3
Les forêts et la santé humaine dans les tropiques:
quelques interactions importantes
C.J.P. Colfer, D. Sheil, D. Kaimowitz et M. Kishi
Vue d’ensemble de la santé
humaine dans les forêts et les
zones environnantes, et des liens
de causalité entre les forêts et la
santé humaine.
RQWTEG
1/&SWKQPVÃVÃÃVCDNKURCT NŏGCWRTQRTGGVGPCDQPFCPEGFGRTCVK-
XQKTN GPECFTÃGVSWG SWGTNŏCITKEWNVWTGGPHQTÄVGVE%ŏGUV
NGU PWOÃTQU FGU HQTÄVU QÔ GNNGU XKXGPV 'PHKP NGU
GPVCPV HQ[GTNGUHCOKNNGUPQODTGWUGURGWXGPV
Carol J. Pierce Colfer et Douglas Sheil
sont chercheurs, le premier spécialisé en
anthropologie et le second en écologie, au Centre
pour la recherche forestière internationale
(CIFOR), Bogor, Indonésie.
David Kaimowitz, économiste, a été Directeur
général du CIFOR jusqu’en août 2006, et est
actuellement responsable du programme pour
l’environnement et le développement de la
Fondation Ford, au Mexique.
Misa Kishi, chercheur spécialisé en santé
publique, est invité du CIFOR et Spécialiste
principal de la santé environnementale auprès
XQKT5OKVJFCPUEG
du JSI Research and Training Institute, Boston,
Massachusetts, Etats-Unis..
Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006
Unasylva224_french.indb 3
P
QWTSWQKNGUHQTGUVKGTUFGXTCKGPVKNU
UGUQWEKGTFGNCUCPVÃJWOCKPG!+N
[CCWOQKPUFGWZTCKUQPUKORQT-
VCPVGU´EGNC.CRTGOKÂTGGVRGWVÄVTGNC
RNWUHQPFCOGPVCNGGUVSWGNGUCEVKXKVÃU
HQTGUVKÂTGUQPVWPGKPEKFGPEGUWTNCUCPVÃ
JWOCKPGGVSWGNCUCPVÃJWOCKPGCWP
KORCEVUWTNGUHQTÄVU.CUGEQPFGGUVSWG
NGU1DLGEVKHUFW/KNNÃPCKTGRQWTNGFÃXG-
NQRRGOGPV
NGU0CVKQPU7PKGU
NGURC[UFGNCRNCPÂVGUGUQPVGPICIÃU´
CVVGKPFTGFŏKEK´TGHNÂVGPVWPGRTÃ-
QEEWRCVKQPETQKUUCPVGFGNCEQOOWPCWVÃ
KPVGTPCVKQPCNG RQWT NC UCPVÃ JWOCKPG
3WCVTG FG EGU QDLGEVKHU
   GV  VTCKVGPV FKTGEVGOGPV FG NC
SWGUVKQP1PRGWVCWUUKCLQWVGTSWGFGU
RTQITÂUFCPUNCUCPVÃJWOCKPG
SWŏÃNÃOGPV FW DKGPÄVTG JWOCKP UQPV
WPGEQPFKVKQPRTÃCNCDNGFGNŏCEEQORNKU-
UGOGPVFWUGRVKÂOGQDLGEVKHEGNWKSWK
EQPEGTPGFGRNWURTÂUNGUHQTGUVKGTU
.GFGWZKÂOGGVNGVTQKUKÂOG1/&OGV-
VGPVGPCXCPVNŏÃSWKVÃGPVTGNGUUGZGUQW
KORNKSWGPVSWŏGNNGGZKUVG%GUQDLGEVKHU
aussi ont FGU KPEKFGPEGU TGNCVKXGOGPV
FKTGEVGUUWTNCUCPVÃJWOCKPGÃVCPVFQPPÃ
NGTÏNGEGPVTCNSWGLQWGPVPQTOCNGOGPV
NGUHGOOGURQWTCUUWTGTNCUCPVÃHCOK-
Objectifs du Millénaire pour le
développement (OMD)
5pGXLUHO¶H[WUrPHSDXYUHWpHWOD
faim
2. Assurer l’éducation primaire pour
tous
3. Promouvoir l’égalité des sexes
et l’autonomisation des femmes
5pGXLUHODPRUWDOLWpLQIDQWLOH
5. Améliorer la santé maternelle
6. Combattre le VIH et le SIDA, le
paludisme et d’autres maladies
7. Assurer un environnement durable
8. Mettre en place un partenariat
mondial pour le développement
NKCNG2TGUSWGRCTVQWVEGUQPVNGUHGOOGU
SWKRTÃRCTGPVFGUTGRCUPQWTTKUUCPVURQWT
NGWTHCOKNNGGVSWKXGKNNGPVCWTGURGEVFG
NŏJ[IKÂPG &CPU NGU \QPGU HQTGUVKÂTGU
EGTVCKPGUV¸EJGUOÃPCIÂTGUFGUHGOOGU
UQPVGPTCRRQTVÃVTQKVCXGENGUHQTÄVUGV
NGUCWVTGUTGUUQWTEGUPCVWTGNNGU
SWKGUVFGTÃEQNVGTFGURTQFWKVUHQTGUVKGTU
PQPNKIPGWZŌ2(0.ŌFGHQWTPKTFG
CWZHGOOGUSWŏKNKPEQODGFGRTGPFTG
soin des autres membres de la famille
SWCPFKNUVQODGPVOCNCFGUGVGNNGUNGU
UQKIPGPVUQWXGPVCXGEFGURTQFWKVUKUUWU
HGOOGUQPVWPGKPHNWGPEGOCLGWTGUWT
NGU FÃEKUKQPU EQPEGTPCPV NC VCKNNG FW
CXQKTWPGKPEKFGPEGPÃICVKXGUWTNCUCPVÃ
FG NC OÂTG GV FG UGU GPHCPVU GV GNNGU
QPV UQWXGPV CWUUK WP GHHGV PÃICVKH UWT
la santé de la forêt.
/ÄOGNCTÃCNKUCVKQPFWJWKVKÂOG1/&
UWTNGRCTVGPCTKCVOQPFKCNRQWTTCKVÄVTG
DÃPÃHKSWGRQWTNCUCPVÃFGUJQOOGUGV
des forêts.
