXQSWÃWPKORQTVCPV
FÃRÃTKUUGOGPVVGTOKPCN

Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006

Unasylva224_french.indb 46 21/12/2006 14:10:59


1/5 
 OI FŏCNWOKPKWO RCT
-.ě(ý(.
FŏÃRKEÃCU WPG FKOKPWVKQP FW R* FGU
GCWZ FG UWTHCEG GV NC TÃFWEVKQP FG NC
HCWPGCSWCVKSWGFCPUNGUTKXKÂTGUGVNGU
TÃUGTXQKTU 6QWVGHQKU FGRWKU  QP
QDUGTXGWPGEGTVCKPGCOÃNKQTCVKQP
.GUEQWTUUWRÃTKGWTUFGUOQPVU,K\GTC
1/5
GP4ÃRWDNKSWGVEJÂSWGQPVWPEQWXGTV
HQTGUVKGTFGRQWTEGPV.CTQEJGUÃFK-
OGPVCKTG
ITCPKVGGVNGUUQNURQF\QNKSWGU NŏGCW7PGHCKDNGFWTGVÃ
LWUSWŏ´OIFG la santé humaine, mais ils ont aussi été
RGWRTQHQPFUFGNC\QPGUQPVGZVTÄOG-
OGPV XWNPÃTCDNGU ´ NŏCEKFKHKECVKQP .G
TWKUUGNNGOGPVFKTGEV
PQVCOOGPVNŏÃEQW- FCPUNC\QPG.ŏGCWFQWEGC[CPVGPXKTQP
NGOGPVTCRKFGUQWVGTTCKPGUVNCUQWTEG
J[FTKSWG FQOKPCPVG NGU OCUUGU FŏGCW
UQWVGTTCKPGUPGUGTGPEQPVTGPVSWGFCPU
NGUEQWEJGURGWRTQHQPFGU
EFFETS DE LA PLUIE ACIDE SUR
LA QUALITÉ DE L’EAU
-ĥGìGM
&CPU NGU TÃUGTXQKTU FGU OQPVU ,K\GTC
1/5ŌCWVTG- GV*QĥKEM¶
QPCQDUGTXÃFCPUNGUCPPÃGUWPR*
faible, une faible dureté et une teneur
ÃNGXÃGGPCNWOKPKWO
#WEWPG XCNGWT FKTGEVTKEG HQPFÃG UWT
NC UCPVÃ PŏC ÃVÃ RTQRQUÃG RQWT NG R*
FGNŏGCW%GRGPFCPVNGR*GUVNŏWPFGU
RCTCOÂVTGU QRÃTCVKQPPGNU FG NC SWCNKVÃ
Fagus sylvatica NŏÃRKEÃC
FGNŏGCWNGRNWUKORQTVCPV.GUFKTGEVKXGU
PCVKQPCNGURQWTNCSWCNKVÃFGNŏGCWRQVC-
DNGRTÃEQPKUGPVUQWXGPVWPR*QRVKOCN
UKVWÃGPVTGGV
1/5%ŏGUV 90
CKPUKSWGPQPUGWNGOGPVNŏCEKFKHKECVKQP
OCKUCWUUKWPGCNECNKUCVKQPÃNGXÃG
NKÃG 70
´WPGOKPÃTCNKUCVKQPGZVTÄOGKPHNWGP-
EGPVNCSWCNKVÃFGNŏGCWRQVCDNG7PR*
VTÂUHCKDNGQWVTÂUÃNGXÃRGWVÃICNGOGPV
GZGTEGT WP KORCEV UWT NGU XCECPEKGTU
RÃTKQFKSWGUCXGEFGUGHHGVUPWKUKDNGUUWT
NCRGCWGVNGU[GWZ
1/55CPU mensuelle moyenne
RQNNWVKQPGVFÂUNQTUUCPURNWKGCEKFG
NC RNWRCTV FGU NCEU GV FGU EQWTU FŏGCW
CWTCKGPV WP R* RTQEJG FG 
0QTFKE 1987 et 1997
Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006
Unasylva224_french.indb 47
47
Peuplements
semi-naturels de
hêtres sur le bord
septentrional des
monts Jizera
%QWPEKNQH/KPKUVGTU%GRGPFCPV
FCPUNGUOQPVU,K\GTCNCRNWKGCEKFGC
EQPUKFÃTCDNGOGPVCDCKUUÃNGR*FGUNCEU
GVFGUEQWTUFŏGCWFWTCPVNGUCPPÃGU
NGRQTVCPV´QWGPXKTQP
.C FWTGVÃ HCKV TÃHÃTGPEG CWZ EQPEGP-
VTCVKQPUFGECNEKWOGVFCPUWPGOQKP-
FTGOGUWTGFGOCIPÃUKWOdissous dans
ECNEKWOGVFGOCIPÃUKWORCTNKVTGNKÃG
CWHCKDNGR*CÃICNGOGPVÃVÃQDUGTXÃG
TQRVÂTGNCVTWKVGCTEGPEKGNNŏCEJKICP´
OQKPUFGOIRCTNKVTGFGECNEKWOGV
OCIPÃUKWOCWPHCKDNGRQWXQKTVCORQP
GVRQWTTCKVÄVTGRNWUEQTTQUKXGRQWTNGU
EQPFWKVGU FŏGCW .GU ÃVWFGU ÃRKFÃOKQ-
NQIKSWGUQPVOKUGPÃXKFGPEGWPTCRRQTV
KPXGTUGUVCVKUVKSWGOGPVKORQTVCPVGPVTG
NCFWTGVÃFGNŏGCWRQVCDNGGVNGUOCNCFKGU
ECTFKQXCUEWNCKTGU
OGPVFKVWPGHCKDNGVGPGWTGPECNEKWOGV
OCIPÃUKWOFCPUNŏGCWRQVCDNGRTQFWKTCKV
FGUVCWZRNWUÃNGXÃUFGOCNCFKGUECTFKC-
SWGU 1P C FGU RTGWXGU SWG NŏGCW VTÂU
FQWEGRQWTTCKVCXQKTWPGHHGVFÃHCXQTCDNG
UWTNŏÃSWKNKDTGOKPÃTCNJWOCKP
.ŏCNWOKPKWONKDÃTÃFCPUNGUQNſPKVFCPU
3
SO 2 ( P g/m )
80
60
50
40
30
2 20
Concentration 10
les écosystèmes
0 existants)
d’anhydride
1 2
sulfureux dans le
réservoir de Jizerka,
NGUNCEUGVNGUTKXKÂTGU.CVGPGWTGPCNW-
OKPKWOFGUGCWZFGUWTHCEGFCPUNC\QPG
CW EQWTU FGU CPPÃGU  ÃVCKV EQORTKUG
GPVTGGVOIRCTNKVTG.CNKOKVGÃVC-
DNKGRQWTNŏCNWOKPKWOFCPUNŏGCWRQVCDNG
GUV FG  OI RCT NKVTG RQWT NGU ITCP-
FGUWUKPGUFGVTCKVGOGPVFGNŏGCWGVFG
 OI RQWT NGU RGVKVGU
$KGP SWG NŏCNWOKPKWO UQKV NCTIGOGPV
RTÃUGPVFCPUNGUCNKOGPVUNŏGCWRQVCDNG
GVFGPQODTGWZOÃFKECOGPVUCPVKCEKFGU
QPGUVKOGSWGUŏKNGUVKPIÃTÃQTCNGOGPV
GP EQPEGPVTCVKQPU GZEÃFCPV NGU NKOKVGU
J[IKÃPKSWGU
MKNQITCOOGFGXKCPFGFGRQKUUQPRCT
GZGORNG QW  OI FŏCNWOKPKWO RCT
NKVTGFŏGCWRQVCDNGKNGUVVQZKSWGRQWT
NŏJQOOG 5GNQP EGTVCKPGU J[RQVJÂUGU
NŏGZRQUKVKQP´NŏCNWOKPKWOGUVWPHCEVGWT
