PSC I Girder Design by IRC Code (Old)

Date: 15-07-2020 Note No.
By: SLS Sheet No.
Design of PSC I Girder DEVELOPED BY: SUKALYAN SARKAR
Bridge: 40 m Span (Single) Two Lane Bridge with Foothpath

NOTE:
1. This excel sheet does not take help of any software.
2. Input only in yellow cells.
0.4 10 10 10 10 0.4
m m m m m m
End Cross Girder
40 m
Intermediate cross
550 50 50 550 girders
mm 1500 mm 7500 mm mm 1500 mm
mm mm Crash Barrier
275
mm
2500 mm
2600 2600 2600

mm mm mm
11700 mm
TRANSVERSE SECTION AT INTERMEDIATE CROSS GIRDER
STEP 1: DIMENSIONING
As per Cl-9.3.1.4 of IRC:18-2000,
Minimum number of longitudinal girders = 3
Number of longitudinal girders provided = 4 >=3, OK.
Number of end cross girders = 2
Number of intermediate cross girders = 3
As per Cl-9.3.1.3 of IRC:18-2000,
Minimum thickness of deck = 200 mm
Thickness of deck provided = 250 mm >=200 mm, OK.
As per Cl-9.3.1.1 of IRC:18-2000,
Minimum web thickness = 200 mm + diameter of duct hole
Diameter of duct hole provided = 100 mm
Minimum web thickness (bw,min) = 200+100

= 300 mm
By: SLS Sheet No.
Web thickness provided (bw,pro) = 300 mm >=bw,min, OK.
As per Cl-9.4 of IRC:18-2000,
Thickness of cross girder >= Minimum web thickness
Thickness of intermediate cross girders provided = 300 mm >=bw,min, OK.
Thickness of end cross girders provided = 450 mm >=bw,min, OK.
All the longitudinal girders are designed as T sections.
As per Cl-305.15.2 of IRC:21-2000,
[actual flange width = spacing of girders]
Effective width of flange (be) <= 300+((40*1000)/5) or 2600 mm

= 8300 mm or 2600 mm
= 2600 mm
As per Cl-305.15.3 of IRC:21-2000,
Width of bottom bulb <= 4*300

= 1200 mm
Number of cables to be accomodated in one layer = 5 (initial assumption)

By: SLS Sheet No.
Assumed diameter of cables = 75 mm
Spacing of cables provided = 2*75

150 mm
Minimum clear edge distance = 75 mm
Edge distance of cables provided = 75+(75/2)

= 112.5 mm
≈ 115 mm
115 4@ 115
mm 150 mm mm
Width of bottom bulb provided = 115+(4*150)+115

= 830 mm <=4bw, OK.
The effective T-section becomes:
2600 mm 2600 mm
250 250 mm
mm
Yt Yt
3000 mm 300 mm 3000 mm

Yb Yb
142.95 °>=110°, OK.
200
mm
250
mm
830 mm 830
mm
AT SPAN NEAR SUPPORT
Properties obtained from STAAD Section Wizard or AutoCAD or excel spreadsheet:

AT SPAN NEAR SUPPORT
A (mm2) 1660500 2932500
Yb (mm) 1828.12 1707.5
Yt (mm) 1171.88 1292.5
Zb (mm3) 1.047E+09 1.511E+09
Zt (mm3) 1.633E+09 1.996E+09
I (mm4) 1.914E+12 2.580E+12
STEP 2: CALCULATION OF LOADS
Unit weight of structural concrete = 25 kN/m3
2.1] Dead Loads:
Self weight of longitudinal girders at mid span = 1660500*25/10^6

= 41.513 kN/m
By: SLS Sheet No.
Self weight of longitudinal girders at support = 2932500*25/10^6

= 73.313 kN/m
Portion of deck slab not covered in flange = (11700-(4*2600))*250*25/10^6

= 8.125 kN/m
This load being symmetrical should be equally divided in all the girders.
Load of portion of deck slab not covered in flange per girder = 8.125/4
= 2.031 kN/m
Intermediate cross girder = ((2600*(4-1))+(2*830/2)-(4*300))*2500*300*25/10^9

= 139.313 kN
Load of intermediate cross girder per girder = 139.313/4

= 34.828 kN as point load on longitudinal girders.
34.828 34.828 34.828

kN kN kN
550 50 50 550
mm 1500 mm 7500 mm mm 1500 mm
mm mm
275
mm
2500 mm
210 210
mm 2600 2600 2600 mm
mm mm mm
11700 mm
TRANSVERSE SECTION AT END CROSS GIRDER
Intermediate cross girder = ((2600*(4-1))+(2*830/2)+(210+210)-(4*830))*2500*450*25/10^9

= 161.156 kN
Load of end cross girder per girder = 161.156/4

= 40.289 kN as point load on longitudinal girders.
By: SLS Sheet No.
40.289 kN 40.289 kN
Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL):
Unit weight of non-structural concrete = 24 kN/m3
RCC crash barrier = 9.5 kN/m on each edge = 9.5*2

= 19 kN/m
300
mm
275 mm
KERB
RCC kerb = 300*275*24/10^6

= 1.98 kN/m on each side = 1.98*2
= 3.96 kN/m
75
1175 mm mm
Footpath precast slab = 1175*75*24/10^6

= 2.115 kN/m on each side = 2.115*2
= 4.23 kN/m
Provision for service load = 1 kN/m on each side = 1*2

= 2 kN/m
By: SLS Sheet No.
Average thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Unit weight of wearing coat = 22 kN/m3
Wearing coat = 75*7500*22/10^6

= 12.375 kN/m
Total SIDL = 19+3.96+4.23+2+12.375

= 41.565 kN/m
Since longitudinal girders are connected through 5 cross girders and deck slab and loads are placed
symmetrically; the SIDL would be shared equally by all the 4 girders.
SIDL per girder = 41.565/4

= 10.391 kN/m
Calculation of bending moment due to dead load (per girder):
[a] Self weight of girder with constant section:
A B 41.513+2.031
= 43.544 kN/m
0.4 40 m 0.4
m m
RA = (43.544*(40+0.4+0.4))/2 RB = (43.544*(40+0.4+0.4))-888.293
888.293 kN 888.293 kN
At L/2, B.M. at mid span = (888.293*40/2)-(43.544*((40/2)+0.4)^2/2)

= 8705.2665 kN-m
At 3L/8, B.M. at 15 m from support = (888.293*15)-(43.544*(15+0.4)^2/2)

= 8160.970 kN-m
At L/4, B.M. at 10 m from support = (888.293*10)-(43.544*10^2/2)

= 6705.738 kN-m
At L/8, B.M. at 5 m from support = (888.293*5)-(43.544*5^2/2)

= 3897.166 kN-m
[b] Web flaring near support:
400 2500 mm 2500 mm

mm
By: SLS Sheet No.
(400+2500)/1000 73.313-41.513
= 2.9 m 2.5 m = 31.800 kN/m
0.4 2.5
m m
40 m
A B
R A = RB = (2.9*31.800)+(2.5*31.800/2)
= 131.97 kN
At L/2, B.M. at mid span = (131.97*40/2)-(31.800*((40/2)-(2.9/2))*2.9)-(31.800*2.5*((40/2)-2.5-(2.5/3))/2)

= 266.219 kN-m
At 3L/8, B.M. at 15 m from support = 266.219 kN-m
At L/4, B.M. at 10 m from support = 266.219 kN-m
At L/8, B.M. at 5 m from support = 266.219 kN-m
[c] Due to cross girders:
40.289 34.828 34.828 34.828 40.289 in kN

10 10 10 10 in m
40 m
RA RB
R A = RB = (40.289+34.828+34.828+34.828+40.289)/2
= 92.531 kN
At L/2, B.M. at mid span = (92.531*40/2)-(34.828*10)-(40.289*(10+10))

= 696.563 kN-m
At 3L/8, B.M. at 15 m from support = (92.531*15)-(34.828*(15-10))-(40.289*15)

= 609.492 kN-m
At L/4, B.M. at 10 m from support = (92.531*10)-(40.289*10)

= 522.422 kN-m
At L/8, B.M. at 5 m from support = (92.531*5)-(40.289*5)

= 261.211 kN-m
By: SLS Sheet No.
DEAD LOAD BENDING MOMENT:
At L/2 At 3L/8 At L/4 At L/8

Self weight of girder with constant section 8705.267 8160.970 6705.738 3897.166
Web flaring near support 266.219 266.219 266.219 266.219
Due to cross girders 696.563 609.492 522.422 261.211
TOTAL 9668.048 9036.681 7494.378 4424.596
[d] Due to superimposed dead load (SIDL):
Computed in proportion to self weight of girder = 10.391/43.544

= 0.239
At L/2, B.M. at mid span = 8705.267*0.239

= 2077.419 kN-m
At 3L/8, B.M. at 15 m from support = 8160.970*0.239

= 1947.528 kN-m
At L/4, B.M. at 10 m from support = 6705.738*0.239

= 1600.253 kN-m

= 930.017 kN-m
2.2] Footpath Live Load:
Footpath live load intensity is calculated as per Cl-206.3 of IRC-6:2016:
P' = 400 kg/m2

L= 40 m
W= 1.5 m
By: SLS Sheet No.
Live load = P(kg/m2) = (400-260+(4800/40))*((16.5-1.5)/15)

= 260 kg/m2
= 2.6 kN/m2
UDL due to footpath live load = 2.6*1.5

= 3.9 kN/m
CASE - I: One side foothpath loaded
FPLL is carried by external girder.
Load on each external girder = 3.9*1

= 3.9 kN/m
CASE - II: Both side foothpath loaded
FPLL is carried equally by all the 4 girders.
Load on each external girder = 3.9*2/4

= 1.95 kN/m
Calculation of bending moment due to FPLL (per girder):
[a] External girder i.e. for one side foothpath loaded:
3.9 kN/m
40 m

= 0.090
At L/2, B.M. at mid span = 8705.267*0.090

= 779.688 kN-m

= 730.938 kN-m

= 600.600 kN-m

= 349.050 kN-m
By: SLS Sheet No.
[b] Internal girder i.e. for both sides foothpath loaded:
1.95 kN/m
40 m

= 0.045
At L/2, B.M. at mid span = 8705.267*0.045

= 389.844 kN-m

= 365.469 kN-m

= 300.300 kN-m

= 174.525 kN-m
2.3] Analysis for Live Load:
APPROACH - I
Types of live loads considered as per IRC-6:2016 are:
1. Class 70R Wheeled Vehicle

2. Class A two lanes
In the transverse direction the live load is placed in most eccentric position and symmetrically about centre line of carriageway.
In the longitudinal direction loads are placed so as to cause maximum BM/SF at the section considered.
For transverse distribution of loads among the longitudinal 4 girders for the purpose of calculation of
BM & SF due to loads placed more than 5.5 m away from support, Courbon's method is used.
For distribution of shear force to longitudinal girders due consideration is also given to Clause 305.12.2 of IRC-21:2000, according to which
for loads at or within 5.5 m of either supports the reaction on the longitudinal beams shall be greater of the results obtained by assuming
deck slab as continuous with the supports assumed as un-yielding and Courbon's method.
APPROACH - II
Analysis is done by grid analysis/grillage analysis with standard (STAAD) computer program.
[This report includes only Approach I.]

By: SLS Sheet No.
2.3.1] Maximum BM @ Mid Span:
(a) CG of loads 55.4 T

9.125 m = 554 kN
2.7 T 11.4 T 6.8 T
14.45 1.1 3.2 1.25 4.3 3 3 3 in m

C
A 3.575 m 16.425 m B
L/2 = 20 m 20 m
CL
CLASS - A - 2 LANES
RA = 554*16.425/(20+20)
= 227.486 kN [Placing the 11.4 T load marked as C at mid span.]
At L/2, B.M. at mid span = (227.486*20)-((11.4*10)*1.25)-((2.7*10)*(3.2+1.25))-((2.7*10)*(1.1+3.2+1.25))

= 4137.225 kN-m
L= 40 m
Impact factor = 4.5/(6+40)

= 0.0978
i.e. 9.783 %
BM including impact = 4137.225*(1+0.0978)

= 4541.95353 kN-m
For 2 lanes of Class A, BM = 4541.9535*2

= 9083.90707 kN-m [THIS IS TOTAL MOMENT.]
By: SLS Sheet No.
(b) CG of loads 100 T

8.28 m = 1000 kN
12 T 17 T
8 T
11.02 3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37 in m
C
A 0.67 m B
20 m L/2 = 20 m
19.3 m 0.7 m
CL
CLASS 70R WHEELED VEHICLE
RB = 1000*19.3/(20+20)
= 482.5 kN [Placing the 17 T load marked as C at mid span.]
At L/2, B.M. at mid span = (482.5*20)-((17*10)*3.05)-((17*10)*(1.37+3.05))

= 8380.1 kN-m
As per Fig.-9 of IRC:6-2016,
Impact factor = 9%
BM including impact = 8380.1*(1+(9/100))

2.3.2] Maximum BM @ 3L/8:

9.125 m = 554 kN
2.7 T 11.4 T 6.8 T
9.45 1.1 3.2 1.25 4.3 3 3 3 in m

C
A 3.575 m 21.425 m B
3L/8 = 15 m 25 m
CLASS - A - 2 LANES
By: SLS Sheet No.
RA = 554*21.425/(15+25)
= 296.736 kN [Placing the 11.4 T load marked as C at 3L/8.]
At 3L/8, B.M. = (296.736*15)-((11.4*10)*1.25)-((2.7*10)*(3.2+1.25))-((2.7*10)*(1.1+3.2+1.25))

= 4038.54375 kN-m
L= 40 m

= 0.0978
i.e. 9.783 %

= 4433.61868 kN-m


8.28 m = 1000 kN
12 T 17 T
8 T
16.02 3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37 in m
C
A 0.67 m B
25 m 3L/8 = 15 m
24.3 m 0.7 m
RB = 1000*24.3/(15+25)
= 607.5 kN [Placing the 17 T load marked as C at 3L/8.]
At 3L/8, B.M. = (607.5*15)-((17*10)*3.05)-((17*10)*(1.37+3.05))

= 7842.6 kN-m
By: SLS Sheet No.
Impact factor = 9%

2.3.3] Maximum BM @ L/4:

9.125 m = 554 kN
2.7 T 11.4 T 6.8 T
4.45 1.1 3.2 1.25 4.3 3 3 3 in m

C
A 3.575 m 26.425 m B
L/4 = 10 m 30 m
CLASS - A - 2 LANES
RA = 554*26.425/(10+30)
= 365.986 kN [Placing the 11.4 T load marked as C at L/4.]
At L/4, B.M. = (365.986*10)-((11.4*10)*1.25)-((2.7*10)*(3.2+1.25))-((2.7*10)*(1.1+3.2+1.25))

= 3247.3625 kN-m

By: SLS Sheet No.
L= 40 m

= 0.0978
i.e. 9.783 %

= 3565.03927 kN-m


8.28 m = 1000 kN
12 T 17 T
8 T
21.02 3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37 in m
C
A 0.67 m B
30 m L/4 = 10 m
29.3 m 0.7 m

RB = 1000*29.3/(10+30)
= 732.5 kN [Placing the 17 T load marked as C at L/4.]
At L/4, B.M. = (732.5*10)-((17*10)*3.05)-((17*10)*(1.37+3.05))

= 6055.1 kN-m

By: SLS Sheet No.

