ANDINI AKSYA NOVERDA

21018052
INDIVIDUAL TASK DESCRIPTIVE
INTERMEDIATE READING

Borobudur
Borobudur is a Buddhist temple. It was built in the ninth century under Sailendra Dynasti of
ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Borobudur temple is a temple which became a pride of Indonesian people because it is ever
been included into the 7 wonders of the world. It also becomes the largest Buddhist temple in
the world. It is approximately 100 km from Semarang, 86 km from Surakarta, and 40 km
from Jogjakarta. It was found as a place of worship for the Mahayana Buddhist by Sailendra
dynasty in 800 AD. It was first discovered by Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles in 1814. At that
time, it was found crushed and buried in the ground.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta
architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 meter high and consists of eight
steps like stone terrace. The first five terraces are square and surrounded by walls adorned
with Buddhist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a
circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire upper structure is crowned by a large stupa at the center
of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and
stairways.
Originally, it has 10 levels which have overall height about 42 meters. However, after the
reparation, the height of Borobudur become approximately 34.5 meters with overall building
area about 15,129 m2. The front side of Borobudur temple is facing eastwards, although each
side of the temple has similar form. There are 3 main levels of the realm in Borobudur. The
third level is Kamadhatu (the realm of lust), Rupadhatu (tangible realm), and Arupadhatu
(formless realm).
There are so many reliefs on Borobudur’s wall which total is about 1,460 panels. These
reliefs tell about ancient stories written In Sanskrit language and read by Mapradakisana way.
Mapradakisana is a way to read in accordance with the clockwise direction. The way to read
the story is starting from the east side of the gate at every level of the temple. There are so
many stories written on Borobudur’s wall. The first story on this relief is Karmawibhangga
which written on the foot of this temple. It tells about karma. Karma is the law of cause and
effect obtained by humans. This relief depicts human actions both reprehensible and
commendable along with what will they have. The next relief is Laitawistara. These reliefs
lined in the stairs on the south side of temple. The numbers of this relief are 120 figures
which illustrate the story of the Buddha from birth to become a Buddhist. And then last are
Jataka and Awadana relief. This relief tells the story about Buddha before he was born. The
design of Borobudur symbolizes the conception of universe in Buddhist cosmology. It is
believed that the universe is divided into three spiritual spheres, kamadhatu, rupadhatu, and
arupadhatu. The first sphere, kamadhatu, represents respectively the sphere of desires where
we are bound to our desires; the second sphere, rupadhatu, represents forms where we
abandon our desires but are still bound to name and form; and the last sphere, arupadhatu,
represents formlessness where there is no longer either name or form. Borobudur temple
which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for
Indonesian people. With its magnificent size and architecture, no wonder that Borobudur
Temple includes 7 wonders of the world
Besides decorated with reliefs, Borobudur also has so many sculptures which become a
symbol of the Buddha embodiment. The statues are sitting cross-legged in the lotus position
and show a certain hand gesture. These are located at Rupadhatu level. There are 432
sculptures there which are lined sequentially in every niche of this level. In the first row,
there are 104 niches, in the second row there are 104 niches, in third row 88 niches, in the
fourth row 72 niches, and fifth rows 64 niches. Beside sculpture, Borobudur temple also has
Stupa. There are 72 Stupas at the level of Aruphadatu. Those stupas are spread in the court at
this stage. In the first court, there are 32 stupas, in the second court 24 stupas, and 16 stupas
on the third court.
Since the discovery of Borobudur temple, there are so many Buddhist statues theft.
Originally, the amount of Buddha statues is 504 statues. More than 300 statues have been
damaged. Most of the statues of Buddha are headless because often being stolen to be used in
a museum collection.

SUMMARY
Borobudur is a Buddhist temple. It was built in the ninth century under Sailendra Dynasti of
ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Borobudur temple is a temple which became a pride of Indonesian people because it is ever
been included into the 7 wonders of the world. It also becomes the largest Buddhist temple in
the world. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 meter high and consists of eight steps like
stone terrace. The front side of Borobudur temple is facing eastwards, although each side of
the temple has similar form. There are 3 main levels of the realm in Borobudur. There are so
many reliefs on Borobudur’s wall which total is about 1,460 panels. The way to read the story
is starting from the east side of the gate at every level of the temple. There are so many
stories written on Borobudur’s wall. The first story on this relief is Karmawibhangga which
written on the foot of this temple. The statues are sitting cross-legged in the lotus position and
show a certain hand gesture. There are 72 Stupas at the level of Aruphadatu. Those stupas are
spread in the court at this stage. In the first court, there are 32 stupas, in the second court 24
stupas, and 16 stupas on the third court. Since the discovery of Borobudur temple, there are
so many Buddhist statues theft. Originally, the amount of Buddha statues is 504 statues. More
than 300 statues have been damaged. Most of the statues of Buddha are headless because
often being stolen to be used in a museum collection.

ANALYZE
1. Generic structure
 Identification = blue
  Description = green
2. Language features
 Use action verb
 Use specific participant ( borobudur temple)
 Use simple present tense
 Use an adjectives
3. Social function
The social function of this story is to describe a Borobudur temple, and hope it can
make the reader imagine how the Borobudur temple looks like.