%QOOGEŏGUVUQWXGPVNGECUCXGENGU
UVCVKUVKSWGU C[CPV VTCKV CWZ HQTÄVU NGU
UVCVKUVKSWGUOQPFKCNGUGVTÃIKQPCNGUUWT
NC UCPVÃ FGU EQOOWPCWVÃU XKXCPV GP
HQTÄVUQPVCUUG\CNÃCVQKTGU%GRGPFCPV
NGU FQPPÃGU UWKXCPVGU RGWXGPV FQPPGT
WPG KFÃG FG NŏCORNGWT FGU RTQDNÂOGU
FG UCPVÃ CWZSWGNU UQPV GZRQUÃGU NGU
RQRWNCVKQPU CKPUK SWG FGU NKGPU GPVTG
les forêts et la santé.
x.CHWOÃGFWDQKUFGEJCWHHGGVFGU
HGWZ FG HQTÄV RTQXQSWG FŏKORQT-
VCPVU VTQWDNGU TGURKTCVQKTGU EJG\
NŏJQOOG.CHWOÃGÃOKUGRCTFGU
DKQEQODWUVKDNGU UKORNGU RQWTTCKV
ECWUGT EJCSWG CPPÃG  OKNNKQP ´
OKNNKQPUFGFÃEÂURTÃOCVWTÃURTKP-
EKRCNGOGPVEJG\NGUHGOOGUGVNGU
GPHCPVUGPDCU¸IGFCPUNGURC[UGP
FÃXGNQRRGOGPV
PWOÃTQFŏUnasylva.GURCPCEJGU
21/12/2006 14:04:40

FAO/18640/G. BIZZARRI
%+(14
XQKTN’GPECFTÃ7PG
,C[CEJCPFTCP
XQKT HQTGUVKÂTGUTGEWNÃGUPŏCVVKTGPVIWÂTGNGU NGUHQTÄVUUÂEJGUNGUNKUKÂTGUGVNGUCPEKGP-
 TKGP SWŏGP
CLQW- RTKUGGPEQORVGGVRCTVQWUNGUOQ[GPU FCPUNCXKGSWQVKFKGPPGFGVQWUEGWZSWK
XQKTNCHKIWTG
%WPPKPIJCO
-CVGGV.CKTF
'PIGNOCP
8+*NG
5+&# NG XKTWU 'DQNC GV NC OCNCTKC
Unasylva224_french.indb 4
FGHWOÃGÃOKURCTNGUKPEGPFKGUFG
HQTÄVRGWXGPVRCTEQWTKTFGUEGPVCKPGU
FGMKNQOÂVTGUGVEQPUVKVWGTWPITCXG
FCPIGTRQWTNCUCPVÃQPGUVKOGSWG
NGUITCPFUKPEGPFKGUSWKQPVFÃXCUVÃ
NGUHQTÄVUKPFQPÃUKGPPGUGPQPV
ECWUÃNCOQTVFGPQWXGCWPÃU
GVHğVWU
´NCRCIGNGUFKTGEVKXGUUCPKVCKTGU
GPECUFŏKPEGPFKGU
x5GNQP #P[KPCO
%GVVGVGPFCPEGFQKVÄVTGKPXGTUÃGCWUUK LIENS ENTRE LA SANTÉ HUMAINE
+PFG GPXKTQP  RNCPVGU UQPV
WVKNKUÃGU ´ FGU HKPU OÃFKEKPCNGU GV
5JCPMCTGV/CLWOFCT
VGPV SWG RQWT  OKNNKQPU ´ 
OKNNKQPUFŏ+PFKGPUNCOÃFGEKPGVTC-
FKVKQPPGNNGGUVNCUGWNGQRVKQP
x5QKZCPVGFKZ ´  RQWT EGPV FGU
#HTKECKPUEQPUWNVGPVFGUIWÃTKUUGWTU
SWKWVKNKUGPVUQWXGPVFGURNCPVGUOÃ-
FKEKPCNGU&ŏCRTÂUNGUTCRRQTVUKN[
CWTCKVRCTGZGORNGGP4ÃRWDNKSWG
7PKGFG6CP\CPKGFG´
IWÃTKUUGWTURQWTOÃFGEKPUQEEK-
FGPVCWZ
x.GUXGPVGUFGRTQFWKVURJCTOCEGWVK-
SWGUFŏQTKIKPGPCVWTGNNGUGEJKHHTGPV
´OKNNKCTFUFGFQNNCTU'7RCTCP
L’omniprésence de EGTVCKPURTQDNÂOGU
FG UCPVÃ ITCXGU EQOOG NG XKTWU FG
NŏKOOWPQFÃHKEKGPEGJWOCKPG
U[PFTQOGFŏKOOWPQFÃHKEKGPEGCESWKUG
GUVEQPVGPWGRCTNGUEQPPCKUUCPEGUVTC-
FKVKQPPGNNGUFQPVNCXCNGWTGUV(RCTHQKU)
TGEQPPWGGVNGURNCPVGUOÃFKEKPCNGUSWK
UQPVWVKNKUÃGU´NCRNCEGFGUOÃFKECOGPVU
modernes.
œVCPVFQPPÃSWGNGUHQTÄVUQPVFGRCT
4
Les zones SWCVTGNKGPUGUUGPVKGNUGPVTGNGUHQTÄVUGVNC
forestières
UCPVÃJWOCKPGGPEGPVTCPVUQPCVVGPVKQP
éloignées peuvent
UWTFGWZSWGUVKQPUHQPFCOGPVCNGU
avoir du mal à attirer
les médecins, les x3WGNGUVNŏÃVCVFGUCPVÃFGURQRWNC-
KPſTOKGTUGVNGU
tions humaines dans les forêts et les
administrateurs des
services sanitaires \QPGUGPXKTQPPCPVGU!
(une clinique au x3WGNUUQPVNGUNKGPUFGECWUG´GHHGV
Mexique)
entre les forêts et la santé humai-
PG!
2QWTHKPKTNŏCTVKENGHQTOWNGSWGNSWGU
TGEQOOCPFCVKQPU ´ NŏKPVGPVKQP FG EGT-
VCKPUCEVGWTUEQOOGNGURTQHGUUKQPPGNU
de la santé ou les forestiers.
.ŏCTVKENG UŏCRRWKG FCPU WPG NCTIG
OGUWTG UWT NGU TGEJGTEJGU TÃEGPVGU FW
%GPVTGRQWTNCTGEJGTEJGHQTGUVKÂTGKPVGT-
PCVKQPCNG
ITCPFG RCTVKG FG EGU TGEJGTEJGU RQTVG
NGWTPCVWTGFGUFGPUKVÃUFGRQRWNCVKQP UWTFGUUWLGVUVTCKVÃUFGHCÁQPCRRTQHQP-
RNWUHCKDNGUSWGNGU\QPGUWTDCKPGUQW FKGFCPUFŏCWVTGUCTVKENGUFGEGPWOÃTQ
NGUTÃIKQPUCITKEQNGUNGUEQOOWPCWVÃU CWUUK EGNWKEK UG EQPEGPVTGVKN UWT NGU
SWK [ XKXGPV VGPFGPV ´ ÄVTG PÃINKIÃGU UWLGVUCDQTFÃUCKNNGWTUFGOCPKÂTGOQKPU
FCPUNCTGEJGTEJGGVFCPUNGUU[UVÂOGU EQORNÂVG .C RNWRCTV FGU EQPENWUKQPU
FGUQKPUUCPKVCKTGUQHHKEKGNU'NNGUUQPV UŏCRRNKSWGPVGUUGPVKGNNGOGPVCWZHQTÄVU
UQWXGPVFKHHKEKNGU´CVVGKPFTGGVNGUCKTGU VTQRKECNGUJWOKFGUGVEQPEGTPGPVOQKPU
OÃFGEKPUNGUKPHKTOKÂTGUGVNGUCFOKPKU- nes zones de forêt.