Impact factor = 9%

2.3.4] Maximum BM @ L/8:

9.125 m = 554 kN
2.7 T 11.4 T 6.8 T
0.7 1.1 3.2 1.25 4.3 3 3 3 in m

C
A 3.575 m 30.175 m B
L/8 = 5m 35 m
CLASS - A - 2 LANES
RA = 554*30.175/(5+35)
= 417.924 kN [Placing the 11.4 T load marked as C at L/8.]
At L/8, B.M. = (417.924*5)-((2.7*10)*3.2)-((2.7*10)*(1.1+3.2))

= 1887.11875 kN-m
L= 40 m

= 0.0978
i.e. 9.783 %

= 2071.72819 kN-m

By: SLS Sheet No.

8.28 m = 1000 kN
12 T 17 T
8 T
21.6 3.96 1.52 2.13 1.37 3.05 1.37 in m
C
A 0.67 m B
35 m L/8 = 5m
29.88 m 0.7 m

RB = 1000*29.88/(5+35)
= 747 kN [Placing the 17 T load marked as C at L/8.]
At L/8, B.M. = (747*5)

= 3735 kN-m
Impact factor = 9%
BM including impact = 3735*(1+(9/100))

By: SLS Sheet No.
2.4] Live load position in transverse direction:
2.4.1] Class - A - 2 lanes:
(a) Placed at maximum eccentricity w.r.t. centre line of carriageway:
CG of loads, W
7.5 m
0.4
m 1.8 1.7 1.8 m
2.6 m 2.6 m 2.6 m

0.15 m e = 0.7
m 11.7 m
CL OF CARRIAGEWAY
As per Courbon's method for estimating distribution of live load among longitudinal girders, the transverse distribution of the load W
among the various longitudinal beams will be such that the reaction on the longitudinal beam is equal to:-
Where x1 = the distance of that beam from the centroid of longitudinal beams.
Σx2 = sum of the squares of the distances of various longitudinal beams from the centroid.
n = number of longitudinal girders.
e = eccentricity of load W with respect to centroid of longitudinal beams.
Maximum load on external girder =

((1/4)+(0.7*(2.6+(2.6/2))/(((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+
((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)))) W
= 0.331 W
Maximum load on internal girder =

((1/4)+(0.7*(2.6/2))/(((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+
((2.6+(2.6/2))^2))) W
= 0.277 W
(b) Placed at concentrically w.r.t. centre line of carriageway:

CG of loads, W
7.5 m
1.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 m
2.6 m 2.6 m 2.6 m

0.15 m
11.7 m
CL OF CARRIAGEWAY
By: SLS Sheet No.
e = eccentricity = 0m

((1/4)+(0*(2.6+(2.6/2))/(((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+
((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)))) W
= 0.250 W

((1/4)+(0*(2.6/2))/(((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+
((2.6+(2.6/2))^2))) W
= 0.250 W
2.4.2] Class - 70R(W) Vehicle:
(a) Placed at maximum eccentricity w.r.t. centre line of carriageway:
CG of loads, W
7.5 m
1.63 1.93 m
2.6 m 2.6 m 2.6 m

0.15 m e= 1.155 m
11.7 m
CL OF CARRIAGEWAY

((1/4)+(1.155*(2.6+(2.6/2))/(((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+
((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)))) W
= 0.383 W
Maximum load on internal girder = ((1/4)+(1.155*(2.6/2))/(((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+

((2.6+(2.6/2))^2))) W
= 0.294 W
(b) Placed at concentrically w.r.t. centre line of carriageway:
CG of loads, W
7.5 m
2.785 m 1.93 m
2.6 m 2.6 m 2.6 m

0.15 m
11.7 m
CL OF CARRIAGEWAY
e = eccentricity = 0m
By: SLS Sheet No.

((1/4)+(0*(2.6+(2.6/2))/(((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+
((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)))) W
= 0.250 W

((1/4)+(0*(2.6/2))/(((2.6+(2.6/2))^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+((2.6/2)^2)+
((2.6+(2.6/2))^2))) W
= 0.250 W
2.5.1] Bending Moment due to Live Load including impact:
EG: External Girder IG: Internal Girder
BM at (in kN-m) L/2 3L/8 L/4 L/8

Sl. No. Load Case EG IG EG IG EG IG EG IG
.331W .277W .331W .277W .331W .277W .331W .277W
CLASS A 2 LANES AT
1 MAX. ECCENTRIC
POSITION 3004.677 2515.543 2933.009 2455.543 2358.411 1974.483 1370.528 1147.419
.25W .25W .25W .25W .25W .25W .25W .25W

2 CLASS A 2 LANES AT
CONCENTRIC POSITION 2270.977 2270.977 2216.809 2216.809 1782.520 1782.520 1035.864 1035.864
.383W .294W .383W .294W .383W .294W .383W .294W

CLASS 70R WHEELED AT
3 MAX. ECCENTRIC
POSITION 3500.900 2689.351 3276.352 2516.856 2529.600 1943.210 1560.347 1198.641
.25W .25W .25W .25W .25W .25W .25W .25W

4 CLASS 70R WHEELED AT
CONCENTRIC POSITION 2283.577 2283.577 2137.109 2137.109 1650.015 1650.015 1017.788 1017.788
MAXIMUM CASES 3500.900 2689.351 3276.352 2516.856 2529.600 1974.483 1560.347 1198.641
2.5.2] Summary of Bending Moment:
BM at (in kN-m) L/2 3L/8 L/4 L/8

Sl. No. Load Case EG IG EG IG EG IG EG IG
1 DEAD LOAD OF 9668.048 9668.048 9036.681 9036.681 7494.378 7494.378 4424.596 4424.596
GIRDERS (DL)
2 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD 2077.419 2077.419 1947.528 1947.528 1600.253 1600.253 930.017 930.017
LOAD (SIDL)
3 FOOTPATH LIVE LOAD 779.688 389.844 730.938 365.469 600.600 300.300 349.050 174.525
(FPLL)
4 LIVE LOAD (LL) 3500.900 2689.351 3276.352 2516.856 2529.600 1974.483 1560.347 1198.641
TOTAL 16026.054 14824.662 14991.499 13866.534 12224.830 11369.414 7264.009 6727.778
STEP 3: MATERIAL
Girders are designed as pre-stressed member, so materials used are:
a) High Strength Concrete - M 60
b) High Tensile Steel

By: SLS Sheet No.
3.1] Concrete Permissible Stresses: (Refer Clause 7.0 of IRC-18:2000)
3.1.1] Temporary stress (i.e. At transfer) in concrete after accounting for all losses except due to relaxation of steel, residual shrinkage &
creep of concrete:
a) As per Clause 7.1.2 of IRC-18:2000,
fcj = strength of concrete at jth day

fct = 0.5fcj <= 20 Mpa
b) As per Clause 7.1.4 of IRC-18:2000,
Temporary tensile stress in concrete = 10% of f ct = ftt
Strength of concrete at jth day is obtained as follows: (Refer Design of Prestressed Concrete, Volume 1 by Greyson)
Rj = R7(2.93-(1.77/(logj)^(1/2)))
where Rj is the concrete strength of jth day after casting and R 7 is calculated by:
R7 = R28/(2.93-(1.77/(log28)^(1/2)))
Here R28= 60 N/mm2
R7 = 60/(2.93-(1.77/(LOG(28,10))^(1/2)))
= 41.134 N/mm2
For j = 10 days
R10 = 41.134*(2.93-(1.77/(LOG(10,10))^(1/2)))
= 47.715 N/mm2 = fcj = fct
fcj/fck = 0.79525
= 79.525 %
i.e. fcj = 79.525 % fck at 10 days
Ecj = 5700√fcj
= 5700*SQRT(47.715)
= 39373.46 N/mm2 at 10 days
By: SLS Sheet No.
Now fct at 10 days = 0.5fcj <= 20 N/mm2

= 0.5*47.715 N/mm2 <= 20 N/mm2
= 23.858 N/mm2 <= 20 N/mm2
= 20.000 N/mm2
ftt = 10% of fct at 10 days

= 0.1*20.000
= 2.000 N/mm2
For j = 28 days
R28 = 41.134*(2.93-(1.77/(LOG(28,10))^(1/2)))
= 60.000 N/mm2 = fcj = fct
fcj/fck = 1.00000
= 100.000 %
i.e. fcj = 100.000 % fck at 28 days
Ecj = 5700√fcj
= 5700*SQRT(60.000)
= 44152.01 N/mm2 at 28 days
Now fct at 28 days = 0.5fcj <= 20 N/mm2

= 0.5*60.000 N/mm2 <= 20 N/mm2
= 30.000 N/mm2 <= 20 N/mm2
= 20.000 N/mm2
ftt = 10% of fct at 28 days

= 0.1*20.000
= 2.000 N/mm2
Days fct (N/mm2) ftt (N/mm2)
10 20.000 2.000
28 20.000 2.000
3.1.2] At service stage:
a) As per Clause 7.2.1 of IRC-18:2000,
fcw = 0.33*60
= 19.8 N/mm2
b) As per Clause 7.2.2 of IRC-18:2000,

By: SLS Sheet No.
ftw = 0 N/mm2
fcw
Days (N/mm2) ftw (N/mm )
2
28 19.800 0.000
Modulus of Elasticity:
As per Clause 10.2 of IRC-18:2000,
Ec (28) = 5700*SQRT(60.000)
= 44152.01 N/mm2
Ec (10) = 5700*SQRT(47.715)
= 39373.46 N/mm2
It is targeted to have two stages of prestressing,

1. one at 10 th day
2. and the other is at 28 th day
3.1] High Tensile Steel: (Prestressing Steel)
Type of prestressing: Internal bonded post tensioning
a) Maximum jack end pressure shall not exceed

= 90 % of ( 85 % of Ultimate Tensile Strength)
= 0.765 of UTS
It is proposed to use 12 T 15 low relaxation HTS strands (stress relieved).
As per Table 2 of IS-14628:1995,

By: SLS Sheet No.
Nominal diameter of strand = 15.2 mm
Nominal area of strand = 140 mm2
Breaking strength of the strand (UTS) = 260.7 kN
Number of strands per cable = 12
Breaking strength of the cable (UTS) = 12*260.7

= 3128.4 kN
one strand diameter = 15.2 mm
12 nos. 15.2 mm diameter strands
85 mm
Jacking end force = 0.765*3128.4

= 2393.226 kN
b) Other properties (Refer IRC-18:2000)
As per Table 1 of IRC-18:2000,
Modulus of elasticity of steel in strand = 195000 N/mm2

By: SLS Sheet No.
Type of duct or sheath: Galvanized
As per Table 5 of IRC-18:2000,
Wobble coefficient = k = 0.0046 /m
Friction coefficient = μ = 0.2
Average slip = 6 mm
Cables are stressed from both the ends.
c) It is proposed to stress the cables in 2 stages:
Stage - I: at 10 th day after casting of cast-in-situ girder and deck slab.
Stage - II: at 28 th day after casting of girder and deck. SIDL is placed after 2nd stage stressing.
STEP 4: DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM REQUIRED PRESTRESSING FORCE AND LIMITING ZONE FOR THE PRESTRESSING FORCES (i.e.
ECCENTRICITY OF PRESTRESSING CABLES)
As mentioned earlier, permissible stresses in concrete:
at transfer, fct = 20.000 N/mm2 & ftt = 2.000 N/mm2

at service, fcw = 19.800 N/mm & ftw =
2
0.000 N/mm2
By: SLS Sheet No.
Assume losses:
For the purpose of determining tentative prestressing forces, losses as assumed are:
Instantaneous loss due to elastic shortening, anchorage slip & friction loss = 12 %
Long term loss due to creep in concrete, shrinkage & steel relaxation = 15 %
P = prestressing force after instantaneous loss
ɳ = reduction factor for prestressing force or loss ratio at working load

= 1-(15/100)
= 0.85
= 85 %
Four fundamental conditions for stresses: [Refer to Chapter 12 of Prestressed Concrete by N. Krishna Raju]
ftop = (P/A)-(Pe/zt) ɳ((P/A)-(Pe/zt)) Mg/zt Mq/zt

+ +
+ +
e
- -
fbott = (P/A)+(Pe/zb) ɳ((P/A)+(Pe/zb)) Mg/zb Mq/zb
Section Initial prestress Prestress after loss Dead load stress SIDL & Live load stress
At transfer:
Top fibres: ftop+(Mg/zt) = (P/A)-(Pe/zt)+(Mg/zt) >= ftt ------------------------------------------ (i)
Bottom fibres: fbott-(Mg/zb) = (P/A)+(Pe/zb)-(Mg/zb) <= fct ----------------------------------- (ii)
At working load:
Top fibres: ɳftop+(Mg/zt)+(Mq/zt) = (ɳP/A)-(ɳPe/zt)+(Mg/zt)+(Mq/zt) <= fcw --------------- (iii)
Bottom fibres: ɳfbott-(Mg/zb)-(Mq/zb) = (ɳP/A)+(ɳPe/zb)-(Mg/zb)-(Mq/zb) >= ftw --------- (iv)
ftop = (P/A)-(Pe/zt) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (v)
fbott = (P/A)+(Pe/zb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (vi)
From the sectional properties at mid section:
A= 1660500 mm2
zb = 1.047E+09 mm3 (bottom)
zt = 1.633E+09 mm3 (top)
At mid section of exterior girder,
Mg = BM due to DL = 9668.048 kN-m

By: SLS Sheet No.
Mq = BM due to SIDL & LL = 2077.419+779.688+3500.900

= 6358.006 kN-m
From Eq. (i),
ftop+(Mg/zt) >= ftt
or, ftop >= ftt - (Mg/zt)
Required minimum ftop = ftt - (Mg/zt)

= -2.000-((9668.048*10^6)/(1.633E+09))
= -7.920 N/mm2
From Eq. (iv),
ɳfbott-(Mg/zb)-(Mq/zb) >= ftw
or, ɳfbott >= ftw + (Mg/zb) + (Mq/zb)
or, ɳfbott >= ftw + ((Mg + Mq)/zb)
or, fbott >= (1/ɳ)*(ftw + ((Mg + Mq)/zb))
Required minimum fbott = (1/ɳ)*(ftw + ((Mg + Mq)/zb))

= (1/0.85)*(0.000+((9668.048+6358.006)*10^6/1.047E+09))
= 18.008 N/mm2
Now, eliminating "e" from equations (v) & (vi),
(v)*zt + (vi)*zb gives,
zt*ftop + zb*fbottom = (zt*P/A) + (zb*P/A)

= (P/A)*(zt + zb)
or, P = A*(zt*ftop + zb*fbottom)/(zt + zb) = Minimum prestressing force
Minimum prestressing force, P = 1660500*((18.008*1.047E+09)+(-7.920*1.633E+09))/(1.047E+09+1.633E+09)

= 3.668E+06 N
= 3668.053 kN
Similarly, eliminating "e" from equations (v) & (vi),
From Eq. (v),
ftop = (P/A)-(Pe/zt) = P((1/A)-(e/zt))
or, P = ftop/((1/A)-(e/zt)) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- (vii)
From Eq. (vi),
fbott = (P/A)+(Pe/zb) = P((1/A)+(e/zb))

By: SLS Sheet No.
or, P = fbott/((1/A)+(e/zb)) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- (viii)
From (vii) & (viii),
ftop/((1/A)-(e/zt)) = fbott/((1/A)+(e/zb))
or, ftop*((1/A)+(e/zb)) = fbott*((1/A)-(e/zt))
or, ftop*(1/A) + ftop*(e/zb) = fbott*(1/A) - fbott*(e/zt)
or, ftop*(1/A) - fbott*(1/A) = - fbott*(e/zt) - ftop*(e/zb)
or, (1/A)*(fbott - ftop) = e*((fbott/zt) + (ftop/zb))

