O.C.C of D.

C separately excited generator

Objective:
1) To become familiar with the D.C separately excited generator and to
obtain its O.C.C at different constant speed.
2) Examine the residual flux in machine.
3) Finding the relationship between field current and speed.
4) Finding the relationship between speed ( n ) & ( Eg ).

Experiment Tools:
 Generator
 Motor
 Taco_Generator
 Digital_Taco_generator
 Two Voltmeter
 Two Ammeter
 Control unit
 Two DC power supply
 Wires

Connection Diagram:
 O.C.C of D.C separately excited generator

Experiment Procedures:
1-The motor-generator set is arranged and connected as shown in the figure.
2-The generator is run up to a chosen speed by means of the motor.
3-The speed is kept constant for all the readings.
4-The field current of the generator is varied by varing its supply voltage from 0
to 220 V
5-A series of readings between If and Eg is taken first as If is increased from 0
to its rated value and second as it decrease again to zero

6-Repeat the above 5 steps for another different constant speed.

7-Plot the relation between If and Eg .
8-The ranges of the ammeter and voltmeter used is determined from
the name-plate ratings of the generator .
9-Observe how is the polarity of the induced generator voltage varied.
Result & Measured values:
n = 2000 r.p.m
Increasing If Decreasing If
If [A] Eg [V] If [A] Eg [V]
0 6.5 0 1.53
0.1 37 0.1 36
0.2 73 0.2 69
0.3 106 0.3 103
0.4 130 0.4 127
0.5 147 0.5 146
0.6 158 0.6 155
0.7 165 0.7 164
0.8 170 0.8 169
 O.C.C of D.C separately excited generator

Conclusion:
1. When the field current is zero there was induced voltage in
armature because the residual flux in machine because it is
magnetic material .
2. When we increasing field current the speed of the rotor is slow
down because the main flux from field circuit will effect in rotor or
try to gravitate the rotor so the speed of the rotor will decrease.
3. In the first five or six values of increasing field current the
increasing of induced voltage of armature will be large because the
relationship between If and Eg will be linear in case of NO-Load
voltage in beginning values of If as well as B-H Curve.
4. In the last values of increasing If the increasing in Eg will be small
because Eg in this case enter knee region and near to be in
saturation region so the relationship between If and Eg in this case
won’t be linear.
5. When we decrease the values of If the induced voltage Eg will
decrease but it will be large than the previous values at same values
of field current because the material of armature was magnetic or
have magnetic flux in it (larger than residual flux in starting) in
additional to the main flux so the curve will be higher the previous
curve.
6. When we decrease the speed to ( 1400 r.p.m ) the values of Eg will
be smaller than its values at ( n = 2000 r.p.m ) because the induced
armature voltage Eg from the law is Eg = Køn so the relationship
between the speed and Eg is always directly proportional so if
speed n = ( ∞ ) at infinity armature induced voltage E = ( ∞ ) will
be at infinity.
7. In both case when n = 2000 r.p.m & n = 1400 r.p.m the saturation
region will occur in the same value of current field ( If1 = If2)
because saturation depend on flux that come from current so
saturation does not depend on speed.
8. When we change the poles of field of generator the digital
voltmeter read values in minus because the sign of brush is
 O.C.C of D.C separately excited generator

opposite so if we want to change the polarity of Eg we can by

changing between F1 & F2 on generator or reverse the motion of
the rotor but if we change both of them the polarity of Eg don’t
change.

Curves :

Discussion :
 O.C.C of D.C separately excited generator

1) What happens to the e.m.f induced in the generator as the field

current is increased ? And what happens while decreasing the
field current ?
 When the field current increased the value of Eg will increase
faster at the beginning values because it will be in linear region
after it will enter the knee region so the increasing will slow at
last values the increasing will be more slowly because it will be
near to saturation region .
 When the field current decreased the value of induced voltage
Eg will decrease but it will be large than the previous values
compared with the same values of current because the material
of armature was magnetic or have magnetic flux in it (larger
than residual flux in starting ) in additional to the main flux so
the curve will be higher the previous curve.

2) What happens to the e.m.f while increasing and decreasing the

speed ? And what relation exists between the e.m.f induced at
constant field current and variable speed ?
The relationship between the speed and Eg is always directly
proportional because the induced armature voltage Eg from the law is
Eg = Køn so e.m.f will increasing when speed increased and
decreasing when speed decreased so if speed at infinity Eg will be
infinity .
At variable speed the saturation will occur in the same value of
current field because saturation depend on flux that come from current
and doesn’t depend on speed.
The relation between induced voltage e.m.f and speed at constant field
current is linear

3) How can you vary the polarity of the generator induced voltage ?
 O.C.C of D.C separately excited generator

By changing the poles of field of generator mean ( changing between

F1 & F2 on generator) or by reverse the motion of the rotor means
( changing between F1 & F2 on generator or A1 & A2 ) but if we
change both of them the polarity will be the same

4) Comment on the shape of the curves you have plotted .

The plot between field current and induced armature voltage when we
decreased If is upper than when we increasing it because first we
increase if and then we decrease it so the flux at decrease will be
more.
5) Take the name-plate data of the used generator and explain each
figure means .
 O.C.C of D.C separately excited generator

1) LEYBOLD -DIDACTIC GMBH : name of German campony it is

leading global manufacturer of high quality science.
2) Typ 731 21 : number or model of machine
3) - MOTOR : DC machine
4) Nr. 200 26 957 : serial number of this machine
5) 220 v : the rated field voltage
6) 0.63 A : the rated armature current
7) 0.1 KW : the rating power of machine
8) S 1 : simple the country that machine made in
9) COS¥ : the power factor of machine
10)2000 min : the rated speed of machine r.p.m
11) -- Hz : the frequency
12)ERR. 220 V : the rated field voltage
13)0.08 A : the rated field current
14)I.K.L B :
15)IP 23 : IP Rating (Ingress protection ) a two-digit number
established by the international electro-technical commission
16)VDE 0530 : German technical association