COMSATS University Islamabad

Abbottabad Campus
Department of Electrical (Power) Engineering

Assignment: 02

Names: Zabeeh ullah

Registration: FA19-EPE-028

Semester: 6th

Class/Section: EPE-6C

Subject: Power Transmission

Course Teacher: Khurram Jahangir

Submission Date: 28, April, 2022

Problem: 5.1

A three-phase transmission line has flat horizontal spacing with 2 m between adjacent
conductors. At a certain instant the charge on one of the outside conductors is 60
AC/km, and the charge on the center conductor and on the other outside conductor is —
30 pC/km. The radius of each conductor is 0.8 cm. Neglect the effect of the ground and
find the voltage drop between the two identically charged conductors at the instant
specified.

Solution:

In the given question, there are three lines a part from each other with the spacing of 2m.

a 2m b 2m b

Now;

−6
qa=60 ×10 C /km

qb=qc=−30× 10−6 C/ km
 10−6
Vbc= ¿
2 πk

10−6 × 60
Vbc= −9
2 π ×8.85 ×10

Vbc=744.5 V ans
Problem: 5.2
The 60-Hz capacitive reactance to neutral of a solid conductor, which is
one conductor of a single-phase line with 5 ft spacing , is 196.1 kIl-mi. What value of
reactance would be specified in a table listing the capacitive reactance in ohm-miles to
neutral of the conductor at 1-ft spacing for 25 Hz? What is the cross-sectional area of
the conductor in circular mils?

Solution:

At 5-ft spacing;

Xc=2.965 ×10 4 ln ( 5r )
 Xc=196,100 Ω . mi

ln ( 5r )=6.614
r =0.00670 ft ,∨0.0805∈¿

From Eq. 5.12, at 1-ft spacing and 25 Hz,

Xc=
1.779
25
×10 6 ln
1
(
0.00670 )

Xc=356,200 Ω . mi ans

Problem: 5.3

Solve Example 5.1 for 50-Hz operation and 10ft spacing.

Solution:
 Xc=
1.799× 106
50
ln (
10
0.0268 )
Ω .mi

Xc=0.2115 M Ω. mi

1
Bc= =4.727 µ Ω .mi
Xc

' 60
X a= ×0.1074 M Ω .mi
50

60
X ' d= × 0.0683 M Ω . mi
50

60
Xc= (0.1074+ 0.0683) M Ω. mi
50

Xc=0.2109 M Ω. mi

µS
Bc=4.742 ans
mi

Problem: 5.4
Using Eq. (5.23), determine the capacitance to neutral (in p, F /km) of a three-phase line
with three Cardinal ACS R conductors equal laterally spaced 2(j ft apart. What is the
charging current of the line (in A/km) at 60 Hz and 1 00 kY l i ne to line ?

Solution:

For Cardinal conductors,

1.196
r= = 0.0498 ft
2× 12

2 π ×8.85 ×10−12
Cn= F/m = 9.276×10-12 F/m = 9.276×10-3 µF/km
ln 20/(1.196)/24

100× 10 00
Ichg = 2π×60×9.276×10-9 × A/km = 0.202 A/km
√3 3

Problem: 5.5

A three-phase 60-Hz transmission line has its conductors arranged in a triangu la

formation so that two of the distances between conductors are 25 ft and the third is 42 ft.
The conductors are ACSR Osprey. Determine the capacitance to neutral in microfarads
per mile and the capacitive reactance to neutral in ohm-miles. If the line is 150 mi long,
find the capacitance to neutral and capacitive reactance of the line.
Solution:
Osprey diam. = 0.879 m

Deq =3√D1 X D2 x D3

Deq =3√25 X 25 x 42

= 29.72 ft

2 πk
qa
Cn = = 10
( )
D F/m
-12
Van ln
r

2 π x 8. 85 x 10−12
¿
Cn 29.72 x 12 F/m
ln( )
(0.879)/2

Cn ¿ 8.301 x 10-12 F/m

Cn ¿ 8.301 x 10-6 x 1.609 µF/m

Cn ¿ 0.01336 µF/mi

6
10
Xc=
377 x 0.01336

Xc=¿ 0.1985 x 106 Ω.mi

 From Table A.3, Xa’ = 0.0981. Interpolation from Table A.4. yields Xd’ =
0.0999+0.72(0.10110.0999) = 0.1006. From Table A.4, Xc = 0.1987 x 10 6 Ω • mi.

For 150 miles,

Cn ¿ 150 x 0.01336

Cn ¿ 2.004 µF

0.1987
Xc= x 106
150

Xc=1325 Ω

Problem: 5.6

A three-phase 60-Hz line has fl at horizon ta l spacing. The conductors have an out
diameter of 3.2H cm with J 2 III be twee n c()inductor. Determine the capacitive reactance
to neutral in ohm-meters and the capacitivcr Ctlctdnce of t h e line in ohms if its length is
125 mi.

Solution:

Deq =√3 12× 12× 24 = 15.12 m

 0.0328
r= =0.0164
2

2.862 15.12
Xc = ×109 ln = 3.256 ×108 Ω.m
60 0.0164

For 125 miles

3.256× 108
Xc= =1619 Ω
125 ×1609

Problem: 5.6

(a) Derive an equation for the capacitance to neutral in farads per meter of a single-phase
line, taking into account the effect of ground. Use the same numen calculate re as in the
equation derived for the capacitance of a three-phi::se line where the effect of ground is
represented by image charges. (b) Using the derived equation, calculate the capacitance to
neural in farads per meter of a single-phase line composed of two solid circular conductors,
each having a diameter of 0.229 in . The conductors are 10 ft apart and 25 ft above ground.
Compare the result with the value obtained by applying Eq. (5. 10).