= e*((fbott*zb) + (ftop*zt))/(zt*zb)
or, e = (zt*zb)*(fbott - ftop)/(A*((fbott*zb) + (ftop*zt)))
e= (1.633E+09*1.047E+09)*(18.008--7.920)/1660500/((-7.920*1.633E+09)+(18.008*1.047E+09))
= 4509.573 mm
4509.573 mm = e 1828.12 mm = Yb
So, e >= Yb
This eccentricity is not practically possible.
Therefore, prestressing force is to be increased so that the bottom fibre stress is maintained with possible eccentricity.
Possible eccentricity:
Try with 6 nos. 12 T 15 cable
Diameter of a cable = 85 mm
Minimum spacing of cable = 2*85

= 170 mm c/c
Minimum clear edge distance = 75 mm

By: SLS Sheet No.
Edge distance of cable = 75+(85/2)

= 117.5 mm
170
mm
117.5 mm
117.5 117.5 mm
mm 830 mm
No. of cables possible in bottom layer = ((830-117.5-117.5)/170)+1

= 4.5
≈ 4
No. Of cables in top layer = 2
Arrange 6 cables like below:
170 mm
117.5 mm
117.5
mm 170
mm 117.5 mm
830 mm
C.G. from bottom = ((4*117.5)+(2*(170+117.5)))/(4+2)

= 174.167 mm
Possible e = 1828.12-174.167
= 1653.953 mm
fbott = (P/A)+(Pe/zb) = P*((1/A)+(e/zb)) = P*(zb+(A*e))/(A*zb)
or, P = fbott*A*zb/(zb+(A*e))
P= 18.008*1660500*1.047E+09/(1.047E+09+(1660500*1653.953))
= 8253138.3 N
= 8253.1383 kN (After assumed instantaneous loss of prestress of 12 %)
Minimum jack end force required = 8253.138/(1-(12/100))

= 9378.56629 kN
Jacking end force of each cable = 2393.226 kN ( 0.765 *UTS)
No. of cables required = 9378.5663/2393.226

= 3.919
≈ 5
Try with 5 nos. 12 T 15 cable
Arrange 5 cables like below:

By: SLS Sheet No.
170 mm
117.5 mm
117.5
mm 170
mm 117.5 mm
830 mm
Total jack end force = 5*2393.226

= 11966.13 kN
Prestressing force after initial (instantaneous) loss of prestressing force at the mid section = P
P= 0.88 *P0 where P0 = 0.765 *UTS

= 0.88*0.765 *UTS
= 0.6732 *UTS
= 0.6732*3128.4 kN/cable* 5 cables
= 2106.0389 kN/cable* 5 cables
= 2106.039*5 kN
= 10530.194 kN
Limiting zone of prestressing forces (at mid span): [Refer 12.1.3 of Prestressed Concrete by N. Krishna Raju]
Maximum possible eccentricity = 1828.12-117.5

= 1710.620 mm
emax <= (-zt*ftt/P)+(zt/A)+(Mg/P)

<= (-1.633E+09*(-2.000)/(10530.19*10^3))+(1.633E+09/1660500)+(9668.048*10^6/(10530.19*10^3))
<= 2211.7207 mm
emax <= (zb*fct/P)-(zb/A)+(Mg/P)

<= (1.047E+09*20.000/(10530.19*10^3))-(1.047E+09/1660500)+(9668.048*10^6/(10530.19*10^3))
<= 2276.1606 mm
emax = MIN(1710.620,2211.721,2276.161)
= 1710.620
Md = total moment = 16026.054 kN-m
emin >= (-zt*fcw/ɳP)+(zt/A)+(Md/ɳP)

>= (-1.633E+09*19.800/(0.85*10530.19*10^3))+(1.633E+09/1660500)+(16026.054*10^6/(0.85*10530.19*10^3))
>= -838.476 mm
emin >= (zb*ftw/ɳP)-(zb/A)+(Md/ɳP)

>= (1.047E+09*0.000/(0.85*10530.19*10^3))-(1.047E+09/1660500)+(16026.054*10^6/(0.85*10530.19*10^3))
>= 1159.9545 mm
emin = MAX(-838.476,1159.955)
= 1159.9545
So range of eccentricity is 1159.955 mm<= e <= 1710.620 mm
e as proposed = 1676 mm, OK.

By: SLS Sheet No.
Similarly range of eccentricities are calculated at support:
Mg = 0 kN-m
Mq = 0 kN-m
Md = 0 kN-m
A= 2932500 mm2
zb = 1.511E+09 mm3
zt = 1.996E+09 mm3
P0 = jack end force = 11966.13 kN
Initial loss assumed = 6%
P= (1-(6/100))*11966.13
= 11248.162 kN
emax <= (-zt*ftt/P)+(zt/A)+(Mg/P)

<= (-1.996E+09*(-2.000)/(11248.16*10^3))+(1.996E+09/2932500)+(0*10^6/(11248.16*10^3))
<= 1035.5503 mm
emax <= (zb*fct/P)-(zb/A)+(Mg/P)

<= (1.511E+09*20.000/(11248.16*10^3))-(1.511E+09/2932500)+(0*10^6/(11248.16*10^3))
<= 2171.4011 mm
emax = MIN(1710.620,1035.55,2171.401)
= 1035.550
emin >= (-zt*fcw/ɳP)+(zt/A)+(Md/ɳP)

>= (-1.996E+09*19.800/(0.85*11248.16*10^3))+(1.996E+09/2932500)+(0*10^6/(0.85*11248.16*10^3))
>= -3452.921 mm
emin >= (zb*ftw/ɳP)-(zb/A)+(Md/ɳP)

>= (1.511E+09*0.000/(0.85*11248.16*10^3))-(1.511E+09/2932500)+(0*10^6/(0.85*11248.16*10^3))
>= -515.26002 mm
emin = MAX(-3452.921,-515.26)
= -515.260
So range of eccentricity is -515.260 mm<= e <= 1035.550 mm
e as proposed = 557.5 mm, OK.
*All dimensions are in mm.
515.260 1550.810 Upper Range

557.5 1828.12 550.665 1159.955
1035.550
1676
792.570 Lower Range 1710.620
Profile showing CG of the cables 117.500
STEP 4: LAYOUT OF ANCHORAGE POINTS
Anchorage dimensional details are taken from a manufacturer's specifications:

By: SLS Sheet No.
Bottom most cable profile Yb = 1707.5
250
b= 250-30
= 220 mm
a = 1.6b = 1.6*220 LAYER 1

= 352 mm h
LAYER 2
225 > a'/2 >= (1.6*b)/2 h 2250
= (1.6*220)/2 LAYER 3
= 176 mm h
LAYER 4
Since, 225 >= 176 450
dimension is OK. 225 225 250
190 190
No. of anchorage points in layer 1 = 1

Distance of layer 1 from bottom = 250 + 3h

Distance of layer 4 from bottom = 250
CG of the anchorage points from bottom = ((2*250)+(1*(h+250))+(1*(2h+250))+(1*(3h+250)))/5

= (250*5+6h)/5
= 250+ 1.2 h
Minimum range of CG = 792.570 mm
250+ 1.2 h = 792.570

=> hmin = (792.570-250)/1.2
= 452.141 mm > a, OK.
Maximum range of CG = 2343.380 mm
250+ 1.2 h = 2343.380

=> hmax = (2343.380-250)/1.2
= 1744.48335 mm
Arrange anchorages such that 3h = 2250

=> h = 2250/3
= 750 mm, OK.
CG point from bottom = 250+(1.2*750)

= 1150 mm
i.e. e = 1707.5-1150
= 557.5 mm
By: SLS Sheet No.
STEP 5: CABLE PROFILE
CL of symmetry of mid
span
h1 B
H
h2 C E O
h3 D h3
Soffit of beam
Cable Profile in Elevation
E O
A B C
D
a b c d
Cable Profile in Plan
LEGEND:
= Point A, i.e. anchorage point
= Point C, i.e. starting of vertical curve
= Point B, i.e. end of vertical curve
= Point E, i.e. starting of horizontal curve
= Point C, i.e. end of horizontal curve
a = AB = Horizontal projection (along span) of the inclined straight cable.

b = BC = Horizontal projection (along span) of the parabolic cable.
c = CE = Distance in which horizontal sway is completed.
d = EO = Horizontal straight length.
H = Vertical ordinate at anchorage.

h2 = Rise of parabola.
h3 = Vertical ordinate of cable along the horizontal straight.
h1 = H-(h2+h3)
By: SLS Sheet No.

20400 = a + b + c + d
750 5
400 20000
5 5 3
3 3
2
2 2 2500 2500 5
1, 4
1 4 170 170
250 1 , 4 117.5 117.5
225 225 4 ELEVATION 7500
a = 1000 1 2 3 5 1
straight 6900 2500 2500 2500 2 3
4 170
4
2, 3, 5 4
3
1 5
4 2 PLAN 2
*All dimensions are in mm. 1 4 2 3 3 1
1
Sec 4-4 Sec 3-3 Sec 2-2 Sec 1-1
*h1 & h2 are not known as it depends on inclination of straight portion (a).
Profile Dimensions: (all dimensions are in mm) Solution is given in upcoming calculation following the table below:
CABLE NO. a b c d H *h1 *h2 h3 h = H - h3

1 1000 6900 2500 10000 250 117.5 132.5
2 1000 9400 2500 7500 1000 117.5 882.5
3 1000 14400 2500 2500 1750 117.5 1632.5
4 1000 6900 2500 10000 250 117.5 132.5
5 1000 16900 0 2500 2500 287.5 2212.5
Solution for vertical drop of straight portion of cable:

Straight
L
h1 α
h x
H h2 = e Parabolic Curve
h3 (known)
1000 b = L/2 Soffit of beam
y
H = known H = h 1 + h 2 + h3 h = H - h3 (known) h2 = e
h = h1 + h2
= 1000 X tanα + e
= 1000 X α + e (α being small)
By: SLS Sheet No.
For parabola,
y = (4e/L^2) * x(L-x)
dy/dx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x)
At x = 0,
dy/dx = 4e/L
=> α = 4e/L Eccentricity from beam soffit: (obtained from AutoCAD)
At
h= 1000 X α + e Cable No. anchorage At L/8 At L/4 At 3L/8 At L/2
= 1000 X (4e/L) + e
= e(( 4000 /L)+1) 1 250 203.54 160.52 117.5 117.5
=>e = hL/( 4000 /L) = h2 2 1000 690.55 404.03 117.5 117.5
3 1750 1177.56 647.53 117.5 117.5
Here, L = 2b 4 250 203.54 160.52 117.5 117.5
5 2500 1724.19 1494.16 287.5 287.5
h = H - h3 h1 = h - h2
CABLE NO. (mm) L = 2b (mm) e = h2 (mm) (mm) α = 4e/L
1 132.5 13800 102.725 29.775 0.030

2 882.5 18800 727.675 154.825 0.155
3 1632.5 28800 1433.415 199.085 0.199
4 132.5 13800 102.725 29.775 0.030
5 2212.5 33800 1978.373 234.127 0.234
STEP 6: INITIAL/INSTANTANEOUS LOSSES
6.1] Friction & Wobble Loss:
Friction losses are given by the following formula: (Refer Clause 11.6 of IRC-18:2000)
P0
P(x)
x
P0 = P(x) e(μθ + kx)
P0 = The steel force at jacking end

P(x) = The steel force at a distance x from the jacking end
e = base of napierian logarithms
μ = the coefficient of friction
k = wobble coefficient per metre length of steel
x = distance between the points of operation of P 0 & P(x)
θ = Cumulative angle in radians through which the tangent to the cable profile has turned between the points of operation of P 0 & P(x)
or, P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx)
Consider cable no 3 for detailed calculation.

By: SLS Sheet No.
(L/8) (L/4) (3L/8) (L/2)

A 4 3 2 1
199.085 α B 20400
5400 5000 5000 5000
1433.415 X2 X1
C E O
4 3 ELEVATION
1000 14400 2500 2500
PLAN
D 170/2
*All dimensions are in mm. CABLE 3 2 1 = 85
Section 1-1 at L/2

Section 2-2 at 3L/8
Section 3-3 at L/4
Section 4-5 at L/8
P0 = jack end force of 12 T 15 cable

= 2393.226 kN
μ= 0.2 (As per Table 5 of IRC:18-2000, for galvanised wire cables)
k= 0.0046 (As per Table 5 of IRC:18-2000, for galvanised wire cables)
At Section 1-1 ( 20.4 m from anchorage)
Change of angle between A - O:
For horizontal curve:

E O (Sec 1-1)
α = e
D 85 mm
α = e
C
= =
2500 mm = L
REVERSE PARABOLA
Deviation = 85 mm
Length of reverse curve, L = 2500 mm
α = 4e/L = 4*(85/2)/2500
= 0.068 radian
Due to reverse parabola, change of angle between C to E = 2 X α = 2*0.068

= 0.136 radian = αh
By: SLS Sheet No.
For vertical curve:
A
B
X2
1433.415 mm = e X1
α C
14400 mm = b
L = 2*b = 28800 mm = 28.8 m
L = 2 X b = 2*14400
= 28800 mm
α = 4e/L = 4*1433.415/28800
= 0.199 radian
Total change of angle:
SEGMENT θ (radian)
AB 0
BC 0.199
CE 0.136
EO 0
TOTAL 0.335
x= 20400 mm = 20.4 m (From A to O)
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx)

= 2393.226*EXP(-((0.2*0.335)+(0.0046*20.4)))
= 2037.626 kN
Loss w.r.t. Jack end force = ((2393.226-2037.626)/2393.226)*100

= 14.859 %
A
B
X2
1433.415 mm = e X1
α C (Sec 2-2)
14400 mm = b
L = 2*b = 28800 mm = 28.8 m
Total change of angle:
SEGMENT θ (radian)
AB 0
BC 0.199
TOTAL 0.199
x= 14400 mm = 14.4 m (From B to C)

By: SLS Sheet No.
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx)

= 2393.226*EXP(-((0.2*0.199)+(0.0046*14.4)))
= 2152.404 kN

= 10.063 %
A
B
X2
1.433 α - αx α X1 (Sec 3-3)
m=e αx C
x= 10.4 m
1.00 m x'
14400 mm = b
L = 2*b = 28800 mm = 28.8 m
x' = 10.4-1.00
= 9.40 m
Slope at B = α = 0.199 radian

Slope at X1, αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x')
= (4*1.433/28.8^2)*(28.8-(2*9.40))
= 0.069 radian
Change in angle, θ = 0.199-0.069

= 0.130 radian
x = x' + 1.00 m
= 9.40+1.00
= 10.40 m (From A to X1)
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx)

= 2393.226*EXP(-((0.2*0.130)+(0.0046*10.40)))
= 2222.895 kN

= 7.117 %
A
B
X2 (Sec 4-4)
1.433 X1
m=e C
1.00 m x'
x= 5.4 m
L = 2*b = 28800 mm = 28.8 m
x' = 5.4-1.00
= 4.40 m
By: SLS Sheet No.
Slope at B = α = 0.199 radian

Slope at X2, αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x')
= (4*1.433/28.8^2)*(28.8-(2*4.40))
= 0.138 radian
Change in angle, θ = 0.199-0.138

= 0.061 radian
x = x' + 1.00 m
= 4.40+1.00
= 5.40 m (From A to X2)
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx)