FGTKUSWGRQWTNŏCRRCTKVKQPQWNCRTQITGU-
UKQPCEEÃNÃTÃGFGNCOCNCFKGFŏ#N\JGKOGT
EJG\NGUJWOCKPU
0QP UGWNGOGPV NGU PKXGCWZ ÃNGXÃU
FŏCEKFKVÃGVFŏCNWOKPKWOEQORTQOGVVGPV
OQTVGNURQWTNCHCWPGCSWCVKSWGPQVCO-
OGPVRQWTNGRJ[VQRNCPEVQPNŏÃRJÃOÃ-
RGVKVGDQWEJGNGETCRCWFNCUCNCOCPFTG
VCEJGVÃGNŏÃETGXKUUGGVFŏCWVTGUETÃCVW-
TGUHCKUCPVRCTVKGFWTÃUGCWCNKOGPVCKTG
%GRTQDNÂOGUŏGUVTÃXÃNÃDKGPRNWUITCXG
NQTUFŏÃXÃPGOGPVUÃRKUQFKSWGUFŏCEKFK-
HKECVKQPFWU´FGHQTVGUCXGTUGUQWNQTU
FGNCHQPVGKPKVKCNGFGUPGKIGU
INFLUENCE DU TYPE DE
PEUPLEMENT SUR LES DÉPÔTS
ACIDES
.GU GURÂEGU CTDQTGUEGPVGU KPFKIÂPGU
dans les monts Jizera sont le hêtre
EQOOWP
1987
1997
Limite écologique
donnée dans les
directives nationales
tchèques sur la
pollution
atmosphérique
(valeur critique pour
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Mois
21/12/2006 14:11:07
 48

3 &ŏCRTÂU FGU QDUGTXCVKQPU FG VGTTCKP

pH Amélioration
WPGÃTQUKQPGPPCRRGUPÃINKIGCDNGUŏGUV
7 progressive
du pH annuel RTQFWKVG VCPV FCPU NGU RCTEGNNGU HQTGU-
Limite inférieure
moyen dans trois VKÂTGU
RGWRNGOGPVU CFWNVGU FŏÃRKEÃCU
réservoirs des
6 pour l’eau potable SWGFCPUEGNNGUUQWOKUGU´NCEQWRGTCUG
monts Jizera
donnée dans les
JGTDGU GPXCJKUUCPVGU %GRGPFCPV NC
directives (Bedrichov, Sous
5 nationales et Josefuv Dul) RGTVG KORQTVCPVG FG UQN C ÃVÃ NKÃG ´ NC
tchèques sur NQPIWGWT FGU TKIQNGU FG NŏÃTQUKQP RTQ-
l’eau potable
4 FWKVGURCTNŏGZRNQKVCVKQPHQTGUVKÂTG1P
RGWVGORÄEJGTNŏÃTQUKQPFWUQNNCUÃFK-
3
OGPVCVKQPGVNCEQPVCOKPCVKQPFGUGCWZ
FGUWTHCEGRCTNŏGZRNQKVCVKQPGPCFQRVCPV
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
FGURTCVKSWGUFGTÃEQNVGTGURGEVWGWUGUFG
NŏGPXKTQPPGOGPVEQOOGNGFÃDWUSWCIG
(Picea abiesGVNGUCRKPCTIGPVÃEQO- TÃXÃNÃGFGWZHQKURNWUFWTG
EŏGUV´FKTG RCTNGEJGXCNQWNGE¸DNGGVGPRTÃUGTXCPV
mun (Abies alba %GRGPFCPV CRTÂU SWGUCVGPGWTGPECNEKWOGVOCIPÃUKWO NGUDCPFGUVCORQPTKXGTCKPGU
