7th STD Tamil Guide - Ganga Guide 2022

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r. nrl;L kjhh;rh/ M.A., M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed., TPT, PGDTR, UGC-NET, Ph.D., Dip.Folk, PGDCA
nfh. ghf;fpaehjd;/ M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed.,
rp. $hd; @ khlrhkp/ M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil., tP. mgpn&fh nfj;jhpd;/ M.A., B.Ed.,
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SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS

(A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP)
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Chennai - Tirunelveli
Price ` 150 /-
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www.tnpscjob.com
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(ii)
Published By
B. ARUMUGAM
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(A unit of Shyamala Group)
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BANK DETAILS
TIRUNELVELI ACCOUNT
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Account Name : Surya Publications Account Name : Surya Publications
Account Number : 446971431 Account Number : 510909010051752
Bank Name : Indian Bank Bank Name : City Union Bank
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IFSC Code : IDIB000T034 IFSC Code : CIUB0000230
Branch Name : Tirunelveli Junction Branch Name : Palayamkottai
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CHENNAI ACCOUNT
Account Name : Sri Ganga Publication : Sri Ganga Publication

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Account Name
Account Number : 928507483 Account Number : 512020010022514
Bank Name : Indian Bank Bank Name : City Union Bank
IFSC Code : IDIB000A031 IFSC Code : CIUB0000230
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Branch Name : Ashok Nagar Branch Name : Palayamkottai

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(A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP)
Corporate Office : Registered Office :

No. 1, Sugar Mill Colony, New No. 59, 4th Avenue,
Salai Kumaran illam, Opp. to Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. School,
Madurai Road, Ashok Nagar,
3.
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Phone : 0462 - 233 8899 / 233 8484 Phone : 044 - 2474 4484
Mobile : 94431 58484 / 95978 39822 Mobile : 94421 58484 / 94425 58484
Email : suryaguides@yahoo.com Email : srigangapublications5@gmail.com
Website : www.suryapublications.in
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m) mfpy; M) Kfpy; ,) Jfpy; <) Japy; [tpil : M]
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3. ’,uz;ly;y’ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; ghh;j;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ

m) ,uz;L + ly;y M) ,uz; + my;y
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,) ,uz;L + ,y;y <) ,uz;L + my;y [tpil : <]
4. `je;Jjt[k’; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; ghh;j;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ

m) je;J + cjt[k; M) jh + cjt[k;
,) je;J + jt[k; <) je;j + cjt[k; [tpil : m]
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88 ` f=;fh `
al
5. xg;g[ik+ ,y;yhj vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ
m) xg;g[ik,y;yhj M) xg;gpy;yhj
,) xg;g[ikapy;yhj <) xg;g[,y;yhj [tpil : ,]
ad
FWtpdh
1. jkpH;ehl;od; ,aw;if ts=;fshff; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
- jkpH;ehl;oy; tPRk; bjd;wypy; njd; kzk; fkGk;.
ik
- RitkpFe;j gH=;fSk; j=;fk; nghd;w jhdpaf; fjph;fSk; tpisa[k;.
- jkpH;ehl;od; ed;bra; epytsk; xd;wpuz;ly;y gythFk;.
2. ’xd;wy;y,uz;ly;y’ ? ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ts;sy;fs; Fwpj;j bra;jpfis
v
vGJf.
- Ky;iyf;Fj; njh; je;j ts;sy; nts;ghhp.
j rpWtpdh
al
- g[ythpd; brhy;Yf;Fj; jd; jiyiana juj; Jzpe;jtd; Fkz ts;sy;.
.k
1. jkpGf;F tsk; nrh;f;Fk; ,yf;fpa tiffshff; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
kp - giftiu btd;W ghLtJ guzp ,yf;fpak;.
H; - ghpghly;/ fyk;gf E}y;fs;/ vl;Lj;bjhif/ jpUf;Fws;/ r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs;

w
? Mfpad jkpGf;F tsk; nrh;f;Fk; ,yf;fpa tiffshff; ftp+h; TWfpwhh;.

rpe;jid tpdh
1. jkpHpy; mw,yf;fpa=;fs; kpFjpahff; fhuzk; ahJ>
w
- r=;ffhyj;jpd; ,Wjpg;gFjp Mlk;guKk; MuthuKk; kpf;fJ.

- fiy vd;w bgahpy; xGf;ff;nfLfs; jiyJ}f;fpd.
w
- jkpHfj;jpd; mfg;g[w xGf;f=;fs; ghJfhf;fg;glhky; xJf;fg;gl;ld.

- FHg;gkhd mr;NHypy; ePjpa[k; mwKk; njitg;gl;lJ.
7
- vdnt /jkpHpy; mw,yf;fpa=;fs; kpFjpahfj; njhd;wpd.
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1. giftiu btd;wijg; ghLk; ,yf;fpak;

m) ghpghly; M) guzp
,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs; <) jpUf;Fws; [tpil : M]
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` f=;fh ` 9
al
2. bghUj;Jf.
1. giftiu btd;wijg; ghLtJ ? m) ghpghly;
2. ,irg;ghly; ? M) guzp
ad
3. thd;g[fH; bfhz;lJ ? ,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs;
4. mfk;/ g[wk; bka;gb
; ghUshff; bfhz;lJ ? <) jpUf;Fws;
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
ik
3.
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? <
gFj;jwpt[f; ftpuhah; vd;W g[fHg;gLgth;
[tpil : m]
g
m) ghujpahh; M) ftpkzp
U
v
,) Rujh <) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : <]
t
4.
m) ghujpahh;
,) Rujh
al
jkJ ghly;fs; @yk; gFj;jwpt[f; fUj;Jfisg; gug;gpath;
M) ftpkzp
<) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : <]
k;
1
.k
5. jkpH;j;jpiug;glg; ghlyhrphpauhft[k; ehlf vGj;jhsuhft[k; g[fH;bgw;w ftp+h;
m) ghujpahh; M) ftpkzp
,) Rujh <) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : <]
w
6. Ky;iyf;Fj; njh; je;J g[fH;bgw;wtd;

m) nts;ghhp M) Fkzd; ,) mjpakhd; <) ngfd; [tpil : m]
w
7. g[ythpd; brhy;Yf;fhfj; jd; jiyiana juj; Jzpe;jtd;

m) nts;ghhp M) Fkzd; ,) mjpakhd; <) ngfd; [tpil : M]
8. ,irg;ghly; ,yf;fpak;
w
m) ghpghly; M) guzp
,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs; <) jpUf;Fws; [tpil : m]
7
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9. mfk;/ g[wk; bka;g;bghUshff; bfhz;l ,yf;fpak;

m) ghpghly; M) guzp
,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs; <) jpUf;Fws; [tpil : ,]
ps
10. thd;g[fH; bfhz;l ,yf;fpak;

m) ghpghly; M) guzp
,) r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs; <) jpUf;Fws; [tpil : <]
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01
10 ` f=;fh `
al
11. jhdpaf; fjpUf;Ff; Twg;gl;l ctik
m) fdp M) bjd;wy; ,) bghd; <) njd; [tpil : ,]
ad
nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.
1. xd;wy;y ,uz;ly;y ghlypd; Mrphpah; tpil : cLkiy ehuhaz ftp
2. jkpH;ehL epytsKk; ePh;tsKk; kl;Lkpd;wp tsKk; tsKk;
epuk;gpaJ. tpil : bghUs;/ mUs;
3. jkpHf kd;dh;fSk; ts;sy;fSk; kpf;fth;fshf tps=;fpdh;.
ik
tpil : bfhilj;jpwd;
4. ’ftpr;brhy;Yf;F’ vd;w brhy;ypy; ‘ftp’vd;gjd; bghUs;
tpil : g[ytd;
v
5. Ky;iyf;Fj; njh; bfhLj;jhd; tpil : nts;ghhp
j
FW tpdh
1. al
”thd;KfpypDk; g[fH;gilj;j cgfhhp” vd;w ghlyoapy; ,lk; bgWk; ‘Kfpy;’
‘cgfhhp’ Mfpa brhw;fspd; bghUs; ahJ>
.k
1. Kfpy; ? nkfk; 2. cgfhhp ? ts;sy;
kp 2. jkpH;ehl;oYs;s ts=;fs; ahit>

1. epy tsk; 2. ePh; tsk; 3. bghUs; tsk; 4. mUs; tsk;
H;
w
3. jkpH;bkhHpapYs;s ts=;fs; ahit>

1. ,yf;fpa tsk; 2. ,yf;fz tsk;
4. jkpHfj;jpy; bfhilj;jpwd; kpf;fth;fshfj; jpfH;e;jth;fs; ahth;>
w
1. kd;dh;fs; 2. ts;sy;fs;
5. kiH nkfj;ij tplg; g[fH;bgw;wtd; ahh;> mtd; bray; ahJ>
- kiH nkfj;ij tplg; g[fH;bgw;wtd; : ts;sy; nts;ghhp.
w
- mtd; bray; : Ky;iyf; bfho glh;tjw;Fj; jd; tpiy cah;e;j njiuf; bfhLj;jy;.
6. v=;Fj; njd; kzk; fkGk;>
7 jkpHfj;jpy; tPRk; bjd;wy; fhw;wpy; njd; kzk; fkGk;.

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7. ed;bra; epyk; vd;why; vd;d>

Mw;WePh;/ Fsj;JePh;/ fpzw;WePh; Mfpa ePh;ts Mjhu=;fisf; bfhz;L Xh; Mz;Lf;F
@d;W nghf=;fs; tiu ntshz;ik bra;a[k; epyj;bjhFjp ed;bra; epyk;
ps
vdg;gLfpd;wJ.
8. ed;bra; epyg;gaph;fs; ahit>
bey;/ thiH/ fUk;g[.
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` f=;fh ` 11
al
rpW tpdh:
1. cLkiy ehuhaz ftp ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
ad
,aw;bgah; : ehuhazrhkp
fhyk; : 25.9.1899 ? 23.5.1981
rpwg;g[g;bgah; : gFj;jwpt[f; ftpuhah;
gzp : jkpH;j;jpiug;glg; ghlyhrphpah;/ ehlf vGj;jhsh;
ik
rpwg;g[fs; : fiykhkzp gl;lk;/ 31.12.2008y; ,e;jpa m+;ry; Jiw ,thpd;
m+;ry; jiyia btspapl;Ls;sJ. cLkiyg; ngl;ilapy; rpiy
kw;Wk; kzpkz;lgj;ijj; jkpHf muR epWtpa[s;sJ.
g
U
v
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. jkpGf;Ff; bfhil bfhLj;j ts;sy;fs; gw;wp vGJf. t
al
1. jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fs; njhd;w cjtpa ts;sy;fisj; jkpGf;Ff; bfhil bfhLj;j
ts;sy;fs; vdyhk;. k;
1
- mjpad; (xsitf;F cjtpatd;)
.k
- ahidf;fl; nra; khe;ju+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw (I=;FW E}W bjhFg;gpj;jtd;)
- g[{hpf;nfh (Few;bjhifiaj; bjhFg;gpj;jtd;)
- gd;dhL je;j khwd; tGjp (ew;wpiziaj; bjhFg;gpj;jtd;)
w
- ghz;oad; cf;fpug;bgUtGjp (mfehD}W bjhFg;gpj;jtd;)

- rilag;g ts;sy; (fk;guhkhazk; vGj cjtpath;)
- rPjf;fhjp/ mg[y; fhrpk; (rPwhg;g[uhzk; vGj cjtpath;)
w
- re;jpud; Rth;f;fp (esbtz;gh vGj cjtpath;)
2. jkpHpy; cs;s gy;ntW ,yf;fpa tot=;fspd; bgah;fisg; gl;oaypLf.

w
1. fPH;f;fzf;F 2. nky;fzf;F 3. mw,yf;fpak;
7
4. bgU=;fhg;gpak; 5. rpW fhg;gpak; 6. rpWfij
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7. kug[f;ftpij 8. g[Jf;ftpij 9. g[jpdk;

10. ehl;Lg;g[w ,yf;fpak;.
ps
vav
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www.tnpscjob.com
.i
21
12 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay; ciueil ngr;R bkhHpa[k; vGj;J
1 cyfk; bkhHpa[k;
ad
ik
1. bkhHpapd; Kjy;epiy ngRjy; MfpadthFk;.
m) goj;jy; M) nfl;ly; ,) vGJjy; <) tiujy; [tpil : M];
v
2. xypapd; thptotk; MFk;.
m) ngr;R M) vGj;J ,) Fuy; <) ghl;L [tpil : M]
j
3.
4. ngr;RbkhHpia
al
jkpHpd; fpisbkhHpfspy; xd;W
m) cUJ M) ,e;jp
vd;Wk; TWth;
,) bjY=;F <) M=;fpyk; [tpil : ,]
.k
kp m) ,yf;fpa M) cyf ,) E}y; <) bkhHp [tpil : M]
H; rhpah jtwh vd vGJf.

w
1. bkhHp fhyj;jpw;nfw;g khWfpwJ. tpil : rhp

2. vGj;JbkhHp fhyk; fle;Jk; epiyj;J epw;fpwJ. tpil : rhp
3. ngRgthpd; fUj;jpw;F Vw;g cldor; bray;ghl;ow;F cjt[tJ vGj;JbkhHp.
w
tpil : rhp
4. vGj;JbkhHpapy; cly;bkhHpf;F tha;g;g[ mjpfk;. tpil: jtW
w
5. ngr;RbkhHp rpwg;ghf mikaf; Fuy; Vw;wj; jhH;t[ mtrpak;. tpil: rhp

Clf=;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.
7
thbdhyp/ bjhiyf;fhl;rp/ bra;jpj;jhs;/ E}y;fs;/ jpiug;glk;/ kpd;d+;ry;
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bra;jpj;jhs; thbdhyp
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E}y;fs; bjhiyf;fhl;rp
kpd;d+;ry; jpiug;glk;
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www.tnpscjob.com
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` f=;fh ` 13
al
FW tpdh
1. bkhHpd; ,Utot=;fs; ahit>
1. ngr;RbkhHp 2. vGj;JbkhHp
ad
2. ngr;RbkhHp vd;why; vd;d>
thapdhy; ngrg;gl;L gpwuhy; czug;gLtJ ngr;RbkhHp MFk;.
3. tl;lhubkhHp vdg;gLtJ ahJ>
ik
g
,lj;jpw;F ,lk; ngr;RbkhHp khWgLk;. kdpjh;fspd; thH;tpay; NHYf;F
Vw;gt[k; ngr;RbkhHp khWgLk;. ,t;thW khWgLk; xnu bkhHpapd; btt;ntW
tot=;fis tl;lhu bkhHp vd;gh;.
U
v
rpW tpdh
1. ngr;RbkhHpf;Fk; vGj;JbkhHpf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s ntWghLfSs; ehd;fid t
tpsf;Ff.
ngr;RbkhHp
al vGj;JbkhHp
k;
1. ngr;RbkhHpapy; brhw;fs; FWfp 1. vGj;JbkhHpapy; brhw;fs;
1
.k
xypf;Fk;. KGikahf vGjg;gLk;.
v.fh. ey;yhr; rhg;lhd; v.fh. ed;whfr; rhg;gpl;lhd;
2. czh;r;rpf; TWfs; mjpfk;. 2. czh;r;rpf; TWfs; Fiwt[.
w
3. cly;bkhHp/ Fuy; Vw;wj;jhH;tf

[ F
; ,lk; 3. cly;bkhHp/ Fuy; Vw;wj;jhH;t[f;F
cz;L. ,lkpy;iy.
w
4. jpUj;jkhd bkhHpeilapy; mikfpwJ. 4. jpUj;jkhd bkhHpeilapy;

miktjpy;iy.
2. fpisbkhHpfs; vt;thW cUthfpd;wd>
w
- xnu bkhHpiag; ngRk; kf;fs; btt;ntW ,l=;fspy; thH;fpd;wdh;.

- thGk; ,lj;jpd; epymikg;g[/ ,aw;ifj;jilfs; nghd;wtw;wpd; fhuzkhf
7
mth;fs; ngRk; bkhHpapy; rpwpJ rpwpjhf khw;wk; Vw;gLk;.
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- mth;fSf;F ,ilna cs;s bjhlh;g[ Fiwa[k; nghJ ,k;khw;w=;fs; kpFjpahfpg;

g[jpa bkhHpahfg; gphpa[k;. mJnt `fpisbkhHp~ vd;gh;.
- fd;dlk;/ bjY=;F/ kiyahsk; Mfpa jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; jkpHpypUe;J gphpe;J
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brd;w fpisbkhHp MFk;.

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41
14 ` f=;fh `
al
rpe;jid tpdh
,yf;fpa=;fs; fhyk; fle;Jk; mHpahky; thH;tjw;F vd;d fhuzk; vd;W
fUJfpwPh;fs;>
ad
- ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhyj;ijf; fhl;Lk; fz;zho vd;gh;. ,yf;fpa=;fs; jhk; njhd;wpa
fhyr; NHiyf; fhl;LtjhYk; gz;ghL/ ehfhpfk;/ r@f thH;f;if Mfpatw;iwf;
fhl;LtjhYk; mit mHpahky; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
- thH;nthL ,ize;j Rit bfhz;L ,yf;fpa=;fs; gilf;fg;gLtjhYk;
ik
ePjpbewpfis Kd;itg;gjhYk; ,d;Wk; ,yf;fpa=;fs; vGj;J totpy;
,Ug;gjhYk; ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhyk; fle;Jk; mHpahky; thH;fpd;wd.
TLjy; tpdh
v
j
1.
m) Kjy;
al
ngRtJk; nfl;gJk; bkhHpapd;
M) ,uz;lhk;
epiy
,) @d;whk; <) ehd;fhk; [tpil : m]
.k
2. thapdhy; ngrg;gl;L gpwuhy; czug;gLtJ MFk;.
kp m) vGj;JbkhHp M) ngr;RbkhHp
H;
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp [tpil : M]
w
3. fz;zhy; fz;L czUkhW thptotkhf vGjg;gl;Lg; gof;fg;gLtJ

m) vGj;JbkhHp M) ngr;RbkhHp
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp [tpil : m]
w
4. vGjg;gLtJk; gof;fg;gLtJk; bkhHpapd; epiy

m) Kjy; M) ,uz;lhk; ,) @d;whk; <) ehd;fhk; [tpil : M]
w
5. nehpy; fhz ,ayhj epiyapy; bra;jpiaj; bjhptpf;f cjt[tJ

7 ,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp [tpil : m]

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6. kdpjdpd; rpe;jid fhyk; fle;Jk; thH;tjw;Ff; fhuzk;

ps
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp [tpil : m]

7. bkhHpapd; caph; ehoahf tps=;FtJ
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) bra;if bkhHp [tpil : M]
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` f=;fh ` 15
al
8. ngr;RbkhHpapy; ‘FHe;ijia ey;yhf; ftdp=;f` vd;W TWk;nghJ ‘ftdp` vd;Dk;
brhy;jUk; bghUs;
m) ngQjy; M) ftdpj;Jr;bry;
ad
,) ghJfhg;g[g; bghUs; <) ghU=;fs; [tpil : m]
9. ‘ehd; gwitiag; ghh;j;njd;` ? ,j;bjhlh; ‘gwitiag; ghh;j;jJ ahh;>` vd;w
tpdhthf mika[k; nghJ / mGj;jk; bfhLf;fntz;oa brhy; vJ>
m) gwit M) ehd; ,) ghh;j;jJ <) ahh; [tpil : M]
ik
10. khWgLk; xnu bkhHpapd; btt;ntW tot=;fs;....... vd;gh;.
g
U
,) ,yf;fpa bkhHp <) tl;lhu bkhHp [tpil : <]
v
11. bghUe;jhjtw;iwj; njh;e;njLf;f.
t
m) jkpH; ? fpis bkhHp
,) kiyahsk; ? fpis bkhHp al M) fd;dlk; ? fpis bkhHp
<) bjY=;F ? fpis bkhHp [tpil : m] k;
1
12. bghUj;Jf
.k
1. jkpH; ? m) ,ul;il tHf;F
2. fd;dlk; ? M) ey;yhr; rhg;l;lhd;
3. tl;lhu bkhHp ? ,) fPJ
w
4. ngr;R tHf;F ? <) fpis bkhHp

m) 1? m/ 2 ? </ 3?,/ 4?M M) 1? </ 2?M/ 3?,/ 4? m
w
,) 1? </ 2 ? ,/ 3?m/ 4?M <) 1? m/ 2?,/ 3?M/ 4?< [tpil : m]
nfhol;l ,lj;ij epug;g[f.

w
1. cyf tHf;F / bra;a[s; tHf;F gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLgth; tpil : bjhy;fhg;gpah;