Solution:
 a: Due to charge on a,b:

1 D r
Vab= [ qa ln – qa ln ]
2 πk r D

Due to image charge

qa D2 H 2 12 qa D H
2
Vab= [ln 2 – ln ] = [ ln – ln ]
2 πk r H2 πk r H1
 2 πk H 12
Can= 2Cab= - ln F/m
ln D/r H1

b: By Eq (5.10),

2 π × 8.85 ×10−12
Cn= = 7.996×10-12 F/m
ln(10 ×12/0.229 /2)

And from part a above

2 π × 8.85 ×10−12
Cn= –ln√2 502 +√2 102 = 8.018×10-12 F/m
ln (10 ×12/0.229 /2)

Problem: 5.8

Solve Prob. 5.6 while taking account of the effect of ground. Assume that the conductors
are horizontally placed 20 m above ground.

Solution:
H1 = H2 = H3 =40m
H12 = H23 = √ 402 + 122 m = 41.761m
H31 = √ 402 + 242 m = 46.648m

Deq = 15.12 & r = 0.0164m

2.862 Deq 1 H 12 H 23 H 31
Xc = x 109 [ln - ln ]Ω.m
60 r 3 H1 H 2H 3

15.12 1 41.761 x 41.761 x 46.648

Xc = 4.77 x 10 7 [ln - ln
0.0164 3 40 x 40 x 40
]Ω.m
Xc = 3.218 x 10 8 Ω.m

For 125 miles,

3.218 x 10 8
Xc = Ω
125 x 1609.34

Xc = 1.60 kΩ
Problem: 5.9

A 60-Hz three-phase line composed of one ACSR Bluejay conductor per phase has fiat
horizontal spacing of 11 m between adjacent conductors. Compare the capacitive
reactance in ohm-kilometers per phase of this line with that of a line using a two-conductor
bundle of ACSR 26/7 conductors having the same total cross-sectional area of aluminum as
the single-conductor line and the 11 m spacing measured between bundles. The spacing
between conductors in the bundle is 40 cm.

Solution:

Deq = √ 11 x 11 x 22

= 13.86 m

r = 1.259 x 2.54/2 x 10 -2 = 0.016 m

XC = 4.77 x 10 4 1n ( )
Deq
r

XC = 4.77 x 10 4 1n ( 13.38
0.016 )
= 322, 650 Ω•km

For dove ,2-conductor bundle,

 r = 0.927 x 2.54/2 x 10 -2

= 0.01177

DsbC=√rd

DsbC=√0.01177 x0.4

= 0.0842 m

Xc= 4.77 x 10 4 ln ( Dsbc

Deq
)
=4.77 x 10 4 ln ( 0.0842
13.86
)
Xc= 243,440 Ω•km
Problem: 5.10

Calculate the capacitive reactance in ohm-kilometers of a bundled 60-Hz three- phase

line having three ACSR Rail conductors per bundle with 45 cm between conductors of
the bundle. The spacing between bundle centers is 9. 9 and 18 m.

Solution:

Deq = √ 9 x 9 x 18

= 11.34 m

r = 1.165 x 2.54/2 x 10 -2

r = 0.0148 m

DsbC = 3√0.0148 x 0.45 2

= 0.1442 m

Xc = 4.77 x 10 4 ln ( Dsbc
Deq
)
 Xc = 4.77 x 10 4 ln ( 0.1442
11.34
)
Xc = 208,205 Ω•km

Problem:5.11

Six conductors of ACSR Drake constitute a 60-Hz double-circuit three-phase line

arranged as shown in Fig. 5.11. The vertical spacing, however, is 14 ft; the longer
horizontal distance is 32 ft; and the shorter horizontal distances are 25 ft. Find,

(a) The inductance per phase (in HAM) and the inductive reactance
in 11/mi.

(b) The capacitive reactance to neutral in ohm-miles and the charging

current A/mi per phase and per conductor at 138 kV.

Solution:
 (a) GMR = 0.0373 Drake

In original positions in the transposition cycle.

distance a-b = √142 + 3.52

= 14.43 ft

distance a-b' = √142 + 28.52

= 31.75 ft

distance a-a' = √252 + 282

= 37.54 ft

Dab P = 4√14.432 x 31.752

 = 21.04 ft
Dac = 4√252 x 282
= 26.46 ft
Deq = 3√21.042 x 26.462
= 22.71 ft
Ds = [(√0.0373 x 37.54 )2 √0.0373 x 32 ]1/3
Ds = 1.152 ft

L = 2 x 10 -7
ln( Deq
Ds )

ln(
1.152 )
22.71
L = 2 x 10 -7

= 5.963 x 10 -7 H/m
L = 5.963 x 10 -7 x 103 x 1609
= 0.959 mH/mi
XL = 377 x 0.959 x 10 -3
= 0.362 Ω/mi/phase
1.108
(b) r = = 0.0462 ft as in part (a) above, except that r
2 x 12
is substituted for D s :
Dsc = [(√0.0462 x 37.54) 2 √ 0.0462 x 32] 1/3
= 1.282 ft
From part (a) above, Deq = 22.71 ft and
 ( Deq
Xc = 2.965 x 10 -4 ln
Dsc )
Ω.km to neutral

X = 2.965 x 10 ln(
1.282 )
22.71
-4
c

Xc = 85,225 Ω.mi/phase to neutral

138,000/√ 3
Ichg =
85,225
Ichg = 0.935 A/mi/phase

Ichg = 0.467 A/mi/conductor.