VTCVGWTUFGUUGTXKEGUFGUCPVÃ
DKGPRQWTFGUTCKUQPUÃVJKSWGUSWGRTC- ET LES FORÊTS
VKSWGU.CLWUVKEGGZKIGWPGRNWUITCPFG .GUHQTÄVUPŏQPVRCUNCOÄOGKORQTVCPEG
FGEGWZSWKPGRGWXGPVRCUCEEÃFGTÃSWK- XKXGPVFCPUNGUHQTÄVUQWNGWTUGPXKTQPU
VCDNGOGPV ´ NC UCPVÃ RCT CKNNGWTU NGU EGVVGKORQTVCPEGXCGPFÃETQKUUCPVFGU
JCDKVCPVUFGUHQTÄVUQPVFGUEQPPCKUUCP- EJCUUGWTUEWGKNNGWTU CWZ CITKEWNVGWTU
EGUGVFGUECRCEKVÃUSWKRGWXGPVÄVTGVTÂU PQOCFGUCWZKOOKITCPVUTÃEGPVUCWZ
WVKNGURQWTCOÃNKQTGTNCIGUVKQPFGEGU CITKEWNVGWTUUÃFGPVCKTGUGVCWZJCDKVCPVU
FGTPKÂTGU .G RTÃUGPV CTVKENG KFGPVKHKG FGUXKNNGU
/H&,)25HWODUHFKHUFKHVXUODVDQWpKXPDLQH
Le Centre pour la recherche forestière internationale (CIFOR) a reconnu l’importance
de la santé humaine dans la gestion des forêts au milieu des années 90. Une vingtaine
d’équipes interdisciplinaires de chercheurs travaillant dans 10 pays développés ou en
développement, et étudiant les forêts gérées pour la production de bois, les plantations
forestières, et leur utilisation par les communautés, ont conclu que la santé humaine était
un élément important de la gestion durable des forêts. Des professionnels de la santé ont
ÃICNGOGPVKFGPVKſÃFGUNKGPUKORQTVCPVUGPVTGNŏGPXKTQPPGOGPVGVNCUCPVÃ
1998; Gardner-Outlaw et Engelman, 1999; Walsh, Molyneux et Birley, 1993; Patz et al.,
2000; Patz et Wolfe, 2002).
En 2003, le CIFOR a entrepris un examen des documents portant sur la santé humaine
et les forêts; il a organisé à cet effet des ateliers de spécialistes, des entretiens avec des
experts et des observations de terrain en continu, et a réuni plus de 600 études et analyses
sur le sujet. Les résultats complets sont rapportés dans Colfer, Sheil et Kishi (2006).
Pour un complément d’informations sur les travaux du CIFOR concernant la santé
humaine, consulter le site: www.cifor.cgiar.org/Research/Livelihoods/MainActivities/
ForestHealth
Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006
21/12/2006 14:04:43

.GUEQOOWPCWVÃUXKXCPVFGNCEJCUUG
GV FG NC EWGKNNGVVG GV EGNNGU RTCVKSWCPV
NŏCITKEWNVWTG UWT DTÖNKU
CITKEWNVGWTU
PQOCFGU FÃRGPFGPV RTGUSWG GPVKÂTG-
OGPVFGUHQTÄVUGPVGTOGUFGUWDUKUVCPEG
FGUCPVÃFGTGXGPWGVFGEWNVWTGGPHCKV
NŏKPVÃITCNKVÃ FG NGWT OQFG FG XKG RGWV
TGNGXGTFGEGVVGTÃCNKVÃ'NNGURGWXGPVÄVTG
CKPUKEQPUKFÃTÃGUEQOOGFGXÃTKVCDNGU
TÃUGTXQKTUFGEQPPCKUUCPEGUKPFKIÂPGU
WVKNGU RQWT COÃNKQTGT NC IGUVKQP FGU
HQTÄVU.GUKOOKITCPVUTÃEGPVURGWXGPV
CXQKTDGUQKPFGUHQTÄVURQWTXKXTGFCPU
NC OÄOG OGUWTG SWG EGU EQOOWPCW-
VÃU OCKU KNU PŏQPV PK NC EQPPCKUUCPEG
CRRTQHQPFKG FGU GURÂEGU FGU JCDKVCVU
GV FGU EQORQTVGOGPVU NQECWZ PK NGU
NKGPUGVNGUXCNGWTUEWNVWTGNNGUGVU[O-
DQNKSWGU SWK NGWT UQPV CUUQEKÃU GV SWK
GPTKEJKUUGPVGPEQTGNCXKGFGPQODTGWZ
JCDKVCPVU FGU HQTÄVU .GU CITKEWNVGWTU
UÃFGPVCKTGU GV NGU JCDKVCPVU FGU XKNNGU
RGWXGPVUQWJCKVGTCEJGVGTFGURTQFWKVU
HQTGUVKGTUQWFÃRGPFTGFGNCHQTÄVRQWT
NGWTCRRTQXKUKQPPGOGPVGPEQODWUVKDNGU
QWGPOÃFKECOGPVUOCKUKNUUQPVDGCW-
EQWROQKPUEQPEGTPÃURCTUCFWTCDKNKVÃ
54#5 UKNGUEJCUUGWTUEWGKNNGWTUQPVWPCEEÂU
QWUCUKIPKHKECVKQPEWNVWTGNNG
Pour améliorer la santé humaine et
assurer la durabilité des forêts, on doit
VGPKTEQORVGFGUECVÃIQTKGUCWZSWGNNGU
CRRCTVKGPPGPVNGURQRWNCVKQPUNQECNGUGV
FÃVGTOKPGT EQOOGPV NGU JCDKVCPVU FGU
HQTÄVURGWXGPVEQPVTKDWGT´WPGOGKNNGWTG
IGUVKQP FG EGU FGTPKÂTGU +N HCWV CWUUK
RTGPFTGCEVGFWHCKVSWGNGUEQPPCKUUCPEGU
SWQK- FGEQOOGTEG0ÃCPOQKPUNGUCNKOGPVU
GVNGUWVKNKUCVKQPUFGNCHQTÄVXCTKGPVCW
XQKT UCWXCIGUFGOGWTGPVNCRTKPEKRCNGUQWTEG
UGKPOÄOGFGUEQOOWPCWVÃUSWK[XKXGPV
GPHQPEVKQPFGNŏ¸IGFWUGZGFGNCECUVG ,QJPUGV/CWPFW.GURCWXTGUFÃRGP-