= 2393.226*EXP(-((0.2*0.061)+(0.0046*5.40)))
= 2306.280 kN

= 3.633 %
2393.226
kN 2306.280 3.633 %
kN 2222.895 7.117 %
kN 2152.404 10.063 % Loss wrt jack end force
kN 2037.626 14.859 %
0 L/8 L/4 3L/8 kN L/2
FORCE FLOW DIAGRAM
Cable No. 1 & 4 (They are symmetrical)
Jacking from both ends i.e. force flow diagram is symmetrical.
Basic dimensions of the cable profile:
Refer STEP 5.
For vertical curve,
A
B
X2 (Sec 4-4)
102.725 mm = e X1
α C
6900 mm = b
L = 2*b = 13800 mm = 13.8 m
e= 102.725 mm
L= 13800 mm
α = 4e/L = 4*102.725/13800
= 0.030 radian
For horizontal sway,
Deviation = 170+(170/2)-225
= 30 mm (Refer cable profile drawing in STEP 5)
By: SLS Sheet No.
E O (Sec 1-1)
α = e
D 30 mm
α = e
C
= =
2500 mm = L

= 2.5 m
α = 4e/L = 4*(30/2)/2500
= 0.024 radian
Due to reverse parabola, change of angle = 2 X α = 2*0.024

A
B
X2 (Sec 4-4)
0.103 X1
m=e C
1.00 m x'
x= 5.4 m
L = 2*b = 13800 mm = 13.8 m
x' = 5.4-1.00
= 4.40 m
Slope at X2, αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x')

= (4*0.103/13.8^2)*(13.8-(2*4.40))
= 0.011 radian
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx)
μ= 0.2
k= 0.0046
P0 = 2393.226 kN
NOTE: Horizontal curve is located beyond Section 4-4. αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x') x' = x-1.0
Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4
Unit
at L/2 at 3L/8 at L/4 at L/8
x = distance of the section from anchorage m 20.4 15.4 10.4 5.4
αh = Change in angle due to horizontal sway radian 0.048 0.048 0.048 0
α = Slope at the end of vertical curve radian 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030
Change in angle due to
vertical curve. αx = Slope at the section considered radian 0 0 0 0.011
α - αx = Change in angle due to vertical curve radian 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.019
θ = Total change in angle = αh + α - αx radian 0.078 0.078 0.078 0.019
e-(μθ + kx) --- 0.896 0.917 0.939 0.972
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx) kN 2145.231 2195.143 2246.216 2325.662
By: SLS Sheet No.
Cable No. 2

Refer STEP 5.
For vertical curve,
A
B
X2 (Sec 4-4)
727.675 mm = e X1
α C
9400 mm = b
L = 2*b = 18800 mm = 18.8 m
e= 727.675 mm
L= 18800 mm
α = 4e/L = 4*727.675/18800
= 0.155 radian

Deviation = 85 mm (Refer cable profile drawing in STEP 5)
E O (Sec 1-1)
α = e
D 85 mm
α = e
C
= =
2500 mm = L

= 2.5 m
α = 4e/L = 4*(85/2)/2500
= 0.068 radian
Due to reverse parabola, change of angle = 2 X α = 2*0.068

A
B
X2 (Sec 4-4)
0.728 X1
m=e C
1.00 m x'
x= 5.4 m
L = 2*b = 18800 mm = 18.8 m
By: SLS Sheet No.
x' = 5.4-1.00
= 4.40 m
Slope at X2, αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x')

= (4*0.728/18.8^2)*(18.8-(2*4.40))
= 0.082 radian
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx)
μ= 0.2
k= 0.0046
P0 = 2393.226 kN
NOTE: Horizontal curve is located beyond Section 3-3. αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x') x' = x-1.0
Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4
Unit
αh = Change in angle due to horizontal sway radian 0.136 0.136 0 0
vertical curve. αx = Slope at the section considered radian 0 0 0 0.082
e-(μθ + kx) --- 0.859 0.879 0.924 0.961
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx) kN 2055.74299 2103.573 2211.868 2300.918
Cable No. 5

Refer STEP 5.
For vertical curve,
A
B
X2 (Sec 4-4)
1978.373 mm = e X1
α C
16900 mm = b
L = 2*b = 33800 mm = 33.8 m
e= 1978.373 mm
L= 33800 mm
α = 4e/L = 4*1978.373/33800
= 0.234 radian

Deviation = 0 mm (Refer cable profile drawing in STEP 5, no horizontal sway)
By: SLS Sheet No.
E O (Sec 1-1)
α = e
D 0 mm
α = e
C
= =
2500 mm = L

= 2.5 m
α = 4e/L = 4*(0/2)/2500
= 0 radian
Due to reverse parabola, change of angle = 2 X α = 2*0

= 0 radian = αh
A
B
X2 Sec 2-2
1978.373 mm = e X1
α C
1.00 m x'
16900 mm = b
L = 2*b = 33800 mm = 33.8 m
x' = 15.4-1.00
14.40 m
Slope at C, αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x')

= (4*(1978.373/1000)/33.8^2)*(33.8-(2*14.40))
= 0.035 radian
A
B
X2 Sec 3-3
1978.373 mm = e X1
α C
1.00 m x'
16900 mm = b
L = 2*b = 33800 mm = 33.8 m
x' = 10.4-1.00
9.40 m
Slope at C, αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x')

= (4*(1978.373/1000)/33.8^2)*(33.8-(2*9.40))
= 0.104 radian
By: SLS Sheet No.
A
B
X2 (Sec 4-4)
1.978 X1
m=e C
1.00 m x'
x= 5.4 m
L = 2*b = 33800 mm = 33.8 m
x' = 5.4-1.00
= 4.40 m
Slope at X2, αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x')

= (4*1.978/33.8^2)*(33.8-(2*4.40))
= 0.173 radian
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx)
μ= 0.2
k= 0.0046
P0 = 2393.226 kN
NOTE: No horizontal curve is present. αx = (4e/L^2) * (L-2x') x' = x-1.0

Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4
Unit
αh = Change in angle due to horizontal sway radian 0 0 0 0
vertical curve. x = Slope at the section considered
α radian 0 0.035 0.104 0.173
e-(μθ + kx) --- 0.869 0.895 0.929 0.964
P(x) = P0 e-(μθ + kx) kN 2079.187 2142.351 2222.777 2306.223
Summary of forces after friction loss:
P0
A P4
B P3
C P2
D P1
E
Sec - 4-4 Sec - 3-3 Sec - 2-2 Sec - 1-1
At at L/8 at L/4 at 3L/8 at L/2
anchorage
FORCE FLOW DIAGRAM
Change in slope of forces depends on change in curvature. So, above figure does not represent change in slope of forces.
All forces are in kN.

By: SLS Sheet No.
Cable No. P0 P4 P3 P2 P1
2393.226 2325.662 2246.216 2195.143 2145.231
1
0.000 2.823 6.143 8.277 10.362 %**
2393.226 2300.918 2211.86784 2103.57301 2055.74299
2
0.000 3.857 7.578 12.103 14.102 %**
2393.226 2306.280 2222.895 2152.404 2037.626
3
0.000 3.633 7.117 10.063 14.859 %**
2393.226 2325.662 2246.216 2195.143 2145.231
4
0.000 2.823 6.143 8.277 10.362 %**
2393.226 2306.223 2222.77708 2142.3507 2079.18679
5
0.000 3.635 7.122 10.483 13.122 %**
**Loss of prestress force with respect to P 0.
6.2] Slip at anchorage:
Ta' Tx'
Tm
T
Ta Tx
x dx
lk
Refer Clause 11.5 of IRC-18:2000

The slip will effect the cable forces over certain distance only. Let the force diagram before seating of anchorage be T, T m & Ta' and after
seating of anchorage be T, T m & Ta. Since coefficient of friction is same both ways, the area enclosed by T a', Ta & Tm will be symmetrical
about horizontal line. Let Tx' and Tx be the cable force at x before and after seating of anchorage.
Drop in cable force at point x = T x' - Tx (N)
As = 12*140
= 1680 mm2
Stress loss = (Tx' - Tx) / As (N/mm2)

= (Tx' - Tx) / 1680 (N/mm2)
Es = 195000 N/mm2
Strain loss = Stress loss / Es

= (Tx' - Tx) / ( 1680 X 195000 )
= (Tx' - Tx) / 327600000
Total loss due to slip = (1/ 327600000 )∫(Tx' - Tx)xdx = 6 mm = Shaded area / 327600000
(As per standard Manufacturer’s recommendations 6 mm
reverse slip of tendons is considered.)
Shaded area = 6 X 327600000 N-mm
= 1965600000 N-mm
= 1965.6 kN-m
Half area = 1965.6/2
= 982.8 kN-m
(1/2) X lk X (Ta' - Tm) = 982.8
Calculate lk and Tm.

By: SLS Sheet No.
Cable No. 1& 4
Ignore the force variation due to 1m straight portion.

Start of reverse parabola
2393.226
(I) 2325.662 2294.383 PQ =
(II) 2246.216 PK = PR =
(III) 2232.527 2145.231
2170.671 2218.838 2195.143
At anchorage 2071.828 2139.392 lk
*All force units are in kN & all length 7.9 2.5
units are in m. Sec 4-4 Sec 3-3 Sec 2-2 Sec 1-1
5.4
l1 = 10.4 l2 = 10
20.4
End of reverse parabola
Force at start of reverse parabola = 2393.226-(((2393.226-2325.662)/5.4)*7.9)

= 2294.383
Force after seating of anchorage = Force before seating of anchorage - 2 X (Force before seating of anchorage - Force at l k)
Half area should be 982.8 kN-m
Area of part (I) = (1/2)*(2393.226-2294.383)*7.9

= 390.431 kN-m < 982.8 kN-m
Area of part (II) = (1/2)*(2294.383-2246.216)*(7.9+(7.9+2.5))

= 440.722 kN-m
Area of part (I) + (II) = 390.431+440.722

= 831.153 kN-m < 982.8 kN-m
Balance area = Δ = 982.8-831.153

= 151.647 kN-m
Assume lk is the length in 3rd part to equate the area.
PK = PQ-((PQ-PR)/l2)*lk
Constant = C1 = (PQ-PR)/l2
PK = PQ-(C1*lk)
PQ-PK = PQ-(PQ-(C1*lk)) = C1*lk
Balance area = Δ = ((PQ-PK)*l1)+((1/2)*(PQ-PK)*lk)

= (C1*lk*l1)+((1/2)*C1*lk*lk)
= (C1*l1)*lk+((1/2)*C1)*lk2
C1*lk2+2C1l1lk-2Δ = 0
By Shreedhar Acharya's Formula,

lk = (-2C1l1+/-√(4C12l12+4*2Δ*C1))/(2C1)
lk = -l1 +/- √(l12+2Δ/C1)
By: SLS Sheet No.
Δ (known) PQ (known)
PK (unknown)
PR (known)
l1 (known) lk (unknown)
l2 (known)
= (2246.216-2145.231)/10
= 10.099
Balance area = Δ = 151.647 kN-m
l1 = 7.9+2.5
= 10.4 m
lk = -l1 +/- √(l12+2Δ/C1)

= -10.4 +/- SQRT((10.4^2)+(2*151.647/10.099))
= -10.4 +/- 11.755572
= 1.356 m (discarding unrealistic value)
PK = PQ-(C1*lk)
= 2246.216-(10.099*1.356)
= 2232.527 kN
Area of part (III) = Δ = ((PQ-PK)*l1)+((1/2)*(PQ-PK)*lk)

= ((2246.216-2232.527)*10.4)+((1/2)*(2246.216-2232.527)*1.356)
= 151.647 kN-m ≈ 151.647 kN-m, O.K.
Force after seating of anchorage = Force before seating of anchorage - 2 X (Force before seating of anchorage - P K), upto lk
Force before seating of Force after seating of Force

SECTION LOCATION
anchorage (kN) anchorage (kN) denotion
at
2393.226 2071.828 P0
anchorage
4-4 at L/8 2325.662 2139.392 P4
at start of
reverse 2294.383 2170.671
parabola
3-3 at L/4 2246.216 2218.838 P3
at lk 2232.527 2232.527
2-2 at 3L/8 2195.143 2195.143 P2
1-1 at L/2 2145.231 2145.231 P1
By: SLS Sheet No.
Cable No. 2

Start of reverse parabola
2393.226 PR =
(I) 2300.918 PQ = 2157.720
2211.868 PK =
(II) 2208.079 2103.573 2055.743
2204.290
At anchorage 2022.932 2115.240 lk
*All force units are in kN & all length 5
units are in m. Sec 4-4 Sec 3-3 Sec 2-2 Sec 1-1
5.4 l2 = 2.5
l1 = 10.4 10
20.4 End of reverse parabola
Force at end of reverse parabola = 2211.868-(((2211.868-2103.573)/5)*2.5)

= 2157.720
Area of part (I) = (1/2)*(2393.226-2211.868)*10.4

= 943.062 kN-m < 982.8 kN-m
Balance area = Δ = 982.8-943.062

= 39.738 kN-m
Assume lk is the length in 2nd part to equate the area.
PK = PQ-(C1*lk)

= (C1*lk*l1)+((1/2)*C1*lk*lk)
= (C1*l1)*lk+((1/2)*C1)*lk2
C1*lk2+2C1l1lk-2Δ = 0

lk = (-2C1l1+/-√(4C12l12+4*2Δ*C1))/(2C1)
lk = -l1 +/- √(l12+2Δ/C1)
By: SLS Sheet No.
PK (unknown)
PR (known)
l2 (known)
= (2211.868-2157.720)/2.5
= 21.659
l1 = 10.4 m
lk = -l1 +/- √(l12+2Δ/C1)

= -10.4 +/- SQRT((10.4^2)+(2*39.738/21.659))
= -10.4 +/- 10.5749415
PK = PQ-(C1*lk)
= 2211.868-(21.659*0.175)
= 2208.079 kN

= ((2211.868-2208.079)*10.4)+((1/2)*(2211.868-2208.079)*0.175)
= 39.738 kN-m ≈ 39.738 kN-m, O.K.

SECTION LOCATION
anchorage (kN) anchorage (kN) denotion
at
2393.226 2022.932 P0
anchorage
4-4 at L/8 2300.918 2115.240 P4
3-3 at L/4 2211.868 2204.290 P3
at lk 2208.079 2208.079
at end of
reverse 2157.720 2258.437
parabola
2-2 at 3L/8 2103.573 2103.573 P2
1-1 at L/2 2055.743 2055.743 P1
By: SLS Sheet No.
Cable No. 3
PQ = Start of reverse parabola

2393.226
(I) 2306.280
2222.895 PK = PR =
2217.904 2152.404 2095.015 2037.626
2212.913
At anchorage 2042.583 2129.528 lk 5
*All force units are in kN & all length Sec 4-4 5 2.5
units are in m. l2 = 15.4 Sec 3-3 Sec 2-2 Sec 1-1
5.4
l1 = 0 10.4 10
20.4 End of reverse parabola
Force at end of reverse parabola = 2152.404-(((2152.404-2037.626)/5)*2.5)

= 2095.015
Assume lk is the length in 1st part to equate the area.
PK = PQ-(C1*lk)

= (C1*lk*l1)+((1/2)*C1*lk*lk)
= (C1*l1)*lk+((1/2)*C1)*lk2
C1*lk2+2C1l1lk-2Δ = 0

lk = (-2C1l1+/-√(4C12l12+4*2Δ*C1))/(2C1)
lk = -l1 +/- √(l12+2Δ/C1)
PK (unknown)
PR (known)
l2 (known)
= (2393.226-2152.404)/15.4
= 15.638
By: SLS Sheet No.
l1 = 0m
lk = -l1 +/- √(l12+2Δ/C1)

= -0 +/- SQRT((0^2)+(2*982.800/15.638))
= 0 +/- 11.2113909
PK = PQ-(C1*lk)
= 2393.226-(15.638*11.211)
= 2217.904 kN

= ((2393.226-2217.904)*0)+((1/2)*(2393.226-2217.904)*11.211)
= 982.800 kN-m ≈ 982.800 kN-m, O.K.