2. ,ul;il tHf;F bkhHp tpil : jkpH;
3.
7
vGj;JbkhHpapy; bgUk;ghYk; ngzg;gLfpd;wJ. tpil : bkhHpj;J}a;ik
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4. xUbkhHp
a[k; caph;g;nghL thH a[k;/ fhyk; fle;J thH;tjw;F
njitg;gLfpd;wd. tpil : ngr;RbkhHp/ vGj;JbkhHp
ps
5. `vspa eilapy; jkpH; E}y; vGjplt[k; ntz;Lk;~ vd;W ghoath;

tpil : ghnte;jh; ghujpjhrd;.
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61
16 ` f=;fh `
al
FWtpdh
1. ,ul;il tHf;F bkhHp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
ngr;RbkhHpf;Fk; vGj;J bkhHpf;Fk; ,ilna bghpa mstpy; ntWghL ,Ue;jhy;
ad
mBJ ,ul;il tHf;F bkhHp MFk;.
rhd;W : jkpH; bkhHp
2. FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jha;bkhHpa[k; gpwbkhHpa[k; vt;thW mwpKfkhfpd;wd>
ik
- nfl;ly;/ ngRjy; vd;Dk; Kjy; epiyapnyna FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jha;bkhHp
mwpKfkhfpwJ.
- goj;jy;/ vGJjy; vd;Dk; ,uz;lhk; epiyapy; FHe;ijfSf;Fg; gpwbkhHpfs;
mwpKfkhfpwJ.
v
3. ngr;RbkhHp/ vGj;JbkhHp vd;gij; bjhy;fhg;gpah; vr;brhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;>
j 4.
al
1. ngr;RbkhHp ? cyf tHf;F/
2. vGj;JbkhHp ? bra;a[s; tHf;F
jkpHpy; ,Ue;J gphpe;J brd;w fpisbkhHpfs; ahit>
.k
1. fd;dlk;/ 2. bjY=;F/ 3. kiyahsk;
kp 5. ngr;RbkhHp/ vGj;J bkhHp vd;Dk; ,U TWfisa[k; bfhz;l bkhHp vJ>
H; jkpH; bkhHp.
w
6. gHika[k; g[Jika[k; epiwe;J rpwe;j bkhHp vJ>

jkpH; bkhHp.
w
7. bkhHp vd;gJ ahJ>

jdJ vz;z=;fisa[k czh;r;rpfisa[k; gpwUf;F btspg;gLj;Jtjw;F kdpjdhy;
cUthf;fg;gl;lnj bkhHp vd;gh;.
w
8. ngr;RbkhHpapd; rpwg;g[f;TWfs; ahit>

ngRgtdpd; cly;bkhHp/ xypg;gjpy; Vw;w ,wf;fk; Mfpadt[k; ngr;RbkhHpapd;
7
rpwg;g[f; TWfs; MFk;.
://
9. Clf=;fs; rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1. thbdhyp 2. bjhiyf;fhl;rp 3. ehnsLfs;
ps
10. jpUj;jkhd jkpiH v=;bf=;Fg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;>

jpUj;jkhd jkpiHna Clf=;fspYk; ,yf;fpa=;fspYk; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 17
al
rpW tpdh
1. ngr;R bkhHp/ vGj;JbkhHp/ tl;lhu tHf;F Mfpatw;iw tpsf;fp rhd;W jUf.
ngr;R bkhHp : thapdhy; ngrg;gl;L gpwuhy; czug;gLtJ ngr;RbkhHp MFk;.
ad
czh;tf [ is vspjhf btspg;gLj;Jk;.fUj;ij btspg;gLj;Jtij
kl;Lnk nehf;fkhff; bfhz;lJ.ngRgtdpd; cly;bkhHp/
xypg;gjpy; Vw;w ,wf;fk; Mfpadt[k; ngr;RbkhHpapd; rpwg;g[f;
TWfs; MFk;.
rhd;W : FHe;ijia ey;yhf; ftdp=;f.
ik
vGj;JbkhHp : ngr;R bkhHpf;F ehk; je;j totnk vGj;JbkhHp . fz;zhy;
fz;L czUkhW thptotkhf vGjg;gl;Lg; gof;fg;gLtJ g
vGj;JbkhHp. xU bkhHpahdJ ePz;l fhyk; epiybgw vGj;J
U
v
bkhHpna fhuzk;.
rhd;W : ed;whfr; rhg;gpl;lhd;.
t
al
tl;lhu tHf;F : ,lj;jpw;F ,lk; ngr;RbkhHp khWgLk;. kdpjh;fspd; thH;tpay;
NHYf;F Vw;gt[k; ngr;RbkhHp khWgLk;. ,t;thW khWgLk; xnu
bkhHpapd; btt;ntW tot=;fis tl;lhubkhHp vd;gh;.
k;
1
rhd;W : `,Uf;fpwJ~ vd;w brhy;iy `,Uf;F~/ `fPJ~ vd tH=;FtJ.
.k
beL tpdh
1. ngr;RbkhHpapy; brhw;bghUs; ntWghLfs; Fwpj;J vGJf.
- ngrg;gLk; NHiyg; bghWj;J ngr;RbkhHpapy; bghUs; ntWgLk;.
w
- vLj;Jf;fhl;lhff; `FHe;ijia ey;yhf; ftdp=;f~ vd;W TWk;nghJ `ftdp~

vd;Dk; brhy; ngQjy; vd;Dk; bghUisj; jUfpd;wJ. èpy;~/ `bry;~/ ftdp~
vd;gjpy; `ftdp~ vd;Dk; brhy; ftdpj;Jr; bry; vd;Dk; ghJfhg;g[g; bghUisj;
w
jUfpd;wJ.
- xypg;gjd; Vw;w ,wf;fKk; bghUs; ntWghl;ilj; jUk;.
- vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf `vd;dhy; nghf KoahJ` vd;Dk; bjhlh; X=;fp xypf;Fk; nghJ
w
kWg;iga[k; / bkd;ikahf xypf;Fk; nghJ ,ayhikia czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.

- bjhlhpy; vr;brhy;Yf;F mGj;jk; bfhLf;fpnwhnkh mjw;nfw;g ngr;RbkhHpapd;
7
brhy; ntWgLfpd;wJ.
://
- vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf èhd; gwitiag; ghh;j;njd;;~ vd;Dk; bjhlhpy; èhd;` vd;Dk;

brhy;Yf;F mGj;jk; bfhLj;jhy; / `gwitiag; ghh;j;jJ ahh;>~ vd;Dk; tpdht[f;F
tpilahf mika[k;.
ps
- `gwitia~ vd;Dk; brhy;Yf;F mGj;jk; bfhLj;jhy;/ èP vijg; ghh;j;jha;;>~

vd;Dk; tpdht[f;F tpilahf mika[k;.
- `ghh;j;njd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;Yf;F mGj;jk; bfhLj;jhy;/ èP gwitia vd;d
bra;jha;>~ vd;Dk; tpdht[f;F tpilahf mika[k;.
tt
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.i
81
18 ` f=;fh `
al
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fs; tPl;oy; gad;gLj;Jk; ngr;R tHf;Fj; bjhlh;fSf;F ,izahd vGj;J
ad
tHf;Fj; bjhlh;fis vGjp tUf.
(v.fh.) ngr;RbkhHp ? mk;kh grpf;fpJ vdf;Fr; nrhW ntQk;.
vGj;JbkhHp ? mk;kh grpf;fpd;wJ. vdf;Fr; nrhW ntz;Lk;.
1. ngr;RbkhHp ? t{l;Lf;F nghfDk;.
ik
vGj;JbkhHp ? tPl;ow;Fg; nghf ntz;Lk;.
2. ngr;RbkhHp ? tt[W epiwah rhg;g[L .

vGj;JbkhHp ? tapW epiwa rhg;gpL.
v
3. ngr;RbkhHp ? ,d;dpf;F fhj;jhy th=;fpl;L te;nj
vGj;JbkhHp ? ,d;iwf;Ff; fhiyapy; th=;fp te;njd;.
j
4. al
ngr;RbkhHp ? jz;zp bfhz;lh
vGj;JbkhHp ? jz;zPh; bfhz;L th.
.k
2. ngRk; nghJ rpyneu=;fspy; brhw;fspd; ,Wjpapy; cfuk; nrh;e;J xypg;gJ cz;L.
kp `M~ vd;Dk; vGj;J ,fukhf khWtJ cz;L. mt;thW xypf;Fk; brhw;fis vGjp
mtw;Wf;F ,izahd vGj;j tHf;Fr; brhw;fisa[k; vGJf.
H;
w
(v.fh) brhy;Y ? brhy;/ epy;Y ? epy;/ te;jpah ? te;jhah>/ rhg;oah ? rhg;gpl;lhah>
bry;Y bry; nghdpah nghdhah>

bfhy;Y bfhy; ghh;j;jpah ghh;j;jhah>
w
bty;Y bty; brhd;dpah brhd;dhah>

js;S js; bfhLj;jpah bfhLj;jhah>
w
Js;S Js; bra;jpah bra;jhah>
vav
7
://
1. KjbyGj;J jkpHpd; mLj;j vGj;J fil @d;W nrh;e;jhy; xU vz;zpf;if bkhj;jj;jpy;

,J tUKd; vr;rhpf;if njit>
ps
2. Kjy; ,uz;il ,He;jhy; xsp ,y;iy. fil ,uz;il Ie;jwpt[ $PtDf;F fhl;LtJ
ahh;> KjYk; fila[k; nrh;e;jhy; if ,He;j bgz;. bkhj;jj;jpy; mHfpa bgauhft[k;
,Uf;Fk; ehd; ahh;> (tpilfs; gf;fk;? 139 )
vav
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 19
al
,ay; tphpthdk; brhytilfs;
1 (bghk;kyhl;lk;)
ad
ghlg;gFjp bghk;kyhl;lf; fhl;rpfisr; rpWfijahf vGJf.
`MSf;F xU ntiy~
ik
Kd;Diu
fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ij czh;j;Jk; `MSf;F xU ntiy~ vd;Dk; bghk;kyhl;lf; g
fij epfH;itr; rpWfij totpy; fhz;nghk;.
igadpd; gpothjKk; bgw;nwhh; mwpt[iua[k; U
v
mk;kh/ mg;gh/ igad; vd rpWFLk;gk; xd;Ws;sJ.
mf;FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s igad; xG=;fhfg; gs;spf; t
al
Tlk; bry;yhky; Ch;Rw;wpf; bfhz;nl ,Ug;ghd; .
ahh; mwpt[iu TwpdhYk; nfl;fhj gpothj Fzk;
bfhz;ltd;. mtdJ gpothjj;ij ahuhYk; khw;w
k;
1
KoahJ. xU ehs; mg;gh me;jg; igadplk;/ `,g;bghGJ
.k
eP gof;ftpy;iy vd;why; thH;f;ifapy; Kd;ndw
KoahJ/ gs;spf;Tlk; ngha; go~ vd;whh;. mk;kht[k;/ `gof;ftpy;iybad;why; ahUk;
kjpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;~ vd;whh;. mtd; ntz;lh btWg;ghfg; gs;spf;Tlk; brd;whd;.
tpisahl miHj;jy;
w
tHf;fk; nghynt gs;spf; Tlj;ij tpl;L Xl;lk;

gpof;fpd;whd;. tpisahl ahuhtJ tUthh;fsh>
vd;W ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jhd;. mg;bghGJ vWk;g[
xd;W te;jJ. mjid tpisahlf; Tg;gpl;lhd;.
w
Mdhy; mJ jd; FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jPdp bfhLf;f

ntz;Lk;. mhprp/ jtpL nrfhpf;f ntz;Lk;. cdf;Fj;
jhd; ntiy ,y;iy vd;wJ. gpwF njdP / bghjpkhL/ Mik/ Kay; Mfpatw;iw
xt;bthd;whf tpisahlf; Tg;gpl;lhd;.mtDf;Fg; g[j;jp g[fl;Lk; tz;zk; VjhtJ
w
xU fhuzj;ijr; brhy;yp mit tpisahl kWj;J tpl;ld.

kdkhw;wk;
7
<ukhd Fl;or; Rth; kPJ mtd; mkh;e;jhd;. Rth; ,oe;J/ mjpypUe;j g{r;rp/ vWk;g[/
tz;L Mfpad `cdf;Fj; jhd; ntiy ,y;iy/ eh=;fs; nrh;j;j bghUis vy;yhk;
://
cilj;J tpl;lhna-~ vd;Wr; brhy;yp mtidf; foj;jd. kdk; khwpa igad;

jd; mk;khtplk;/ `cyfj;jpy; </ vWk;g[ Tl Rk;kh ,y;yhky; ntiy bra;fpd;wd.
gog;gJ jhd; vd; ntiy vd;gijg; g[hpe;J bfhz;nld;. ,dp xG=;fhfg; gs;spf;Fr;
ps
bry;fpd;nwd;~ vd;whd;.
Kot[iu
`xt;bthUtUf;Fk; xU ntiy cz;L. khzf;fh;fSf;Fg; gog;gJ kl;Lk; jhd;
ek; ntiy~ vd;gij ,f;fijapd; @yk; ehk; mwpaKofpd;wJ.
fij czh;j;Jk; ePjp : go - Kjw;go- mJnt thH;f;ifg; go-
tt
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.i
02
20 ` f=;fh `
al
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fs; gFjpapy; tH=;fp tUk; brhytilfisj; bjhFj;J tUf.
ad
1. tPl;Lf;F tPL thrw; go.
2. tPl;ilf; fl;og;ghh;/ fy;ahzk; gz;zpg;ghh;.
3. mor;R tsf;fhj g[s;sa[k; xor;R tsf;fhj KU=;ifa[k; cUg;glhJ.
4. vwr;r fpzW CWk;.
5. eha; tpj;j fhR bfhyf;fth bra;a[k;.
ik
6. CuhU g[s;sa Cl;o tsj;jh jd;g[s;s jd;dhy tsUk;.
7. mr;rhzp ,y;yhj njh; Kr;rhQk; XlhJ.
8. Fw;wKs;s be+;R FWFWf;Fk;.
v
9. fhzp nrhk;gy; / nfho nfL.
10.khndz;zh g[s;sp bfhwa[kh> kapnyz;zh vwF cjpWkh>
j
2. ghlg;gFjpapy;,lk;bgw;Ws;s
al brhytilfspy;
njh;e;bjLj;Jr; brhw;bwhlh;fspy; mikj;J vGJf.
vitnaDk; Ie;jidj;
(v.fh) Fj;Jf;fy;Yf;Ff; Fspuh btapyh vd;gJ nghy; vd; ez;gd; vijg; gw;wpa[k;
.k
ftiyg;glhky; thH;e;J te;jhd;.
kp 1. vWk;g[ Cuf; fy;Yk; nja[k; :

khzth;fsplk; Mrphpah; vWk;g[ Cuf; fy;Yk; nja[k; vd;gJ nghy jPa gHf;f=;fspd;
H; bfhLikapidf; Twp kdkhw;wk; milar; bra;thh;.
w
2. brhg;gdj;jpy; fz;l mhprp nrhj;Jf;F MFkh>

fw;gidapy; kpje;J ,Ug;gth;fs; brhg;gdj;jpy; fz;l mhprp nrhj;Jf;F MFkh>
vd;gij czu ntz;Lk;.
w
3. mjpu mor;rh cjpu tpisa[k; :

mjpu mor;rh cjpu tpisa[k; vd;gJ nghy thH;tpy; Kd;ndw bjhlh; Kaw;rp
bra;jhy; nghJk;.
w
4. fhtog; ghuk; Rkf;fpwtDf;Fj; jhd; bjhpa[k; :

fhtog; ghuk; Rkf;fpwtDf;Fj; jhd; bjhpa[k; vd;gJ nghy ciHg;gtUf;Fj; jhd;
7
gzj;jpd; mUik bjhpa[k;.
://
5. ghog;gho Fj;jpdhYk; gjW mhprp MFkh>

jPatd; nfho qghiaf; nfhtpy; cz;oaypy; nghLtJ ghog;gho Fj;jpdhYk;
gjW mhprp MFkh> vd;gJ nghyg; g[z;zpak; fpilf;Fkh>
ps
vav
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 21
al
,ay; fw;fz;L
Fw;wpaYfuk;/ Fw;wpaypfuk;
1
ad
fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fisf; Fw;wpaYfu tifapd; mog;gilapy; tifg;gLj;Jf.
ik
MW/ vBF/ fUk;g[/ tpwF/ cHf;F/ vl;L/ VL/ ge;J/ fhR/ bfha;J
beoy; Ma;jj;
caph;j; bjhlh; td;bjhlh; bkd; bjhlh;
,ilj; g
bjhlh; bjhlh; bjhlh;
U
v
fhR vBF MW vl;L ge;J bfha;J
VL
tpwF
cHf;F fUk;g[
t
al
bghUe;jhj brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
1 gR/ tpL/ MW/ fU tpil : fU
k;
1
.k
2. ghf;F/ g+;R/ ghl;L/ gj;J tpil : g+;R
3. MW / khR/ ghF/ mJ tpil : mJ
4. muR/ va;J/ @H;F/khh;g[ tpil : muR
w
5. gz;g[/ k+;R/ fz;L/ vBF tpil : vBF

FW tpdh
1. `Fw;wpaYfuk;` vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J tpsf;fk; jUf.
w
Fw;wpaYfuk; ? FWik + ,ay; + cfuk;

jdf;Fhpa Xirapy; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk; cfuk; Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;.
2. Fw;wpaypfuk; vd;why; vd;d>
w
KGikahf xU khj;jpiu mstpy; xypf;fhky; miukhj;jpiu msthff; Fiwe;J

xypf;Fk; ,fuk; Fw;wpaypfuk; vdg;gLk;.
7
://
TLjy; tpdh
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJ.
1. bghUj;Jf.
ps
1. beoy; bjhlh; ? m) vBF/ mBJ

2. Ma;jj; bjhlh; ? M) muR/ xd;gJ/ fapW
3. caph;j; bjhlh; ? ,) ghF/ khR/ ghL/ fhJ
4. td;bjhlh; ? <) ghf;F/ ngr;R/ ghl;L
tt
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.i
22
22 ` f=;fh `
al
m) 1?m/ 2? </ 3?,/ 4?M M) 1?</ 2?M/ 3?,/ 4?m
,) 1? ,/ 2?m/ 3?M/ 4?< <) 1? m/ 2?,/ 3?M/ 4?< [tpil : ,]
2. Fw;;wpaYfuj;jpd; tiffs;
ad
m) MW M) ehd;F ,) Ie;J <) ,uz;L [tpil : m]
3. bghUe;jhj ,iziaf; fz;lwpf.
m) capbuGj;J ? 12 M) bka;baGj;J ? 18
,) rhh;bgGj;J ? 10 <) jkpH; vGj;J ? 5 [tpil : <]
ik
4. Fw;wpaYfuk; bgWk; khj;jpiu mst[
m) xd;W M) ,uz;L ,) miu <) fhy; [tpil : ,]
v
5. Fw;wpaypfuk; bgWk; khj;jpiu mst[
m) xd;W M) ,uz;L ,) miu <) fhy; [tpil : ,]
j
6.
7.
al
Fw;wpaypfuk; gapd;W te;j brhy;iyj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
m) vBF M) fapW ,) gw;W
gpd;tUk; rhd;Wfspy; Kw;wpaYfuk; my;yhjijj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
<) bfhf;fpahJ [tpil : <]
.k
kp 8.
m) g[F M) gR ,) ge;J
bkd; bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfur; rhd;wpidj; njh;t[ bra;f.
<) VG [tpil : ,]
H; m) vBF M) fhJ ,) va;J <) k+;R [tpil : <]

w
9. ,ilj; bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfur; rhd;wpidj; njh;t[ bra;f.

m) vBF M) fhJ ,) va;J <) k+;R [tpil : ,]
w
10. njhg;gpahJ/ nfz;kpah ? Mfpa brhw;fs; f;Fr; rhd;W.

m) Fw;wpaypfuk; M) beoy; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;
,) Kw;wpaYfuk; <) Fw;wpaYfuk; [tpil : m]
w

1. jdf;Fhpa Xirapy; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk; cfuk; MFk;.
7 tpil : Fw;wpaYfuk;
://
2. KGikahf xU khj;jpiu mstpy; xypf;fhky; miukhj;jpiu msthff; Fiwe;J

xypf;Fk; ,fuk; vdg;gLk;. tpil : Fw;wpaypfuk;
3. jdpf;Fwpy; vGj;ij mLj;J tUk; ty;ypd cfu=;fs; Xir Fiwahky; xU khj;jpiu
ps
mstpy; KGikahf xypg;gij vd;gh;. tpil : Kw;wpaYfuk;

4. Fwpy; vGj;Jfisf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mirr; brhy;
tpil : fuk;
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.i
` f=;fh ` 23
al
5. beoy; vGj;Jfisf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mirr; brhy;
tpil : fhd;
6. Fwpy;/beoy; vGj;Jfisf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mirr; brhy;
ad
tpil : fhuk;
7. Ma;j vGj;ijf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mirr; brhy;
tpil : nfdk;
8. rhh;bgGj;J tifg;gLk;. tpil : gj;J
ik
9. Fw;wpYfuj;jpd; tiffs; tpil : MW
g
U
10. vd;Dk; vGj;ijj; bjhlh;e;J tUk; Fw;wpaYfur;brhw;fs; ,y;iy.
tpil : `t;`
v
11. / /
brhw;fSk; ,y;iy.
Mfpait ,Wjpahf mika[k; ,ilj;bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfur;
tpil : R/ L/ W t
FWtpdh
1.
al
Fw;wpaYfuj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W jUf.
k;
1
.k
fhR/ vBF/ gaW/ ghl;L/ ge;J/ rhy;g[.
2. Kw;wpaYfuj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W jUf.
g[F/ gR/ tpL/ mJ/ tpL/ tW.
w
3. Fw;wpaypfuj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W jUf.

bfhf;fpahJ/ njhg;gpahJ/ ehoahJ/ nfz;kpah/ brd;kpah.
4. Kw;wpaYfuk; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
w
jdpf;Fwpy; vGj;ij mLj;J tUk; ty;ypd cfu=;fs; Xir Fiwahky; xU khj;jpiu

mstpy; KGikahf xypg;gij Kw;wpaYfuk; vd;gh;.
v.fh. g[F/ gR/ tpL/ mJ/ tpL/ tW.
w
5. KjbyGj;Jfs; ahit>
caph; gd;dpuz;L/ bka; gjpbdl;L Mfpa Kg;gJ vGj;JfSk; KjbyGj;Jfs;
7
vdg;gLk;.
://
6. rhh;bgGj;J vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>

rhh;bgGj;J gj;J tifg;gLk;.
ps
1. caph;bka; 2. Ma;jk; 3. capusbgil 4. xw;wsbgil

5. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; 6. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; 7. kfuf;FWf;fk; 8. Fw;wpaypfuk;
9. Fw;wpaYfuk; 10. Ma;jf;FWf;fk;
tt
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.i
42
24 ` f=;fh `
al
rpWtpdh
1. Fw;wpaYfuk; vj;jid tifg;gLk; >mit ahit>
Fw;wpaYfuk; MW tifg;gLk;.
ad
1. beoy; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; 2. Ma;jj; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;
3. caph;j; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; 4. td; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;
5. bkd; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; 6. ,ilj; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;
ik
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. xd;W Kjy; gj;J tiua[ss; vz;Qg;bgah;fisg; gl;oaypl;L vGJ=;fs;/ mtw;wpy;
Fw;wpaYfur; brhw;fis vLj;bjGJ=;fs;.
v
vz;Qg;bgah;fs; :
xd;W/ ,uz;L/ @d;W/ ehd;F/ Ie;J/ MW/ VG/ vl;L/ xd;gJ/ gj;J.
j
Fw;wpaYfur; brhw;fs; : al
xd;W/ ,uz;L/ @d;W/ ehd;F/ Ie;J/ MW/ vl;L/ xd;gJ/ gj;J.
.k
2. Fw;wpaYfu vz;Qg;bgah;fisf; Fw;wpaYfu tifapd; mog;gilapy;
kp tifg;gLj;Jf.
H;
td;bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; ? @d;W/ vl;L/ gj;J
bkd; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; ? xd;W/ ,uz;L/ ehd;F/ Ie;J/ xd;gJ
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caph;j; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; ? MW

