Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and
SET
Theory
Definition of a Set
Methods of naming a set
Properties of Sets
Operation on Sets
Venn Diagram
22
Basics of Sets
1. Word Description—
• A be a set of PSUBC student
• B is set of letters
• C is a course of PSU Bayambang
• D BPA student of PSU Bayambang
• P is BPED student of PSUBC
• 2. Listing Method or Roster Method- list all the elements of
set, separated by commas and enclose by braces
• Let R be colors of rainbow
• 𝑅 = {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛, 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑜, 𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑡, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒}
• C={BPA, BSBA, ICT, BSN, BSE, BEE, BPED, BTLED,
BECED,ABEL}
3. Rule Method or Set- builder form= using the description {x |
x is ….} read as x such that x is…
• 𝑅 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑤}
• 𝐶 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑆𝑈 𝐵𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔}
• 𝐸 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝐺𝑜𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑀𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦}
•
• Let 𝑁 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒} use Roster
method to describe
• Piolo Ramsay Avelino
• N={ A, P, I, O, L, M, E, N, S,V, Y, R}
• 4. Modified Roster
• 𝐸 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟} in modified roster as
𝐸 = {2, 4, 6, 8, … }
• 𝑂 = 𝑥 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 , then
• 𝑂 = {11, 13, 15, 17, 19,21, … , 97, 99}
Set Operations
Kinds of Sets
1. Unit set- set contains exactly one element
2. Empty or Null Set- { } or ∅ Set contains no element at all, {∅} not null
3. Finite Set- set contains countable element
4. Infinite Set – set contains uncountable elements
Cardinality of sets – number of elements in a given set
Let 𝐴 given set then 𝑛(𝐴) is cardinality of set A
5. Universal Set U- totality of all elements under consideration
Note: All equal sets are equivalent but not all equivalent
sets are equal
Subsets
• Subsets- a set is a subset of any sets when all its elements contained on the sets
• ⊂:proper subset – when a subset has a cardinality lesser the set given
• ⊆:improper subset- a set itself and null set
• ⊃ super set= the mother set
• 2^4=16
• {1,2,3}=2^3=8
• B= {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐}
Set Operation
Let U be universal set and 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 ⊂ 𝑈
Find
2. Union: 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶, 𝐸 ∪ 𝐵, 𝐵 ∪ 𝐷, 𝐴 ∪ 𝐸 𝐶 ∪ 𝐵,
𝐸 ∪ 𝐷,
Exercise:
Let U be universal set and 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐹 ⊂ 𝑈
Given:
𝑈 = {𝑘, 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟}
𝐴 = {𝑘, 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛}
𝐵 = {𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑝}
𝐶 = {𝑘, 𝑚, 𝑜, 𝑞}
𝐷 = {𝑙, 𝑛, 𝑝, 𝑟}
𝐸 = {𝑘, 𝑛, 𝑟}
𝐹 = {𝑚, 𝑜}
Find
3. Intersection: 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, 𝐶 ∩ 𝐵, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐸, 𝐷 ∩ 𝐵, 𝐶∩𝐸 𝐵∩
𝐸 𝐷∩𝐸
Exercise:
Let U be universal set and 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐹 ⊂ 𝑈
Given:
𝑈 = {𝑘, 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟}
𝐴 = {𝑘, 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛}
𝐵 = {𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑜, 𝑝}
𝐶 = {𝑘, 𝑚, 𝑜, 𝑞}
𝐷 = {𝑙, 𝑛, 𝑝, 𝑟}
𝐸 = {𝑘, 𝑛, 𝑟}
𝐹 = {𝑚, 𝑜}
Find
4. Difference: 𝐴– 𝐵 , 𝐴– 𝐶, 𝐷– 𝐵, 𝐴– 𝐸, 𝐵– 𝐶, 𝐵– 𝐸,
𝐷– 𝐸
Venn Diagram
• Venn Diagram- is a set diagram introduced by John
Venn in 1880.
1. Closure Property
2. Commutative Property
3. Associative Property
4. Distributive Property
5. Identity
6. Inverse
Note: Refer to your book page 28-30
Mathematical
20
Language &Symbols
1. Closure Property
a+b= real number
a(b)= real number
2. Commutative Property
a+b=b+a
axb=bxa
Mathematical
20
Language &Symbols
3. Associative Property
a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c=(a+c)+b
a(b.c)=(a.b)c=(a.c)b
4.Distributive Property
a(b+c)=a(b)+a(c)
(a+b)c=a(c)+ b( c)
5. Identity a+0=a 5+___=5
a(1) =a 5x___=5
6.Inverse a+(-a) =0 5+___=0
a(1/a) =1 5x___=1
Mathematical
20
Language &Symbols