SECTION LOCATION anchorage (kN) anchorage (kN) denotion
at
2393.226 2042.583 P0
anchorage
4-4 at L/8 2306.280 2129.528 P4
3-3 at L/4 2222.895 2212.913 P3
at lk 2217.904 2217.904
2-2 at 3L/8 2152.404 2152.404 P2
at end of
reverse 2095.015 2095.015
parabola
1-1 at L/2 2037.626 2037.626 P1
Cable No. 5
PQ =
2393.226
(I) 2306.223
2222.777 PK = PR =
2217.111 2142.351 2110.769 2079.187
2211.444
At anchorage 2040.995 2127.998 lk 5
*All force units are in kN & all length Sec 4-4 5 2.5
units are in m. l2 = 17.9 Sec 3-3 Sec 2-2 Sec 1-1
5.4
l1 = 0 10.4 10
20.4 Middle of Sec 2-2 & 1-1
Force at middle of Sec 2-2 & 1-1 = 2142.351-(((2142.351-2079.187)/5)*2.5)

= 2110.769

By: SLS Sheet No.
Assume lk is the length in 1st part to equate the area.
PK = PQ-(C1*lk)

= (C1*lk*l1)+((1/2)*C1*lk*lk)
= (C1*l1)*lk+((1/2)*C1)*lk2
C1*lk2+2C1l1lk-2Δ = 0

lk = (-2C1l1+/-√(4C12l12+4*2Δ*C1))/(2C1)
lk = -l1 +/- √(l12+2Δ/C1)
PK (unknown)
PR (known)
l2 (known)
= (2393.226-2110.769)/17.9
= 15.780
l1 = 0m
lk = -l1 +/- √(l12+2Δ/C1)

= -0 +/- SQRT((0^2)+(2*982.800/15.780))
= 0 +/- 11.1608615
PK = PQ-(C1*lk)
= 2393.226-(15.780*11.161)
= 2217.111 kN

= ((2393.226-2217.111)*0)+((1/2)*(2393.226-2217.111)*11.161)
= 982.800 kN-m ≈ 982.800 kN-m, O.K.
By: SLS Sheet No.

SECTION LOCATION anchorage (kN) anchorage (kN) denotion
at P0
anchorage 2393.226 2040.995
4-4 at L/8 2306.223 2127.998 P4

3-3 at L/4 2222.777 2211.444 P3
at lk 2217.111 2217.111
2-2 at 3L/8 2142.351 2142.351 P2
at middle
of Sec 2-2 2110.769 2110.769
& 1-1
1-1 at L/2 2079.187 2079.187 P1
Summary of prestressing force after friction, wobble and slip loss

Section 4-4 Section 3-3 Section 2-2 Section 1-1
at L/8 i.e. at L/4 i.e. at 3L/8 i.e. at L/2 i.e.
Anchorage
5.4 10.4 15.4 20.4
Cable No. end
m from m from m from m from
anchorage anchorage anchorage anchorage
P0 P4 P3 P2 P1
2071.828 2139.392 2218.838 2195.143 2145.231
1
13.429 10.606 7.287 8.277 10.362 %**
2022.932 2115.240 2204.290 2103.573 2055.743
2
15.473 11.616 7.895 12.103 14.102 %**
2042.583 2129.528 2212.913 2152.404 2037.626
3
14.651 11.018 7.534 10.063 14.859 %**
2071.828 2139.392 2218.838 2195.143 2145.231
4
13.429 10.606 7.287 8.277 10.362 %**
2040.995 2127.998 2211.444 2142.351 2079.187
5
14.718 11.082 7.596 10.483 13.122 %**
**Loss of prestress force with respect to anchor force of 2393.226 kN
6.3] Prestress loss due to elastic shortening:
Two stage prestressing has been proposed.
Stage - I: Stressing of cables 2, 3 & 5 at 10 days after casting insitu girders along with deck.
Stage - II: Stressing of cables 1 & 4 are to be done after 28 days of casting and SIDL is placed after 2nd stage concrete.
Sequence of stressing for stage I: 2 followed by 3 & 5.
Sequence of stressing for stage II: 1 followed by 4.
Modular ratio, m = Es/Ec,Es = modulus of elasticity of steel in strand, E c = modulus of elasticity of concrete.
At 10th days of casting, m10 = Es/Ec= 195000/39373.46

= 4.953
Refer calculation step no. 3.1 & 3.1.2
At after 28th days of casting, m28 = Es/Ec = 195000/44152.01
= 4.417
By: SLS Sheet No.
Sectional properties:
Ac (mm2) Yb (mm) Yt (mm) I (mm4)

At support 2932500 1707.50 1292.50 2.580E+12
At span 1660500 1828.12 1171.88 1.914E+12
Legend: N.A. means not applicable.
Stress in concrete at the level of cable a due to stressing of cable b = (P/A c) + (Pecable b) * (ecable a / I)
NOTE: No loss of stress due to elastic shortening will occur in the cable which is being stressed.
Loss of stress in cable no.

Stage Description / Details of loss calculation 1 2 3 4 5
Eccentricity of cables w.r.t. centroid of the section (Y b) (Refer cable profile diagram in step 5.)
At support (anchorage) 1457.50 707.50 -42.50 1457.50 -792.50
At span 1710.62 1710.62 1710.62 1710.62 1540.62
Due to stressing of cable 2

At support (anchorage)
Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) N.A. 2022.932 N.A. N.A. N.A.
P * ecable 2 (kN-m) N.A. 1431.224 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σsupport (Mpa) N.A. 0.000 N.A. N.A. N.A.
At span
Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) N.A. 2055.743 N.A. N.A. N.A.
P * ecable 2 (kN-m) N.A. 3516.595 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σspan (Mpa) N.A. 0.000 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Average stress in concrete, σC (Mpa) = σsupport + ((2/3)*(σspan - N.A. 0.000 N.A. N.A. N.A.
σsupport))
Loss of stress in steel (Mpa) = m10 * σC N.A. 0.000 N.A. N.A. N.A.

I- Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) N.A. N.A. 2042.583 N.A. N.A.
Sequence P * ecable 3 (kN-m) N.A. N.A. -86.810 N.A. N.A.
of Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σsupport (Mpa) N.A. 0.673 0.000 N.A. N.A.
prestressin
g: 2 -> 3 -> At span
5 Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) N.A. N.A. 2037.626 N.A. N.A.
P * ecable 3 (kN-m) N.A. N.A. 3485.603 N.A. N.A.
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σspan (Mpa) N.A. 4.342 0.000 N.A. N.A.
Average stress in concrete, σC (Mpa) = σsupport + ((2/3)*(σspan - N.A. 3.119 0.000 N.A. N.A.
σsupport))
Loss of stress in steel (Mpa) = m10 * σC N.A. 15.448 0.000 N.A. N.A.

Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2040.995
P * ecable 5 (kN-m) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. -1617.489
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σsupport (Mpa) N.A. 0.252 0.723 N.A. 0.000
At span
Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2079.187
P * ecable 5 (kN-m) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 3203.237
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σspan (Mpa) N.A. 4.115 4.115 N.A. 0.000
Average stress in concrete, σC (Mpa) = σsupport + ((2/3)*(σspan - N.A. 2.827 2.984 N.A. 0.000
σsupport))
Loss of stress in steel (Mpa) = m10 * σC N.A. 14.003 14.780 N.A. 0.000
Total loss of stress in stage - I N.A. 29.451 14.780 N.A. 0.000
By: SLS Sheet No.
Loss of stress in cable no.

Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) 2071.828 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
P * ecable 3 (kN-m) 3019.690 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σsupport (Mpa) 0.000 1.535 0.657 N.A. -0.221
At span
Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) 2145.231 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
P * ecable 3 (kN-m) 3669.675 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σspan (Mpa) 0.000 4.572 4.572 N.A. 4.246
Average stress in concrete, σC (Mpa) = σsupport + ((2/3)*(σspan - 0.000 3.559 3.267 N.A. 2.757
σsupport))
II - Loss of stress in steel (Mpa) = m28 * σC 0.000 15.720 14.428 N.A. 12.176
Sequence
of
prestressin Due to stressing of cable 4
g: 1 -> 4 At support (anchorage)
Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) N.A. N.A. N.A. 2071.828 N.A.
P * ecable 4 (kN-m) N.A. N.A. N.A. 3019.690 N.A.
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σsupport (Mpa) 2.412 1.535 0.657 0.000 -0.221
At span
Prestressing force after friction and slip loss, P (kN) N.A. N.A. N.A. 2145.231 N.A.
P * ecable 4 (kN-m) N.A. N.A. N.A. 3669.675 N.A.
Stress in concrete at the level of cable, σspan (Mpa) 4.572 4.572 4.572 0.000 4.246
Average stress in concrete, σC (Mpa) = σsupport + ((2/3)*(σspan - 3.852 3.559 3.267 0.000 2.757
σsupport))
Loss of stress in steel (Mpa) = m28 * σC 17.012 15.720 14.428 0.000 12.176
Total loss of stress in stage - II 17.012 31.440 28.855 0.000 24.351
As = area of steel in each cable = 12*140

= 1680 mm2
* Jacking force = 2393.226 kN Loss of stress in cable no.

Loss in prestressing force, ΔP (kN) = As* total loss of stress N.A. 49.478 24.830 N.A. 0.000
I
Average loss in prestressing force (kN) N.A. 24.769 24.769 N.A. 24.769
Loss in prestressing force, ΔP (kN) = As* total loss of stress 28.580 52.819 48.477 0.000 40.910
II
Average loss in prestressing force (kN) 34.157 34.157 34.157 34.157 34.157
Total loss due to elastic shortening (kN) 34.157 58.926 58.926 34.157 58.926
Percentage of loss with respect to jacking force (%) 1.427 2.462 2.462 1.427 2.462
By: SLS Sheet No.
Summary of prestressing force after friction, wobble, slip & elastic shortening losses

Section 4-4 Section 3-3 Section 2-2 Section 1-1
at L/8 i.e. at L/4 i.e. at 3L/8 i.e. at L/2 i.e.
Anchorage
end 0 0 0 0
Cable No.
m from m from m from m from
anchorage anchorage anchorage anchorage
P0 P4 P3 P2 P1
2037.671 2105.235 2184.681 2160.986 2111.074
1
14.857 12.034 8.714 9.704 11.790 %**
1964.005 2056.314 2145.363 2044.647 1996.817
2
17.935 14.078 10.357 14.565 16.564 %**
1983.656 2070.602 2153.987 2093.477 1978.699
3
17.114 13.481 9.997 12.525 17.321 %**
2037.671 2105.235 2184.681 2160.986 2111.074
4
14.857 12.034 8.714 9.704 11.790 %**
1982.069 2069.072 2152.518 2083.424 2020.261
5
17.180 13.545 10.058 12.945 15.584 %**
**Loss of prestress force with respect to anchor force of 2393.226 kN
STEP 7: STRESS CHECK INCLUDING LONG TERM LOSSES
7.1] External girder - at mid span:
Ac = 1660500 mm2
Yb = 1828.12 mm
Yt = 1171.88 mm
Zb = 1.047E+09 mm3
Zt = 1.633E+09 mm3
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
C.G. Of cables:
Stage - I - Cable nos. 2, 3 & 5 are stressed:
170 mm 287.5
117.5 mm mm
170
mm
830 mm
Y̅2,3,5 = 1828.12-(((2*117.5)+287.5)/3)
= 1653.953 mm
Stage - II - Cable nos. 1 & 4 are stressed:
117.5 mm
830 mm
By: SLS Sheet No.
Y̅1,4 = 1828.12-((2*117.5)/2)
= 1710.62 mm
C.G. of all the cables:
170 mm
117.5 mm
117.5
mm 170
mm 117.5 mm
830 mm
Y̅ = ((3*1653.953)+(2*1710.62))/5
= 1676.62 mm
STAGE I:
Cables 2, 3 & 5 are stressed at 10 days.
Prestressing force after seating of anchorage, friction loss and elastic shortening =
2055.743+2037.626+2079.187-
24.769-24.769-24.769
= 6098.248 kN
@ 1.654
m from centroid of the
section.
Loss in prestress force due to shrinkage of concrete:
Shrinkage strain after 10 days = 0.0003 for stage - I stressing at 10 days after casting insitu girders along with deck.
Shrinkage strain after 28 days = 0.00019
for stage - II stressing after 28 days of casting and SIDL is placed after 2nd stage concrete.
Shrinkage strain between 10 to 28 days, εsh = 0.0003-0.00019

= 0.00011
No. of cables stressed = 3
Loss due to shrinkage strain = εsh * Es * number of cables * area of a cable

= εsh * Es * number of cables * no. of strands in a cable * area of one strand
= 0.00011*195000*3*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 108108 N
= 108.108 kN
By: SLS Sheet No.
Percentage of loss with respect to jacking force = (108.108/(2393.226*3))*100

= 1.506 %
Loss in prestress force due to relaxation of steel:
Average force in stage - I cables after seating of anchorages [Refer step no. 6.2 summary] and elastic shortening [Refer step no. 6.3
summary]
= 6098.248/3
= 2032.749 kN
UTS of a cable = 3128.4 kN
2032.749 / UTS = 2032.749/3128.4

= 0.650
Initial stress Relaxation loss for low relaxation steel (%) Relaxation loss for long term (%)
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*3 = 3.75
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*3 = 7.5
Loss at 0.650 UTS = 7.5-((0.7-0.650)*(7.5-3.75)/(0.7-0.6))

= 5.616 %
Relaxation loss per cable = (5.616/100)*2032.749

= 114.169 kN
Percentage of loss with respect to jacking force = (114.169/2393.226)*100

= 4.771 %
Total relaxation loss = 114.169*3

= 342.507 kN
Loss in prestress force due to creep of concrete:

By: SLS Sheet No.
Maturity of concrete at the time of stressing as a percentage of f ck Creep strain per 10 Mpa
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040
After 10 days maturity of concrete, f cj = 79.525 % of fck

Creep strain after 10 days = 0.00051-((80-79.525)*(0.00051-0.00056)/(80-75))
= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa

Creep strain after 28 days = 0.0004000 per 10 Mpa
Creep strain from 10 days to 28 days = 0.000515-0.0004000

= 0.0001147 per 10 Mpa
Total prestressing force of Stage - I cables after initial loss = 6098.248 kN (P)
(initial loss = seating of anchorage loss, friction loss and elastic shortening loss)
Initial stress at the CG of the Stage - I cables = (P/A)+((P*Y̅2,3,5)*(Y̅2,3,5/I))-(Mg*Y̅2,3,5/I)

P= 6098.248 kN
= 6098247.8 N
A= 1660500 mm2
Y̅2,3,5 = 1653.953 mm
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
Mg = 9668.048 kN-m
= 9.668E+09 N-mm
Initial stress at the CG of the Stage - I cables =

(6098247.8/1660500)+((6098247.8*1653.953)*(1653.953/1.91E+12))-
(9.67E+09*1653.953/1.91E+12)
= 4.034 N/mm2
Initial creep strain for the period 10 days to 28 days = 0.0001147*4.034/10

= 0.0000463 per 4.034 Mpa
Loss due to creep from 10 days to 28 days = strain * ES * area of steel
Es = 195000 N/mm2
No. of cables stressed in Stage - I= 3
No. of strands per cable = 12
Area of one strand = 140 mm2
Area of steel = 3*12*140
= 5040 mm2
Loss due to creep from 10 days to 28 days = 0.0000463*195000*5040

= 45490.9202 N
= 45.491 kN (for 3 cables)
By: SLS Sheet No.
Shrinkage loss = 108.108 kN

Relaxation loss = 342.507 kN
Creep loss = 45.491 kN
Final force in cables (total after shrinkage, relaxation & creep losses)= 6098.248-108.108-342.507-45.491
= 5602.142 kN
= 5602142 N (P)
Final stress at the CG of the Stage - I cables = (P/A)+((P*Y̅2,3,5)*(Y̅2,3,5/I))-(Mg*Y̅2,3,5/I)

=
(5602142/1660500)+((5602142*1653.953)*(1653.953/1.91E+12))-
(9.67E+09*1653.953/1.91E+12)
= 3.026 N/mm2
Average stress at the CG of the Stage - I cables = (4.034+3.026)/2

= 3.530 N/mm2 (from 10 days to 28 days)
Average creep strain for the period 10 days to 28 days = 0.0001147*3.530/10

= 0.0000405 per 3.530 Mpa
Total creep loss = strain * ES * area of steel

= 0.0000405*195000*5040
= 39808.2239 N
= 39.808 kN (for 3 cables) = 13.269 kN/cable

= 0.554 %
Stresses at Stage - I at mid span:
Bottom stress Top stress

Stress Stress
Individual Cumulative formula Individual Cumulative formula
Stage - I prestressing force after 3.673 --- P/A 3.673 --- P/A
initial losses, P = 6098.248 kN
Y̅2,3,5 = 1653.953 mm = 1.654 m
9.634 13.306 PY̅2,3,5Yb/I -6.175 -2.503 -PY̅2,3,5Yt/I
PY̅2,3,5 = 6098.248*1.654 = 10086.2173 kN-m
Dead load moment, Mg
-9.234 4.072 -MDLYb/I 5.919 3.417 MDLYt/I
=
9668.048 kN-m
(Psh/A) +
(Psh/A) -
Shrinkage loss, Psh = -108.108 kN -0.236 3.836 (PshY̅2,3,5Yb/I 0.044 3.461
(PshY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
)
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
Relaxation loss, Pr = -342.507 kN -0.747 3.089 0.141 3.601
(PrY̅2,3,5Yb/I) (PrY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -39.808 kN -0.087 3.002 0.016 3.618
(PcrY̅2,3,5Yb/I) (PcrY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
fct = 20.000 N/mm2

fbott = 3.002 N/mm2 < 20.000 N/mm2 , hence OK.
ftt = -2.000 N/mm2
ftop = 3.618 N/mm2 > -2.000 N/mm2 , hence OK.
STAGE II:
Cables 1 & 4 are stressed at 28 days.