UKIPCNGPV
nts des villes
Habita
culteurs sédentaires
Agri
igrants forestiers
Imm
teurs nomade
ricul s
Ag
UQKV
Chasseurs-
9KNMKG
cueilleurs
$GPPGVV
Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006
Unasylva224_french.indb 5
5
GVE %QOOG NG OQPVTGPV NGU CTVKENGU
FGEGPWOÃTQNGUCEVKXKVÃUHQTGUVKÂTGU
SWŏGNNGU UQKGPV PWKUKDNGU QW DÃPKIPGU
QPV FGU EQPUÃSWGPEGU RQWT FŏCWVTGU
RQRWNCVKQPU %GNC C ÃVÃ FÃOQPVTÃ EGU
FGTPKÂTGUCPPÃGUFGHCÁQPURGEVCEWNCKTG
GVPÃICVKXGRCTFGUOCNCFKGUÃOGTIGPVGU
FŏQTKIKPGHQTGUVKÂTGEQOOGNGU[PFTQOG
TGURKTCVQKTGCKIWUÃXÂTG
L’alimentation et la nutrition
$KGPSWGNGUHQTÄVUCKGPVRGWFGRQUUK-
DKNKVÃU FŏCOÃNKQTGT NGU OQ[GPU FŏGZKU-
VGPEGFGURQRWNCVKQPUGNNGURGWXGPVÄVTG
KORQTVCPVGUEQOOGHKNGVUFGUÃEWTKVÃ.GU
RGTUQPPGUSWKTÃUKFGPVFCPUNGUHQTÄVUGV
NGU\QPGUGPXKTQPPCPVGUGPVKTGPVIÃPÃTC-
NGOGPVWPGSWCPVKVÃEQPUKFÃTCDNG
SWGXCTKCDNGFŏCNKOGPVUPWVTKVKHU
FCPU EG PWOÃTQ &QWPKCU GV (TQOGPV
OKPÃTCWZFCPUNGUTÃIKOGUCNKOGPVCKTGU
Importance des
forêts pour les
différents groupes
de personnes
vivant à l’intérieur
ou dans les zones
environnantes
FAO/CFU000146/R. FAIDUTTI
Les personnes qui résident dans les
forêts ou les zones environnantes y
trouvent généralement une quantité
considérable, quoique variable,
d’aliments nutritifs – les pauvres étant
généralement plus dépendants de ces
aliments (enfants mangeant des fruits
de Borassus aethiopium, au Sénégal)
FGPVRNWUSWGNGUCWVTGUFGEGUCNKOGPVU
&GUÃVWFGUUQPVGPEQWTURQWTFÃVGTOKPGT
CFÃSWCV CWZ PWVTKOGPVU FGU HQTÄVU GV
RQWTÃXCNWGTNCXCNGWTPWVTKVKQPPGNNGFG
nombreux aliments forestiers. Il semble
SWG ´ NŏJGWTG CEVWGNNG RNWU RGTUQPPG
CW OQPFG PG FÃRGPFG GZENWUKXGOGPV
FG RTQFWKVU HQTGUVKGTU TÃEQNVÃU FCPU NC
PCVWTG RQWT UG PQWTTKT VQWV NG OQPFG
EWNVKXGVTQSWGQWHCKVCWOQKPUWPRGW
FGITCKUUGUCPKOCNGUFGRTQVÃKPGUGVFG
FGOKNNKQPUFGRGTUQPPGU
$GPPGVVGV4QDKPUQP
SWGFCPURC[UGPFÃXGNQRRGOGPVNGU
RQRWNCVKQPUVKTGPVRNWUFGRQWTEGPV
FGURTQVÃKPGUSWŏGNNGUEQPUQOOGPVFW
RQKUUQP GV FG NC XKCPFG UCWXCIGU .GU
JCDKVCPVUFWDCUUKPFW%QPIQEQPUQO-
OGPV´GWZUGWNURNWUFGOKNNKQPFGVQP-
PGUFGXKCPFGUCWXCIGEJCSWGCPPÃG
 OKNNKQPU FG VÄVGU FG DÃVCKN
GVEGWZFWDCUUKPCOC\QPKGPFG
´VQPPGURCTCP
4QDKPUQPGV'XGU.GUCPKOCWZ
UCWXCIGUFGUHQTÄVUPGUQPVEGRGPFCPV
RCUSWŏWPGOCPPGECTUŏKNUUQPVHCEKNGU
´EJCUUGTKNUHQPVCWUUKFGUTCXCIGUFCPU
NGUEWNVWTGU
Les habitats forestiers restants tendent
´ÄVTGECTCEVÃTKUÃURCTFGUUQNURCWXTGU
21/12/2006 14:04:51

GVFGURNCPVGUSWGNGWTURTQRTGUFÃHGPUGU
TGPFGPVKORTQRTGU´NCEQPUQOOCVKQP
6QWVGHQKUNGUHQTÄVUUQPVCWUUKFŏKORQT-
VCPVUTÃUGTXQKTUFGTGUUQWTEGUIÃPÃVKSWGU
SWKHQWTPKUUGPVFŏQTGUGVFÃL´SWGNSWGU
XQKT9KNEQZGV'NNKU
CNKOGPVUGVSWKQHHTGPVFGURGTURGEVKXGU
DGCWEQWR RNWU ITCPFGU RQWT NŏCXGPKT
.GU RNCPVGU UCWXCIGU CRRCTGPVÃGU CWZ
PQODTGWUGUGURÂEGUEWNVKXÃGUEQOOW-
PGUTGRTÃUGPVGPVWPRCVTKOQKPGOQPFKCN
KORQTVCPV.GUHQTÄVUHQWTPKUUGPVCWUUKFG
OWNVKRNGUDKGPU
GVUGTXKEGUSWKEQPVTK- NGUHGOOGUGVNGUGPHCPVU
XQKT5OKVJ NG5+&#VGPFGPV´UŏGPHQPEGTKPGZQTCDNG-
DWGPVKPFKTGEVGOGPV´NCRTQFWEVKQPCNK-
OGPVCKTGEQOOGNGURKSWGVUNGUTWEJGU
GVNGHQWTTCIG
.C EQOOGTEKCNKUCVKQP C UQWXGPV WPG
XQKT
KPEKFGPEGPÃICVKXGUWTNCFWTCDKNKVÃFGU
RQRWNCVKQPUXÃIÃVCNGUGVCPKOCNGUUCWXC-
IGUGPEQTGGZCEGTDÃGRCTNCETQKUUCPEG
FGU OCTEJÃU FCPU NGU XKNNGU NŏGPVTÃG
FGU GZRNQKVCPVU HQTGUVKGTU GV FŏCWVTGU
RGTUQPPGU FCPU NGU \QPGU DQKUÃGU GV
NG RGTHGEVKQPPGOGPV FGU CTOGU GV FGU
VTCPURQTVU
XQKT,QJPUGV/CWPFWFCPU XKTCNGU ÃOGTIGPVGU UQPV FGU OGPCEGU
EGPWOÃTQ.CXGPVGFŏCPKOCWZUCWXC-
IGUGVFŏCWVTGU2(0.GUVWPGUQWTEGFG
XQKT9KNEQZ UCPEG FGU XGTVWU EWTCVKXGU FGU RNCPVGU
TGXGPW RQWT NGU HCOKNNGU NQECNGU OCKU