3. Fw;wpaYfu vz;Qg;bgah;fspd; khj;jpiu msitf; fz;Lgpoa[=;fs;.
w
(v.fh) xd;W ? 1+ ½+½ = 2

,uz;L ? 1 + 1 + ½ + ½ = 3
@d;W ? 2+½+½ = 3
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ehd;F ? 2+ ½ + ½ = 3
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Ie;J ? 2+½+½ = 3
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MW ?
VG ? 2+1 = 3
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vl;L ? 1+½+½ = 2
xd;gJ ? 1+ ½+1+½ = 3
gj;J ? 1+ ½ + ½ = 2
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` f=;fh ` 25
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4. F/ R/ L/ J/ W Mfpa Fw;wpaYfuj;ij ,Wjpahff; bfhz;l <buGj;Jr; brhw;fisj;
jpul;Lf.
ghF/ thF/
ad
ghL/ rhL/ XL/ tpL/
fhR/ tPR/ ngR/
thJ/ nfJ/ rhJ/ khJ/
tW/ nrW/ brW/
ik
tJ/tL/ bghJ.
g
bkhHpia MH;nthk;
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nfl;f
jkpHpd; rpwg;igg; gw;wpa mwp+h;fspd; brhw;bghHpitf; nfl;L kfpH;f. t
al
ghujpahhpd; brhw;bghHpt[r; bra;jp
jkpHpd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Fk; tz;zk; fhe;jpaofsplk; ghujp elj;jpa foj
k;
ciuahly; xd;iwj; jdJ brhw;bghHptpy; vLj;Jiuj;jhh;.
1
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fhe;jpaofspd; brhw;bghHpit ehd; nfl;f neh;e;jJ. bts;isand btspnaW
vd;gij mGj;jkhf typa[Wj;jpdhh;. mtUila brhw;bghHpitg; gw;wp ehd; xU
kly; vGjpndd;. mjpy; kfhj;khnt new;iwa brhw;bghHptpy;/ bts;isand
w
btspnaW vd;w ngr;R mUik. Mdhy; xU tUj;jk;.bts;isaid btspnawr;

brhy;yp / j=;fs; brhw;bghHpt[ ,e;jpapnyh F$uhj;jpapnyh mikahky; M=;fpyj;jpy;
,Ue;jJ kpFe;j tUj;jk; mspf;fpd;wJ vd;W vGjpapUe;njd;. mjw;F fhe;jpahh;
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kWklypy;/ ehd; M=;fpyj;jpy; ngrpaij eP=;fs; klypy; Fwpg;gpLk; nghJ Vd;

eP=;fSk; M=;fpyj;jpy; vdf;F kly; vGjpdPh; vd;whh;.mjw;F ehd;/ ahUila kdKk;
g[z;gLk; goahd bra;jpiag; ngRtjhf ,Ue;jhYk;/ vGJtjhf ,Ue;jhYk;
vd;Dila jha;bkhHpahfpa jkpiHg; gad;gLj;j khl;nld; vd;W kly; vGjpndd;
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vd;whh;.
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fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;gpy; ,uz;L epkplk; ngRf.
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ehd; mwpe;j gHbkhHpfs;

jkpHd;idapd; jhH;gzpe;J tzf;f=;fs; gybrhy;yp vd;Diuia Muk;gk;
bra;fpd;nwd;. ehd; mwpe;jgHbkhHpfs; gw;wpr; rpy epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;.gHbkhHp
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vd;gJ vd;d> ek; Kd;ndhh;fs; j=;fs; mDgtj;jpd; @yk;czh;e;J Twpa bkhHpfs;

gHbkhHp MFk;. mit mDgt bkhHpfs;. thH;f;ifia tsg;gLj;Jtd. mtw;wpd;
tHpek; vz;z=;fisa[k; thHf;ifg; ghijiaa[k; Kot[ bra;ayhk. ahidtUk;
gpd;nd kzpnahir tUk; Kd;nd/ ,f;fijf;F mf;fiu gr;ir/ Mof; fhw;wpy;
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26 ` f=;fh `
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mk;kpa[k; gwf;Fk;/ MYk; ntYk; gy;Yf;FWjpehSk; ,uz;Lk; brhy;Yf;FWjp/
fhw;Ws;snghnj J}w;wpf; bfhs;/ mfy cGtijtpl MH cGtnj nky; Mfpad
ehd; mwpe;j gHbkhHpfs; MFk;. ,it nghy gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd gHbkhHpfs; ek;
ad
ehl;oy; cs;sd. mjid mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;.ed;wp. tzf;fk;.
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fSf;F Vw;gj; bjhlhpy; mGj;jk; ju ntz;oa brhw;fis

vLj;J vGJf.
ik
nfhij ftpijiag; goj;jhs;.
tpdh mGj;jk; ju ntz;oa brhy;
nfhij vijg; goj;jhs;> ftpij
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ftpijiag; goj;jJ ahh;> nfhij
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nfhij ftpijia vd;d bra;jhs;> goj;jhs;
glj;jpw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpizia vGJf.

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kp
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cah;jpiz mBwpiz cah;jpiz

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fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fis cah;jpiz/ mBwpiz vd tifg;gLj;Jf.

tay; / Kfpyd;/ Fjpiu/ fay;tpHp/ jiytp/ fly;/ Mrphpah;/ g[j;jfk;/ Rujh/ kuk;
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cah;j;piz mBwpiz
Kfpyd; tay;
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fay;tpHp Fjpiu
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jiytp fly;
Rujh kuk;
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bfhLf;fg;gl;l Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJf.

jha;bkhHpg; gw;W
(Kd;Diu ? bkhHp gw;wpa tpsf;fk; ? jha;bkhHp ? jha;bkhHpg; gw;W ? jha;bkhHpg;
gw;Wf; bfhz;l rhd;nwhh; ? rhJtd; tuyhW ? ekJ flik ? Kot[iu)
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` f=;fh ` 27
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Kd;Diu
`jhapw; rpwe;j nfhtpYk; ,y;iy~ vd;gJ rhd;nwhh; bgUkf;fs; gyhpd; thf;fhFk;.
ek;ikg; bgw;w jhiatpl rpwe;jbjhU bja;tk; fpilahJ vd;gjhy; jhd; `jha;bkhHp~
ad
vd;W miHj;jdh;.jha;bkhHpapd; kPJ gw;WjnyhL ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gij
,f;fl;Liu typa[Wj;Jfpd;wJ.
bkhHp gw;wpa tpsf;fk;
ekJ vz;z=;fis kw;wth;fs; g[hpe;J bfhs;st[k; / ekJ fUj;Jfisg; gfph;e;J
ik
bfhs;st[k; cjt[tJ bkhHpahFk;. kf;fspd; mwpt[ tsh;r;rpf;Fk; ehfhpf cah;t[f;Fk;
mog;gilahf miktJ bkhHpahFk;. g
jha;bkhHpg; gw;W
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FHe;ijf;Fj; jha; Kjd; Kjypy; brhy;ypj; jUk; bkhHpna jha;bkhHp.
FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jha;bkhHp ,ay;ghfnt tUk;.fdtpYk; edtpYk; jha;bkhHpna
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,ay;ghf mika[k;.mtuth; jha;bkhHp kPJ jzpahj gw;W bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
jha;bkhHpg; gw;Wf; bfhz;l rhd;nwhh;
,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; jha;bkhHpapy; ngrt[k; gof;ft[k; gyh; ja=;Ffpd;wdh;. ,J
k;
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bgw;w jhiag ;g[we;js;sp itg;gJ nghd;wjhFk;. vz;zw;w cyfk; nghw;Wk;
rhd;nwhh;fs; jj;jk; jha;bkhHpapnyna bray;fisr; bra;J cah;e;Js;sdh;.ghujpahh;
/ fhe;jpaofs; / ,utPe;jpu ehj; jhTh; vdg; gyUk; gd;bkhHp mwpe;jpUe;j nghJk;/ rpwe;j
cyfk; nghw;Wk; gilg;g[fisj; jk; jha;bkhHpapnyna je;jdh;.re;jpungh!; jd;
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kfd; b$fjP!; re;jpunghi!j; jha;bkhHp fw;gpf;Fk; gs;spapnyna gof;f itj;jhh;.

mth; gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j mwptpay; mwp+uhdh;.
rhJtd; tuyhW
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Mjpiuapd; fztd; rhJtd; tzpfk; bra;a fg;gw; gazk; bra;fpd;whd;

bgU=;fhw;why; fg;gy; ftpH;e;J tpLfpd;wJ. rhJtd; gpiHj;J ehfh;fs; thGk;
jPit milfpd;whd;. mth;fs; kdpj khkprk; cz;gth;fs;. rhJtidj; jpd;d
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epidf;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; rhJtd;/ ehfh;fs; ngRk; bkhHpiag; ngRfpd;whd;. ehfh;fs;

rhJtDf;F ntz;oaijf; bfhLj;J mDg;gp itf;fpd;wdh;. jha;bkhHpna vija[k;
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khw;Wk;.
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ekJ flik
- me;epa bkhHp nkhfk; bfhz;L miyahky; jha;bkhHpapd; kPJ mstw;w gw;Wjy;
itf;fntz;Lk;.
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- jha;bkhHp tHpf; fy;tp bgWjny rpwg;g[ vd;gij kw;wth;fSf;F vLj;Jiuf;f

ntz;Lk;.
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28 ` f=;fh `
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Kot[iu
M=;fpy tHpf;fy;tp @yk; ehk; ek;ik ,He;J bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;nwhk;.ekJ
gz;ghL/ fyhr;rhuj;ij kPl;Lf; bfhz;Ltuj; jha;bkhHpg; gw;Wld; jha;bkhHpy;
ad
gapy;tJ ,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; mtrpakhFk;.
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
bjhifr; brhw;fis tphpj;J vGJf.
ik
,Ujpiz ? cah;jpiz/ mBwpiz.
Kf;fdp ? kh/ gyh/ thiH/
Kj;jkpH; ? ,aw;wkpH;/ ,irj;jkpH;/ ehlfj;jkpH;/
v
ehw;wpir ? fpHf;F/ nkw;F/ tlf;F/ bjw;F/
Itifepyk; ? Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ ghiy/
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mWRit ? ,dpg;g[/ g[spg;g[/ fhh;g;g[/ Jth;g;g[/ cth;g;g[/ frg;g[/
fl;l=;fspYs;s vGj;Jfis khw;wp/ nkypUe;J fPHhft[k; ,lkpUe;J tykhft[k;
vGjpdhy; xnu brhy; tUkhW fl;l=;fspy; vGJf.
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kp if
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tpil: v
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,UbghUs; bfhz;l xU brhy;yhy; epug;g[f.
1. muRf;F jtwhky; thp brYj;j ntz;Lk;.
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Vl;oy; vGJtJ thp totk;.

2. kHiy ngRk; bkhHp mHF.
7 ,dpikj; jkpH; bkhHp vkJ.

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3. md;id je;ijapd; ifg;gpoj;Jf; FHe;ij

mwp+h; mz;zhtpd; rpwg;g[ mtuJ mLf;FbkhHp eil.
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4. eP mwpe;jijg; gpwUf;Fr; brhy;.

vGj;Jfs; bjhlh;e;J epd;W bghUs; jUtJ brhy;.
5. cHth;fs; ehw;W el taYf;Fr; brd;wdh;.
FHe;ij bkJthf el vd;nghk;.
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` f=;fh ` 29
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6. ePjp kd;wj;jpy; bfhLg;gJ tHf;F.
èPr;rj; jz;zp Fo~ vd;gJ ngr;R tHf;F.
ad
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
1. kug[ ? Tradition 5. Clfk; ? Media
2. bkhHpapay; ? Linguistics 6. bghk;kyhl;lk; ? Puppetry
3. xypapay; ? Phonology 7. vGj;jpyf;fzk; ? Orthography
ik
4. ,jHpay; ? Journalism
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8. ciuahly; ? Dialogue
g
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
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,ay; : xd;W
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20 t
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rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 4x1=4 k;
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1. `bewp~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs;......................
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m) tHp M) Fwpf;nfhs; ,) bfhs;if <) mwk;
2. thdpy; ............................ Tl;lk; jpuz;lhy; kiH bghHpa[k;.
m) mfpy; M) Kfpy; ,) Jfpy; <) Japy;
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3. bkhHpapd; Kjy; epiy ngRjy; ...................... MfpadthFk;.

m) goj;jy; M) nfl;ly; ,) vGJjy; <) tiujy;
w
4. bghUe;jhj brhy;iy vLj;bjGJf.

m) gR M) tPL ,) MW <) fU
II. FW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
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5. jkpH;bkhHpiaf; fw;wthpd; ,ay;g[fs; ahit>

6. bkhHpapd; ,Utot=;fs; ahit>
7
7. Fw;wpaypfuk; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
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III. rpW tpil jUf. 2x3=6

9. fpisbkhHpfs; vt;thW cUthfpd;wd>
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IV. mogpwHhky; vGJf. 1x4=4

10. `bfhy;yh tpujk; ...~ vdj; bjhl=;fp / .....njd;bkhHpahk;~ vdKoa[k; ehkf;fy;
ftp+h; ghly;.
vav
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,ay; ftpijg;
ngiH
fhL
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kdg;ghlg; ghly;
gr;ir kapy;eof;Fk;
gd;wp fpH=;bfLf;Fk;
ik
er;ru t=;fy=;Fk; ? fpspna
ehpbayhk; CisapLk;
v
mjpkJ uj;jiHia
ahidfs; jpd;wgo
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g[Jeil nghLkO ? fpspna
g[{=;Fapy; Tt[ko-
rp=;fk; g[ypfuo
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rpWj;ij tpy=;fpd=;fs;
kp v=;Fk; jphpa[kO ? fpspna
H;
,aw;if tpLjpapny-
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E}y; : Rujhtpd; ftpijfs; bjhFg;g[

Mrphpah; : Rujh (,uhrnfhghyd;)
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,aw;bgah; : ,uhrnfhghyd;
gpwg;g[ : 23.11.1921
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rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ctikf;ftp+h;
gilg;g[fs; : njd;kiH/ rhtpd; Kj;jk;/ cjl;oy; cjL/
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gl;lj;jurp/ RtUk; Rz;zhk;g[k;/ JiwKfk;/
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KJk; njDk;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
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<d;W ? bgw;W er;rutk; ? tplKs;s ghk;g[

bfhk;g[ ? fpis tpLjp ? j=;Fk; ,lk;
mjpkJuk; ? kpFe;j Rit jPgk; ? xsp
fspj;jpl ? kfpH;e;jpl
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` f=;fh ` 31
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ad
1. thiH/ fd;iw ________
m) <d;wJ M) tH=;fpaJ ,) bfhLj;jJ <) je;jJ [tpil : m]
2. `fhbly;yhk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ________
ik
g
m) fhL + bly;yhk; M) fhL + vy;yhk;
,) fh + bly;yhk; <) fhd; + vy;yhk; [tpil : M]
3. `fpH=;F + vLf;Fk;~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ________

U
v
m) fpH=;FvLf;Fk;
,) fpH=;FLf;Fk;
M) fpH=;bfLf;Fk;
<) fpH=;bfhLf;Fk; [tpil : M] t
eak; mwpf al
ghlypYs;s nkhid/ vJif/ ,iag[r; brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
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nkhid vJif ,iag[
bra;a[spy; mo (my;yJ) bra;a[spy; mo (my;yJ) bra;a[spy; xt;nthh;
rPhpy; cs;s brhw;fspy; rPhpy; cs;s brhw;fspy; moapd; ,WjpapYk;
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Kjy; vGj;J xd;W nghy ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;W cs;s rPnuh vGj;njh
(xnu khjphp) tUtJ nghy (xnu khjphp) tUtJ xd;W nghy (xnu
nkhid MFk;. vJif MFk;. khjphp) tUtJ ,iag[
MFk;.
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ghlypy; cs;s nkhidr; ghlypy; cs;s vJifr; ghlypy; cs;s ,iag[r;

brhw;fs;: brhw;fs;: brhw;fs;:
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fhh;j;jpif ? fhbly;yhk; fhh;j;jpif?ghh;j;jpl?ghh;it <d;bwLf;Fk; ? epHy;

ghh;j;jpl ? ghh;it fspj;jplnt ? Fsph;e;jplnt bfhLf;Fk; fdpgwpf;Fk;
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fhL ? fha;fdp Fu=;F ? ku=;fs; ? jilapUf;Fk;
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gr;ir ? gd;wp gr;ir ? er;ru

er;ru ? ehpbayhk;
rp=;fk; ? rpWj;ij
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1. fhl;Lg;g[{f;fSf;F vjid ctikahff; ftp+h; Rujh Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;>
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32 ` f=;fh `
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2. fhl;od; gad;fshff; ftp+h; Rujh TWtd ahit>
- fhl;oYs;s kyh;fisf; fhQk; fz;fs; Fsph;r;rp bgWk;.
- fhL gy tifahd bghUs;fisa[k; fha;fdpfisa[k; jUk;.
ad
- vy;nyhUk; nrh;e;JkfpH;e;jpl Fsph;e;j epHy; jUk;.
- fhl;L tpy=;FfSf;F czthff; fdp jUk;.
rpW tpdh
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1. `fhL~ ghlypy; tpy=;Ffspd; bray;fshff; ftp+h; TWtdtw;iw vGJf.
- gd;wpfs; fhl;oYs;s fpH=;Ffisj; njhz;o cz;Qk;.
- ehpf; Tl;lk; CisapLk;.
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- kpFe;j Rita[ila jiHia ahidfs; jpd;wgo g[jpa eilnghLk;.
- ,aw;ifj; j=;Fkplkhfpa fhl;oy; rp=;fk;/ g[yp/ fuo/ rpWj;ij Mfpa tpy=;Ffs;
j 1.
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v=;Fk; miye;J jphpa[k;.
rpe;jid tpdh
fhl;il ,aw;if tpLjpahff; ftp+h; Twf; fhuzk; vd;d>
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kp - gwitfs; / tpy=;Ffs; cs;spl;l mBwpiz caph;fSf;Fj; njitahd ciwa[s;
(j=;Fkplk;) ? czt[ Mfpad fhl;oy; ,aw;ifahfnt cs;sd.
H; - ku=;fs;/ bro bfhofs; Mfpad g[{r;rpfs;/ g[Gf;fs;/ gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffs;

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Mfpatw;wpw;Fj; j=;Fkplk; kw;Wk; czit ,aw;if md;idna tH=;Ftjhy;/

fhl;il ,aw;if tpLjpahff; ftp+h; TWfpwhh;.
TLjy; tpdh
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1. ,uhrnfhghyd; vd;w ,aw;bgah; bfhz;l ftp+h;

m) ghujpahh; M) cLkiy ehuhazftp
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,) Rujh <) ftpkzp [tpil : ,]
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2. ctikf;ftp+h; vd;wiHf;fg;glf; Toa ftp+h;

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3. njd;kiH/ JiwKfk;/ mKJk; njDk; Kjypa E}y;fisg; gilj;j ftp+h;

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` f=;fh ` 33
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4. fhh;j;jpif tpsf;Ffs; nghd;W ,Ue;jit
m) fhL M) kyh;fs; ,) fha;fdp <) kapy; [tpil : M]
ad
5. bghUj;Jf.
1. mjpkJuk; ? m) kfpH;e;jpl
2. fspj;jpl ? M) kpFe;j Rit
3. bfhk;g[ ? ,) bgw;W
ik
4. <d;W
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?,
? <) fpis
M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? , g
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : m]
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6. bghUj;Jf.
1. kapy;fs; ? m) fpH=;Ffisj; njhz;o cz;Qk; t
2. gd;wpfs;
3. ghk;g[fs;
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? M) fyf;fkila[k;
? ,) g[jpa eil nghLk;
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4. ahidfs; ? <) eldkhLk;
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : M]
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7. _______ Fapy; Tt[ko- ghlyoapy; ,lk;bgWk; jFe;j brhy;yhy; epug;g[f.

m) fU=; M) g[{=; ,) kzpf; <) rpW [tpil : M]
8. g[Jeil nghl;lJ vJ>
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m) ghk;g[ M) gd;wp ,) Fu=;F <) ahid [tpil : <]

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1. _______/ _______ ekf;F vg;nghJk; fhl;rpf;F ,d;gk; jUgit.

tpil : fhLk; flYk;
7
2. ctikfisg; gad;gLj;jp ftpij vGJtjpy; ty;yth; _______.
://
tpil : Rujh
tpd; ftpijfs;
3. fhL vd;Dk; ftpij mike;j E}y;
ps
4. Rujhtpd; ftpijfs; vd;w E}ypy; fhL vd;Dk; ftpij mike;j gFjp _______.
tpil : ,aw;if vHpy;
5. fhL vd;w ftpij mike;j ghtif _______. tpil : fpspf;fz;zp
6. ehpf;Tl;lk; ______. tpil : CisapLk;
tt
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43
34 ` f=;fh `
al
FW tpdh
1. Rujh vd;gjd; bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>
,uhrnfhghyd; ghujpjhrd; kPJ gw;Wf;bfhz;lth;. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;bgah;
ad
Rg;g[uj;jpdk;. vdnt jk; bgaiur; Rg;g[uj;jpd jhrd; vdkhw;wpf;bfhz;lhh;.mjd;
RUf;fnk Rujh vd;gjhFk;.
2. ftp+h; Rujhit `ctikf;ftp+h;~ vd miHf;fg;gLtJ Vd;>
ctikfisg; gad;gLj;jp ftpij vGJtjpy; ty;yth; vd;gjhy; Rujh
ik
`ctikf;ftp+h;~ vd miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
3. Rujhtpd; gilg;g[fs; ahit>
1. njd;kiH 2. JiwKfk; 3. mKJk; njDk;
v
4. fpspf;fz;zp vd;Dk; ghtif Fwpj;J vGJf.
fpspapd; bkhHp nghd;w ,dpa brhw;fisg; ngRk; bgz;iz nehf;fpf; TWtjhf
j
5. al
,dpa re;jj;jpy; ghlg;gLk; ,irg;ghly; fpspf;fz;zp MFk;.
`fhl;od; tsnk ehl;od; tsk;~ vdf; mwp+h; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ>
xU ehl;od; tsk; / me;ehl;od; bkhj;j epyg;gug;gpy; mike;Js;s fhLfspd;
msitg; bghUj;nj kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy; jhd; `fhl;od; tsnk ehl;od;
.k
kp 6.
tsk;~ vd mwp+h; TWfpd;wdh;.
`fhL~ ghlypy; gwitfspd; bray;fshff; ftp+h; TWtdtw;iw vGJf.
H; - gr;ir epwKila kapy;fs; eldkhLk;.

w
- g[{f;fs; g[{j;Jf; FY=;Fk; ku=;fspy; Fapy;fs; Tt[k;.