NŏKPVTQFWEVKQP FG NC EQWRG TCUG FCPU ÃVCKVFGWZHQKUUWRÃTKGWTGSWGFCPUNGU
NGUJCWVURNCVGCWZCW:8++eUKÂENG
FWG RNCPVCVKQPUFŏÃRKEÃCU SIGNES DE REPRISE
CWFÃXGNQRRGOGPVFGNCHCDTKECVKQPFG .ŏCRRWKEQOOGTEKCNFQPPôNCEQPXGT- &CPUNGDCUUKPXGTUCPVFG,K\GTMCQPC
XGTTG NGU HQTÄVU UG UQPV COGPWKUÃGU UKQPFGURGWRNGOGPVUKPFKIÂPGUOKZVGU QDUGTXÃWPGCOÃNKQTCVKQPTÃEGPVGFGNC
UÃTKGWUGOGPV CWZ :8+++ e GV :+:e UKÂ- GP RNCPVCVKQPU FŏÃRKEÃCU CW EQWTU FGU SWCNKVÃFGNŏGCWPQVCOOGPVWPGCWIOGP-
ENGU2GPFCPVNCUGEQPFGOQKVKÃFW:+:e FGWZUKÂENGUÃEQWNÃUCFQPEEQPVTKDWÃ VCVKQPFGUXCNGWTUCPPWGNNGUOQ[GPPGU
UKÂENGQPCRNCPVÃNŏÃRKEÃCRQWTFGUTCK- ´NCFÃITCFCVKQPFGNCUCPVÃFGUHQTÄVU FW R* SWK UQPV RCUUÃGU ´ 
XQKT NC
UQPUEQOOGTEKCNGUGVCW::eUKÂENGNGU GVFGNCSWCNKVÃFGNŏGCW HKIWTGGVWPGDCKUUGFGUEQPEGPVTC-
RNCPVCVKQPUFGEGVVGGURÂEGQEEWRCKGPV VKQPU FŏCNWOKPKWO ´  OI RCT
RQWTEGPVFGUHQTÄVUFGUOQPVU,K\GTC&GU INFLUENCE DES PRATIQUES NKVTG .ŏCOÃNKQTCVKQP UGTCKV FWG FCPU
RTCVKSWGUFGRÃRKPKÂTGQPVÃVÃÃVCDNKGU´ D’EXPLOITATION WPGNCTIGOGUWTG´NCFKOKPWVKQPFGNC
NŏCKFGFGUGOGPEGUKORQTVÃGUFGTÃIKQPU 'PVTGGVNŏGZRNQKVCVKQPHQTGU- RQNNWVKQPCVOQURJÃTKSWGRCTNŏCPJ[FTKFG
Fŏ'WTQRGCWENKOCVFKHHÃTGPVUKDKGPSWG VKÂTG´,K\GTMC
EQWRGTCUGFGRGWRNGOGPVU UWNHWTGWZ
´NCUWKVGFW2TQVQEQNGUWTNG
NGURNCPVCVKQPURWTGUFŏÃRKEÃCUPŏCXCKGPV CFWNVGUFŏÃRKEÃCUGVFÃDWUSWCIGFWDQKU UQWHTGFGURC[UGWTQRÃGPUGVQDUGTXÃG
SWŏWPGUVCDKNKVÃÃEQNQIKSWGOÃFKQETG RCTFGUVTCEVGWTU´TQWGUCÃICNGOGPV UWTNGVGTTCKPFGRWKUCKPUKSWŏCW
&CPUWPRGWRNGOGPVHQTGUVKGTNGFÃRÏV EQPVTKDWôNŏÃTQUKQPGVCWEQORCEVCIGFW EJCWNCIGCPPWGNFGEGTVCKPUTÃUGTXQKTU
CVOQURJÃTKSWGFGUQWHTGCWIOGPVGCXGE UQNCKPUKSWŏ´NCEQPVCOKPCVKQPFGNŏGCW CRTÂUNCHQPVGFGUPGKIGURQWTCOÃNKQTGT
NCFGPUKVÃFWEQWXGTV
UWTHCEGHQNKCKTG RCTFGUCEKFGUJWOKSWGURTQXGPCPVFW NG VTCKVGOGPV FG NŏGCW RQVCDNG %GRGP-
NCJCWVGWTGVNCTWIQUKVÃ