GNNG ÏVG RCTHQKU FG NC PQWTTKVWTG ´ NGWT
ICTFGOCPIGT %QOOG NGU TGUUQWTEGU
TÃFWKUCPVNGUDGUQKPUGPOCKPFŏğWXTG
UQPVUCKUQPPKÂTGUNGURQRWNCVKQPURGW-
XGPVUQWHHTKTITCXGOGPVFGNCHCKOFCPU
EGTVCKPGU\QPGU
.C OQFKHKECVKQP FW RC[UCIG GUV UQW-
XGPVOQVKXÃGRCTNGDGUQKPFGRTQFWKTG
FGU CNKOGPVU %GTVCKPGU OCPKRWNCVKQPU
#P[QPIG   .GU EQPPCKUUCPEGU
GPVTGVKGPPGPVNGEQWXGTVHQTGUVKGTVQWVGP
CWIOGPVCPV NC RTQFWEVKQP CNKOGPVCKTG
.GPIMGGM
.GU XCTKCVKQPU FG NC EQORQUKVKQP FGU
HQTÄVUFWGU´NŏCDCVVCIGFGUCTDTGU´NC
EJCUUGGVCWZGURÂEGUGPXCJKUUCPVGUQPV
FGU GHHGVU FKXGTU UWT NGU FKURQPKDKNKVÃU
alimentaires. Les différents stades de
TÃIÃPÃTCVKQPFGUHQTÄVUXCTKGPVRCTNGWT
RTQFWEVKXKVÃCNKOGPVCKTG
La distribution de la nourriture au sein
FGUOÃPCIGUHQTGUVKGTURGWVÄVTGKPÃSWK-
table, les femmes et les filles étant sou-
999'%1214614)#$%700+0)*#/
XGPVRCTVKEWNKÂTGOGPVFÃHCXQTKUÃGU&GU
OCNCFKGURTQXGPCPVQWPQPFGUHQTÄVU
RGWXGPVEQORTQOGVVTGNŏCEEÂUFGURQRW-
NCVKQPU´NCPQWTTKVWTG.COCNCFKGGVNGU
FÃEÂUFWUCW8+*GVCW5+&#FGOÄOG
SWG NGU UQKPU ´ FQPPGT CWZ OCNCFGU
TÃFWKUGPVNGPQODTGGHHGEVKHFŏCFWNVGUSWK
VTCXCKNNGPVGVRCTXQKGFGEQPUÃSWGPEG
NŏCRRTQXKUKQPPGOGPV CNKOGPVCKTG FGU
HCOKNNGU
XQKT *QNFKPI et al FCPU EG
PWOÃTQ2CTOKNGURTQDNÂOGUFGUCPVÃ
Unasylva224_french.indb 6
6
NKÃU´NCPQWTTKVWTGSWKCHHGEVGPVNGUJCDK-
VCPVUFGU\QPGUHQTGUVKÂTGUQPQDUGTXG
PQVCOOGPVNGUECTGPEGUGPXKVCOKPG#
GVGPKQFGNCRTÃUGPEGFGO[EQVQZKPGU
GV FŏCWVTGU VQZKPGU FCPU NGU CNKOGPVU
CKPUK SWG FGU OCNCFKGU XKTCNGU SWK UG
RTQRCIGPV RCT EQPVCEV CXGE NC HCWPG
UCWXCIG&CPUNGU\QPGUHQTGUVKÂTGUNC
EWKUKPGUGHCKVUQWXGPVCWDQKUFGHGWEG
SWKRTÃUGPVGFGUÃTKGWZTKUSWGURQWTNGU
XQKGUTGURKTCVQKTGUGPRCTVKEWNKGTRQWT
FCPUEGPWOÃTQ
Les maladies
.C FÃHQTGUVCVKQP NC ETQKUUCPEG FÃOQ-
ITCRJKSWG NGU FÃRNCEGOGPVU JWOCKPU
NŏÃEQPQOKGNGRQWXQKTGVNGUOCNCFKGU
UQPV FGU RJÃPQOÂPGU KPVKOGOGPV NKÃU
OCKURQWTRTÃXQKTNŏKORCEVFGEJCPIG-
OGPVUURÃEKHKSWGUFWEQWXGTVHQTGUVKGT
sur la santé humaine, il faudra analyser
NGU EQPFKVKQPU NQECNGU .GU OCNCFKGU
OGUWTGUEQPETÂVGURQWTTCKGPVCOÃNKQTGT
UÃTKGWUGURQWTNGUJQOOGUGVNGURQRW-
NCVKQPUFŏCPKOCWZUCWXCIGU
GV'NNKUFCPUEGPWOÃTQ.GUOCNCFKGU
VTCPUOKUGU RCT FGU XGEVGWTU UQPV EGN-
NGU SWK QPV NG RNWU FG EJCPEGU FŏÄVTG
EQPVTCEVÃGUFCPUNGU\QPGUHQTGUVKÂTGU
%GU CHHGEVKQPU UQPV NKÃGU FG FKXGTUGU
OCPKÂTGU´NCFÃHQTGUVCVKQPOCKUFCPUNC
RNWRCTVFGUECUNGUFÃDQKUGOGPVUUGO-
DNGPV CEETQÉVTG NG RQKFU FGU OCNCFKGU
RQWTNGURQRWNCVKQPUNQECNGU
.COCPKRWNCVKQPGVNCEQPUQOOCVKQP
FG NC XKCPFG FG DTQWUUG TGPFGPV NGU
RQRWNCVKQPU RNWU GZRQUÃGU ´ FG PQO-
DTGWZXKTWUGVRGWXGPVÄVTG´NŏQTKIKPGFG
NŏÃOGTIGPEGFGFKXGTUGUOCNCFKGUFQPV
NG8+*GVNGXKTWU'DQNC.GUCPKOCWZ
GVNGUKPUGEVGUFGUHQTÄVUUGTXGPVFŏJÏVGU
GV FG XGEVGWTU ´ WP EGTVCKP PQODTG FG
OCNCFKGU KORQTVCPVGU FQPV NC HKÂXTG
LCWPGNCNGKUJOCPKQUGGVNCOCNCFKGFG
%JCICU.GUEJCPIGOGPVUFŏWVKNKUCVKQP
FGU VGTTGU CHHGEVGPV NGU FKXGTU JÏVGU GV
XGEVGWTUFGOCPKÂTGFKHHÃTGPVGGVQPVFGU
TÃRGTEWUUKQPUKPFKTGEVGUUWTNŏKPEKFGPEG
FGUOCNCFKGUJWOCKPGU.COGPCEGFG
Beaucoup de produits
pharmaceutiques
occidentaux sont dérivés
d’essences forestières
tropicales; ici, écorce de
Prunus africana destinée
au marché européen
OCNCFKGUÃOGTIGPVGUEQOOGNCOCNCFKG
FG.[OGCWZ'VCVU7PKUQWNGXKTWU'DQNC
GP#HTKSWGEGPVTCNGGUVCIITCXÃGRCTNG
HCKVSWGEGUOCNCFKGURGWXGPVUGRTQRCIGT
CWFGN´FGUHQTÄVU
FCPUEGPWOÃTQ
.G 8+* GV NG 5+&# NGU EQPHNKVU NC
PWVTKVKQPGVNGUVCVWVFÃHCXQTKUÃFGUHGO-
mes sont intimement liés dans les forêts
Fŏ#HTKSWGQTKGPVCNGGVEGPVTCNG)NQDCNG-
OGPVNGUOÃPCIGUCVVGKPVURCTNG8+*GV
OGPVFCPUWPEGTENGXKEKGWZFŏKPÃSWKVÃ
GPVTGNGUUGZGUFGPWVTKVKQPKPCFÃSWCVG
FŏGHHQPFTGOGPVEWNVWTGNGVFŏCWIOGPVC-