7. ,aw;ifj; j=;Fkplk; vJ>
,aw;ifj; j=;Fkplk; : fhL
w
8. v=;Fk; jphpa[kO- ? ,jpy; `jphpe;jit~ vit>

rp=;fk;/ g[yp/ fuo/ rpWj;ij.
w
rpW tpdh
1. Rujh ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
7 - ,aw;bgah; : ,uhrnfhghyd;
://
- gpwg;g[ :
- rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ctikf;ftp+h;
ps
- Rujh ? bgah;f; fhuzk; : ghujpjhrd;kPJgw;Wf;bfhz;lth;.ghujpjhrdpd;,aw;bgah;

Rg;g[uj;jpdk;. vdnt jk; bgaiur; Rg;g[uj;jpdjhrd; vd
khw;wpf; bfhz;lhh;. mjd; RUf;fnk `Rujh~ vd;gjhFk;.
- gilg;g[fs; : 1.njd;kiH 2. JiwKfk; 3.mKJk; njDk; Kjypad.
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 35
al
2. `fhL~ vd;Dk; ftpijapy; ,lk; bgWk; mBwpiz caph;fs; ahit>
1. Fu=;F 2. fpsp 3. kapy; 4. gd;wp 5. ghk;g[ 6. ehp
7. ahid 8. Fapy; 9. rp=;fk; 10. g[yp 11.fuo 12. rpWj;ij
ad
3. fhl;ilf; Fwpf;Fk; ntWbgah;fs; ahit>
fh/ fhy;/ fhd;/ fhdfk;/ mltp/ muz;/ g[ut[/ bghw;iw/ bghHpy;/ jpy;yk;/ mGtk;/
,at[/ gHtk;/ Kshp/ ty;iy/ tplh;/ tpay;/ tdk;/ Kij/ kpis/ ,Wk;g[/ Ruk;/
bghr;ir/ bghjp/ Ksp/ mhpy;/mwy;/ gJf;if/ fizak;.
ik
njd; ,dpikahdJ" J}a;ikahdJ" Ritkpf;fJ" ,d;gk; bfhLg;gJ. mijg;
g
nghy ,dpikahdJ/ J}a;ikahdJ/ Ritkpf;fJ/ ,d;gk; bfhLg;gJ jkpH;. vdnt U
v
t
ftp+h; jkpiHj; njDld; xg;gpLfpwhh;.
vav
al tpLfijfs; k;
4. @lhj tha;f;F KG thy;. mJ vd;d>
1
.k
5. kz;il cz;L . fl;il ,y;iy . g{ cz;L . kzkpy;iy. mJ vd;d>
6. kdpjd; nghlhj ge;jypny kyh;e;J fplf;fpd;w g{f;fs;. mJ vd;d>
w
7. gpo ,y;yhj Filiaj; bjhl Koatpy;iy. mJ vd;d>

8. kuj;jpw;F kuk; jht[thd;/ Fu=;F my;y. gl;ilj; jPl;oapUg;ghd;/ rhkpahh;
my;y. mJ vd;d>
w
9. Cisapl;lhYk; Ciur;Rke;J bry;thd;. mJ vd;d>

tpil gf;fk; : 204
w
vav
7
://
ps
tt
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63
36 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay; ftpijg;
2 ngiH
mg;gona epw;fl;Lk; me;j kuk;
ad
bgah; : ,uhrkhh;j;jhz;ld;
jpwd;fs; : ,jHhsh;/ ftpijj; jpwdha;thsh;.
ik
ghpR : uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs; E}Yf;Fj; jkpH; tsh;r;rpf;
fHfg; ghpR bgw;wth;.
gilg;g[fs; : uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs;/ rpwe;j ftpijfisj;
bjhFj;J bfh=;Fnjh; thH;fi
; f vd;Dk; E}y;
v
gilj;Js;shh;.
j
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
1. gutrk; ? kfpH;r;rpg;bgUf;F
3. jhz;o ? fle;J
al 2. J&;o nfl;ly; ? Jf;fk; tprhhpj;jjy;
4. gHe;jpd;dp ? gHk; cz;Qk;
.k
kp 5. gutp ? tputp 6. tlnfho ? tl vy;iy
H; ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

w

1. ehtw;gHj;jpw;F ctikahff; Twg;gLtJ _______
w
m) gr;ir ,iy M) nfhypf;Fz;L

,) gr;irf;fha; <) br=;fha; [tpil : M]
2. `Rl;l gH=;fs;~ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLgit _______
w
m) xl;oa gH=;fs; M) Nlhd gH=;fs;

,) ntfitj;j gH=;fs; <) Rlg;gl;l gH=;fs; [tpil : m]
7
://
3. `bgauwpah~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______

m) bgau
,) bgah; + mwpah <) bgau + mwpah [tpil : ,]
ps
4. `kdkpy;iy~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______

m) kd + kpy;iy M) kdkp + ,y;iy
,) kdk; + kpy;iy <) kdk; + ,y;iy [tpil : <]
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 37
al
5. `new;W + ,ut[~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) new;W,ut[ M) new;wput[ ,) new;Wut[ <) new;,ut[ [tpil : M]
ad
FWtpdh
1. ehty; kuk; vj;jid jiyKiwahf m=;F epd;wpUe;jJ>
ehty; kuk; ,uz;L jiyKiwahf m=;F epd;wpUe;jJ.
2. rpWth;fSf;F ehty; gHk; fpilf;f cjtpnahh; ahth;>
ik
1. fhf;if
4. bgauwpahg; gitfs;
2. FUtp
5. mzpy;
3. ikdh
6. fhw;W g
rpWtpdh U
v
1. ehty; kuk; gw;wpa epidt[fshff; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
t
al
1. Chpd; tl vy;iyapy; Ie;J tajpy; ghh;j;j nghJk;/ Ik;gJ taijj; jhz;o
,g;bghGJ ghh;f;fpd;w nghJk;/ jhj;jhtpd; jhj;jh el;L itj;j ehty; kuk;
mg;gona ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
k;
2. me;j ehty; kuj;jpy; gr;irf;fha;fs; khwp bre;epwkha;g; gGf;Fk; nghJ rpWth;
1
.k
kd=;fspy; kfpH;r;rp bgh=;Fk;.
3. gsgsf;Fk; gr;ir ,iyfSlf; fUePyf;nfhypf;Fz;Lfs; nghy ehtw;gH=;fs;
fpisfspy; bjh=;Ftijg; ghh;f;Fk; nghnj ehtpy; ePh; CWk;.
w
4. fhf;if/ FUtp/ ikdh/ bgauwpahg; gitfs;/ mzpy;/ fhw;W Mfpd cjph;j;JtpLk;

ehty; gH=;fisg; bghWf;f rpWth; Tl;lk; miynkhJk;.
5. j=;iffs; j=;fs; mf;fhf;fSf;fhff; ifapy; bgl;oa[ld; ehty;gHk;
w
bghWf;Ffpd;wdh;.
6. ,utpd; bky;ypa epyh btspr;rj;jpy; gHe;jpd;dp btsthy; Tl;lk; kuj;jpy; gHk;
jpd;dg; gil vLf;Fk;.
w
7. mg;gh tUk; tiu ehty; ku epHypy; fpspahe;jl;L tpisahLnthk;.new;W

ez;gfy; vd; kfd; tpisahoaJk; ,e;j ehty; ku epHypy;jhd;.
7
rpe;jid tpdh
://
1. bgU=;fhw;wpy; tPH;e;j kuj;ijf; ftp+h; Vd; ghh;f;f tpUk;gtpy;iy>

1. bgU=;fhw;wpdhy; ehty; kuk; ntnuhL tPH;e;J tpl;;lJ. mjidg; ghh;f;f Ch;kf;fs;
ps
gjw;wj;j;py; tpiue;J bry;fpd;wdh;.

2. Fd;Wfspd; eLnt cs;s bghpa kiy nghy me;j ehty; kuk; ftp+h; kdjpy;
epw;gjhy; bgU=;fhw;wpy; tPH;e;j kuj;ij mth; ghh;f;f tpUk;gtpy;iy.
3. me;j kuk; ftp+h; epidtpy; thH;fpd;wJ.
tt
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.i
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38 ` f=;fh `
al
TLjy; tpdh
ad
1. rpwe;j ftpijfisj; bjhFj;J bfh=;Fnjh; thH;f;if vd;Dk; E}y; gilj;j ftp+h;.
m) uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; M) ftpkzp
,) Rujh <) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : m]
ik
2. uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs; vd;Dk; E}Yf;Fj; jkpH; tsh;r;rpf; fHfg; ghpR bgw;wth;
m) uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; M) ftpkzp
,) Rujh <) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : m]
v
3. `bgUthH;t[~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______
m) bgU + thH;t[ M) bg + UthH;t[
j 4.
,) bgUik + thH;t[ al
Chpd; tlnfhoapy; ,Ue;j kuk; _______
<) ngh; + thH;t[ [tpil : ,]
.k
m) g[spa kuk; M) khkuk; ,) ehty; kuk; <) murkuk; [tpil : ,]
kp 5. jhj;jh el;L itj;j kuk;
H; m) g[spa kuk; M) khkuk; ,) ehty; kuk; <) murkuk; [tpil : ,]

w
6. bghUj;Jf.
1. gutrk; ? m) Jf;fk; tprhhpj;jjy;
2. J&;o nfl;ly;; ? M) tputp
w
3. gutp ? ,) vy;iy
4.nfho ? <) kfpH;r;rpg;bgUf;F
w
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,

,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : M]
7 7. `br=;fha;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______

://
m) brk;ik
,) br=; + fha; <) br + fha; [tpil : m]
ps
8. ,utpy; gilbaLj;J tUk; gHe;jpd;dp _______

m) btsthy; Tl;lk; M) fhf;iff; Tl;lk;
,) FUtpf; Tl;lk; <) ikdhf; Tl;lk; [tpil : m]
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 39
al
9. ehtw;gH=;fis cjph;j;JtpLtdtw;Ws; gwitfs; my;yhj xd;W _______
m) fhf;if M) FUtp ,) mzpy; <) ikdh [tpil : ,]
ad
10. bgUthH;t[ thH;e;j kuk; _______
11. new;W ,ut[g; nga;f;fhw;wpy; ntnwhL rha;e;jJ _______
ik
12. Fd;Wfspd; eLnt khkiy nghd;wJ _______
m) g[spa kuk; M) khkuk; ,) ehty; kuk; <) murkuk; [tpil : ,] g
13. bfhy;ypg;ghit vd;Dk; rpw;wpjiH elj;jpath; U
v
m) uh$khh;j;jhz;ld;
,) Rujh
M) ftpkzp
<) cLkiy ehuhazftp [tpil : m] t
nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f. al k;
1
1. epykle;ijf;F ,aw;if Nl;oa kzpkFl=;fns _______ tpil : ku=;fs;
.k
2. _______ gw;wpa epidt[fs; bgUk;ghyhd kdpjh;fspd; cs;s=;fSf;Fs; g[ije;J
fplf;fpd;wd. tpil : ku=;fs;
3. _______ gH=;fisg; bghWf;f rpWth; Tl;lk; miynkhJk;. tpil : ehty;
w
4. j=;iffs; j=;fs; mf;fhf;fSf;fhff; ifapy; bgl;oa[ld; _______ bghWf;Ffpd;wdh;

tpil : ehty;gHk;
w
5. mg;gona epw;fl;Lk; me;j kuk; ? vd;w E}iy ,aw;wpath; _______

tpil : uh$khh;jj; hz;ld;
6. Fd;Wfspd; eLnt khkiy nghy epd;wJ _______ tpil : khkuk;

w
FW tpdh
1.
7
ehty; kuk; njhw;wk; Fwpj;Jf; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
://
Chpd; tl vy;iyapy; Ie;J tajpy; ghh;j;j nghJk;/ Ik;gJ taijj; jhz;o

,g;bghGJ ghh;f;fpd;w nghJk;/ jhj;jhtpd; jhj;jh el;L itj;j ehty; kuk; mg;gona
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
ps
2. rpWth; kd=;fspy; kfpH;r;rp bgh=;ff; fhuzk; ahJ>

ehty; kuj;jpy; gr;irf;fha;fs; khwp bre;epwkha;g; gGf;Fk; nghJ rpWth; kd=;fspy;
kfpH;r;rp bgh=;Fk;.
tt
www.tnpscjob.com
.i
04
40 ` f=;fh `
al
3. vg;nghJ ehtpy; ePh; CWk;>
gsgsf;Fk; gr;ir ,iyfSlf; fUePyf;nfhypf;Fz;Lfs; nghy ehtw;gH=;fs;
fpisfspy; bjh=;Ftijg; ghh;f;Fk; nghnj ehtpy; ePh; CWk;.
ad
4. rpWth; Tl;lk; miynkhjf; fhuzk; ahJ>
fhf;if/ FUtp /ikdh /bgauwpahg; gitfs;/ mzpy;/ fhw;W Mfpd cjph;j;JtpLk;
ehty; gH=;fisg; bghWf;f rpWth; Tl;lk; miynkhJk;.
ik
5. j=;iffs; ahUf;fhf ehty; gHk; bghWf;Ffpd;wdh;>
j=;iffs; j=;fs; mf;fhf;fSf;fhff; ifapy; bgl;oa[ld; ehty;gHk;
bghWf;Ffpd;wdh;.
v
6. ,ut[ neuj;jpy; ehty;kuj;ij nehf;fpg; gilvLj;jJ vJ> Vd;>
,utpd; bky;ypa epyh btspr;rj;jpy; gHe;jpd;dp btsthy; Tl;lk; kuj;jpy; gHk;
j
7.
jpd;dg; gil vLf;Fk;.
al
Ch;kf;fs; vjidg; ghh;f;fr; brd;wdh;>
bgU=;fhw;wpdhy; ehty; kuk; ntnuhL tPH;e;J tpl;;lJ. mjidg; ghh;f;f Ch;kf;fs;
.k
kp 8.
gjw;wj;j;py; tpiue;J bry;fpd;wdh;.
ftp+h; kdjpy; vd;Wk; epw;gJ vJ>

H;
w
Fd;Wfspd; eLnt cs;s bghpa kiy nghy me;j ehty; kuk; ftp+h; kdjpy;
vd;Wk;; epw;fpwJ.
rpW tpdh:
w
1. ftp+h; uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

bgah; : ,uhrkhh;j;jhz;ld;
w
jpwd;fs; : ,jHhsh;/ ftpijj; jpwdha;thsh;.

ghpR : uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs; E}Yf;Fj; jkpH; tsh;r;rpf; fHfg; ghpR
7
bgw;wth;.
://
gilg;g[fs; : uh$khh;j;jhz;ld; ftpijfs;/ mg;gona epw;fl;Lk; me;j kuk;/

f;if vd;Dk; E}y;
gilj;Js;shh;.
ps
tt
www.tnpscjob.com
.i
` f=;fh ` 41
al
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fs; Rw;Wg;g[wj;jpYs;s VnjDk; xU kuk; Fwpj;J tUzidahf Ie;J bjhlh;fs;
ad
vGJf.
gyhkuk;
- beLbeLD tsh;e;j kuk;/ neh;j;jpahd gyhkuk;
- Kf;fdpapy; ,uhz;lhk; fdp jU kuk;
ik
- bgUk;gHk; Rke;jjhy; cd;nkdp ,isj;jnjh>
- gGkuj;ij eho gutrkha; gwit tUk;
g
- bfhLf;f Fiwahj mKjRugp kuk; gyhkuk; U
v
2. c=;fs; gFjpapYs;s ku=;fspd; bgah;fisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
t
al
ntg;g kuk;/ g[spa kuk;/ murkuk;/ My kuk;/ thiH kuk;/ KU=;if kuk;/ bjd;id
kuk;/gid kuk;/ ghf;F kuk;/ gyh kuk;/ njf;F kuk;/ re;jd kuk;/ mj;jp kuk;/ thif
kuk;/ g[=;f kuk;.
k;
1
.k
vav
xU thp jkpH;g; bghd;bkhHpfs;
w
1. ,jak; xU ,ufrpa Ru=;fk;.
2. vz;z=;fs; mHfhdhy; thH;f;if mHfhFk;.

w
3. ,He;jij kwe;J tpL/ ,Ug;gij ,Hf;fhky; ,Uf;f.
4. kdk; mHfhdhy; thH;f;ifa[k; g{tdk; MFk;.

w
5. ftiyfs; fditg; nghy kwe;J nghFk;.
7 vav
://
ps
tt
www.tnpscjob.com
.i
24
42 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay; ciueil
2 cyfk; tpy=;Ffs; cyfk;
ad
ik
1. Mrpa ahidfspy; Mz; ? bgz; ahidfis ntWgLj;JtJ
m) fhJ M) je;jk; ,) fz; <) fhy;efk; [tpil : M]
v
2. jkpHfj;jpy; g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; mike;Js;s ,lk;
m) ntle;jh=;fy; M) nfhoafiu
j
3.
,) Kz;le;Jiw
al <) Te;jf; Fsk;
`fhl;lhW~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) fhL + MW M) fhl;L + MW
[tpil : ,]
.k
kp 4.
,) fhl; + MW <) fhl; + lhW
`midj;Jz;zp~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
[tpil : m]
H; m) midj;J + Jz;zp M) mid + cz;zp

w
,) midj; + Jz;zp <) midj;J + cz;zp [tpil : <]

5. `neuk; + Mfp~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
w
m) neukhfp M) neuhfp ,) neuk;Mfp <) neh; Mfp [tpil : m]

6. `ntl;il + Moa~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) ntl;ilMoa M) ntl;ilahoa
w
,) ntl;lho <) ntlho [tpil : M]
7 nfhol;l ,lj;ij epug;g[f.

://
_______1. `fhl;od; tsj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPL~ vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; tpy=;F

tpil : g[yp
ps
2. ahidf; Tl;lj;jpw;F xU _______ ahidjhd; jiyik jh=;Fk;.

tpil : bgz;
3. fuofisj; njdPf;fsplkpUe;J fhg;gJ mjd; _______ tpil : mlh;e;j Kofs;

tt
www.tnpscjob.com
.i
` f=;fh ` 43
al
FW tpdh
1. fhL ? tiuaW.
- kdpjh;fspd; Kaw;rpapd;wp tsh;e;j ku=;fs;/ bro/ bfhofs;/ g[y;/ g[jh;fs;/
ad
g[{r;rpapd=;fs;/ gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffs; nghd;w gy caph;fspd; thH;tplk; fhlhFk;.
- ,ilapilna fhl;lhWfSk;/ ePnuhilfSk; ,Uf;Fk;.
- kdpjdpd; Kjy; ,Ug;gplk; fhL.
2. ahidfs; kdpjh;fis Vd; jhf;FfpwJ Vd;>
ik
- ahidfs; bghJthf kdpjh;fisj; jhf;Ftjpy;iy.
- ahidfs; bry;Yk; tHpg;ghijfspy; kdpjh;fs; FWf;fpLk;nghJ/ mth;fisj; g
jhf;Ffpd;wd.
- nkYk; ahidf;Ff; fz;ghh;itf; Fiwt[/ nfl;Fk; Mw;wYk; nkhg;g Mw;wYk; U
v
3.
kpFjpahf cs;sJ.
fuo `midj;Jz;zp~ vd miHf;fg;gLtJ Vd;> t
al
gH=;fs;/ njd;/ cjph;e;j kyh;fs;/ fha;fs;/ fdpfs;/ g[w;wPry;/ fiuahd; vd midj;ija[k;
cz;gjhy; fuo `midj;Jz;zp~ vd miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
k;
4. khdpd; tiffs; rpytw;wpd; bgah;fis vGJf.
1
.k
1. g[s;spkhd; 2. rUFkhd; 3. kpshkhd; 4. btspkhd;
rpW tpdh
w
1. g[ypfs; Fwpj;J eP=;fs; mwpe;J bfhz;l bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.

- g[ypfs; jdpj;J thGk; ,ay;g[ cilad.
- xU Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Fs; xU g[yp kl;Lnk thGk;. kw;w g[ypfs; me;j
vy;iyf;Fr; bry;yhJ.
w
- fUt[w;w g[ypahdJ 90 ehl;fspy; ,uz;L my;yJ @d;W Fl;ofs; tiug;

bgw;bwLf;Fk;.me;jf; Fl;ofis ,uz;L Mz;Lfs; tiu tsh;j;J tUk;.
- mit ntl;ilahlf; fw;wt[ld; mtw;Wf;fhd vy;iyfisg; gphpj;J mDg;gptpLk;.
w
rpe;jid tpdh
1.
7
fhLfis mHpg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; tpist[fisg; gl;oaypLf.
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1. kiH tsk; Fiwa[k;. 2. kz; jhpR epykhf khwptpLk;.

3. fhl;Laphpfs; thH;tplk; mHpa[k;. 4. FoePh;j; jl;Lg;ghL Vw;gLk;.
5. czt[j; jl;Lg;ghL Vw;gLk;. 6. kz; tsk; nrh;fF ; k; Ez;Qaphpfs; mHpa[k.;
ps
7. kz;zhpg;g[ Vw;gLk;. 8. neha; jPh;f;Fk; @ypiffs; mHpa[k;.