SECOND STORY

ADELE
Better known simply as Adele, is an English singer, songwriter and musician. Adele
Laurie Blue Adkins was born in Tottenham, north London, England, to Penny Adkins,
an English teenager, and Mark Evans, a Welshman, on 5 May 1988. Evans walked out
on Adele when she was two, leaving her 20-year-old mother to raise her single-
handedly, for which Adele has still not forgiven him.
Adele has started her path from a daydreamer to the famous and successful singer in
early 2008. Her genuine and truly captivating masterpieces have stolen million hearts.
Since she was 7 Adele always wanted to be older, until she finally turned 18 years
old. Her turning point was when she turned 25 that she realized most of her life was
spent in wishing. Wishing to be older, wishing to be in another place and finally
wishing to remember some things but other to forget. She has captivated million
hearts because of being honest with the public. Today, pop music industry is filled
with skinny and Photoshop made celebrities, but Adele is something new and real.
Almost every person can relate himself or herself to Adele’s songs. She sings about
true emotions, hopes and breakups, which most of people have come through as well.
Unlike many successful superstars, Adele remained a humble person, which attracted
even more followers.

Adele was born and raised in London. Since an early age, she has started writing and
performing her own songs. Her childhood was very much alike as many others. Adele
was not raised up in a rich family as many other celebrities. On the contrary, her
father left the family, so she was raised by her mother. According to Adele, she was
inspired by the Spice Girls, who definitely had a great impact on her future career. In
2012 Adele gave birth to her first child. She also said that she would like to have 3
boys until the age of 30.

She was daydreaming of becoming a singer and had nothing but songs about her real
life. Adele is a great example of how dreams come true if you really strive for
something. She also proved that a person should not be skinny and beautiful in order
to gain success in life. She is the epitome of strength and success for many people all
over the world. Being a dreamer, she debuted with her first single “Daydreamer”.
Adele announced the release of her third album called “25”, which refers to her
current age, on 20th of November. Her singles stay on top for many weeks and her
videos reach million views in a few days. She is definitely a successful and inspiring
person. Her successful career has proved that even being a curved person, it is
possible to reach success when having a talent.

She began singing at age four and asserts that she became obsessed with voices.
Adele has cited the Spice Girls as a major influence in regard to her love and passion
for music, stating that "they made me what I am today. " At the age of nine, Adele
and her mother, a furniture-maker and adult learning activities organiser, relocated to
Brighton.

She remains an ardent fan of her hometown Premier League football club Tottenham
Hotspur. At 11, she and her mother moved to Brixton, and then to neighbouring
district West Norwood, in south London. West Norwood is the subject for Adele's
first record, "Hometown Glory", written when she was 16. After moving to Suoth
London, she became interested in R&B artists such as Aaliyah, Destiny's Child and
Mary J. Blige. Adele says that one of the most defining moments in her life was when
she watched Pink perform at Brixton Academy. Adele graduated from the BRIT
School for Performing Arts & Technology in Croydon in May 2006, where she was a
classmate of Leona Lewis and Jessie J. Adele credits the school with nurturing her
talent even though at the time she was more interested in going into A&R and hoped
to launch other people's careers. Her debut album, 19, was released in 2008 to much
commercial and critical success. Adele released her second album, 21, in early 2011.
The album was well received critically and surpassed the success of her debut,
earning the singer six Grammy Awards in 2012 including Album of the Year,
equalling the record for most Grammy Awards won by a female artist in one night.
The success of 21 earned Adele numerous mentions in the Guinness World Records.
She is the first artist to sell more than 3 million copies of an album in a year in the
UK. With her two albums and the
first two singles from 21, "Rolling in the Deep" and "Someone Like You", Adele
became the first living artist to achieve the feat of having two top-five hits in both the
UK Official Singles Chart and the Official Albums Chart simultaneously since The
Beatles in 1964.

SUMMARY
. Better known simply as Adele, is an English singer, songwriter and musician. Adele
Laurie Blue Adkins was born in Tottenham, north London, England, to Penny
Adkins, an English teenager, and Mark Evans, a Welshman, on 5 May 1988. Evans
walked out on Adele when she was two, leaving her 20-year-old mother to raise her
single-handedly, for which Adele has still not forgiven him. Adele has started her path
from a daydreamer to the famous and successful singer in early 2008. Her genuine
and truly captivating masterpieces have stolen million hearts. Since she was 7 Adele
always wanted to be older, until she finally turned 18 years old. Her turning point was
when she turned 25 that she realized most of her life was spent in wishing. Wishing to
be older, wishing to be in another place and finally wishing to remember some things
but other to forget. Almost every person can relate himself or herself to Adele’s
songs. Unlike many successful superstars, Adele remained a humble person, which
attracted even more followers. Adele was born and raised in London. Adele
announced the release of her third album called «25», which refers to her current
age, on 20th of November. Adele has cited the Spice Girls as a major influence in
regard to her love and passion for music, stating that «they made me what I am
today. » At the age of nine, Adele and her mother, a furniture-maker and adult
learning activities organiser, relocated to Brighton. Adele says that one of the most
defining moments in her life was when she watched Pink perform at Brixton
Academy.

ANALYZE
1. Generic structure
 Identification = blue
 Description = green

2. Language features
-use simple present tense
-use action verbs
Use specific participant (adele/person)

3. Social function
The social function of this text is to retell the life story of Adele