VKQPFGNCRCWXTGVÃGVFGUOCNCFKGU
*QNFKPI et al FCPU EG PWOÃTQ .GU
KPLWUVKEGU UQEKCNGU GP OCVKÂTG FŏCEEÂU
CWZTGUUQWTEGUNGVTCXCKNUCKUQPPKGTGV
NC UÃRCTCVKQP FGU HCOKNNGU UQPV CWVCPV
FG HCEVGWTU SWK CWIOGPVGPV NC XWNPÃ-
TCDKNKVÃCW5+&#FCPUNGU\QPGUHQTGU-
VKÂTGU EQOOG ´ NŏGZVÃTKGWT 2NWUKGWTU
NC UKVWCVKQP PQVCOOGPV NC TGEQPPCKU-
OÃFKEKPCNGUGVFGUCNKOGPVUHQTGUVKGTU
NŏÃNCTIKUUGOGPVFGNŏCEEÂUCWDQKUFGHGW
NGFÃXGNQRRGOGPVFŏCEVKXKVÃUHQTGUVKÂTGU
IÃPÃTCVTKEGUFGTGXGPWGVNGRCTVCIGFGU
TGEGVVGU HQTGUVKÂTGU RQWT UQWVGPKT FGU
KPKVKCVKXGUFGUEQOOWPCWVÃUNQECNGUGP
OCVKÂTGFGNWVVGEQPVTGNG8+*GVNG5+&#
KPFKIÂPGULQWGPVWPTÏNGKORQTVCPVFCPU
EGUGHHQTVU
.C OCNCTKC GUV WP CWVTG HCEVGWT NÃVCN
SWKCEETQÉVNGHCTFGCWFGUOCNCFKGUFCPU
NGUHQTÄVUGVNGU\QPGUGPXKTQPPCPVGUGP
'%12146
Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006
21/12/2006 14:04:51

XQKT
FAO/CFU000270/R. FAIDUTTI
XQKT ,QJPU GV
KPXGTUGOGPV QP RGWV CXQKT TGEQWTU ´
Catharanthus roseus
%&$
GZCEGTDÃGRCTNGFÃHTKEJGOGPV
 EQOOWPCWVÃUNQECNGUFCPUNGFQOCKPG
-CVGGV.CKTF
Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006
Unasylva224_french.indb 7
RCTVKEWNKGTGP#HTKSWG.GUNKGPUFGECWUG
´ GHHGV GPVTG NC FÃHQTGUVCVKQP GV NŏKPEK-
FGPEGFGNCOCNCTKCUQPVFKHHKEKNGU´KFGP-
VKHKGT%GTVCKPURTQEGUUWUFŏGZRNQKVCVKQP
HQTGUVKÂTGRGWXGPVHCXQTKUGTNCRTÃUGPEG
FŏGCWZ UVCIPCPVGU SWK FGXKGPPGPV FGU
UKVGU FG TGRTQFWEVKQP FGU OQWUVKSWGU
&CPUEGTVCKPUGPFTQKVUEQOOG2CPCOC
GVNCTÃIKQPFG6GTCKCW0ÃRCNNGFÃHTK-
EJGOGPVFGUHQTÄVUCRGTOKUCWZRQRWNC-
VKQPUFGRÃPÃVTGTFCPUFGU\QPGUCWRCTC-
XCPVKPJCDKVCDNGU´ECWUGFWRCNWFKUOG
RKOGPVU GV NC EQECÊPG UQPV CWUUK RTÃ-
FGUDQKUGOGPVURQWTNWVVGTEQPVTGEGVVG
OCNCFKGEQOOGEGNCCÃVÃNGECUGP+VCNKG
CWFÃDWVFW::eUKÂENGŌXQKTRCIG
&CPUFŏCWVTGUTÃIKQPUNGFÃRNCEGOGPVFG
RQRWNCVKQPUPQPKOOWPGUXGTUFGU\QPGU
KORCNWFÃGU QÔ NGU RQRWNCVKQPU NQECNGU
CXCKGPVCESWKUWPGEGTVCKPGKOOWPKVÃC
NGWT RCWXTGVÃ RCTVQWV FCPU NG OQPFG
EGRGPFCPVÃVÃEQTTÃNôWPGRTÃXCNGPEG
CEETWG FG NC OCNCFKG .C FKXGTUKVÃ GV
NC ECRCEKVÃ FŏCFCRVCVKQP EQPUKFÃTCDNGU
FGU OQWUVKSWGU HQPV SWŏKN GUV FKHHKEKNG
FGFKUVKPIWGTNGUECWUGUGVFGOGVVTGCW
RQKPVFGUUVTCVÃIKGUFŏJ[IKÂPGFGXKGGV
FGUWKXKOÃFKECNGHHKECEGU
.ŏGORQKUQPPGOGPVRCTNGOGTEWTGFÖ´
NCEQPUQOOCVKQPFGRQKUUQPEQPVCOKPÃ
GUVEQWTCPVFCPUEGTVCKPGU\QPGUHQTGUVKÂ-
TGU'P#OC\QPKGNŏGZVTCEVKQPFGNŏQTGV
NŏÃTQUKQP
VKUÃUOCKUFŏCWVTGUUQPVGPEQTGTÃEQNVÃU
FGUHQTÄVUFGUUQNUC[CPVPCVWTGNNGOGPV
WPGVGPGWTÃNGXÃGGPOGTEWTGQPVGPVTCÉPÃ
WPG HQTVG EQPEGPVTCVKQP FG EG FGTPKGT
FCPUNGUGCWZUKVWÃGUGPCXCN.ŏGZRQ-
UKVKQPCWOGTEWTGRGWVTÃFWKTGNCTÃUKU-
VCPEGCWZOCNCFKGUQWGPVTCÉPGTNCHQNKG
WP TGVCTF OGPVCN GV WP EGTVCKP PQODTG
FŏCWVTGU VTQWDNGU OQKPU FTCOCVKSWGU
&CPUEGTVCKPUGPFTQKVUFGUEJGTEJGWTU
GV FGU OGODTGU FG EQOOWPCWVÃU QPV
EQNNCDQTÃ RQWT VGPVGT FG TÃFWKTG NŏGZ-
7
Les systèmes de soins
de santé traditionnels
reposent sur une
bonne connaissance
locale des plantes
médicinales; ici,
herboriste préparant
un médicament à partir
du fruit de Kigelia
africana,
en Ouganda
RQUKVKQP CW OGTEWTG GP OQFKHKCPV NGU
TÃIKOGUCNKOGPVCKTGUNQECWZ
Les médicaments issus des forêts
$GCWEQWRFGRNCPVGUGVFŏCPKOCWZFGU
HQTÄVURTQFWKUGPVFGURQKUQPUFGUHQP-
IKEKFGU FGU CPVKDKQVKSWGU GV FŏCWVTGU
EQORQUÃUDKQNQIKSWGOGPVCEVKHUEQOOG
OÃECPKUOGUFGFÃHGPUGFQPVDGCWEQWR
QPVFGUWVKNKUCVKQPUOÃFKECNGU&GUEQO-
RQUÃUEQWTCOOGPVWVKNKUÃUGPOÃFGEKPG
EQOOGNGUPQKZFGEQNCNCECHÃKPGNGU
FGUVGEJPKSWGUFGIGUVKQPHQTGUVKÂTGCOÃ-
sents dans les forêts. Bon nombre de
RTQFWKVU RJCTOCEGWVKSWGU QEEKFGPVCWZ
UQPVFÃTKXÃUFŏGUUGPEGUHQTGUVKÂTGUVTQ-
RKECNGU RCT GZGORNG NC SWKPKPG FÃTK-
XÃGFGCinchonaURRNGUOÃFKECOGPVU
EQPVTGNGECPEGTGZVTCKVUFGNCRGTXGPEJG