VWTDWNGPEGFG FTCKPCIGFGUQNUVQWTDGWZ#NŏÃEJGNNGFW FCPVGNNGRGWVCWUUKÄVTGCVVTKDWÃG´NC
NC OCUUG FŏCKT CWFGUUWU FW EQWXGTV DCUUKPXGTUCPVNŏÃTQUKQPCPPWGNNGFWUQN TÃFWEVKQPKORQTVCPVGFGNŏKPFKEGHQNKCKTG
#KPUKNGUGHHGVUFGNŏCEKFKHKECVKQPUGUQPV SWKCVVGKIPCKVOOGPVTGGV
VQODÃ FG  ´  FWG ´ NC EQWRG
CXÃTÃURNWUITCXGUFCPUNGURGWRNGOGPVU UŏGUVKPVGPUKHKÃGRQWTVQWEJGTOO TCUG FGU RGWRNGOGPVU FŏÃRKEÃCU GPVTG
FŏÃRKEÃCU GPVTGGV.GTWKUUGNNGOGPVFGU GV
XQKTNCHKIWTGGV´NC
.GURGWRNGOGPVUFGJÄVTGUQPVWPEQWXGTV UÃFKOGPVUUŏGUVCEETWRCUUCPVFG´ DCKUUGFGUFÃRÏVUCVOQURJÃTKSWGUFCPU
KPHÃTKGWTPQVCOOGPVRGPFCPVNCRÃTKQFG RQWTEGPVFWXQNWOGFGUQNÃTQFÃ NGURGWRNGOGPVUFÃHTKEJÃU
FG FQTOCPEG NQTUSWG NC EQPEGPVTCVKQP
FŏCPJ[FTKFG UWNHWTGWZ FG NŏCVOQURJÂTG %
GUVNCRNWUÃNGXÃG
XQKTNCſIWTG μg /m
3
pH
'P QWVTG NGU RGWRNGOGPVU FG JÄVTGU 100
7
KPFKIÂPGUTÃUKUVGPVOKGWZ´NŏCEKFKſEC-
VKQP.CEJWVGCPPWGNNGFGNGWTUHGWKNNGU
6 75
NGWT RGTOGV FG UQWHHTKT OQKPU SWG NGU
4
EQPKHÂTGUSWKEQPUGTXGPVNGWTUCKIWKNNGU pH moyen de l’eau
5 50
FGPQODTGWUGUCPPÃGUGVCEEWOWNGPVFÂU des ruisseaux de
deux réservoirs,
NQTUFCXCPVCIGFGUWDUVCPEGUVQZKSWGU
,K\GTMC
KPƀWGPEÃ
.GUUQNUFGURGWRNGOGPVUFGJÄVTGUQPV 4 25
par la coupe rase des
WPOGKNNGWTRQWXQKTVCORQPXKU´XKUFG plantations d’épicéas)
et Oldrichov
NŏCEKFKHKECVKQPGPTCKUQPFGNCRTQHQPFGWT 3 0
(peuplements
FGNGWTUU[UVÂOGUTCFKEWNCKTGGVFGNGWT semi-naturels de 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
VGPGWTGPPWVTKOGPVURNWUÃNGXÃG%ŏGUV hêtres), en relation
pH à Jizerka
3
Pollution atmosphérique (μg /m SO2
(
avec la pollution
RQWTSWQK NŏGCW FGU TWKUUGCWZ ´ RTQZK-
atmosphérique par pH à Oldrichov Coupe rase à Jizerka (%)
OKVÃ FŏWP RGWRNGOGPV FG JÄVTGU UŏGUV l’anhydride sulfureux

Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006

Unasylva224_french.indb 48 21/12/2006 14:11:08


-.ě(ý(.