By: SLS Sheet No.
Prestressing force after seating of anchorage, friction loss and elastic shortening = 2145.231+2145.231-34.157-34.157
= 4222.148 kN
@ 1.711 m from centroid of the
section.
Shrinkage strain after 28 days = 0.00019 for stage - II stressing after 28 days of casting and SIDL is placed after 2nd stage concrete.
Shrinkage strain at 28 days, εsh = 0.00019
Total no. of cables stressed = 5
No. of cables stressed in stage- II= 2

= 0.00019*195000*5*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 311220 N
= 311.22 kN

= 2.601 %
Average force in stage - II cables after seating of anchorages [Refer step no. 6.2 summary] and elastic shortening [Refer step no. 6.3
summary]
= 4222.148/2
= 2111.074 kN
2111.074 / UTS = 2111.074/3128.4

= 0.675
By: SLS Sheet No.
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*2 = 2.5
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*2 = 5
Loss at 0.675 UTS = 5-((0.7-0.675)*(5-2.5)/(0.7-0.6))

= 4.370 %

= 92.259 kN

= 3.855 %

= 184.518 kN

By: SLS Sheet No.
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa

Initial stress at the CG of the Stage - I cables = (P/A)+((P*Y̅1,4)*(Y̅/I))-(Mq1*Y̅1,4/I)
P= 4222.148 kN
= 4222147.6 N
A= 1660500 mm2
Y̅1,4 = 1710.620 mm
Y̅ = 1676.620
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
Mq1 = 2077.419 kN-m
= 2.077E+09 N-mm (SIDL)
Mq2 = 3500.900 kN-m
= 3.501E+09 N-mm (LL)
M= 779.688 kN-m
= 779688000 N-mm (FPLL)

(4222147.6/1660500)+((4222147.6*1710.620)*(1676.620/1.91E+12))-
(2.08E+09*1710.620/1.91E+12)
= 7.013 N/mm2 [ignoring stress difference in CG of stage - I & II]
Creep strain of stage - I cables due to creep beyond 28 days including the stress due to stage - II cable stressing
= Initial creep strain for the period after 28 days for stage - II cable stressing + Creep strain for final creep stress at the CG of the stage - I
cables at 28 days for stage - I cable stressing
= (0.000400*7.013/10)+(0.000400*3.026/10)
= 0.0004016 per 10.039 Mpa
Loss due to creep after 28 days = strain * ES * area of steel
Es = 195000 N/mm2
No. of cables stressed in Stage- II= 2
Area of steel in Stage - I = 3*12*140
= 5040 mm2
Area of steel in Stage - II = 2*12*140
= 3360 mm2
Loss due to creep after 28 days for Stage - I cables = 0.0004016*195000*5040

= 394646.374 N
Creep strain of stage - II cables due to creep = 0.000400*7.013/10

= 0.00028051 per 7.013 Mpa
By: SLS Sheet No.
Loss due to creep after 28 days for Stage - II cables = 0.0002805*195000*3360

= 183790.358 N
Total creep loss = 394.646+183.790

= 115.687 kN/cable

= 3147.973 kN
= 3147973 N (P)
Final stress at the CG of the Stage - I cables = (P/A)+((P*Y̅1,4)*(Y̅/I))-(Mq1*Y̅1,4/I)

=
(3147973/1660500)+((3147973*1710.620)*(1676.620/1.91E+12))-
(2.08E+09*1710.620/1.91E+12)
= 4.756 N/mm2

= 4.834 %
Stress check at service condition:

Stresses at Stage - II at mid span:

Stress Stress
Stress after Stage - I prestressing --- 3.002 --- --- 3.618 ---
Stage - II Prestressing force after 2.543 5.545 P/A 2.543 6.160 P/A
Y̅1,4 = 1710.620 mm = 1.711 m
6.898 12.443 PY̅1,4Yb/I -4.422 1.738 -PY̅1,4Yt/I
PY̅1,4 = 4222.148*1.711 = 7222.4901 kN-m
Elastic shortening of Stage - I cables due to stressing of Stage - (Pes/A) + (Pes/A) -
II cables: -0.189 12.254 0.038 1.776
(PesY̅1,4Yb/I) (PesY̅1,4Yt/I)
Loss, Pes = -31.440-28.855-24.351= -84.646 kN
(Psh/A) + (Psh/A) -
Shrinkage loss, Psh = -311.22 kN -0.696 11.558 0.139 1.915
(PshY̅1,4Yb/I) (PshY̅1,4Yt/I)
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
(PrY̅1,4Yb/I) (PrY̅1,4Yt/I)
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -578.437 kN -1.293 9.852 0.257 2.254
(PcrY̅1,4Yb/I) (PcrY̅1,4Yt/I)
SIDL moment, Mq1 = 2077.419 kN-m -1.984 7.868 -Mq1Yb/I 1.272 3.526 Mq1Yt/I
LL moment, Mq2 = 3500.900 kN-m -3.344 4.524 -Mq2Yb/I 2.143 5.670 Mq2Yt/I
FPLL moment, M = 779.688 kN-m -0.745 3.779 -MYb/I 0.477 6.147 MYt/I
By: SLS Sheet No.
ftw = 0.000 N/mm2

fbott = 3.779 N/mm2 > 0.000 N/mm2 , hence OK.
fcw = 19.800 N/mm2
ftop = 6.147 N/mm2 < 19.800 N/mm2 , hence OK.
7.2] External girder - at 3L/8:
Ac = 1660500 mm2
Yb = 1828.12 mm
Yt = 1171.88 mm
Zb = 1.047E+09 mm3
Zt = 1.633E+09 mm3
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
C.G. Of cables: (obtained from AutoCAD)
170 mm 287.5
117.5 mm mm
170
mm
830 mm
Y̅2,3,5 = 1828.12-(((2*117.5)+287.5)/3)
= 1653.953 mm
117.5 mm
830 mm
Y̅1,4 = 1828.12-((2*117.5)/2)
= 1710.62 mm
170 mm
117.5 mm
117.5
mm 170
mm 117.5 mm
830 mm
Y̅ = ((3*1653.953)+(2*1710.62))/5
= 1676.62 mm
By: SLS Sheet No.
STAGE I:
2103.573+2152.404+2142.351-
24.769-24.769-24.769
= 6324.020 kN
@ 1.654
section.

= 0.00011

= 0.00011*195000*3*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 108108 N
= 108.108 kN

= 1.506 %
summary]
= 6324.020/3
= 2108.007 kN
2108.007 / UTS = 2108.007/3128.4

= 0.674
By: SLS Sheet No.
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*3 = 3.75
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*3 = 7.5
Loss at 0.674 UTS = 7.5-((0.7-0.674)*(7.5-3.75)/(0.7-0.6))

= 6.519 %

= 137.412 kN

= 5.742 %

= 412.237 kN

By: SLS Sheet No.
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa


= 0.0001147 per 10 Mpa

P= 6324.020 kN
= 6324019.8 N
A= 1660500 mm2
Y̅2,3,5 = 1653.953 mm
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
Mg = 9036.681 kN-m
= 9.037E+09 N-mm

(6324019.8/1660500)+((6324019.8*1653.953)*(1653.953/1.91E+12))-
(9.04E+09*1653.953/1.91E+12)
= 5.038 N/mm2

= 0.0000578 per 5.038 Mpa
Es = 195000 N/mm2
= 5040 mm2

= 56815.8517 N

= 5746.859 kN
= 5746859 N (P)
By: SLS Sheet No.

=
(5746859/1660500)+((5746859*1653.953)*(1653.953/1.91E+12))-
(9.04E+09*1653.953/1.91E+12)
= 3.866 N/mm2


= 0.0000511 per 4.452 Mpa

= 0.0000511*195000*5040
= 50204.705 N

= 0.699 %
Stresses at Stage - I at 3L/8:

Stress Stress
Y̅2,3,5 = 1653.953 mm = 1.654 m
9.990 13.799 PY̅2,3,5Yb/I -6.404 -2.596 -PY̅2,3,5Yt/I
PY̅2,3,5 = 6324.020*1.654 = 10459.6337 kN-m
-8.631 5.168 -MDLYb/I 5.533 2.937 MDLYt/I
= 9036.681 kN-m
(Psh/A) +
(Psh/A) -
Shrinkage loss, Psh = -108.108 kN -0.236 4.932 (PshY̅2,3,5Yb/I 0.044 2.982
(PshY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
)
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
(PrY̅2,3,5Yb/I) (PrY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -50.205 kN -0.110 3.923 0.021 3.171
fct = 20.000 N/mm2

ftt = -2.000 N/mm2
STAGE II:
= 4321.972 kN
@ 1.711
section.
By: SLS Sheet No.

= 0.00019*195000*5*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 311220 N
= 311.22 kN

= 2.601 %
summary]
= 4321.972/2
= 2160.986 kN
2160.986 / UTS = 2160.986/3128.4

= 0.691
By: SLS Sheet No.
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*2 = 2.5
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*2 = 5
Loss at 0.691 UTS = 5-((0.7-0.691)*(5-2.5)/(0.7-0.6))

= 4.769 %

= 103.060 kN

= 4.306 %

= 206.119 kN

By: SLS Sheet No.
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa

P= 4321.972 kN
= 4321971.8 N
A= 1660500 mm2
Y̅1,4 = 1710.620 mm
Y̅ = 1676.620
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
Mq1 = 1947.528 kN-m
= 1.948E+09 N-mm (SIDL)
Mq2 = 3276.352 kN-m
= 3.276E+09 N-mm (LL)
M= 730.938 kN-m
= 730938000 N-mm (FPLL)

(4321971.8/1660500)+((4321971.8*1710.620)*(1676.620/1.91E+12))-
(1.95E+09*1710.620/1.91E+12)
= (0.000400*7.339/10)+(0.000400*3.866/10)
= 0.0004482 per 11.204 Mpa
Es = 195000 N/mm2
= 5040 mm2
= 3360 mm2

= 440459.116 N

= 0.00029354 per 7.339 Mpa
By: SLS Sheet No.

= 192328.622 N

= 126.558 kN/cable

= 3171.845 kN
= 3171845 N (P)

=
(3171845/1660500)+((3171845*1710.620)*(1676.620/1.91E+12))-
(1.95E+09*1710.620/1.91E+12)
= 4.922 N/mm2

= 5.288 %

Stresses at Stage - II at 3L/8:
Stress Stress
Y̅1,4 = 1710.620 mm = 1.711 m
7.062 13.587 PY̅1,4Yb/I -4.527 1.248 -PY̅1,4Yt/I
PY̅1,4 = 4321.972*1.711 = 7393.25137 kN-m
II cables: -0.189 13.398 0.038 1.285
Loss, Pes = -31.440-28.855-24.351= -84.646 kN
(Psh/A) + (Psh/A) -
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -632.788 kN -1.415 10.826 0.282 1.797
By: SLS Sheet No.
ftw = 0.000 N/mm2

fcw = 19.800 N/mm2
7.3] External girder - at L/4:
Ac = 1660500 mm2
Yb = 1828.12 mm
Yt = 1171.88 mm
Zb = 1.047E+09 mm3
Zt = 1.633E+09 mm3
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
By: SLS Sheet No.
846.63 mm
243.50 mm 647.53 1494.16

404.03 mm mm mm
830 mm
Y̅2,3,5 = 1828.12-((404.03+647.53+1494.16)/3)
= 979.547 mm
160.52 mm
830 mm
Y̅1,4 = 1828.12-((2*160.52)/2)
= 1667.6 mm
846.63 mm
243.50 mm
243.51 mm
160.52 mm
830 mm
Y̅ = ((3*979.547)+(2*1667.6))/5
= 1254.768 mm
STAGE I:
2204.290+2212.913+2211.444-
24.769-24.769-24.769
= 6554.340 kN
@ 0.980
section.
By: SLS Sheet No.

= 0.00011

= 0.00011*195000*3*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 108108 N
= 108.108 kN

= 1.506 %
summary]
= 6554.340/3
= 2184.780 kN
2184.780 / UTS = 2184.780/3128.4

= 0.698

By: SLS Sheet No.
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*3 = 3.75
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*3 = 7.5
Loss at 0.698 UTS = 7.5-((0.7-0.698)*(7.5-3.75)/(0.7-0.6))

= 7.439 %

= 162.523 kN

= 6.791 %

= 487.568 kN
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa


= 0.0001147 per 10 Mpa
By: SLS Sheet No.

P= 6554.340 kN
= 6554339.6 N
A= 1660500 mm2
Y̅2,3,5 = 979.547 mm
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
Mg = 7494.378 kN-m
= 7.494E+09 N-mm

(6554339.6/1660500)+((6554339.6*979.547)*(979.547/1.91E+12))-
(7.49E+09*979.547/1.91E+12)
= 3.398 N/mm2

= 0.0000390 per 3.398 Mpa
Es = 195000 N/mm2
= 5040 mm2

= 38314.3 N

= 5920.349 kN
= 5920349 N (P)

=
(5920349/1660500)+((5920349*979.547)*(979.547/1.91E+12))-
(7.49E+09*979.547/1.91E+12)
= 2.698 N/mm2


= 0.0000350 per 3.048 Mpa

= 0.0000350*195000*5040
= 34369.3481 N

= 0.479 %
By: SLS Sheet No.
Stresses at Stage - I at L/4:

Stress Stress
Y̅2,3,5 = 979.547 mm = 0.980 m
6.132 10.079 PY̅2,3,5Yb/I -3.931 0.016 -PY̅2,3,5Yt/I
PY̅2,3,5 = 6554.340*0.980 = 6420.2815 kN-m
= -7.158 2.921 -MDLYb/I 4.589 4.605 MDLYt/I
7494.378 kN-m
(Psh/A) +
(Psh/A) -
Shrinkage loss, Psh = -108.108 kN -0.166 2.755 (PshY̅2,3,5Yb/I -0.000269 4.605
(PshY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
)
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
Relaxation loss, Pr = -487.568 kN -0.750 2.005 -0.001211 4.603
(PrY̅2,3,5Yb/I) (PrY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -34.369 kN -0.053 1.952 -0.000085 4.603
fct = 20.000 N/mm2

ftt = -2.000 N/mm2
STAGE II:
= 4369.361 kN
@ 1.668
section.