FG/CFCICUECT
NGUVTCKVGOGPVUFGNŏJ[RGTVTQRJKGFGNC
INCPFG RTQUVCVKSWG FÃTKXÃU FG Prunus
africana NC HQTUMQNKPG SWK C FKXGTUGU
CRRNKECVKQPU OÃFKECNGU GZVTCKVG FG NC
TCEKPGFGColeus forskohliiNGUOÃFKEC-
OGPVURQWTNGVTCKVGOGPVFWFKCDÂVGVKTÃU
de Dioscorea dumetorum et Harungana
vismiaGVRNWUKGWTUOÃFKECOGPVU´DCUG
FGHGWKNNGUFGZÃTQRJ[VGUFGNCHCOKNNGFGU
/GUGODT[CPVJGOCEÃGU 3WGNSWGUWPU
FGEGURTQFWKVUUQPVOCKPVGPCPVU[PVJÃ-
FGRC[UGPFÃXGNQRRGOGPV.GUGHHQTVU
FCPU NC PCVWTG .C XCNGWT ÃEQPQOKSWG
FGU RNCPVGU OÃFKEKPCNGU VTCFKVKQPPGN-
NGU GUV EQPUKFÃTCDNG #EJKGPI
RCTGZGORNGCUKIPCNÃSWGNŏÃEQTEGFG
Prunus africanaTCRRQTVCKV´GNNGUGWNG
 OKNNKQPU FG FQNNCTU '7 RCT CP ´
NŏKPFWUVTKGRJCTOCEGWVKSWG
.GUU[UVÂOGUVTCFKVKQPPGNUFGUQKPUFG
UCPVÃUGHQPFGPVUWTWPGDQPPGEQPPCKU-
UCPEG NQECNG FGU RNCPVGU OÃFKEKPCNGU
FCPUNGURTKPEKRCNGU\QPGUVTQRKECNGU%GU
U[UVÂOGUVTCFKVKQPPGNUUQPVKORQTVCPVU
UWTVQWVFCPUNGUGPFTQKVUPQPFGUUGTXKU
RCTNGUUGTXKEGUUCPKVCKTGUQHHKEKGNU
&QWPKCUGV(TQOGPVFCPUEGPWOÃTQ
.GOCTEJÃFGURNCPVGUOÃFKEKPCNGUVTC-
FKVKQPPGNNGU GUV XCUVG GV GP GZRCPUKQP
GVKNGUVGPITCPFGRCTVKGCWZOCKPUFGU
HGOOGUUWTVQWVRQWTNGURTQFWKVUC[CPV
WPG HCKDNG XCNGWT OCTEJCPFG +N GZKUVG
WPEQTRUETQKUUCPVFGRTGWXGUUEKGPVKHK-
SWGUFGNŏGHHKECEKVÃFGSWGNSWGUWPUFGU
TGOÂFGUVTCFKVKQPPGNUNGURNWUNCTIGOGPV
utilisés.
&CPUNGOÄOGVGORUNGURNCPVGUOÃFK-
EKPCNGU UQPV OGPCEÃGU RCTVQWV FCPU NG
OQPFG RCT FGU OÃECPKUOGU RNWU QW
OQKPU UGODNCDNGU ´ EGWZ FÃETKVU RQWT
NGU CNKOGPVU FGU HQTÄVU
/CWPFWFCPUEGPWOÃTQ%GUFCPIGTU
UQPVPQVCOOGPVNCETQKUUCPEGNGPVGFGU
nDQPPGU€GURÂEGUNCRGTVGFGUOÃECPKU-
OGU VTCFKVKQPPGNU SWK HCXQTKUCKGPV WPG
GZRNQKVCVKQPFWTCDNGGVNGUWVKNKUCVKQPU
EQPEWTTGPVGUFŏWPGOÄOGGURÂEGUCPU
QWDNKGTNCJCWUUGFGNCEQOOGTEKCNKUC-
VKQPGVNCOQPFKCNKUCVKQPFWOCTEJÃ.C
EGTVKHKECVKQPFGURNCPVGUOÃFKEKPCNGUGV
NKQTÃGURQWTTCKGPVCRRQTVGTFGUUQNWVKQPU
CWOQKPURCTVKGNNGU
.GU EQORCIPKGU RJCTOCEGWVKSWGU
QPV RCTHQKU ÃVÃ CEEWUÃGU FG VKTGT WP
RTQHKV GZEGUUKH FGU EQPPCKUUCPEGU FGU
RQRWNCVKQPU HQTGUVKÂTGU GP TGICTF FG
.GU RTQDNÂOGU EQPEGTPCPV NGU FTQKVU
FG RTQRTKÃVÃ KPVGNNGEVWGNNG NGU EQPUÃ-
SWGPEGU GP OCVKÂTG FŏKPVÃITKVÃ EWNVW-
TGNNGNCSWCPVKHKECVKQPFGUCXCPVCIGUGV
NŏKFGPVKHKECVKQP FGU DÃPÃHKEKCKTGU UQPV
FGU SWGUVKQPU EQORNGZGU .C %QPXGP-
VKQPUWTNCFKXGTUKVÃDKQNQIKSWG
XKUG´RTQVÃIGTNGUFTQKVUGPOCVKÂTGFG
RCTVCIGFGUDÃPÃHKEGUOCKUCWEWPOÃEC-
PKUOG CFÃSWCV PŏGUV GP RNCEG RQWT NGU
CRRNKSWGTGPRCTVKEWNKGTFCPUDGCWEQWR
CEEQORNKURQWTÃVCDNKTWPGEQNNCDQTCVKQP
GPVTGNŏKPFWUVTKGRJCTOCEGWVKSWGGVNGU
FGNCDKQRTQURGEVKQPQPVGWFGUTÃUWNVCVU
OKVKIÃU
Les changements culturels et les
conséquences du développement
.G UGPVKOGPV FŏKFGPVKVÃ GV FŏCRRCTVG-
PCPEG´WPGEQOOWPCWVÃGUVHQPFCOGP-
VCNRQWTOGPGTWPGXKGFGSWCNKVÃ+NGUV
21/12/2006 14:04:57

FG RNWU GP RNWU CFOKU SWG NC EWNVWTG
C WPG ITCPFG KPHNWGPEG UWT NC SWCNKVÃ
FG XKG NG UGPVKOGPV FG DKGPÄVTG GV NC
UCPVÃFGURGTUQPPGU2QWTNGUEJCUUGWTU
*WPVGT  NŏGZRQUKVKQP CW HQTÄVU
EJCUUGWTUEWGKNNGWTUUGTCKGPVGP
EWGKNNGWTUGVRQWTDGCWEQWRFŏCITKEWN-
teurs nomades, les liens entre la forêt
1TWDWNQ[G VKQPUTWTCNGU
/GNP[M5CPVQUGV
GV NC UCPVÃ UQPV GUUGPVKGNU %GWZ SWK
UŏKPVÃTGUUGPV´NCUCPVÃFGURQRWNCVKQPU
HQTGUVKÂTGUFQKXGPVRTGPFTGGPEQPUKFÃ-
TCVKQPRNWUKGWTUSWGUVKQPUKORQTVCPVGU
NGFGITÃFŏKPVÃITCVKQPFGUETQ[CPEGUGV
#MCIKet al..ŏÃVCV [ EQORTKU FG DGCWEQWR FG OCNCFKGU
FGURTCVKSWGUGPOCVKÂTGFGUCPVÃCXGE
FŏCWVTGUCURGEVUFWU[UVÂOGEWNVWTGNNGU
FKHHÃTGPVGU RJKNQUQRJKGU EQPEGTPCPV NC
UCPVÃGVNGUUQKPUFGUCPVÃGVNGUFKXGTUGU
%QNHGT&QWPKCUGV(TQOGPV SWGFGUCEVKXKVÃUXKUCPV´RTQOQWXQKTNG
CRRTQEJGU FG NC UCPVÃ GV FG NC OCNC-
die existant dans les forêts du monde.