#XGENŏCOÃNKQTCVKQPFGEGTVCKPURCTC-
UWTHCEGHQNKCKTGGVTWIQ- Deposition, Göteborg, Sweden, 26–30
OÂVTGURJ[UKSWGUGVEJKOKSWGUTGNCVKHU
CWZGCWZFGUWTHCEGQPCRWTÃKPVTQFWKTG
NGRQKUUQPSWKCXCKVFKURCTWFGRWKUNGU
CPPÃGU  .ŏQODNG OQWEJGVÃ
Salve- FGNŏQODNGFCPUNGUTÃUGTXQKTUFŏCOQPV
linus fontinalisWPGGURÂEGVQNÃTCPVG´
NŏCEKFGGVNCVTWKVGDTWPG
Salmo trutta FCPUNGRQKUUQP
SWKFÃRCUUGNGUPQTOGU 5RTKPIGT
OQTRJC farioQPVÃVÃTÃKPVTQFWKVUFCPU
NGU TWKUUGCWZ FGU TÃUGTXQKTU FCPU NGU
CPPÃGU.GUQODNGUQPVUWTXÃEWGVUG
UQPVOWNVKRNKÃUCNQTUSWGNGUGZGORNCKTGU

de truite brune, manifestement affamés,
PGUGUQPVRCUTGRTQFWKVU%GRGPFCPVFW
HCKV SWG NŏQODNG UG PQWTTKV RTKPEKRCNG-
OGPV FŏÃRJÃOÃTQRVÂTGU GV FG VTKEJQR-
VÂTGUDGPVJKSWGU
HydropsycheURRGP FGURGWRNGOGPVU
RCTVKEWNKGTSWKEQPVKGPPGPVFGUXCNGWTU
GZVTÄOGOGPV ÃNGXÃGU FŏCNWOKPKWO FG
OGTEWTG FG ECFOKWO GV FG RNQOD NC
EQPEGPVTCVKQPFŏCNWOKPKWOGVFGOÃVCWZ
VTQKUKÂOGÃFKVKQP)GPÂXG5WKUUGX
NQWTFUFCPUNGUVKUUWUFWRQKUUQPFÃRCUUG
GPEQTG NGU NKOKVGU PCVKQPCNGU ÃVCDNKGU
RQWTNCUCPVÃ
CONCLUSION
.GUHQTÄVUFGUOQPVU,K\GTCUQPVRCTOKNGU
ÃEQU[UVÂOGUNGURNWUUGPUKDNGUFŏ'WTQRG
.CTQEJGUÃFKOGPVCKTGTÃUKUVCPVGGVNGU
UQNURQF\QNKSWGURGWRTQHQPFUCXGEWP
TÃUGTXQKTFGECVKQPUFGDCUGVTÂUNKOKVÃ
QPVWPVTÂUHCKDNGRQWXQKTVCORQPXKU´
XKUFGUFÃRÏVUGHHGEVKHUFŏCEKFGU&CPU
NGU CPPÃGU  NGU DCUUKPU XGTUCPVU FG
EGVVG\QPGQPVUQWHHGTVFGNŏCEKFKHKECVKQP
NKOKVCVKQP
GZVTÄOG SWK C ÃNGXÃ NGU RCTCOÂVTGU FG
R* FG FWTGVÃ GV FG RTÃUGPEG FŏCNWOK-
PKWO´FGUPKXGCWZKPEQORCVKDNGUCXGE
NCDQPPGUCPVÃ.ŏCOÃNKQTCVKQPTÃEGPVGFG
NCSWCNKVÃFGUGCWZFGUWTHCEGRCTCÉVÄVTG
NGTÃUWNVCVFGNCEQODKPCKUQPFGRNWUKGWTU
HCEVGWTU WPG RQNNWVKQP CVOQURJÃTKSWG
TÃFWKVGNGEJCWNCIGGVWPGOQKPFTGFGP-
Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006
Unasylva224_french.indb 49
49
Introduction zones de montagne DQKUÃGU VQWEJÃGU
d’essences à
feuilles caduques
RCT NGU FÃRÏVU CVOQURJÃTKSWGU CEKFGU
dans des PQVCOOGPV FCPU NGU TÃIKQPU Fŏ'WTQRG
peuplements EGPVTCNGC[CPVWPGJKUVQKTGFGOKUGGP
d’épicéas dans les
monts Jizera
XCNGWTHQTGUVKÂTGUGODNCDNG X
Bibliographie
Grennfelt, P., Rodhe, H., Thornelof,
E. et Wisniewski, J., éds.  Acid
4GKIP Ŏ! 2TQEGGFKPIU HTQO VJG VJ
International Conference on Acidic
UKVÃFWEQWXGTV
UKVÃFWG´NCEQWRGTCUGFGURGWRNGOGPVU ,WPG&QTFTGEJV2C[U$CU-NWYGT
FŏÃRKEÃCU $KGP SWG NC TGRTKUG UG UQKV #ECFGOKE2WDNKUJGTU
VTCFWKVGRCTNGUWEEÂUFGNCTÃKPVTQFWEVKQP -ĥGìGM , GV *CKIJ /, ÃFU 2006.