By: SLS Sheet No.

= 0.00019*195000*5*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 311220 N
= 311.22 kN

= 2.601 %
summary]
= 4369.361/2
= 2184.681 kN
2184.681 / UTS = 2184.681/3128.4

= 0.698
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*2 = 2.5
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*2 = 5
Loss at 0.698 UTS = 5-((0.7-0.698)*(5-2.5)/(0.7-0.6))

= 4.958 %

= 108.326 kN

= 4.526 %

= 216.653 kN
By: SLS Sheet No.
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa

P= 4369.361 kN
= 4369361.3 N
A= 1660500 mm2
Y̅1,4 = 1667.600 mm
Y̅ = 1254.768
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
Mq1 = 1600.253 kN-m
= 1.6E+09 N-mm (SIDL)
Mq2 = 2529.600 kN-m
= 2.53E+09 N-mm (LL)
M= 600.600 kN-m
= 600600000 N-mm (FPLL)
By: SLS Sheet No.

(4369361.3/1660500)+((4369361.3*1667.600)*(1254.768/1.91E+12))-
(1.6E+09*1667.600/1.91E+12)
= (0.000400*6.014/10)+(0.000400*2.698/10)
= 0.0003485 per 8.712 Mpa
Es = 195000 N/mm2
= 5040 mm2
= 3360 mm2

= 342475.127 N

= 0.00024055 per 6.014 Mpa

= 157610.902 N

= 100.017 kN/cable

= 3341.403 kN
= 3341403 N (P)

=
(3341403/1660500)+((3341403*1667.600)*(1254.768/1.91E+12))-
(1.6E+09*1667.600/1.91E+12)
= 4.271 N/mm2

= 4.179 %
By: SLS Sheet No.

Stresses at Stage - II at L/4:

Stress Stress
Y̅1,4 = 1667.600 mm = 1.668 m
6.959 11.543 PY̅1,4Yb/I -4.461 2.773 -PY̅1,4Yt/I
PY̅1,4 = 4369.361*1.668 = 7286.34692 kN-m
II cables: -0.186 11.357 0.035 2.809
Loss, Pes = -31.440-28.855-24.351= -84.646 kN
(Psh/A) + (Psh/A) -
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -500.086 kN -1.098 9.101 0.209 3.239
ftw = 0.000 N/mm2

fcw = 19.800 N/mm2
7.4] External girder - at L/8:
Ac = 1660500 mm2
Yb = 1828.12 mm
Yt = 1171.88 mm
Zb = 1.047E+09 mm3
Zt = 1.633E+09 mm3
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
By: SLS Sheet No.
546.63 mm
487.01 mm 1177.56 1724.19

690.55 mm mm mm
830 mm
Y̅2,3,5 = 1828.12-((690.55+1177.56+1724.19)/3)
= 630.687 mm
203.54 mm
830 mm
Y̅1,4 = 1828.12-((2*203.54)/2)
= 1624.58 mm
546.63 mm
487.01 mm
487.01 mm
203.54 mm
830 mm
Y̅ = ((3*630.687)+(2*1624.58))/5
= 1028.244 mm
STAGE I:
2115.240+2129.528+2127.998-
24.769-24.769-24.769
= 6298.459 kN
@ 0.631
section.
By: SLS Sheet No.

= 0.00011

= 0.00011*195000*3*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 108108 N
= 108.108 kN

= 1.506 %
summary]
= 6298.459/3
= 2099.486 kN
2099.486 / UTS = 2099.486/3128.4

= 0.671

By: SLS Sheet No.
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*3 = 3.75
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*3 = 7.5
Loss at 0.671 UTS = 7.5-((0.7-0.671)*(7.5-3.75)/(0.7-0.6))

= 6.416 %

= 134.713 kN

= 5.629 %

= 404.138 kN
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa


= 0.0001147 per 10 Mpa
By: SLS Sheet No.

P= 6298.459 kN
= 6298459.2 N
A= 1660500 mm2
Y̅2,3,5 = 630.687 mm
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
Mg = 4424.596 kN-m
= 4.425E+09 N-mm

(6298459.2/1660500)+((6298459.2*630.687)*(630.687/1.91E+12))-
(4.42E+09*630.687/1.91E+12)
= 3.644 N/mm2

= 0.0000418 per 3.644 Mpa
Es = 195000 N/mm2
= 5040 mm2

= 41095.0682 N

= 5745.118 kN
= 5745118 N (P)

=
(5745118/1660500)+((5745118*630.687)*(630.687/1.91E+12))-
(4.42E+09*630.687/1.91E+12)
= 3.196 N/mm2


= 0.0000392 per 3.420 Mpa

= 0.0000392*195000*5040
= 38567.67 N

= 0.537 %
By: SLS Sheet No.
Stresses at Stage - I at L/8:

Stress Stress
Y̅2,3,5 = 630.687 mm = 0.631 m
3.794 7.587 PY̅2,3,5Yb/I -2.432 1.361 -PY̅2,3,5Yt/I
PY̅2,3,5 = 6298.459*0.631 = 3972.35424 kN-m
= -4.226 3.361 -MDLYb/I 2.709 4.070 MDLYt/I
4424.596 kN-m
(Psh/A) +
(Psh/A) -
(PshY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
)
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
(PrY̅2,3,5Yb/I) (PrY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -38.568 kN -0.046 2.698 -0.008 3.951
fct = 20.000 N/mm2

ftt = -2.000 N/mm2
STAGE II:
= 4210.470 kN
@ 1.625
section.

By: SLS Sheet No.

= 0.00019*195000*5*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 311220 N
= 311.22 kN

= 2.601 %
summary]
= 4210.470/2
= 2105.235 kN
2105.235 / UTS = 2105.235/3128.4

= 0.673
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*2 = 2.5
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*2 = 5
Loss at 0.673 UTS = 5-((0.7-0.673)*(5-2.5)/(0.7-0.6))

= 4.324 %

= 91.021 kN

= 3.803 %

= 182.043 kN
By: SLS Sheet No.
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa

P= 4210.470 kN
= 4210469.6 N
A= 1660500 mm2
Y̅1,4 = 1624.580 mm
Y̅ = 1028.244
I= 1.914E+12 mm4
Mq1 = 930.017 kN-m
= 930016875 N-mm (SIDL)
Mq2 = 1560.347 kN-m
= 1.56E+09 N-mm (LL)
M= 349.050 kN-m
= 349050000 N-mm (FPLL)
By: SLS Sheet No.

(4210469.6/1660500)+((4210469.6*1624.580)*(1028.244/1.91E+12))-
(9.3E+08*1624.580/1.91E+12)
= (0.000400*5.421/10)+(0.000400*3.196/10)
= 0.0003447 per 8.617 Mpa
Es = 195000 N/mm2
= 5040 mm2
= 3360 mm2

= 338746.361 N

= 0.00021684 per 5.421 Mpa

= 142073.845 N

= 96.164 kN/cable

= 3236.387 kN
= 3236387 N (P)

=
(3236387/1660500)+((3236387*1624.580)*(1028.244/1.91E+12))-
(9.3E+08*1624.580/1.91E+12)
= 3.984 N/mm2

= 4.018 %
By: SLS Sheet No.

Stresses at Stage - II at L/8:

Stress Stress
Y̅1,4 = 1624.580 mm = 1.625 m
6.533 11.767 PY̅1,4Yb/I -4.188 2.299 -PY̅1,4Yt/I
PY̅1,4 = 4210.470*1.625 = 6840.24477 kN-m
II cables: -0.182 11.584 0.033 2.332
Loss, Pes = -31.440-28.855-24.351= -84.646 kN
(Psh/A) + (Psh/A) -
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -480.820 kN -1.036 9.486 0.189 2.714
ftw = 0.000 N/mm2

fcw = 19.800 N/mm2
7.5] External girder - at anchorage:
Ac = 2932500 mm2
Yb = 1707.5 mm
Yt = 1292.5 mm
Zb = 1.511E+09 mm3
Zt = 1.996E+09 mm3
I= 2.58E+12 mm4
By: SLS Sheet No.
C.G. Of cables:
750 mm
750 mm 1750 2500

1000 mm mm mm
830 mm
Y̅2,3,5 = 1707.5-((1000+1750+2500)/3)
= -42.500 mm
250 mm
830 mm
Y̅1,4 = 1707.5-((2*250)/2)
= 1457.5 mm
750 mm
750 mm
750 mm
250 mm
830 mm
Y̅ = ((3*-42.500)+(2*1457.5))/5
= 557.5 mm
STAGE I:
2022.932+2042.583+2040.995-
24.769-24.769-24.769
= 6032.202 kN
@ -0.043
section.
By: SLS Sheet No.

= 0.00011

= 0.00011*195000*3*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 108108 N
= 108.108 kN

= 1.506 %

summary]
= 6032.202/3
= 2010.734 kN
2010.734 / UTS = 2010.734/3128.4

= 0.643

By: SLS Sheet No.
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*3 = 3.75
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*3 = 7.5
Loss at 0.643 UTS = 7.5-((0.7-0.643)*(7.5-3.75)/(0.7-0.6))

= 5.353 %

= 107.626 kN

= 4.497 %

= 322.879 kN
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa


= 0.0001147 per 10 Mpa
By: SLS Sheet No.

P= 6032.202 kN
= 6032201.8 N
A= 2932500 mm2
Y̅2,3,5 = -42.500 mm
I= 2.58E+12 mm4
Mg = 0 N-mm

(6032201.8/2932500)+((6032201.8*-42.500)*(-42.500/2.58E+12))-(0*-42.500/2.58E+12)
= 2.061 N/mm2

= 0.0000237 per 2.061 Mpa
Es = 195000 N/mm2
= 5040 mm2

= 23244.9733 N

= 5577.970 kN
= 5577970 N (P)

= (5577970/2932500)+((5577970*-42.500)*(-42.500/2.58E+12))-(0*-42.500/2.58E+12)
= 1.906 N/mm2


= 0.0000228 per 1.984 Mpa

= 0.0000228*195000*5040
= 22369.7869 N

= 0.312 %
By: SLS Sheet No.
Stresses at Stage - I at anchorage:

Stress Stress
Y̅2,3,5 = -42.500 mm = -0.043 m
-0.170 1.887 PY̅2,3,5Yb/I 0.128 2.185 -PY̅2,3,5Yt/I
PY̅2,3,5 = 6032.202*-0.043 = -256.368578 kN-m
= 0.000 1.887 -MDLYb/I 0.000 2.185 MDLYt/I
0.000 kN-m
(Psh/A) +
(Psh/A) -
(PshY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
)
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
(PrY̅2,3,5Yb/I) (PrY̅2,3,5Yt/I)
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -22.370 kN -0.007 1.746 -0.008 2.021
fct = 20.000 N/mm2

ftt = -2.000 N/mm2
STAGE II:
= 4075.342 kN
@ 1.458
section.

By: SLS Sheet No.

= 0.00019*195000*5*12*140 [Refer step no. 3.1]
= 311220 N
= 311.22 kN

= 2.601 %
summary]
= 4075.342/2
= 2037.671 kN
2037.671 / UTS = 2037.671/3128.4

= 0.651
0.6 UTS 1.25 1.25*2 = 2.5
0.7 UTS 2.5 2.5*2 = 5
Loss at 0.651 UTS = 5-((0.7-0.651)*(5-2.5)/(0.7-0.6))

= 3.784 %

= 77.098 kN

= 3.222 %

= 154.197 kN
By: SLS Sheet No.
75 0.00056
80 0.00051
100 0.00040

= 0.000515 per 10 Mpa

P= 4075.342 kN
= 4075342.1 N
A= 2932500 mm2
Y̅1,4 = 1457.500 mm
Y̅ = 557.500
I= 2.58E+12 mm4
Mq1 = 0.000 kN-m
= 0 N-mm (SIDL)
Mq2 = 0.000 kN-m
= 0 N-mm (LL)
M= 0.000 kN-m
= 0 N-mm (FPLL)
By: SLS Sheet No.

(4075342.1/2932500)+((4075342.1*1457.500)*(557.500/2.58E+12))-
(0*1457.500/2.58E+12)
= (0.000400*2.673/10)+(0.000400*1.906/10)
= 0.0001832 per 4.579 Mpa
Es = 195000 N/mm2
= 5040 mm2
= 3360 mm2

= 180019.393 N

= 0.00010693 per 2.673 Mpa

= 70059.7929 N

= 50.016 kN/cable

= 3359.846 kN
= 3359846 N (P)

= (3359846/2932500)+((3359846*1457.500)*(557.500/2.58E+12))-(0*1457.500/2.58E+12)
= 2.204 N/mm2

= 2.090 %
By: SLS Sheet No.