3WCPFQPUGRTÃQEEWRGFWOCKPVKGPFG
NC UCPVÃ JWOCKPG KN EQPXKGPV FG RTÄ-
VGTCVVGPVKQP CWZ KPVGTCEVKQPU GPVTG NGU
0CVUWJCTCGV GWFGUGHHGVUPQEKHUUWTNCUCPVÃFGEGWZ
RQRWNCVKQPUHQTGUVKÂTGUNGWTUEWNVWTGUGV
NGWTUHQTÄVU.QTUSWGNŏCNKOGPVCVKQPNGU
rituels, les soins de santé, les abris et les
U[UVÂOGUÃEQPQOKSWGUGVRQNKVKSWGUFGU
RQRWNCVKQPUQPVVQWLQWTUÃVÃKPVKOGOGPV
liés aux forêts, la déforestation a des
EQPUÃSWGPEGUPÃICVKXGUPQPUGWNGOGPV
UWT NGWT UVCVWV UQEKQÃEQPQOKSWG OCKU
aussi sur leur santé mentale.
# WPG ÃEJGNNG RNWU INQDCNG NC RTQ-
VGEVKQP FG NC FKXGTUKVÃ EWNVWTGNNG RGWV
ÄVTG WPG ICTCPVKG EQPVTG NC FQOKPCPEG
GPRCTVKEWNKGTNŏGZRNQKVCVKQPHQTGUVKÂTG NGU EQOOWPCWVÃU
%QNHGT  OQP-
GZEGUUKXG FGU OQFÂNGU EWNVWTGNU QEEK-
FGPVCWZ Ō UQWXGPV UVKIOCVKUÃU EQOOG
%QNHGT RCTVKEKRCVKXGUUQPVNGURNWUFKTGEVGUGVNGU
ÃVCPVIQWXGTPÃURCTNGUVTGUUGVOCWXCKU
RQWTNCUCPVÃCWUUKDKGPRJ[UKSWGSWG
OGPVCNG
XQKT1ŏ$TKGPFCPUEGPWOÃTQ 3WŏCVQP C CRRTKU FG RCTVKEWNKGT UWT
.GU EQPPCKUUCPEGU NQECNGU UWT NGU CNK-
OGPVUGVNGURNCPVGUOÃFKEKPCNGURGWXGPV
ÄVTG ÃXCNWÃGU CHKP FG FÃVGTOKPGT NGWT
XCNGWTRQVGPVKGNNGRQWTFŏCWVTGUEWNVWTGU
5JCPNG[GV.W\GV
%GUEQPPCKUUCPEGURGWXGPVFQPPGTCWZ
RQRWNCVKQPUHQTGUVKÂTGUWPGRNWUITCPFG
&QWPKCUet al.OCKU
EQPHKCPEGGPGNNGUDÃPÃHKSWGRQWTNGWT
santé mentale.
.GURTQLGVUFGFÃXGNQRRGOGPVQPVUQW-
XGPV GW FGU GHHGVU ´ NC HQKU PÃICVKHU GV
RQUKVKHU UWT NC UCPVÃ FGU RQRWNCVKQPU
RCTGZGORNGGPTÃFWKUCPVNGWTCEEÂUCWZ
VGTTGUHQTGUVKÂTGUGVCWZCNKOGPVUPÃEGU-
UCKTGU´NCUWDUKUVCPEGGVGPOGVVCPVNGU
RQRWNCVKQPU KPFKIÂPGU GP EQPVCEV CXGE
FGUOCNCFKGUGVFGUEWNVWTGUPQWXGNNGU
#KPUKFGUTGETWFGUEGPEGUFGNCNGKUJOC-
PKQUGQPVÃVÃNKÃGU´NCFÃHQTGUVCVKQPCWZ
OKITCVKQPUGVCWFÃXGNQRRGOGPVCITKEQNG
FCPU NGU TÃIKQPU FG Nŏ#OC\QPKG GV FW
Nil (Patz et al.WPGCWIOGPVC-
Unasylva224_french.indb 8
8
VKQPURGEVCEWNCKTGFGNCUEJKUVQUQOKCUG
C ÃVÃ QDUGTXÃG CW )JCPC KOOÃFKCVG-
OGPVCRTÂUNCEQPUVTWEVKQPFGDCT-
TCIGU
8+*GVCW5+&#CCWIOGPVÃNGNQPIFG
NŏCZGCWVQTQWVKGTPKIÃTKCP
%CNFYGNN GV %CNFYGNN  GV FGU
VCWZ FG OGTEWTG RTÃQEEWRCPVU QPV ÃVÃ
UKIPCNÃUEJG\FGUGPHCPVUXKXCPV´RTQZK-
OKVÃ FŏWPG OKPG FŏQT GZRNQKVÃG CWZ
2JKNKRRKPGU
nutritionnel dans le Kalimantan oriental,
GP+PFQPÃUKGUŏGUVFÃVÃTKQTÃGPRNWUKGWTU
ÃVCRGU SWCPF NG nFÃXGNQRRGOGPV€ GUV
CTTKXÃ
FCPU EG PWOÃTQ .ŏGZRQUKVKQP ´ FGU
EWNVWTGUÃVTCPIÂTGUCRCTHQKUCRRQTVÃFGU
RTQDNÂOGUUQEKCWZEQOOGNCRTQUVKVW-
VKQPNŏCNEQQNKUOGNGUVTGUUGVNGUVTQW-
DNGUFŏQTFTGCNKOGPVCKTG
1JVUWMC)TCEG[
CONCLUSIONS ET VOIES À SUIVRE
.ŏGZCOGP FW %+(14 C FÃDQWEJÃ UWT
RNWUKGWTUTGEQOOCPFCVKQPUURÃEKHKSWGU
´ NŏKPVGPVKQP FGU RGTUQPPGU GV GPVKVÃU
SWKCIKUUGPVUWTNGVGTTCKP´UCXQKTNGU
RTQHGUUKQPPGNUFGNCUCPVÃNGUHQTGUVKGTU
NGUCIGPVUFGFÃXGNQRRGOGPVNGUTGURQP-
UCDNGUFGNCIGUVKQPFGUTGUUQWTEGUPCVW-
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Bibliographie
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