9. gUtepiykhWk;. 10. g[tp btg;gkakhFk;.
11. epyj;jo ePh;f;Fiwa[k;.
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TLjy; tpdh
ad
1. jkpH;ehl;oy; tdf;fy;Y}hp mike;j ,lk; _______
m) nkl;Lg;ghisak; M) Fd;D}h;
,) Cl;o <) nfhj;jfphp [tpil : m]
ik
2. jkpH;ehL ntshz; gy;fiyf;fHfk; mike;Js;s ,lk; _______
m) <nuhL M) nfhit ,) ehkf;fy; <) nryk; [tpil : M]
3. jkpH;ehl;oy; ,uz;lhtJ kpfg;bghpa fhg;gfk; mike;Js;s ,lk;
v
m) ntle;jh=;fy; M) nfhoafiu
,) Kz;le;Jiw <) Te;jf; Fsk; [tpil : ,]
j
4. cyfpy; cs;s ahid tiffs;
m) xd;W M) ,uz;L
al ,) @d;W <) ehd;F [tpil : M]
.k
5. Mz; / bgz; Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fk; je;jk; bfhz;l ahid tif _______
kp m) Mg;hpf;f ahid M) Mrpa ahid
H; ,) mbkhpf;f ahid <) jha;yhe;J ahid [tpil : m]

w
6. ehs; xd;Wf;F 250 fpnyh g[y; / ,iy jiHfis czthff; bfhs;Sk; tpy=;F
m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid [tpil : <]
w
7. nfl;Fk; Mw;wYk; nkhg;g Mw;wYk; kpFjpahf cs;s tpy=;F

m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid [tpil : <]
8. ed;F tsh;e;j fuoapd; vil
w
m) 160 fp M) 100 fp ,) 106 fp <) 601 fp [tpil : m]

9. jdf;fhd czit ntl;ilahoa gpd;g[ ntW ve;j czita[k; ntl;ilahlhj
7 tpy=;F
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m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid

10. gz;g[s;s tpy=;F vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; tpy=;F
ps
m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid [tpil : ,]

11. ,utpy; kl;Lk; ntl;ilahLk; jd;ik bfhz;l tpy=;F
m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) ahid [tpil : ,]
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` f=;fh ` 45
al
12. mHfpy; rpwe;j khd; tif
m) g[s;spkhd; M) rUFkhd;
,) kpshkhd; <) btspkhd; [tpil : m]
ad
13. ,aw;if tp+;+hdpfs; fhl;Lf;F murdhff; Fwpg;gpLk; tpy=;F
m) fuo M) khd; ,) g[yp <) rp=;fk; [tpil : ,]
14. èpidthw;wy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______
ik
m) epid + Mw;wy;
,) epidt[ + Mw;wy;
M) epid + thw;wy;
<) epidt[ + thw;wy; [tpil : ,] g
nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f. U
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1. ,e;jpa tdf;fy;Y}hp mike;j khtl;lk; _________ tpil : nfhit
t
2.
3.
al
fhl;Ltpy=;Ffspd; ciwtplk; _________
kdpjdpd; Kjy; ,Ug;gplk; _________

tpil : Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfk;
tpil : fhL
k;
1
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4. Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfj;jpd; gug;gst[_______ tpil : 895 rJukPl;lh;
5. nfhit ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; tdtpay; rhh;e;j gog;g[fs; _________/
_________. tpil : ,sepiy tdtpay;/ KJepiy tdtpay;
w
6. kpFe;j epidthw;wiyf; bfhz;l tpy=;F _______ tpil : ahid
7. ghrk; epiwe;j tpy=;F _________. tpil : ahid

w
8. ahidf;Ff; fog;gjw;Fj; njitg;gLk; jz;zPhpd; mst[ _________.

tpil : 65 ypl;lh;
9. _________ xU midj;Jz;zp. tpil : fuo
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10. fhl;L murd; _________. tpil : rp=;fk;
7
11. tp+;+hdpfs; vd;w gpwbkhHpr; brhy;ypw;F ,izahd jkpH;r;brhy; _________.
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tpil : mwptpaywp+h; (my;yJ) mwptpayhsh;

FWtpdh
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1. Mjpdp v=;Fr; brd;whs;> vjw;fhfr; brd;whs;>

- Mjpdp jd; mk;kht[ld; Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfj;jpw;Fr; brd;whs;.
- fhl;L tpy=;Ffs; gw;wpa g[ifg;glj;bjhFg;gpw;Fj; njitahd g[ifg;gl=;fs;
vLg;gjw;fhfr; brd;whs;.
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2. Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; Fwpj;J td mYtyh; TwpaJ ahJ>
- jkpH;ehl;onyna ,uz;lhtJ kpfg;bghpa fhg;gfk; : Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs;
fhg;gfk;.
ad
- 895 rJu fpnyh kPl;lh; gug;gst[ bfhz;lJ.
- ahid / g[yp / rpWj;ij / khd; / fuo / fhl;LkhL nghd;w mhpa tpy=;Ffs;
thH;fpd;wd.
? vd;W Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; Fwpj;J td mYtyh; Twpdhh;.
ik
3. Kz;le;Jiw g[ypfs; fhg;gfj;jy; thGk; mhpa tpy=;Ffs; ahit>
1. ahid 2. g[yp 3. rpWj;ij 4. khd; 5. fuo 6. fhl;LkhL
4. cyfpy; cs;s ahid tiffs; vj;jid> mit ahit>
v
cyfpy; ,uz;L tifahd ahidfs; cs;sd. mitahtd:
1. Mrpa ahid 2. Mg;gphpf;f ahid
j
5.
1. Mrpa ahid al
Mrpa ahidf;Fk; Mg;gphpf;f ahidf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
Mz;ahidf;Fj; je;jk; cz;L/ bgz; ahidf;Fj; je;jk; ,y;iy.

.k
2. Mg;gphpf;f ahid
kp Mz;/bgz; ahidfs; ,uz;Lf;Fnk je;jk; cz;L.
H; 6. xU fhl;L tsj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPL vJ>

w
g[ypna xU fhl;L tsj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPlhFk;.

7. jkpH;ehl;oy; tdf; fy;Y}hp v=;F mike;Js;sJ>
jkpH;ehl;oy; tdf; fy;Y}hp nfhit khtl;lk; nkl;Lg;ghisaj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.
w
8. tdtpay; rhh;e;j gog;g[fs; ahit> mit v=;Fs;sd>

- tdtpay; rhh;e;j gog;g[fs; ,sepiy tdtpay; / KJepiy tdtpay; MFk;.
- nfhit ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; mit fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
w
9. g[ypiag; gz;g[s;s tpy=;F vdf; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ>
7
jdf;fhd czit ntl;ilahoa gpd;g[ ntW ve;j czita[k; ntl;ilahlhj
tpy=;F. vdnt g[ypiag; gz;g[s;s tpy=;F vd; TWfpd;wdh;.
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10. g[ypiaf; fhl;Lf;F murd; vd ,aw;if tp+;+hdpfs; Twf; fhuzk; ahJ>

- ePsk;/ cauk;/ gUkd;/ vil/ gyk;/ ntl;ilj; jpwd; Mfpa midj;jpYk;
ps
rp=;fj;ijtpl g[ypna cah;e;jJ.

- vdnt/ g[ypiaf; fhl;Lf;F murd; vd ,aw;if tp+;+hdpfs; TWfpd;wdh;.
11. mHfpy; rpwe;j khd; tif vJ>
ek; ehl;oy; cs;s g[s;sp khnd mHfpy; rpwe;jjhFk;.
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al
12. rp=;f=;fspd; tiffisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. Mrpar; rp=;fk; 2. Mg;gphpfr; rp=;fk;
13. ahidfs; mof;fo ,lk;bgauf; fhuzk; ahJ>
ad
ahidfs; jz;zPh; kw;Wk; czt[f;fhf,lk;bgah;e;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;.
14. rp=;fk; Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;j bra;jpfs; ahit>
- Mrpar; rp=;fk;/ Mg;gphpf;fr; rp=;fk; vd ,uz;L tifr; rp=;fk; cs;sd.
- ,e;jpahtpy; F$uhj;jpy; `fph; ruzhyaj;jpy;~ kl;Lnk Mrpar; rp=;f=;fs; cs;sd.
ik
rpW tpdh g
1. ahidfs; Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;jij vGJf.
U
v
- ahidfs; vg;nghJk; Tl;lkhfnt thGk;.
- Tl;lj;jpw;Fg; bgz; ahid jiyik jh=;Fk;.
t
al
- jz;zPh; kw;Wk; czt[f;fhf ahidfs; ,lk;bgah;e;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;.
- ehs; xd;Wf;F 250 fpnyh g[y;/ ,iy jiHfis czt[k;/ 60 ypl;lh; jz;zPUk;
njitg;gLk;.
k;
1
.k
- kpFe;j epidthw;wYk; ghrKk; bfhz;l tpy=;F.
- fz;ghh;itf; Fiwt[/ nkhg;g Mw;wy; kpFjp.
2. fuo Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;j bra;jpfs; ahit>
w
- ed;F tsh;e;j fuo 160 fpnyh vil tiu ,Uf;Fk;

- gH=;fs; kw;Wk; njd; cz;gjw;fhf fuo kuk; VWk;.
- gH=;fs;/ njd;/ cjph;e;j kyh;fs;/ fha;fs;/ fdpfs;/ g[w;wPry;/ fiuahd; vd
w
midj;ija[k; cz;gjhy; fuo `midj;Jz;zp~ vd miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

- jd; mlh;e;j Kofs; @yk; vjphpfsplk; ,Ue;J jd;idf; fhg;ghw;wpf;
bfhs;fpd;wJ.
w
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. tpy=;Ffs; bjhlh;ghd gHbkhHpfisj; jpul;o tUf.
7
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1. ghh;j;jhy; gR/ gha;e;jhy; g[yp

(v.fh.) : g[yp grpj;jhYk; g[y;iyj; jpd;dhJ.
2. rhJ kpuz;lhy; fhL bfhs;shJ.
ps
3. ahid tUk; gpd;nd/ kzpnahir tUk; Kd;nd.

4. behz;of; fGijf;Fr; rUf;fpdJ rhf;fhk;.
5. tPl;oy; vyp / btspapy; g[yp.
6. ehag; bghwe;jhYk; ey;yhg; bghwf;fDk;.
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7. fGijf;Fj; bjhpa[kh fw;g[{u third.
8. ML khL ,y;yhjtd; milkiHf;F uhrh.
9. J}=;fzh=; FUtpf;Ff; Fu=;F g[j;jp brhy;Yr;rhk;.
ad
2. fhl;L tpy=;Ffspd; gl=;fisj; jpul;o glj;bjhFg;g[ cUthf;Ff.
v ik
j
al vav
xU thp jkpH;g; bghd;bkhHpfs;
.k
kp 6. rpwe;j g[j;jfk; ey;y ez;gd;.
7. E}yfk; mwp+h;fs; thGk; ,lk;.
H;
w
8. g[j;jf=;fs; fdt[fis tsh;f;Fk;.

9. tPl;ow;F xU E}yfk; mikg;nghk;.
10. njhy;tp ,Wjp my;y.
w
vav
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ps
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` f=;fh ` 49
al
,ay; tphpthdk;
2 ,e;jpa tdkfd;
ad
$hjt;gna=; fhl;il vt;thW cUthf;fpdhh;>
ik
Kd;Diu
m!;!hk; khepyj;jpd; n$hh;tpuhl; khtl;lj;ijr; rhh;e;jth; $hjt;gna=;. `,e;jpa g
tdkfd;~ vd;W ,th; miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;. gpuk;kg[j;jpuh Mw;wpd; eLnt cs;s
kpfg;bghpa jPtpy; jdJ fod ciHg;ghy; xU fhl;il cUthf;fpdhh;. mjid vg;go U
v
cUthf;fpdhh;> vd;gij ,f;fl;Liu tpsf;FfpwJ.
kuk; tsh;f;Fk; vz;zk; t
al
1979y; gpuk;kg[j;jpuh Mw;wpy; bgUbts;sk; Vw;gl;lJ. ku=;fs; ,y;yhj jPtpy;
ghk;g[fs; fiu xJ=;fpd.rpy ghk;g[fs; ,we;jd. gy ghk;g[fs; btg;gk; jh=;fhky;
capUf;Fg; nghuhof; bfhz;oUe;jJ. ,f;fhl;rp $hjt;gna=;if kpft[k; ghjpj;jJ.
k;
Ch;g; bghpath;fs; `jPtpy; ku=;fs; ,y;yhjJjhd; fhuzk;~ vd;wdh;. mthplk; jPt[
1
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KGtJk; kuk; tsh;f;Fk; vz;zk; njhd;w Muk;gpj;jJ. Ch; kf;fsplk; jPtpy; kuk;
tsh;f;fyhk; vd;W mth; Twpa nghJ/ mjid ahUk; Vw;ftpy;iy.
tplh Kaw;rp
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$hjt;gna=; jPtpy; tpijfis tpijf;fj; bjhl=;fpdhh;. ed;F guhkhpj;jhh;.

Mdhy; mitfs; Kisf;ftpy;iy. tdj;Jiw mwpt[Wj;jyhy; @=;fpy;
ku=;fis tsh;f;fj; bjhl=;fpdhh;. mit ed;F tsu Muk;gpj;jJ. mth; kpFe;j
kfpH;r;rpaile;jhh;.@=;fpiyj; jtpu ntW ve;j kuKk; ,j;jPtpy; tsutpy;iy.
w
mrhk; ntshz; gy;fiyf;fHfg; nguhrphpah; $hJehj; mth;fspd; mwpt[Wj;jypd;go

kz;g[Gt[ld; rptg;g[f; fl;blWk;ig mj;jPt[ kz;zpy;tpl;lhh;. rpwpJ rpwpjhf
kz;zpd; jd;ik khwp gRk;g[y;Yk; ku=;fSk; tsuj; bjhl=;fpd.
w
g[jpa fhL cUthdJ

ku=;fspy; tpise;j gH=;fis cz;L/ mjd; bfhl;ilfis tpijahfr;
nrkpj;J itj;J tpijj;jhh;. fhy;eilfis tsh;j;J mjd; rhz=;fis ku=;fSf;F
cukhf;fpdhh;. kiH bga;ahj fhy=;fspy; ghid bghpa @=;fpy; Jiz bfhz;L
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brhl;L brhl;lhf ePhpid ku=;fSf;Ftpl;lhh;. ku=;fs; bgUfp tsh;e;J/ mj; jPt[

bgU=;fhlhdJ.ahidfs;/ ghk;g[fs;/ fGFfs;/ fhz;lhkpUf=;fs;/ g[ypfs; Kjypa
fhl;L tpy=;Ffs; tuj;bjhl=;fpd.
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Kot[iu
$hjt;gna=; nghy ehKk; fhl;il cUthf;f Kay;nthk;. mjw;F milahskhf
ek; tPl;ilr; Rw;wp ku=;fis el;L/ mit ed;F tsUk; tiu fhf;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa
tdkfd; tHpapy; ehKk; bry;nthk;.
kuk; tsh;g;nghk; - kiH bgWnthk;-fhl;oid cUthf;Fnthk;-
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50 ` f=;fh `
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,ay; fw;fz;L
2 ehy;tiff;FWf;f=;fs;
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ik
1. ntl;if vd;Dk; brhy;ypy; Ifhuf; FWf;fk; bgWk; khj;jpiu mst[ _______
m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) ,uz;L [tpil : M]
v
2. kfuf; FWf;fk; ,lk;bgwhj brhy; _______
m) nghd;k; M) kUz;k;
j 3.
,) gHk; tpGe;jJ
al <) gzk; fpilj;jJ
brhy;ypd; Kjypy; kl;Lnk ,lk; bgWtJ _______
[tpil : <]
.k
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk;
kp ,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : M]
H; FW tpdh
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1. xsfhuk; vg;nghJ KGikahf xypf;Fk;>

xs/ bts vd xsitfhu vGj;J/ jdpj;J tUk; ,l=;fspy; jd;Dila ,uz;L
khj;jpiuapy; KGikahf xypf;Fk;.
w
2. brhy;ypd; Kjy;/ ,il/ fil Mfpa ,l=;fspy; Ifhuf;FWf;fk; bgWk; khj;jpiu

mst[ ahJ>
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Ifhuf;FWf;fk; bgWk; khj;jpiu

Kjy; ? 11/2 khj;jpiu
7 ,il ? 1 khj;jpiu
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fil ? 1 khj;jpiu
3. kfuf;FWf;fj;jpw;F ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
ps
1. tyk; te;jhd;
2. nghd;k;
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` f=;fh ` 51
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TLjy; tpdh
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1. @tpl=;fspYk; FWFk; FWf;fk;_______
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : m]
2. brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; kl;Lnk FWFk; FWf;fk;
ik
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk; g
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : M]
U
v
3. itak;/ rikay;/ gwit Mfpa brhw;fspy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk;
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhfuf;FWf;fk; t
4.
,) kfuf;FWf;fk;
al <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk;
xsitahh;/ btsthy; Mfpa brhw;fspy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk;
[tpil : m]
k;
1
.k
5. brhy;ypd; ,ilapYk; filapYk; tuhj FWf;fk;

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6. kfuf;FWf;fj;jpd; khj;jpiuast[
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m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) fhy; [tpil : <]
7. Ma;jf;FWf;fj;jpd; khj;jpiuast[
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m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) fhy; [tpil : <]
8. bka;baGj;J bgWk; khj;jpiuast[
7
m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) fhy; [tpil : m]
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9. caph;f;Fwpy; bgWk; khj;jpiuast[

m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) fhy; [tpil : M]
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10. caph;f;beoy; bgWk; khj;jpiuast[

m) miu M) xd;W ,) xd;wiu <) ,uz;L [tpil : <]
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11. tyk; te;jhd;/ nghd;k;/ kUz;k; Mfpa brhw;fspy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk;
m) Ifhfuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhuf;FWf;fk;
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : ,]
ad
12. KBOJ/ fBwPJ Mfpa brhw;fspy; gapd;W tUk; FWf;fk;
m) Ifhuf;FWf;fk; M) xsfhuf;FWf;fk;
,) kfuf;FWf;fk; <) Ma;jf;FWf;fk; [tpil : <]
ik
13. bghUj;Jf.
1. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; ? m) xsitahh;/btsthy;
2. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; ? M) tyk; te;jhd;
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3. kfuf;FWf;fk; ? ,) KBOJ / fBwPJ
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m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?,
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?<
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<) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : M]
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14. Ma;jf;FWf;fk; ,lk; bgwhj brhy;
m) mBJ M) KBOJ ,) fBwPJ <) gBWsp [tpil : m]
H; 15. bghUe;jhjtw;iwf; fz;lwpf.

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1. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; ? xd;wiu kw;Wk; xU khj;jpiu

2. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; ? ,uz;L khj;jpiu
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3. kfuf;FWf;fk; ? fhy; khj;jpiu

4. Ma;jf;FWf;fk; ? fhy; khj;jpiu [tpil : 2]

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1. rpy ,l=;fspy; jd;Dila khj;jpiuast[ Fiwe;J xypg;git _______
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tpil : FWf;f=;fs;
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z;L 2. Ì~ vd;w vGj;J bgWk; khj;jpiuast[
3. mk;kh/ ghlk; goj;jhd; Mfpa brhw;fspy; kfu bka;baGj;J bgWk; khj;jpiuast[

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4. _______ brhy;ypd; ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; thuhJ. tpil : xsfhuk;
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1. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>rhd;W jUf.
ad
xsfhuk; jd; ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J
xypg;gJ xsfhuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;. ]brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; kl;Lnk tUk;.
rhd;W: xsitahh; / btsthy;
2. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>rhd;W jUf.
ik
Ifhuk; jd; ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J
xypg;gJ Ifhuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;. brhy;Yf;F Kjy; / ,il / fil Mfpa
,l=;fspy; FWFk;.
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rhd;W: irtk; / rikay; U
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3. kfuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>rhd;W jUf.
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kfuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W: tyk; te;jhd;
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kfuk; jd; miu khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J fhy; khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J xypg;gJ
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Ma;jk; jd; miu khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J fhy; khj;jpiuahf Fiwe;J xypg;gJ
Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
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rhd;W: fw;wPJ.
fw;giw fw;wgpd;
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bjhFj;bjGJf.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :
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Ifhuf;FWf;fk; xsfhuf;FWf;fk; kfuf;FWf;fk; Ma[jf;FWf;fk;

Ik;gJ xsljk; jUk; tz;o fBwPJ
7
kilad; xsit tUk; tstd; g BwPJ
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jiytd; bfsjhhp tUk; tz;o KBOJ

gBWsp fliy
Ith; bjsyP!;tuk; kUz;k; gBbwhil
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xstpak; jUk; tstd; gBwhHpir

gilay;
xsjrpak; bgWk; tzpfd;
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xst[jy;
gil
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54 ` f=;fh `
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bkhHpia MH;nthk;
fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;g[fSs; xd;W gw;wp ,uz;L epkplk; ngRf.
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fhl;L tsnk ehl;L tsk;-
midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk;.fhl;L tsnk ehl;L tsk;- vd;gijg; gw;wp rpy
epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;. xU ehl;L tsk; vg;go Kot[ bra;ag;gLfpd;wJ vd;why;/
me;j ehl;oy; cs;s ePh; tsk;/ epy tsk;/ bjhHpy; tsk; Mfpait bfhz;L jhd;
fzf;fplg;gLfpd;wJ. ePh; tsj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; kiH. kiHapdhy; kl;Lnk ePh;
ik
tsj;ijg; bgUf;f Koa[k;. me;j kiHf;F mog;gilf; fuhzk; fhLfs;jhd;. fhLfs;
,y;iybad;why; ePh; tsk; ehl;oy; ,y;iy.fhLfSk; fhl;LaphpfSk; epytskhfpa
kz;tsj;ij nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.epyKk; ePUk; bgUftpy;iy vd;why; ehl;od;
bjhHpy; tsk; fpilahJ. vdnt fhl;L tsnk ehl;L tsk; vd;W Twp epiwt[
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bra;fpd;nwd;. ed;wp.
fhl;od; gad;fs;
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midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk;.fhl;od; gad;fs; vd;gijg; gw;wp rpy epkpl=;fs;
ngRfpd;nwd;. fhl;od; gad;fs; xd;wy;y. ,uz;ly;y.mit gythFk;.tpy=;Ffs;/
gwitfs;/ g[{r;rpfs;/ Ez;Qaphpfs;/ Ch;td Mfpa vz;zw;w caphpfSf;F
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czita[k; ciwtplj;ija[k; jUtJ fhnl. caph;tspia mjpfkhf cw;gj;jp bra;J
kp bfhLf;fpd;wJ. kiH tsj;ijg; bgUf;Ffpd;wJ. kz;izg; gz;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

FoePh; jl;Lg;ghl;ilg; nghf;Fk;. czt[g;bgUf;fk; Vw;gLk;.gUtepiy rPuila[k;.
H; kz;zhpg;g[ jLf;fg;gLk;.epyj;jo ePh; kl;lj;ijg; bgUf;Fk;.g[tp btg;gkakhjiyj;

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jLf;Fk;. vdnt fhl;od; gad; mwpe;J fhLfs; tsh;g;nghk; vd;W Twp epiwt[
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mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;
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ghy; Ie;J
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tifg;gLk;
1. Mz;ghy; xd;wd;ghy; gytpd;ghy; Mz;ghy; bgz;ghy; gyh;ghy;
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2. bgz;ghy; xd;iwf; xd;Wf;F Xh; Mizf; Xh; xd;Wf;F

3. gyh;ghy; Fwpg;gJ nkw;gl;ltw;iwf; Fwpg;gJ bgz;izf; nkw;gl;lth;fisf;
Fwpg;gJ
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4. gytpd;ghy; xd;wd; ghy; Fwpg;gJ gytpd; Mz;ghy Fwpg;gJ gyh; ghy;
5. xd;wd;ghy; ghy; bgz;ghy;
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rhd;W:
fy;/ gR kz; g[Gf;fs; khztd; Mjpdp khzth;fs;
gRf;fs; bry;td; khztp kf;fs;
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vjph;g;ghYf;Fhpa bgah;fis vGJf.