Environmental role of wetlands
NCVGPGWTÃNGXÃGFGURQNNWCPVURTÃUGPVU in headwaters &QTFTGEJV 2C[U$CU
FGUCPVÃGVNGUQTICPKUOGUDGPVJKSWGU -ĥGìGM,GV*QĥKEM¶,&ÃITCFCVKQP
TGHNÂVGPV NC FÃITCFCVKQP GPEQTG RGTUKU- GV TGOKUG GP ÃVCV FGU DCUUKPU XGTUCPVU
VCPVGFGNŏGPXKTQPPGOGPV FŏCNVKVWFGNGUOQPVU,K\GTCGP4ÃRWDNKSWG
.COGKNNGWTGSWCNKVÃFGNŏGCWQDUGTXÃG VEJÂSWGUnasylva
dans les forêts semi-naturelles de hêtres Nordic Council of Ministers.Surface
GUV FWG PQVCOOGPV ´ NC NKOKVCVKQP FGU YCVGT CEKFKſECVKQP KP VJG '%' TGIKQP
FÃRÏVUCEKFGURGPFCPVNCRÃTKQFGFGFQT- %QRGPJCIWG&CPGOCTM
OCPEGGVCWRQWXQKTVCORQPRNWUÃNGXÃ Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS).
2003. Guidelines for safe recreational
#KPUK FCPU WPG RGTURGEVKXG ´ NQPI water environments: coastal and fresh
VGTOGQPRGWVFKTGSWGNCSWCNKVÃFGNŏGCW waters.)GPÂXG5WKUUG
RQWTTCKVÄVTGCOÃNKQTÃGRCTNCRNCPVCVKQP OMS.  Guidelines for drinking water
FGRGWRNGOGPVUFÃEKFWUQWOKZVGUC[CPV quality
WPGUWTHCEGHQNKCKTGGVWPGTWIQUKVÃFG
UWTHCEGKPHÃTKGWTGUCRVGU´TÃFWKTGNGU
FÃRÏVUCVOQURJÃTKSWGUGV´CWIOGPVGT
NGRQWXQKTVCORQPRCTTCRRQTVCWZRGW-
RNGOGPVUFŏÃRKEÃCU%GURNCPVCVKQPUUQPV
CEVWGNNGOGPV GP EQWTU GP RCTVKEWNKGT
FCPUNGURNCVGCWZFŏCNVKVWFGOCKUKNGUV
GPEQTGVTQRVÏVRQWTÃXCNWGTNŏKPHNWGPEG
SWŏGNNGU RQWTTQPV CXQKT UWT NC SWCNKVÃ
FGNŏGCW
'PQWVTGNCIGUVKQPFGUDCUUKPUXGTUCPVU
FŏCNVKVWFGFGXTCKVEQORTGPFTGFGURTC-
VKSWGUU[NXKEQNGUVTCFKVKQPPGNNGUTGURGE-
VWGWUGUFGNŏGPXKTQPPGOGPV
FG NC EQWRG TCUG FÃDWUSWCIG FW DQKU
RCT NG EJGXCN QW NG E¸DNG FÃDWUSWCIG
UCKUQPPKGT GV TGURGEV FGU DCPFGU VCO-
RQPTKXGTCKPGURQWTÃXKVGTNŏÃTQUKQPFW
UQNNGEQORCEVCIGGVNCEQPVCOKPCVKQP
FGNŏGCW
%GUTGEQOOCPFCVKQPURQWTTCKGPVÄVTG
IÃPÃTCNKUÃGU GV UŏCRRNKSWGT ´ FŏCWVTGU
21/12/2006 14:11:17