Stresses at Stage - II at anchorage:

Stress Stress
Y̅1,4 = 1457.500 mm = 1.458 m
3.931 7.066 PY̅1,4Yb/I -2.976 0.435 -PY̅1,4Yt/I
PY̅1,4 = 4075.342*1.458 = 5939.81105 kN-m
II cables: -0.111 6.956 0.033 0.468
Loss, Pes = -31.440-28.855-24.351= -84.646 kN
(Psh/A) + (Psh/A) -
(Pr/A) + (Pr/A) -
(Pcr/A) + (Pcr/A) -
Creep loss, Pcr = -250.079 kN -0.327 6.022 0.097 0.747
SIDL moment, Mq1 = 0.000 kN-m 0.000 6.022 -Mq1Yb/I 0.000 0.747 Mq1Yt/I
LL moment, Mq2 = 0.000 kN-m 0.000 6.022 -Mq2Yb/I 0.000 0.747 Mq2Yt/I
FPLL moment, M = 0.000 kN-m 0.000 6.022 -MYb/I 0.000 0.747 MYt/I
ftw = 0.000 N/mm2

fcw = 19.800 N/mm2
Summary of total long term losses: (for 5 cables, both Stages I & II)
at
at L/2 at 3L/8 at L/4 at L/8 anchorage
Shrinkage loss (kN) 419.328 419.328 419.328 419.328 419.328
Relaxation loss (kN) 527.025 618.356 704.221 586.181 477.075
Creep loss (kN) 618.245 682.992 534.455 519.388 272.449
Percentage of loss at mid span:
No. of cables provided = 5

Type of cable: 12 T 15
η = loss ratio
By: SLS Sheet No.
Force
η wrt jack end force (JF) η wrt UTS
kN
UTS 15642.000 --- x JF 1.000 x UTS
Jack end force 11966.130 1.000 x JF 0.765 x UTS
After wobble, friction & slip loss 10463.017 0.874 x JF 0.669 x UTS
Initial loss
After elastic shortening 10217.924 0.854 x JF 0.653 x UTS
After shrinkage loss 9798.596 0.819 x JF 0.626 x UTS
Long term
loss After relaxation loss 9271.571 0.775 x JF 0.593 x UTS
After creep loss 8653.326 0.723 x JF 0.553 x UTS
As assumed (%) As per actual calculation (%)

Initial loss 12.000 14.610
Long term loss 15.000 13.075
Total loss 27.000 27.685
Percentage of loss at 3L/8:

η = loss ratio
Force
kN
UTS 15642.000 --- x JF 1.000 x UTS
Initial loss
Long term

Total loss 27.000 26.268
Percentage of loss at L/4:

η = loss ratio
Force
kN
UTS 15642.000 --- x JF 1.000 x UTS
Initial loss
Long term

Total loss 27.000 23.424
By: SLS Sheet No.
Percentage of loss at L/8:

η = loss ratio
Force
kN
UTS 15642.000 --- x JF 1.000 x UTS
Initial loss
Long term

Total loss 27.000 25.777
Percentage of loss at anchorage:

η = loss ratio
Force
kN
UTS 15642.000 --- x JF 1.000 x UTS
Initial loss
Long term

Total loss 27.000 26.156
STEP 8: STRESS CHECK DUE TO TEMPERATURE VARIATION ACROSS GIRDER DEPTH
Temperature stresses are calculated using design temperature differences given in Cl 215.3 of IRC 6:2014. Analysis is done for positive
temperature difference and reverse temperature difference.
fck = 60 Mpa
Analysis for temperature load is presented in this document as per the procedure given in Dr.V.K.Raina's Concrete Bridge Design.
eo S A - q S Ay = a S At ------ Eq. 1
eo S Ay - q S Ay2 = a S Ayt ------ Eq. 2
As per Cl 215.4 of IRC:6 - 2014,
α = Coefficient of Thermal expansion = 1.170E-05
Ec = 5000*SQRT(60)*1000
= 3.87E+07 kN/m2 (Long term Ec)
By: SLS Sheet No.
Rising Gradient (+ve temp diff.)
External girder at L/2, 3L/8, L/4 & L/8:
2600 mm
250
mm
Yt
3000 mm 300 mm
Yb
142.95
200
mm
250
mm
830 mm
AT SPAN
Depth of Width of Area (A) of CG from Ay Ay2 Average At Aty

Zone member member member Top (y) Temp (t)
(m) (m) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (°C) m2°C m3°C
0.250 2.600 0.650 0.125 0.081 0.010 10.1 6.565 0.821
Top flange
0.000 2.600 0.000 0.250 0.000 0.000 2.4 0.000 0.000
Web 2.300 0.300 0.690 1.400 0.966 1.352 1.2 0.828 1.159
Bottom 0.100 0.830 0.083 2.650 0.220 0.583 0 0.000 0.000
flange 0.250 0.830 0.208 2.875 0.597 1.715 1.05 0.218 0.626
Sum = 1.631 1.864 3.661 7.611 2.606
Eliminating θ from Eq. 1 & Eq. 2,

eo = (α∑At∑Ay2 - α∑Aty∑Ay)/(∑A∑Ay2 - ∑Ay∑Ay)
(1.170E-05*7.611*3.661-1.170E-05*2.606*1.864)/(1.631*3.661-1.864*1.864)
1.079E-04
Substituting value of ε0 in Eq. 1,
q= (ε0∑A - α∑At)/∑Ay
(1.079E-04*1.631-1.170E-05*7.611)/1.864
4.659E-05
From above values stresses at different height (y) can be calculated as follow.
fci = -Ec(ε0-yθ-αt)
Level (y) yq t at fci h1 = 150 mm

Zone
(m) (°C) (kN/m2) h2 = 250 mm
0.000 0.000E+00 17.8 2.083E-04 3.888E+03 h3 = 150 mm
Top flange
0.250 1.165E-05 2.4 2.808E-05 -2.639E+03
Web top 0.250 1.165E-05 2.4 2.808E-05 -2.639E+03
Web
2.550 1.188E-04 0 0.000E+00 4.237E+02
bottom
Bottom 2.750 1.281E-04 0 0.000E+00 7.846E+02
flange 3.000 1.398E-04 2.1 2.457E-05 2.187E+03
By: SLS Sheet No.
Falling Gradient (-ve temp diff.)

(m) (m) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (°C) m2°C m3°C
0.250 2.600 0.650 0.125 0.081 0.010 5.65 3.673 0.459
Top flange
0.000 2.600 0.000 0.250 0.000 0.000 0.7 0.000 0.000
Web 2.300 0.300 0.690 1.400 0.966 1.352 0.35 0.242 0.338
Bottom 0.100 0.830 0.083 2.650 0.220 0.583 0.4 0.033 0.088
flange 0.250 0.830 0.208 2.875 0.597 1.715 3.7 0.768 2.207
Sum = 1.631 1.864 3.661 4.715 3.092

(1.170E-05*4.715*3.661-1.170E-05*3.092*1.864)/(1.631*3.661-1.864*1.864)
5.391E-05
(5.391E-05*1.631-1.170E-05*4.715)/1.864
1.756E-05
Level (y) yq t at fci h 1 = h4 = 250 mm

Zone
(m) (°C) (kN/m2) h 2 = h3 = 250 mm
0.000 0.000E+00 10.6 1.240E-04 2.715E+03
Top flange
0.250 4.391E-06 0.7 8.190E-06 -1.601E+03
Web top 0.250 4.391E-06 0.7 8.190E-06 -1.601E+03
Web
2.550 4.479E-05 0 0.000E+00 -3.533E+02
bottom
Bottom 2.750 4.830E-05 0.8 9.360E-06 1.453E+02
flange 3.000 5.269E-05 6.6 7.722E-05 2.944E+03
Stress
Stress Top Stress Web Stress Web
Bottom
flange top bottom
flange
Load (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)

+ve 3.888 -2.639 0.424 2.187
temp.diff.
-ve 2.715 -1.601 -0.353 2.944
temp.diff.
By: SLS Sheet No.
External girder at anchorage:
2600 mm
250 mm
Yt
3000 mm
Yb
830
mm
NEAR SUPPORT

(m) (m) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (°C) m2°C m3°C
0.250 2.600 0.650 0.125 0.081 0.010 10.1 6.565 0.821
Top flange
0.000 2.600 0.000 0.250 0.000 0.000 2.4 0.000 0.000
Web 2.300 0.830 1.909 1.400 2.673 3.742 1.2 2.291 3.207
Bottom 0.100 0.830 0.083 2.650 0.220 0.583 0 0.000 0.000
flange 0.250 0.830 0.208 2.875 0.597 1.715 1.05 0.218 0.626
Sum = 2.850 3.570 6.050 9.074 4.654

(1.170E-05*9.074*6.050-1.170E-05*4.654*3.570)/(2.850*6.050-3.570*3.570)
9.971E-05
(9.971E-05*2.850-1.170E-05*9.074)/3.570
4.984E-05
Level (y) yq t at fci h1 = 150 mm

Zone
(m) (°C) (kN/m2) h2 = 250 mm
0.000 0.000E+00 17.8 2.083E-04 4.204E+03 h3 = 150 mm
Top flange
0.250 1.246E-05 2.4 2.808E-05 -2.292E+03
Web top 0.250 1.246E-05 2.4 2.808E-05 -2.292E+03
Web
2.550 1.271E-04 0 0.000E+00 1.061E+03
bottom
Bottom 2.750 1.371E-04 0 0.000E+00 1.447E+03
flange 3.000 1.495E-04 2.1 2.457E-05 2.881E+03
By: SLS Sheet No.
Falling Gradient (-ve temp diff.)

(m) (m) (m2) (m) (m3) (m4) (°C) m2°C m3°C
0.250 2.600 0.650 0.125 0.081 0.010 5.65 3.673 0.459
Top flange
0.000 2.600 0.000 0.250 0.000 0.000 0.7 0.000 0.000
Web 2.300 0.830 1.909 1.400 2.673 3.742 0.35 0.668 0.935
Bottom 0.100 0.830 0.083 2.650 0.220 0.583 0.4 0.033 0.088
flange 0.250 0.830 0.208 2.875 0.597 1.715 3.7 0.768 2.207
Sum = 2.850 3.570 6.050 5.142 3.690

(1.170E-05*5.142*6.050-1.170E-05*3.690*3.570)/(2.850*6.050-3.570*3.570)
4.671E-05
(4.671E-05*2.850-1.170E-05*5.142)/3.570
2.043E-05
Level (y) yq t at fci h 1 = h4 = 250 mm

Zone
(m) (°C) (kN/m2) h 2 = h3 = 250 mm
0.000 0.000E+00 10.6 1.240E-04 2.994E+03
Top flange
0.250 5.108E-06 0.7 8.190E-06 -1.294E+03
Web top 0.250 5.108E-06 0.7 8.190E-06 -1.294E+03
Web
2.550 5.210E-05 0 0.000E+00 2.087E+02
bottom
Bottom 2.750 5.619E-05 0.8 9.360E-06 7.295E+02
flange 3.000 6.130E-05 6.6 7.722E-05 3.556E+03
Stress
Stress Top Stress Web Stress Web
Bottom
flange top bottom
flange
Load (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)

+ve 4.204 -2.292 1.061 2.881
temp.diff.
-ve 2.994 -1.294 0.209 3.556
temp.diff.
Summary of stresses with temperature effect:
Without temperature For + ve temperature With + ve temperature

Bottom Bottom Bottom
Top stress stress Top stress stress Top stress stress
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
at mid 6.147 3.779 3.888 2.187 10.035 5.966
span:
at 3L/8: 5.443 5.138 3.888 2.187 9.331 7.326
at L/4: 6.136 4.583 3.888 2.187 10.024 6.770
at L/8: 4.453 6.774 3.888 2.187 8.341 8.962
at 0.747 6.022 4.204 2.881 4.951 8.903

anchorage:
By: SLS Sheet No.
ftw = 0.000 N/mm2

at mid span:
at 3L/8:
at L/4:
at L/8:
at anchorage:
fcw = 19.800 N/mm2

at mid span:
at 3L/8:
at L/4:
at L/8:
at anchorage:
Without temperature For - ve temperature With - ve temperature

Bottom Bottom Bottom
Top stress stress Top stress stress Top stress stress
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
at mid 6.147 3.779 2.715 2.944 8.862 6.723
span:
at 3L/8: 5.443 5.138 2.715 2.944 8.159 8.082
at L/4: 6.136 4.583 2.715 2.944 8.851 7.526
at L/8: 4.453 6.774 2.715 2.944 7.168 9.718
at 0.747 6.022 2.994 3.556 3.741 9.577

anchorage:
ftw = 0.000 N/mm2

at mid span:
at 3L/8:
at L/4:
at L/8:
at anchorage:
By: SLS Sheet No.
fcw = 19.800 N/mm2

at mid span:
at 3L/8:
at L/4:
at L/8:
at anchorage:

PSC I Girder Design by IRC Code (Old)

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PSC I Girder Design by IRC Code (Old)

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Date: 15-07-2020 Note No.

By: SLS Sheet No.

Design of PSC I Girder DEVELOPED BY: SUKALYAN SARKAR

Bridge: 40 m Span (Single) Two Lane Bridge with Foothpath

End Cross Girder

2600 2600 2600

As per Cl-9.3.1.4 of IRC:18-2000,

Minimum number of longitudinal girders = 3

Number of longitudinal girders provided = 4 >=3, OK.

Number of end cross girders = 2

Number of intermediate cross girders = 3

As per Cl-9.3.1.3 of IRC:18-2000,

Minimum thickness of deck = 200 mm

Thickness of deck provided = 250 mm >=200 mm, OK.

As per Cl-9.3.1.1 of IRC:18-2000,

Minimum web thickness = 200 mm + diameter of duct hole

Diameter of duct hole provided = 100 mm

Minimum web thickness (bw,min) = 200+100

By: SLS Sheet No.

Design of PSC I Girder DEVELOPED BY: SUKALYAN SARKAR

Bridge: 40 m Span (Single) Two Lane Bridge with Foothpath

Web thickness provided (bw,pro) = 300 mm >=bw,min, OK.

As per Cl-9.4 of IRC:18-2000,

Thickness of cross girder >= Minimum web thickness

Thickness of intermediate cross girders provided = 300 mm >=bw,min, OK.

Thickness of end cross girders provided = 450 mm >=bw,min, OK.

All the longitudinal girders are designed as T sections.

As per Cl-305.15.2 of IRC:21-2000,

[actual flange width = spacing of girders]

Effective width of flange (be) <= 300+((40*1000)/5) or 2600 mm

As per Cl-305.15.3 of IRC:21-2000,

Width of bottom bulb <= 4*300

Number of cables to be accomodated in one layer = 5 (initial assumption)

By: SLS Sheet No.

Design of PSC I Girder DEVELOPED BY: SUKALYAN SARKAR

Bridge: 40 m Span (Single) Two Lane Bridge with Foothpath

Assumed diameter of cables = 75 mm

Spacing of cables provided = 2*75

Minimum clear edge distance = 75 mm

Edge distance of cables provided = 75+(75/2)

Width of bottom bulb provided = 115+(4*150)+115

3000 mm 300 mm 3000 mm

Properties obtained from STAAD Section Wizard or AutoCAD or excel spreadsheet:

STEP 2: CALCULATION OF LOADS

Unit weight of structural concrete = 25 kN/m3

2.1] Dead Loads:

Self weight of longitudinal girders at mid span = 1660500*25/10^6

By: SLS Sheet No.

Design of PSC I Girder DEVELOPED BY: SUKALYAN SARKAR

Bridge: 40 m Span (Single) Two Lane Bridge with Foothpath

Self weight of longitudinal girders at support = 2932500*25/10^6

Portion of deck slab not covered in flange = (11700-(4*2600))*250*25/10^6

Intermediate cross girder = ((2600*(4-1))+(2*830/2)-(4*300))*2500*300*25/10^9

Load of intermediate cross girder per girder = 139.313/4

34.828 34.828 34.828

Intermediate cross girder = ((2600*(4-1))+(2*830/2)+(210+210)-(4*830))*2500*450*25/10^9

Load of end cross girder per girder = 161.156/4

By: SLS Sheet No.

Design of PSC I Girder DEVELOPED BY: SUKALYAN SARKAR

Bridge: 40 m Span (Single) Two Lane Bridge with Foothpath

Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL):

Unit weight of non-structural concrete = 24 kN/m3

RCC crash barrier = 9.5 kN/m on each edge = 9.5*2

RCC kerb = 300*275*24/10^6

Portion of deck slab not covered in flange = (11700-(42600))250*25/10^6

Intermediate cross girder = ((2600(4-1))+(2830/2)-(4300))250030025/10^9

Intermediate cross girder = ((2600(4-1))+(2830/2)+(210+210)-(4830))250045025/10^9

RCC kerb = 30027524/10^6

Footpath precast slab = 11757524/10^6

Wearing coat = 75750022/10^6

At L/2, B.M. at mid span = (888.29340/2)-(43.544((40/2)+0.4)^2/2)

At 3L/8, B.M. at 15 m from support = (888.29315)-(43.544(15+0.4)^2/2)

At L/4, B.M. at 10 m from support = (888.29310)-(43.54410^2/2)

At L/8, B.M. at 5 m from support = (888.2935)-(43.5445^2/2)

At L/2, B.M. at mid span = (131.9740/2)-(31.800((40/2)-(2.9/2))2.9)-(31.8002.5*((40/2)-2.5-(2.5/3))/2)

At L/2, B.M. at mid span = (92.53140/2)-(34.82810)-(40.289*(10+10))

At 3L/8, B.M. at 15 m from support = (92.53115)-(34.828(15-10))-(40.289*15)

At L/4, B.M. at 10 m from support = (92.53110)-(40.28910)

At L/8, B.M. at 5 m from support = (92.5315)-(40.2895)