1. kfsph; x Mlth; 2. murd; x murp 3. bgz; x Mz;
4. khztd; x khztp 5. rpWtd; x rpWkp 6. njhHp x njhHd;
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` f=;fh ` 55
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glj;jpw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd ghiy vGJf
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xd;wd; ghy; Mz;ghy; xd;wd; ghy;
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bgz;ghy;
al gyh;ghy; gytpd; ghy;
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gpiHiaj; jpUj;jpr; rhpahf vGJf.
(v.fh) : fz;zfp rpyk;g[ mzpe;jhd;.
tpil : fz;zfp rpyk;g[ mzpe;jhs;.
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1 nfhtyd; rpyk;g[ tpw;fg; nghdhs;. nfhtyd; rpyk;g[ tpw;fg; nghdhd;.

2 murh;fs; ey;yhl;rp bra;jhh;. murh;fs; ey;yhl;rp bra;jdh;.
3 gR fd;iw <d;wd. gR fd;iw <d;wJ.
4 nkf=;fs; NH;e;J bfhz;lJ. nkf=;fs; NH;e;J bfhz;ld.
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5 FHyp eldk; MoaJ. FHyp eldk; Modhs;.
fojk; vGJf.
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eP=;fs; brd;W te;j Rw;Wyh Fwpj;J c=;fs; ez;gDf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.

ez;gDf;Ff; fojk;
23/ bghpahh; tPjp/
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cd; md;g[ ez;gd; vGJk; fojk;.ehDk; vd; FLk;gj;jhUk; kpFe;j eyj;Jld;

,Uf;fpd;nwhk;. ePa[k; cd; FLk;gj;jhUk; eykh>v=;fs; gs;spapy; fle;j thuk;
kJiuf;Fr; Rw;Wyh miHj;Jr; brd;whh;fs;.m=;Fr; brd;w mDgtj;ij cd;Dld;
gfph;e;Jbfhs;s tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.kJiu vd;why; ,dpik vd;gijg; ghlE}ypy; jhd;
goj;jpUf;fpd;nwd;.m=;Fr; brd;wnghJ jhd; me;j ,dpikia czh;e;njd;.
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kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd; nfhtpYf;Fr; brd;nwd;. m=;F vt;tst[ EQf;fkhd
fiyEl;gk; bjhpa[kh> fhzf; fz; nfho ntz;Lk; ez;gh- FkuFUguhpd;
kPdhl;rpak;ikg; gps;isj; jk;pH;g;ghly;fs; fy;btl;Lfspy; m=;Fr; brJf;fp
ad
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.gpd;dh; ehaf;fh; kfhYf;Fr; brd;nwhk;. m=;Fs;s xt;bthU J}
Qk; fijfs; gy brhy;Yk;. m=;Fs;s ehl;oa mu=;F kpft[k; bghypt[ld; cs;sJ.
kJiu fhkuhrh; gy;fiyf; fHfk; brd;nwhk;.m=;Fs;s E}yfj;ijf; fz;L tpae;J
jkpH;r;r=;fnk - ,Jnth> vd;W epidj;njd;.mLj;j thuk; nehpy; tUk; nghJ ,d;Dk;
tpsf;fkhff; TWfpd;nwd;.md;g[ld; Kof;fpd;nwd;.thH;f tsKld;.
ik
,g;gof;F
caph; ez;gd;/
g. ,s=;fjph;
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ciwnky; Kfthp
bgWeh;
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kp bkhHpnahL tpisahL
H; tl;lj;jpYs;s vGj;Jf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.

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1. g[ijay; 2. ,ay; 3. fay; 4. g[ay; 5. fly;
7 6. ijay; 7. g[y; 8. fy; 9. ,y;iy 10. ,ay;g[

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brhw;fis ,izj;Jg; g[jpa brhw;fs; mikf;f.

thiH japh; TL jply; ghl;L
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FUtp bfha;ah nrhW gHk; gwit

tpisahl;L Tl;lk; mtiu nghl;o fha'
(v.fh) : thiH + fha; ? thiHf;fha;
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1. FUtp + TL ? FUtpf;TL
2. tpisahl;L + jply; ? tpisahl;Lj; jply;
3. japh; + nrhW ? japh;r; nrhW
ad
4. bfha;ah + gHk; ? bfha;ahg; gHk;
5. tpisahl;L + nghl;o ? tpisahl;Lg;nghl;o
6. mtiu + fha; ? mtiuf;fha;
ik
tpLfijf;F tpil vGJf.
1. kuk; tpl;L kuk; jut[ntd;" Fu=;F my;y. g
tise;j thYz;L" g[yp my;y
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bfhl;ilfisf; bfhwpg;ngd;" fpsp my;y.
KJfpy; @d;W nfhLfis cilatd;. ehd; ahh;>................. tpil : mzpy;
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2. vd; bgah; @d;W vGj;Jfisf; bfhz;lJ.
KjbyGj;ij ePf;fpdhy; kiwg;ngd;. k;
1
,uz;lhk; vGj;ij ePf;fpdhy; Fiug;ngd;.
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@d;whk; vGj;ij ePf;fpdhy; Fjpg;ngd;. ehd; ahh;>................... tpil : Fjpiu
3. bts;isaha; ,Ug;ngd;. ghy; my;y.
kPd; gpog;ngd;" J}z;oy; my;y
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jtkpUg;ngd;" Kdptuy;y ehd; ahh;>.................. tpil : bfhf;F
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
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jPt[ ? Island ctik ? Parable

,aw;if tsk; ? Nature Resource fhL ? Jungle
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td tpy=;Ffs; ? Wild Animals tdtpay; ? Forestry

tdg; ghJfhtyh; ? Forest Conservator gy;Yaph;kz;lyk;? Bio Diversity
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58 ` f=;fh `
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,ay; thH;tpay;
2 jpUf;Fws;
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kdg;ghlg; ghly;
1. Vjpyhh; Fw;wk;nghy; jk;Fw;wk; fhz;fpw;gpd;
ik
jPJz;nlh kd;Dk; caph;f;F.
2. tha;ik vdg;gLtJ ahbjdpd; ahbjhd;Wk;
jPik ,yhj brhyy;.
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3. cs;sj;jhy; bgha;ahJ xGfpd; cyfj;jhh;
cs;sj;Js; vy;yhk; csd;.
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al
4. ,aw;wYk; <l;lYk; fhj;jYk; fhj;j
tFj;jYk; ty;yJ muR.
: jpUf;Fws;
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kp Mrphpah; : jpUts;Sth;
H;
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Mrphpah; : jpUts;Sth;
fhyk; : 2000 Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lth;
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ntWbgah;fs; : bre;ehg;nghjhh;/ bgha;apy;g[yth;/ Kjw;ghtyh;.

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brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
mGf;fhwhik ? bghwhik bfhs;shik Vjpyhh; ? gpwh;
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mGf;fhW ? bghwhik g[{hpahh; ? ,Hpe;jth;
nfL ? tWik brt;tpahd; ? rhd;nwhh;

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rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;f.
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1. tha;ik vdg;gLtJ ?????????
m) md;ghfg;ngRjy; M) jP=;Fjuhj brhw;fisg; ngRjy;
,) jkpHpy; ngRjy; <) rj;jkhfg; ngRjy; [tpil : M]
2. ???????? bry;tk; rhd;nwhh;fshy; Muhag;gLk;.
ik
m) kd;dd; M) bghwhik ,y;yhjtd;
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,) bghwhik cs;std; <) bry;te;jd; [tpil : ,]
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3. `bghUl;bry;tk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ ?????????
m) bghU + bry;tk; M) bghUl; + bry;tk; t
4.
,) bghUs; + bry;tk;
al <) bghUk; + bry;tk;
àhbjdpd;;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ ?????????
[tpil : ,]
k;
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m) ah + vdpd; M) ahJ + bjdpd;
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,) ah + bjdpd; <) ahJ + vdpd; [tpil : <]
5. ahJ + vdpd; vd;w brhy;iyr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????
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m) jd;be+;R M) jd;bd+;R ,) jhbd+;R <) jbd+;R [tpil : M]

6. jPJ + cz;nlh vd;w brhy;iyr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????
m) jPJz;nlh M) jPJcz;nlj
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,) jPjpz;nlh <) jPa[z;nlh [tpil : m]

7. rpwe;j murpd; gzpfis thpirg;gLj;Jf. tpil
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m) bghUisg; gphpj;Jr; bryt[ bra;jy;. 1. M) bghUs; tUk; tHpfis mwpjy;.

M) bghUs; tUk; tHpfis mwpjy;. 2. <) bghUs;fisr; nrh;j;jy;.
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,) nrh;j;j bghUisg; ghJfhj;jy; 3. ,) nrh;j;j bghUisg; ghJfhj;jy;
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4. m) bghUisg; gphpj;Jr; bryt[ bra;jy;.

<) bghUs;fisr; nrh;j;jy;.
FW tpdh
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1. vg;nghJ jd;be+;nr jd;id tUj;Jk;>

xUth; jd; kdk; mwpa bgha;brhy;yf; TlhJ. mt;thW Twpdhy; mth; kdnk
mtiur; RLk;.
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60 ` f=;fh `
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2. thGk; bewp ahJ>
xUth; jd; kdj;jpy; bghwhik ,y;yhJ xGf;f bewpnahL thH ntz;Lk;.
3. cyfj;jhh; cs;s=;fspy; vy;yhk; ,Ug;gtd; ahh;>
ad
cs;sj;jpy; bgha;apy;yhky; thH;gth;/ cyfj;jhh; cs;s=;fspy; vy;yhk; ,Ug;gth;
Mth;.
fPH;fhQk; brhw;fisf; bfhz;L jpUf;Fws; mikf;f.
bghUl;bry;tk; vy;yhk; g{hpahh; bry;tj;Js;
ik
fz;Qk; mUl;bry;tk; cs brtpr;brhy;
mr;bry;tk; jiy bry;tk; ???????
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tpil :
1. mUl;bry;tk; bry;tj;Js; bry;tk; bghUl;bry;tk;
j
g[{hpahh; fz;Qk; cs.
al
2. bry;tj;Js; bry;tk; brtpr;bry;tk; mr;bry;tk;
bry;tj;Js; vy;yhk; jiy.
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kp gpd;tUk; gj;jpf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
H;
mwtHp vd;wt[ld; ek; epidt[f;F tUgth; njrj;je;ij fhe;jpaofs;. mth; jk;
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rpW tajpy; `mupr;re;jpud;~ ehlfj;ijg; ghh;j;jhh;. mjpy; mupr;re;jpud; vd;Dk; kd;dh;

`bgha; ngrhik~ vd;Dk; mwj;ij vj;jif NH;epiyapYk; jtwhky; filg;gpoj;jhh;.
,e;j ehlfj;ijf; fz;l fhe;jpaofs; jhKk; bgha; ngrhikiaf; filg;gpof;f
ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjp g{z;lhh;. mjidj; jk; thH;ehs; KGtJk; gpd;gw;wpdhh;.
w
,g;gz;ng fhe;jpaofs; vy;yhh; ,jaj;jpYk; ,lk; gpof;ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

1. xGf;fhwhf; bfhs;f xUtd;jd; be+;rj;J
w
mGf;fhW ,yhj ,ay;g[.

2. tha;ik vdg;gLtJ ahbjdpd; ahbjhd;Wk;
7 jPik ,yhj brhyy;.

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3. cs;sj;jhy; bgha;ahJ xGfpd; cyfj;jhh;

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tpil : 3. cs;sj;jhy; bgha;ahJ xGfpd; cyfj;jhh;

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` f=;fh ` 61
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TLjy; tpdh
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
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1. Kg;ghy;/ bgha;ah bkhHp/ bja;t E}y; nghd;w gpwbgah;fspy; miHf;fg;gLk; E}y;
m) jpUf;Fws; M) Vyhjp
,) jphpfLfk; <) Mrhuf;nfhit [tpil : m]
ik
2. jpUf;Fwspy; mike;j bkhj;j Fwl;ghf;fs;
m) 133 M) 1330 ,) 70 <) 38 [tpil : M] g
3. jpUf;Fws; gFg;g[
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4. bghUj;Jf
1. mGf;fhW
2. Mf;fk;
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? m) bry;tk;
? M); bghwhik
k;
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3. nfL ? ,) gpwh;
4. Vjpyhh; ? <) tWik
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
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,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : m]
5. bghUj;Jf
1. g[{hpahh; ? m) ,Hpe;jth;
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2. tha;ik ? M) rhd;nwhh;
3. brt;tpahd; ? ,) cz;ik
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4. jPJ ? <) Fw;wk;

m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
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,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : <]
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6. jP=;F juhj brhw;fisr; brhy;Yjy; ???????

m) tha;ik M) mUs;
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,) mGf;fhwhik <) ,iwkhl;rp [tpil : m]

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26
62 ` f=;fh `
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1. xUth; _________ bgha; brhy;yf; TlhJ. tpil : be+;rwpa
ad
2. mt;tpa be+;rj;jhd; _________ brt;tpahd;. tpil : Mf;fKk;
3. jd; Fw;wk; fhz;gtUila thH;tpy; _______ ,y;iy. tpil : Jd;gk;
4. rpwe;j bry;tk; _________ tpil : mUl;bry;tk;
ik
5. jd;bd+;R mwptJ _________. tpil : bgha;aw;f
FW tpdh:
1. brt;tpahd; nfL epidf;fg;gLk; vg;nghJ>
v
bghwhik bfhz;ltUila bry;tk;/ bghwhik ,y;yhjtUila tWik
rhd;nwhuhy; Muhag;gLk;.
j
2.
al
vg;nghJ thH;tpy; Jd;gk; ,y;iy>
gpwUila Fw;wj;ijf; fhz;gJ nghy jd; Fw;wj;ijf; fhz;gtUf;FthH;tpy;
Jd;gk; ,y;iy.
.k
kp 3. vg;nghJ g[w=; TWjy; TlhJ>
neUf;F neh; epd;W fLikahd brhw;fisr; brhd;dhYk; brhy;yyhk. Mdhy;/
H; mth; ,y;yhj nghJ g[w=;Twy; TlhJ.

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4. mUl;bry;tk; / bghUl;bry;tk; Fwpj;J ts;Sth; TWtJ>

1. bry;t=;fSs; rpwe;jJ mUl;bry;tk;
2. bghUl;bry;tk; ,Hpe;jthplj;jpYk; cs;sJ.
w
rpW tpdh
rpwe;j murpd; bray;fs; ahit>
w
1. bghUs; tUk; tHpfis mwpjy;.

2. bghUs;fisr; nrh;j;jy;.
7 3. nrh;j;j bghUisg; ghJfhj;jy;

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4. bghUisg; gphpj;Jr; bryt[ bra;jy;.

? Mfpad rpwe;j murpd; bray;fs; MFk;.
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` f=;fh ` 63
al
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH;
,ay; ? ,uz;L
ad
fhyk; : 30 epkplk; kjpg;bgz; :20
I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 4x1=4
1. fhbly;yhk; ? vd;w brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ
ik
m) fhL + vy;yhk;
,) fh + bly;yhk;
M) fhL + bly;yhk;
<) fhd; + vy;yhk;
g
2. ehty; gHj;jpw;F ctikahff; Twg;gl;lJ ??????? U
v
m) gr;ir ,iy M) nfhypf;Fz;L
t
3.
,) gr;irf;fha;
al <) br=;fha;
jkpHfj;jpy; g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; mike;Js;s ,lk; ??????? k;
1
m) ntle;jh=;fy;; M) nfhoaf;fiu
.k
,) Kz;le;Jiw <) Te;jd; Fsk;
4. kfuf;FWf;fk; bgWk; khj;jpiu mst[
m) xd;W M) miu ,) fhy; <) ,uz;L
w

5. fhl;od; gad;fshff; ftp+h; Rujh ciug;gd ahit>
w
6. khdpd; tiffs; rpytw;iwf; TWf.

7. kfuf;FWf;fj;jpw;Fr; rhd;Wfs; jUf.
w
8.fhl;il ,aw;if tpLjp vd;W Vd; miHf;fpd;nwhk;>

9.fuofs; Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;j bra;jpia vGJf.
IV.
7
fojk; vGJf. 1x4=4
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10. eP=;fs; brd;W te;j Rw;Wyh Fwpj;J c=;fs; ez;gDf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
vav
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tt
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46
64 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay; ftpijg;
3 ngiH g[yp j=;fpa Fif
ad
kdg;ghlg; ghly;
rpw;wpy; ew;W}z; gw;wp epd;kfd;
ik
ahz;L csndh vdtpdt[jp vd;kfd;
ahz;Lcsd; MapDk; mwpnad; XUk;
g[ypnrh;e;J nghfpa fy;mis nghy
v
<d;w tapnwh ,Jnt
njhd;Wtd; khnjh nghh;f;fsj; jhnd
j
E}y; al
: g[wehD}W
Mrphpah; : fhtw;bgz;L
.k
kp fhtw;bgz;L :
- r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw; g[yth;
H; - nfhg;bgU ew;fps;spapd; brtpypj;jha;
w
- gilg;g[ : g[wehD}w;wpy; xU ghly;
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
w
1. rpw;wpy; ? rpW tPL 2. fy; mis ? fw;Fif 3. ahz;L ? v=;nf tapW.

4. <d;w tapW ? bgw;bwLj;j 5. Foy; ? tPL
w
7 rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

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1. àhz;L~ vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs;

m) vdJ M) v=;F ,) vt;tst[ <) vJ [tpil : M]
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2. àhz;Lsndh>~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) ahz;L + csndh> M) ahz; + csndh>
,) ah + csndh> <) ahz;L + cndh> [tpil : m]
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` f=;fh ` 65
al
3. `fy; + mis~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) fy;yis M) fy;mis ,) fyyis <) fy;Yis [tpil : m]
ad
FW tpdh
1. jk; tapw;Wf;Fj; jha; vjid ctikahff; TWfpwhh;>
jk; tapw;Wf;Fj; jha; `g[yp j=;fpa Fif~ia ctikahff; TWfpwhh;.
rpW tpdh
ik
1. jk; kfd; Fwpj;Jj; jha; Twpa bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
- rpwpa vd; tPl;oYs;s J}izg; gw;wpf; bfhz;L / vJt[k; bjhpahjts; nghy eP
g
`cd; kfd; v=;nf>~ vd;W vd;idf; nfl;fpd;wha;.
U
v
- mtd; v=;F ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;W vdf;Fj; bjhpahJ. Mdhy; `g[yp j=;fpa Fif~
nghd;W mtidg; bgw;w tapW vd;dplk; cs;sJ.
t
al
- mtd; ,=;F ,y;iy Mdhy; nghh;f;fsj;jpy; ,Uf;fyhk;. ngha;f; fhz;ghahf-
? vd;W jd; kfd; Fwpj;Jj; jha; Twpdhs;. k;
1
rpe;jid tpdh
.k
1. jha; jd; tapw;iwg; g[yp j=;fpr; brd;w FifnahL xg;gpLtJ Vd;>
- g[yp kpFe;j typikahdJ/ RWRWg;ghdJ/ jd;dk;gpf;if kpf;fJ/ tPuk; kpFe;jJ.
- mijg; nghy tPuk; kpf;ftd; kfd;.
w
- ,Us; epiwe;j Fifapy; g[yp ,Ug;gJ nghy;/ ,Us; epiwe;j tPuk; kpf;f
fUtiwapy; jd; kfd; cw=;fp tsh;e;jhd;.
- g[yp Fifia tpl;L ntl;ilf;Fr; bry;tJ nghy gifth;fis
w
ntl;ilahLtjw;F kfd; nghh;f;fsk; brd;W ,Uf;fpd;whd;.

- mjdhy; jha; jd; tapw;iwg; g[yp j=;fpr; brd;w FifnahL xg;gpLfpwhh;.
w
TLjy; tpdh
7
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1. nfhg;bgU ew;fps;spapd; brtpypj;jhahf tps=;fpath _______

m) xsitahh; M) xf;Th; khrhj;jpahh;
,) fhtw;bgz;L <) btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh; [tpil : ,]
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2. vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W _______

m) g[wehD}W M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L
,) jpUf;Fws; <) jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil [tpil : m]
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66 ` f=;fh `
al
3. jkpH;kf;fspd; thH;fi
; f Kiw/ ehfhpfk;/ gz;ghL/ tPuk; Kjypatw;iw btspg;gLj;Jk; E}y;
,) gjpw;Wg;gj;J <) FWe;bjhif [tpil : m]
ad
4. nfhg;bgU ew;fps;sp _______ kd;dd;.
m) nru M) nrhH ,) ghz;oa <) gy;yt [tpil : M]
5. fhtw;bgz;L ghoa ghly; mike;j E}y; _______
ik
,) gjpw;Wg;gj;J <) FWe;bjhif [tpil : m]
v
m) fhtw;bgz;L ? bgz;ghw; g[yth;
M) fhtw;bgz;L ? r=;ffhyg; g[yth;
j
,) fhtw;bgz;L
<) fhtw;bgz;L
al
? g[wehD}w;wpy; ghly; ghodhh;
? nfhg;bgU ew;fps;spapd; jha; [tpil : <]
7. bghUj;Jf.
.k
kp 1. rpw;wpy; ? m. fw;Fif
H;
2. fy; mis ? M. rpW tPL
w
3. ahz;L ? ,. bgw;bwLj;j
4. <d;w tapW ? <. v=;nf
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
w
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : m]
8. `g[ypnrh;e;J nghfpa fy;mis nghy` ? ,jpy; `Fif~ vd;Dk; bghUs;

w
m) nrh;e;J M) nghfpa ,) mis <) nghy [tpil : ,]
7 m) ,y; ? tPL M) mis ? Fif

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,) <d;w ? bgw;w <) ahz;L ? ,=;nf

10. rhpahd brhw;bwhliuj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
ps
m) md;idna- cd; kfd; v=;F cs;shd;>

M) cd; kfd; v=;F cs;shd;>md;idna-
,) v=;F md;idna cd; kfd; cs;shd;>
<) cd; kfd; v=;Fmd;idna cs;shd;> [tpil : m]
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` f=;fh ` 67
al
1. `g[yp j=;fpa Fif~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; mike;jg; ghliy vGjpath;_______
ad
tpil : fhtw;bgz;L
2. jkpHh;fs; gH=;fhyk; bjhl;nl _______/ _______ rpwe;J tps=;fpdh;.
tpil : fy;tpapYk;/ tPuj;jpYk;
ik
3. ehl;ilf;fhf;f _______ bry;tJ Kjw;flik. tpil : nghh;f;fsk;
4. fy;tpapy; njh;rr; pak

[ ; ftpghLk; Mw;wYk; kpff
; g[yth; _____. tpil : fhtw;bgz;L g
5. `g[yp j=;fpa Fif~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; mike;jg; ghly; g[wehD}w;wpy; _______tJ U
v
ghly;. tpil : 86
t
FW tpdh
1. fhtw;bgz;L ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf. al
- r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw; g[yth;.
k;
1
.k
- nfhg;bgU ew;fps;spapd; brtpypj;jha;.
- gilg;g[ : g[wehD}w;wpy; xU ghly;.
- fy;tpapy; njh;r;rpa[k; ftpghLk; Mw;wYk; kpf;f g[yth; ,th;.
w
2. g[wehD}W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

- vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W : g[wehD}W
- ,J gz;ilj; jkpH;kf;fspd; thH;f;if Kiw/ ehfhpfk;/ gz;ghL/ tPuk;.
w
Kjypatw;iw btspg;gLj;Jk; E}y;

3. g[ythplk; bgz; tpdtpaJ ahJ >
w
md;idna - cd; kfd; v=;F cs;shd;> vd;W g[ythplk; bgz; tpdtpdhs;.

4. `g[ypnrh;e;J nghfpa fy;mis nghy~ bjhlh; bghUs; ahJ>
7
bghUs; : g[yp j=;fpr; brd;w Fif nghy;
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5. jd; kfd; v=;F ,Uf;ff; TLk; vd;W g[yth; TWfpd;whh;>

jd; kfd; nghh;f;fsj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; TLk; vd;W g[yth; TWfpd;whh;.
ps
tt
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68 ` f=;fh `
al
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw; g[yth;fspd; bgah;fis mwpe;J vGJf.
ad
1. m+;rpmj;ij kfs; 11. fhtw;bgz;L 21. beLk;gy;ypaj;ij
ehifahh; 12. +kpHp+hyshh; 22. ghhpkfsph;
2. m+;rpy; m+;rpahh;
13. Fsk;ghjhadhh; 23. g[{=;fz; cj;jpiuahh;
3. ms;Ah; ed;Ky;iyahh;
14. Fwkfs; ,sbtapdp 24. bgU=;nfhg;bgz;L
ik
4. Mjp ke;jpahh;
15. Fwkfs; Fwpbaapdp 25. ef;fz;izahh;
5. Cd; gpj;ij
6. xf;Th; khrhj;jpahh; 16. Fd;wpadhh; 26. nga;kfs; ,sbtapdp
v
7. fr;rpg;ngl;L 17. jha=;fz;zpahh; 27. bghd;kzpahh;
ed;dhifahh; 18. ef;fz;zpahh; 28. bghd;Koahh;
j
8. fHhh;fPud; vapw;wpahh;
9. fhf;ifg; ghodpahh;
10.fhkf;fz;zpg;
griyahh;.
al 19. ey;bty;ypahh;
20. ed;dhifahh;
29. btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh;
30. bts;sptPjpahh;
.k
kp 2. gz;ilf;fhyg; nghh;f;fUtpfs; rpytw;wpd; glk; tiue;J mtw;wpd; bgah;fis
vGJf.
H;
w
w
w
nty; ths; <l;o tpy;
7
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` f=;fh ` 69
al
,ay; ftpijg;
3 ngiH gh+;ir tsk;
ad
bjhFg;ghrphpah; : eh.thdkhkiy
E}y; : tPughz;oa fl;lbghk;K fijg;ghly;
fhyk; : 1917 ? 1980
ik
Mh;tk; : ehl;Lg;g[wg; ghly;fs;/ gHbkhHpfs; nrfhpj;J
bjhFg;g[ E}y; btspaPL
g
Ch; : jpUbey;ntyp eh=;Fnehp
U
v
gilg;g[fs; : jkpHh; tuyhWk; gz;ghLk;/ jkpHh; ehl;Lg;
ghly;fs;/ caphpd; njhw;wk;/ Kj;Jg;gl;ld;
t
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
al fij Kjypad.
k;
1
.k
Nud; ? tPud; thuzk; ? ahid
bghf;fp&k; ? bry;tk; ghp ? Fjpiu
rh!;jp ? kpFjp rp=;fhuk; ?mHF
w
tp!;jhuk; ? bgUk;gug;g[ fKF ? ghf;F

w

1. Ch;tyj;jpd; Kd;dhy; _______ mire;J te;jJ.
w
m) njhuzk; M) thduk; ,) thuzk; <) re;jdk; [tpil : ,]
2. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; _______ ehia tpul;oLk;.
7
m) Kay; M) ehp ,) ghp <) g[yp [tpil : m]
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3. bkj;ij tPL vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ _______

m) bkj;ij tphpf;fg;gl;l tPL M) gLf;ifaiw cs;s tPL
ps
,) nkl;Lg;gFjpapy; cs;s tPL <) khotPL [tpil : <]
4. `g[{l;L=;fjt[fs;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) g[{l;L + fjt[fs; M) g[{l;Lk; + fjt[fs;
,) g[{l;od; + fjt[fs; <) g[{l;oa + fjt[fs; [tpil : M]
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70 ` f=;fh `
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5. `njhuznkil~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) njhuzk; + nkil M) njhuz + nkil
,) njhuzk; + xil <) njhuzk; + Xil [tpil : m]
ad
6. thry; + my=;fhuk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _______
m) thry;mt=;fhuk; M) thry=;fhuk;
,) thryy=;fhuk; <) thryp=;fhuk; [tpil : M]
ik
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
bghf;fp&k; ? mHF bghf;fp&k; ? bry;tk;
v
rh!;jp ? bry;tk; rh!;jp ? kpFjp
tp!;jhuk; ? kpFjp tp!;jhuk; ? bgUk;gug;g[
j
rp=;fhuk;
FWtpdh
1.
al
? bgUk;gug;g[ rp=;fhuk;
gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; nfhl;ilfs; gw;wpf; TWf.

? mHF
.k
kp - gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp efhpy; gy Rw;Wfshff; nfhl;ilfs; ,Uf;Fk;.
- mit kjpy;fshy; NHg;gl;litahf kpft[k; typikahf ,Uf;Fk;.
H;
w
2. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; ,aw;if tsk; vj;jifaJ>

g[{+;nrhiyfSk; re;jdkur; nrhiyfSk; MWfSk; bey; tay;fSk; ghf;Fj;
njhg;g[fSk; gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpf;F mHF nrh;f;Fk;.
w
rpWtpdh
1. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; tPLfs; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;>
- gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; xt;bthU tPLfspYk; kzpfshy; mHF bra;ag;gl;l
w
nkilfs; ,Uf;Fk;.
- tPLfbsy;yhk; kjpy;fshy; NHg;gl;l kho tPLfshf ,Uf;Fk;.
7 - tPl;Lf; fjt[fs; kpft[k; neh;j;jpahft[k; tPLfs; bry;tk; epiwe;jjhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;.

://
2. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; tPuj;Jf;Fr; rhd;whFk; epfH;t[fs; gw;wp vGJf.

- tPuk; epiwe;j gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; cs;s KayhdJ jd;idg; gpof;ftUk;
ps
ntl;il ehia vjph;j;J tpul;Lk;.

- gRt[k; g[ypa[k; ePh; epiyapd; xnu gf;fk; epd;W ghy; nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fof;Fk;.
- kd;dd; fl;lbghk;kd; bgaiur; brhd;dhy; fwe;J itj;j ghiyf; Tl fhfk;
Fof;fhJ.
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` f=;fh ` 71
al
rpe;jid tpdh
1. ehl;Lg; g[wf;fijg; ghly;fspy; fl;lbghk;kd; bghpJk; g[fHg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ>
ad
1. khtPud; fl;lbghk;kd; tPuk; epiwe;jth;.
2. m+;rh be+;rpdh;.
3. M=;fpnya cah; mjpfhhpfis neUf;F neuhfnt jd; ehl;L chpikf;fhf vjph;j;jth;.
Mfpa fhuzj;jpdhYk;/ kf;fs; kdjpy; tPuk; epiwe;jtuhf ,lk; gpoj;jpUg;gjhYk;
ehl;Lg; g[wf;fijg; ghly;fspy; fl;lbghk;kd; bghpJk; g[fHg;gLfpd;whh;.
ik
TLjy; tpdh g
U
v
1. tPughz;oa fl;lbghk;K fijg;ghliyj; bjhFj;J E}yhf btspapl;lth; _______
t
m) eh.thdkhkiy
,) md;dfhK
al M) R.rz;KfRe;juk;
<) rz;Kf Re;juk; [tpil : m] k;
1
2. Fiwapy;yhj tPud; _______
.k
m) fl;lbghk;kd; M) M=;fpnyad;
,) kUJ <) eh.thdkhkiy [tpil : m]
3. fl;lbghk;kdpd; ehL _______
w
m) kJiu M) br+;rp
,) gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp <) ghisa=;nfhl;il [tpil : ,]
w
4. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; kzpfshy; mHF bra;ag;gl;l nkilfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk;

m) filfs; M) tPjpfs; ,) tPLfs; <) nrhiyfs; [tpil : ,]
5. ePh;epiyapd; xnu Jiwapy; epd;W ghy;nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fog;git _______
w
m) Fapy;/ kapy; M) ahid/ gR ,) gR/ g[yp <) Kay;/ eha; [tpil : ,]
7
6. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; jz;zPUf;Ff; Twg;gl;l ctik _______
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m) ghy; M) kzp ,) mKjk; <) re;jdk; [tpil : m]

7. fwe;J itj;j ghiyf; Fof;fhjJ
ps
m) fhfk; M) Fapy; ,) kapy; <) gR [tpil : m]
8. tPuk; kpFe;j ehL _______

m) kJiu M) br+;rp
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72 ` f=;fh `
al
9. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; ehl;od; tsj;ijf; Twp tpisahoaJ _______
m) fhfk; M) Fapy; ,) kapy; <) gR [tpil : ,]
ad
10. md;g[ tsUk; ehL _______
m) kJiu M) br+;rp
11. bghUj;Jf.
ik
1. thuzk; ? m) ghf;F
2. ghp ? M) mHF
3. rp=;fhuk; ? ,) Fjpiu
v
4. fKF ? <) ahid
j
m) 1?< 2?, 3?M 4? m
,) 1?M 2?, 3?m 4?<

al M) 1?, 2?< 3?m 4?M
<) 1?m 2? < 3?M 4?, [tpil : m]
.k
kp 1. `gh+;ir~ vd;w miHf;fg;gLk; ehL _______ tpil : gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp
H; 2. jkpH;ehl;oy; gy tifahd _______ ,yf;fpa=;fs; tH=;fp tUfpd;wd.

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tpil : ehl;Lg;g[w
3. fijg;ghly; vd;gJ _______ jGtpa ghly;. tpil : fij
4. `ghp tsUk; rhiy~ ? ,jpy; `ghp~ vd;gjd; bghUs; ______. tpil : Fjpiu
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5. `fKF~ vd;gjd; bghUs; _______. tpil : ghf;F

6. _______apy; kh=;Fapy; Tg;gpLkhk;. tpil : nrhiy
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7. KaYk; _______ tpul;Lk;. tpil : ehia

8. tue;jUgts; _______ tpil : rf;fkhnjtp
7
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FW tpdh
1. Fapy;fs; v=;F Tt[k; > kapy;fs; vg;go tpisahLk;>
Fapy;fs; nrhiyfspy; Tt[k;. kapy;fs; ehl;od; tsj;ijf; Twp tpisahLk
ps
2. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpf;F mHF nrh;g;gd vJ>

g[{+;nrhiyfSk; re;jdkur; nrhiyfSk; MWfSk; bey; tay;fSk; ghf;Fj;
njhg;g[fSk; gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpf;F mHF nrh;f;Fk;.
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3. fue;j ghiyf; fhfk; Fof;fhjjw;Ff; fhuzk; ahJ>
kd;dd; fl;lbghk;kd; bgaiur; brhd;dhy; fwe;J itj;j ghiyf; Tl fhfk;
Fof;fhJ.
ad
4. gR kw;Wk; g[ypapd; bray; ahJ>
gRt[k; g[ypa[k; ePh; epiyapd; xnu gf;fk; epd;W ghy; nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fof;Fk;.
5. vt;btw;Wf; bfy;yhk; gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpa;py; ,l=;fs; ,Ue;jd>
ik
1. ahidf; Tlk; 2. Fjpiuf; bfhl;oy;
3. njhuz=;fs; fl;lg;gl;l nkil 4. jhak; MLtjw;fhd ,lk;. g
6. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpa;py; tPuk; epiwe;j tpy=;Ffs; vit>
U
v
1. Kay; 2. gR
7. tPughz;oafl;lbghk;kd; fijg;ghlypy; Ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s t
mBwpiz caph;fs; ahit>
1. ahid
al
2. Fjpiu 3. Fapy;fs; 4. kapy;fs; 5. Kay; k;
1
6. ntl;il eha; 7. gR 8. g[yp 9. fhfk;.
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8. tPughz;oafl;lbghk;kd; fijg;ghlypy; Ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s
tpy=;Ffs; ahit>
1.ahid 2.Fjpiu 3.Kay; 4.ntl;il eha; 5.gR 6.g[yp
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9. tPughz;oaf l;lbghk;kd; fijg;ghlypy; Ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s

gwitfs; ahit>
1.Fapy;fs; 2.kapy;fs; 3.fhfk;
w
rpW tpdh:
1. ``rpy mjpra=;fs; brhy;fpd;nwd; nfSikah~~ ? gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp mjpra=;fs;
w
ahit>
1. tPuk; epiwe;j gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; cs;s KayhdJ jd;idg; gpof;ftUk;
7
ntl;il ehia vjph;j;J tpul;Lk;.
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2. gRt[k; g[ypa[k; ePh; epiyapd; xnu gf;fk; epd;W ghy; nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fof;Fk;.
3. kd;dd; fl;lbghk;kd; bgaiur; brhd;dhy; fwe;J itj;j ghiyf; Tl fhfk;
ps
Fof;fhJ.
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fw;git fw;wgpd;
c=;fs; tPl;oYs;s bghpnahhplk; ehl;Lg;g[wf; fijg;ghly;fisf; nfl;L te;J
ad
tFg;giwapy; gfph;f.
KLF
vl;Lj; jpira[k; gjpdhW nfhzKk;
fl;ona fhj;jtd; fl;lbghk;kd;
ik
Mj;JU thGk; mz;zh rha;g[
mz;zDk; jk;gpa[k; ty;ytdhk;
Fsj;J}h; thGk; Rg;igah
v
bfhs;is aog;gjpy; ty;ytdhk;
fpHf;nf vy;iyahk; fPHf;fiu
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nkf;f vy;iyahk; Nyf;fiu
Mapuk; fz;Qs;s khhpak;kh
Mjhpf;f ntQk; ,e;j neuk;
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kp vav
H; eifr;Ritg; g[jph;
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1. fLikahd kiH neuj;jpy; xUth; Filapd;wp ghijapy; ele;J brd;whh; . mthpd; jiyKo xd;W
Tl eidatpy;iy. fhuzk; vd;d>
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2. xU tpkhdk; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shfptpl;lJ/ jg;gpath;fis v=;F mlf;fk; bra;thh;fs;>

tpil gf;fk; ? 170
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vav
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,ay; ciueil njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; gRk;bghd;
3 cyfk; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth;
ad
ik
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; Kjd; Kjypy; ciuahw;wpa ,lk; _______
g
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m) J}j;Jf;Fo M) fhiuf;Fo
,) rhay;Fo <) kd;dhh;Fo [tpil : ,]
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2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; elj;jpa ,jHpd; bgah; _______
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3.
m) ,uh$h$p
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M) nejh$p ,) fhe;jp$p <) neU$p [tpil : M]
njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; vdg; gRk;bghd; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njtiug; ghuhl;oath; k;

1
_______
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m) ,uh$h$p M) bghpahh; ,) jpU.tp.f <) nejh$p [tpil : m]

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1. `fhl;od; tsj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPL~ vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; tpy=;F _______

tpil : g[yp
2. ahidf; Tl;lj;jpw;F xU _______ ahidjhd; jiyik jh=;Fk;.
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tpil : bgz;
3. fuofisj; njdPf;fsplkpUe;J fhg;gJ mjd;_______ tpil : mlh;e;j Kofs;
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FW tpdh
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njtiug; ghuhl;og; bghpahh; TwpaJ ahJ>
7
1. tPug;ngr;rhy; vj;jidnah jpahfpfisa[k; tpntfg; ngr;rhy; vj;jidnah
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mwpthspfis cz;lhf;fpath;.
2. cz;ikia kiwf;fhky; btspapLtjpy; jdpj;Jzpr;ry; bgw;wth;. Rj;jj; jpahfp.
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? vd;W Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njtiug;; bghpahh; ghuhl;oa[s;shh;.

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2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; ngr;Rf;F tha;g;g[{l;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; @yk; jiltpjpf;fg;glf;
fhuzk; ahJ>
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth;/ M=;fpy Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf kf;fsplk; bgUk; vGr;rp Vw;gLk;
ad
tifapy; tPu ciuahw;wpdhh;.
2. mtuJ ngr;irf; nfl;L kf;fs; M=;fpy Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf tPWbfhz;L vGe;jdh;.
3. ,jdhy;/ mtiug; gyKiw M=;fpy muR ifJ bra;jJ.
4. nkYk;/ tha;g;g[{l;Lr; rl;lk; Kyk; nkilfspy; murpay; ngrf; TlhJ vd;W
ik
mtUf;Fj; jiltpjpj;jJ.
3. Kj;Juhkyp=;fh; bgw;wpUe;j gy;Jiw Mw;wiyg; gw;wp vGJf.
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; jkpH;/ M=;fpyk; Mfpa ,U bkhHpfspy; brhw;bghHpt[
v
Mw;Wk; jpwd; bgw;wpUe;jhh;.
2. rpyk;gk;/ Fjpiu Vw;wk;/ Jg;ghf;fpr; RLjy;/ nrhjplk;/ kUj;Jtk; Mfpa gyJiw
j
rpW tpdh
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Mw;wy; cilatuhf tps=;fpdhh;.
1. nejh$pa[ld; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; bfhz;l bjhlh;g[g; gw;wp vGJf.

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kp - nejh$pa[ld; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; beU=;fpa bjhlh;g[ bfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;.
- mtiuj; jk; murpay; FUthf Vw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;.
H;
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- Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; miHg;ig Vw;W 06.9.1939y; nejh$p kJiuf;F tUif

je;jhh;.
- nejh$papd; ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; Kaw;rpahy;
Vuhskhd jkpHh;fs; ,ize;jdh;.
w
- tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd;dh; nejh$p vd;w bgahpy; thu ,jH; elj;jpdhh;

2. bjhHpyhsh; eyDf;fhf Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; bra;j bjhz;Lfs; ahit>
w
- 1938 fhyfl;lj;jpy; kJiuapy; 23 bjhHpyhsh; r=;f=;fspd; jiytuhfj; njth;

jpfH;e;jhh;.
7
- kJiuapy; ,Ue;j E}w;ghiy xd;wpy; ntiy bra;j bjhHpyhsh;fspd;
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chpikf;fhfj; njhHh; g.$Pthde;jj;Jld; ,ize;J 1938 Mk; Mz;L nghuhl;lk;

elj;jpdhh;. mjw;fhf VG khjk; rpiwj; jz;lid bgw;whh;.
- cHth;fspd; eyd; fhf;f ,uh$ghisaj;jpy; kpfg;bghpa mstpyhd khehL
ps
xd;iw elj;jpdhh;.
- bgz;bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kfg;ngW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; Toa tpLg;g[
ntz;Lk; vd;W nghuhodhh;.
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rpe;jid tpdh
rpwe;j jiytUf;Fhpa gz;g[fs;vit vd eP=;fs; fUJfpwPh;fs;>
ad
1. chpikf;fhfg; nghuhLjy; 2. kf;fs; eyk; fhj;jy;
3.bghJey thH;t[ 4. ngr;rhw;wy;
5. rhjp/ kj/ ,d/bkhHp Mfpad ghuhik 6. xGf;fk; fhj;jy;
7. gpwh;epiyapy; jd;id itj;Jg;ghh;j;jy; 8. kdpjneak;
ik
9. ehl;Lg;gw;W 10. jpahf czh;t[
? Mfpad rpwe;j jiytUf;Fhpa gz;g[fshf eh=;fs; fUJfpd;nwhk;.
g
TLjy; tpdh
U
v
t
1.
al
je;ijg; bghpahuhy; `Rj;jj; jpahfp~ vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;lth; _______
m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p k;
1
,) jpU.tp.f. <) fhe;jp$p [tpil : m]
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2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; gpwe;j Ch; _______
m) gRk;bghd; M) kJiu ,) nfhit <) brd;id [tpil : m]
w
3. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; bjhlf;ff; fy;tp gapd;w ,lk; _______

m) gRk;bghd; M) kJiu ,) ,uhkehjg[uk; <) fKjp [tpil : <]
4. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;j nghJ gutpa neha; _______

w
m) fhyuh M) gpnsf;
,) knyhpah <) k+;rs; fhkhiy [tpil : M]
w
5. tl,e;jpahtpy; tha;g;g[{l;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; go ifJ bra;ag;gl;l jiyth; _______

m) ghyf=;fhju jpyfh; M) fhe;jp$p
7
,) nejh$p <) jpU.tp.f [tpil : m]
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6. t=;fr; rp=;fk; vd;W nghw;wg;gLgth;

m) ghyf=;fhju jpyfh; M) fhe;jp$p
ps
,) nejh$p <) jpU.tp.f [tpil : ,]
7. nejh$p vd;Dk; thu ,jiH elj;jpath; _______

m) Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; M) nejh$p
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78 ` f=;fh `
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8. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Kjd; Kjypy; ciuahw;wpa ,lk; _______
m) rhay;Fo M) gRk;bghd; ,) ,uhkehjg[uk; <) t=;fk; [tpil : m]
ad
9. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; ngr;R tpLjiyg;nghUf;F cjt[k; vd;W Twpath; _______
m) ghyf=;fhju jpyfh; M) fhkuhrh;
,) nejh$p <) jpU.tp.f [tpil : M]
10. bjd;dhl;Lr; rp=;fk; vd;wiHf;fg;glf; Toath; _______
ik
11. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Kjd; Kjypy; rl;l kd;wj;njh;jypy; btw;wp bgw;w
v
Mz;L_______
m) 1947 M) 1937 ,) 1957 <) 1973 [tpil : M]
j _______
al
12. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Fw;wg;guk;giur; rl;l vjph;g;g[ khehl;il elj;jpa ,lk;
.k
m) fKjp M) gRk;bghd;
kp ,) rhay; Fo <) ,uhkehjg[uk; [tpil : m]
H; 13. Fw;wg;guk;giur; rl;lk; ePf;fg;gl;l Mz;L

w
m) 1948 M) 1984 ,) 1949 <) 1943 [tpil : m]
14. ghujkhjh Tl;Lwt[g; gz;lf rhiy Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l ,lk;

m) fKjp M) gRk;bghd;
w
,) rhay; Fo <) ,uhkehjg[uk; [tpil : m]
15. ghujkhjh Tl;Lwt[g; gz;lf rhiy Vw;gLj;jpath; _______

w

7 16. $kPd; tptrhapfs; r=;fk; Vw;gLj;jpath; _______

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17. cHth;fspd; eyd; fhf;f ,uh$ghisaj;jpy; kpfg;bghpa mstpyhd khehL xd;iw

elj;jpath; _______
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18. bgz;bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kfg;ngW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; Toa tpLg;g[ ntz;Lk;
vd;W nghuhoath; _______
ad

1. ,sikapy; md;idia ,He;J ,!;yhkpaj; jha; xUtuhy; ghY}l;o tsh;f;fg;gl;lth;
ik
2.
_______ tpil : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth;
Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; cah;epiyf; fy;tpiag; goj;j ,l=;fs; _______ /_______ g
tpil : kJiu/ ,uhkehjg[uk;
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3. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; ,sikapnyna _______ Mh;tk; kpFjp .
t
4. al
nejh$p kJiuf;F te;j Mz;L _______ .
tpil : murpay;
tpil : fp.gp.1939 k;
1
5. nejh$p bgahpy; thu ,jH; xd;iw elj;jpath; ______ tpil : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth;
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6. Kjd; Kjypy; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; ngrpa jiyg;g[ _______
tpil : tpntfhde;jh; bgUik
w
7. ,e;jpa murhy; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; jghy;jiy btspaplg;gl;l Mz;L_______

tpil : fp.gp.1995
8. M=;fpy Ml;rpapy; kf;fis xLf;Ftjw;fhfg; bfhz;L tug;gl;l rl;lk;_______
w
tpil : Fw;wg;guk;giur; rl;lk;.

9. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; _______ nfhtpy; EiHt[g; nghuhl;lk; elj;jj; jpl;lkpl;lhh;.
tpil : kJiu itj;jpaehj Iah;
w
FWtpdh
7
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; v=;F vg;nghJ gpwe;jhh;>
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Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; 30.10.1908 ,y; ,uhkehjg[uk; khtl;lj;jpy; gRk;bghd;

vd;w Chpy; gpwe;jhh;.
2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; bgw;nwhh; ahth;>
ps
je;ij : cf;fpu ghz;oaj;njth;/ jha; : ,e;jpuhzp mk;ikahh;.

3. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; gog;g[ ghjpapy; epd;w fhuzk; ahJ>
,uhkehjg[uj;jpy; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;j nghJ / mt;t[{hpy; `gpnsf;~ neha; gutpajhy;
mthpd; gog;g[ ghjpapy; epd;wJ.
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4. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; murpay; FU ahh;>
nejh$p Rgh&; re;jpu nghR.
5. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Fwpj;J @jwp+h; ,uh$h$p TwpaJ ahJ>
ad
Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; ngr;r cs;sj;jpy; ,Ue;J btsptUfpwJ .cjLfspy;
,Ue;J my;y. cs;sj;jhy; vjpYk; gw;ww;W cz;ikbadg; gl;lij kiwf;fhky;
mg;gona ngrptpLtJ/ mth; tHf;fk; vd;W Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; Fwpj;J @jwp+h;
,uh$h$p ghuhl;Lfpwhh;.
ik
6. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; ngr;R Fwpj;J tl ,e;jpa ,jH;fs; ghuhl;oa bra;jp ahJ>
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; mth; ngrpa M=;fpyj;jpy; ngrpa ngr;R bts;isah;fhyj;jpy;
tpl;ly; gha;/ ty;yggha; gl;nly; nghd;w nkijfs; ngrpa ngr;irg; nghy; ,Ue;jjhf
tl,e;jpa ,jH;fs; ghuhl;od.
v
7. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; rpwg;g[g;bgah;fs; ahit>
j 8.
1. njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky;
4. rd;khh;f;f rz;l khUjk; al 2. tpj;ah gh!;fh; 3. gputrd nfrhp
5. ,e;J g[j;jrka nkij
tptrhapfspd; njhHd; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; vd;gjw;fhd epfH;tpidf;Fwpg;gpLf.
.k
1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; `$kPd; tptrhapfs; r=;fk;~ Vw;gLj;jp tptrhapfs; Jd;gk;
kp nghf;fg; ghLgl;lhh;.
2. jkf;Fr; brhe;jkhd 32½ rpw;W}h;fspy; ,Ue;j tpis epy=;fisf; Fj;jif
H; ,y;yhky; cGgth;f;nf g=;fpl;Lf; bfhLj;jhh;.
w
9. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; rpiwitf;fg;gl;oUe;j ,l=;fs; ahit>

1. mypg;g[{h; 2. mkuhtjp 3. jhnkh 4. fy;fj;jh 5. brd;id 6. ntY}h;
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10. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; vg;nghJ kiwe;jhh;>

30.10.1963y; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth; kiwe;jhh;.
rpW tpdh
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1. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; ,sikf;fhyk; Fwpj;J vGJf.

gpwg;g[ :
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vd;w Chpy; gpwe;jhh;.

Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njthpd; bgw;nwhh; :
je;ij : cf;fpu ghz;oaj;njth; jha; :,e;jpuhzp mk;ikahh;. ,sikapy; md;idia
ps
,He;J ,!;yhkpaj; jha; xUtuhy; ghY}l;o tsh;f;fg;gl;lhh;.

gog;g[ ghjpapy; epd;w fhuzk; :
,uhkehjg[uj;jpy; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;j nghJ / mt;t[{hpy; `gpnsf;~ neha; gutpajhy;
mthpd; gog;g[ ghjpapy; epd;wJ.
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2. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njtUf;F muR bra;j rpwg;g[fs; ahit>
muR tpHh
gRk;bghd;dpy; cs;s Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; epidtplj;jpy; mth; njhd;wp kiwe;j
ad
mf;nlhgh; 30 Mk; ehs; jkpHf murpd; rhh;gpy; muR tpHh vLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
glk; kw;Wk; rpiy
- jkpHfr; rl;lkd;wj;jpy; mtuJ jpUt[Utg;glk; jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
- brd;idapy; muR rhh;ghfr; rpiy mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
- ehlhSkd;w tshfj;jpYk; rpiy itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ik
jghy;jiy
,e;jpa murhy; 1995y; ,thpd; jghy; jiy btspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. g
3. ghuj khjh Tl;Lwt[ gz;lf rhiyia epWtpath; ahh;>vjw;fhf epWtg;gl;lJ> U
v
epWtpath; :
t
epWtf;fhuzk; al
ghuj khjh Tl;Lwt[ gz;lf rhiyia epWtpath; : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njth;
fKjpapy; tpahghpfs; tptrha cw;gj;jpg; bghUs;fisf; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F

k;
th=;fpajhy; tptrhapfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldh;. tptrhapfspd; tpisbghUs;fSf;Fr;
1
.k
rhpahd tpiy fpilg;gjw;fhf ghuj khjh Tl;Lwt[ gz;lf rhiyia epWtpdhh;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;
w
ehl;Lf;F ciHj;j rpwe;j gpw jiyth;fs; gw;wpa gpw bra;jpfisj; jpul;o vGJf.
fhe;jpaofs;:
- mfpk;ir tHpapy; ehl;L tpLjiyf;Fg;ghLgl;lth;.
w
- bts;isand btspnaW ,af;fk; / cg;g[r; rj;jpahfpufk; /xj;JiHahik

,af;fk; /jPz;lhik xHpg;g[ /kJtpyf;F Kjypad
nejh$p :
w
,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;ij mikj;J M=;fpnyah;fis vjph;j;jth;.

t.c.rpjk;gudhh;
7
ek; ehl;ow;fhfr; Rnjrf; fg;gy; th=;fpath;. ehl;Lkf;fSf;fhf rpiwapy; brf;fpGj;jth;.
://
$t\h;yhy; neU
fhe;jpaofSld; ,ize;J ehl;L tpLjiyf;fhfg; ghLgl;lth;.
g{ypj;njtd;
ps
M=;fpnyaiu vjph;j;J jd;gFjpia btd;wth;.tpLjiyg; nghhpd; Kjy;

KHf;fkpl;lth;.
tPughz;oa fl;lbghk;kd;
M=;fpnyaUf;F thp bfhLf;fkhl;nlhk; vd;W M=;fpnyaiu vjph;j;jth;.
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.i
28
82 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay;
3 tphpthdk; fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh;
ad
,uh. gp. nrJ
- jkpHwp+h;/ vGj;jhsh;/ ngr;rhsh;/ tHf;Fiu+h;.
ik
- rpwg;g[ : brhy;ypd; bry;th;/ jkpHpd;gk; E}Yf;Fr;
rhfpj;a mfhbjkp tpUJ.
- gilg;g[fs; : Mw;w=;fiuapdpny/ flw;fiuapdpny/
v
jkpH; tpUe;J/ jkpHfk; CUk; ngUk;/
nkilg; ngr;R.
j 1.
al
t.c.rpjk;gudhhpd; ciuia thH;f;if tuyhwhfr; RUf;fp vGJf.
.k
kp
Kd;Diu
fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHd;/ brf;fpGj;j brk;ky; vd;bwy;yhk; nghw;wg;gLgth;
H; t.c.rpjk;gudhh; Mthh;. M=;fpnyaiu vjph;jJ; Rnjrp fg;gy; ,af;fpa bgUikf;Fhpath;

t.c.rpjk;gudhh;. mthpd; ciu tHp / mtuJ thH;fi ; f tuyhw;iwr; RUf;fkhff;
w
fhz;nghk;.
Rnjrf; fg;gy;
J}j;Jf;Foapy; bfhw;if JiwKfj;jpy; Kj;J thzpfj;jpy; ek;kth; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;.
w
fg;gy; tzpfj;jpy; jkpHh; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;. Mdhy; M=;fpnyah; Mjpf;fj;Jg; gpd;dh;/

fg;gy;fspy; M=;fpyf; bfho gwe;jJ. ek;kth; Typfshf mf;fg;gypy; ntiy
bra;jdh;.,e;epiyia khw;w ghz;oj;Jiuahiuj; jiytuhff; bfhz;L Rnjrf;
fg;gy; epWtdj;ij t.c.rpjk;gudhh; cUthf;fpdhh;.,f;fg;gy; Kjd; Kjypy;
w
bfhGk;g[ nehf;fpr; brd;wJ.

M=;fpnyahpd; mlf;FKiw
7
Rnjrf; fg;gy; tzpfk; tsuj; bjhl=;fpaJ. M=;fpyf; fg;gy; tzpfk; tPHj;
://
bjhl=;fpaJ. mjdhy; M=;fpnyah;fs; t.c.rpjk;gudhiua[k; mtuj ez;gh;fisa[k;

gaKWj;jpdh;. mjw;bfy;yhk; ftiyg;glhky; `te;nj khjuk;~ vd;w KHf;fj;ij
vGg;gpdhh;. ,jidf; nfl;l kf;fs; tpLjiyf;F Mjuthf Cf;fk; mile;jdh;.
M=;fpy muR t.c.rpjk;gudhiur; rpiwapy; milj;jJ.
ps
t.c.rpjk;gudhhpd; jpahfk;
t.c.rpjk;gudhh; nfhitr;rpiw/ fz;Q}h;r; rpiw Mfpatw;wpy; bfhLk;gzp
bra;jhh;.mth; cly; rypj;jJ/ cs;sk; jsutpy;iy. rpiwajpfhhp t.c.rpjk;gudhhplk;
mwpt[iu Tw ``cdf;Fk; cd; fth;dUf;Fk; kd;dDf;Fk; g[j;jp brhy;ntd;~~ vd;whh;.
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 83
al
rpiwapy; brf;fpGj;jhh;.rpiwapy; ifj;njhy; chpa fLk;gzp bra;jhh;.bre;jkpGk;
fd;dpj; jkpGk; fz;zPiug; nghf;fpaJ.
jkpH;g;gw;Wk; Vf;fKk;
ad
t.c.rpjk;gudhh; bjhy;fhg;gpak;/ ,d;dpiy fw;Wj; jd; Jd;g=;fis kwe;jhh;.
M=;fpyj;jpy; Myd; ,aw;wpa mwpt[ E}y;fspy; xd;iw `kdk; nghy; thH;t[~
vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jkpHpy; bkhHpbgah;j;jhh;. bka;awpt[/ bka;awk; Kjypa rpW E}
y;fisg; gilj;jhh;. rpiwthH;t[ Koe;J t.c.rpjk;gudhh; btspapy; te;j nghJ jd;
FHe;ijfisf; fz;L kfpH;e;jhh;. Mdhy; flw;fiuapy; jd; Mirf;FHe;ij Rnjrf;
ik
fg;giyf; fhzhky; tUj;jk; mile;jhh; vd;W ew;fhyk; tUnkh vd;W V=;fpdhh;.
Kot[iu g
``gaf; fhz;gJ Rje;jpu bts;sk;
U
v
t
gzpaf; fhz;gJ bts;isah; cs;sk;~~
vd;W ehk; ghLk; ehs; ve;ehnsh>
al
vd;W cUf;fkhfg; ngrp flw;fiuia tpl;L mfd;whh; t.c.rpjk;gudhh;.
TLjy; tpdh
k;
1
.k
1. brhy;ypd; bry;th; vd;W nghw;wg;gLgth;
m) mz;zh M) ,uh.gp. nrJ
w
,) t.c.rp <) ghz;oj;Jiuahh; [tpil : M]

2. jkpHpd;gk; vd;Dk; E}iy vGjpath;
w
m) mz;zh M) ,uh.gp. nrJ

,) t.c.rp <) ghz;oj;Jiuahh; [tpil : M]
3. ,uh.gp. nrJtpd; rhfpj;a mfhbjkp tpUJ bgw;w E}y;
w
m) jkpHpd;gk; M) Mw;w=;fiuapdpny
,) flw;fiuapdpny <) jkpH; tpUe;J [tpil : m]
4.
7
t.c.rpjk;gudhh; ngRtjhf mike;j ek; ghlg;gFjp ,uh.gp. nrJtpd; E}y;
://
,) flw;fiuapdpny <) jkpH; tpUe;J [tpil : ,]
ps
5. rhfpj;a mfhbjkp tpUJ bgw;w Kjy; E}y;

,) flw;fiuapdpny <) jkpH; tpUe;J [tpil : m]
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.i
48
84 ` f=;fh `
al
fw;giw fw;wgpd;
1. ghujpahh;/ bfhofhj;j Fkud; nghd;w tpLjiyg; nghuhl;l tPuh;fSs; xUtuhf
ad
c=;fisf; fw;gid bra;J bfhz;L tFg;giwapy; ciuahw;Wf.
ghujpahh;
tzf;fk;. ehd; jhd; c=;fs; KWf;F kPir ghujp ngRfpd;nwd;.khzth;fns eykh>
xUKiw vdf;Fg; gpoj;j gyfhuk; gw;wp xUth; nfl;lhh;. ehd; rw;Wk; ja=;fhky;
ik
KWf;F vd;nwd;. mJ Fwpj;j fhuzk; ,th; nfl;lhh;.KWf;F vd;Wr; brhy;Yk; nghJ
eho euk;g[fs; vy;yhk; KWf;nfwp bts;isah;fis moj;J behWf;f ntz;Lk;
vd;w czh;r;rp bgUf;nfw;gLfpd;wJ.mjdhy; ehd; KWf;if tPug;gyfhuk; vd;nw
miHf;fpd;nwd;.,g;nghJk; KWf;nfwp ,y+;rk;/ CHy; bra;gtiu mlf;f KWf;F
v
kPir Jof;fpd;wJ .rhp - neuk; Mfptpl;lJ ,w;bwhU ehs; tUfpd;bwd;.
j
al vav
tpLfijfs;
.k
kp
10. mhprp nghy; g{ g{f;Fk; .mk;kho vdr; brhy;Yk; fha;fha;f;Fk;. mJ vd;d>
11. fPnH tUk; Mdhy; nkny nghfhJ. mJ vd;d>
H; 12. mog;ghij ,Uf;Fk; fhy; ,Uf;fhJ. mJ vd;d>

w
13. iffs; ,Uf;Fk; . Mdhy; jl;l KoahJ. mJ vd;d>

14. fz; cz;L Mdhy; ghh;f;f KoahJ> mJ vd;d>
w
15. mo nky; moth=;fp/ midtiua[k; brhf;f itf;Fk;. mJ vd;d>

tpil gf;fk; : 204
w
vav
7
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ps
tt
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` f=;fh ` 85
al
,ay;
3 fw;fz;L tHf;F/ nghyp
ad
bghUj;Jf.
ik
g
tpdh tpil
1.ge;jh; ? Kjw;nghyp 1.ge;jh; ? filg;nghyp
2.ik+;R ? Kw;Wg;nghyp 2.ik+;R ? Kjw;nghyp
U
v
3.m+;R ? ,ilg;nghyp 3.m+;R ? Kw;Wg;nghyp
4.miuah; ? filg;nghyp 4.miuah; ? ,ilg;nghyp t
FW tpdh
1. tHf;F vd;why; vd;d>
al k;
1
.k
Kd;ndhh;fs; ve;bje;jr; brhw;fis vd;bdd;d bghUspy; gad;gLj;jpdhh;fnsh/
mr;brhw;fis mt;thnw gad;gLj;Jtij tHf;F vd;gh;.
2. jFjp tHf;F tiffs; ahit>
jFjp tHf;F @d;W tifg;gLk;.
w
* ,lf;fulf;fy; *k=;fyk; *FZcf;Fwp

3. thiHg;gHk; kpft[k; e+;R tpl;lJ. ,j;bjhlhpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s nghypr; brhy;iyf;
fz;lwpf. mjd; rhpahd brhy;iy vGJf.
w
,j;bjhlhpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s nghypr; brhy; : e+;R/ rhpahd brhy; : iee;J.

thiHg;gHk; kpft[k; e+;R tpl;lJ.
w
thiHg;gHk; kpft[k; iee;J tpl;lJ.
TLjy; tpdh
7
://

1. tHf;F
m) ,uz;L M) @d;W ,) ehd;D <) Ie;J [tpil : m]
ps
2. ,ay;g[ tHf;F _______ tifg;gLk;.

m) ,uz;L M) @d;W ,) ehd;D <) Ie;J [tpil : M]
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.i
68
86 ` f=;fh `
al
3. jFjp tHf;F _______ tifg;gLk;.
ad
4. Kd;gpd; bjhf;fg; nghyp vdf;Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ
m) ,yf;fzKilaJ M) ,yf;fzg;nghyp
,) kqc <) Kjw;nghyp [tpil : M]
5. g[wefh;/ fhy;tha;/ jir/ filf;fz; Mfpa rhd;Wfs; _______f;Fr; rhd;whFk;.
ik
,) kqc <) Kjw;nghyp [tpil : M]
6. ,yf;fz bewpapypUe;J gpwH;e;J/ rpije;J tH=;Fk; brhw;fs; _______
v
j
7.
,) kqc
al <) Kjw;nghyp
jFjpaw;w brhw;fisj; jFjpahd ntW brhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLtJ
m) ,ay;g[ tHf;F M) jFjp tHf;F
[tpil : ,]
.k
,) kqc <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : M]
kp 8. xU FGtpdh; xU bghUs; my;yJ braiyf; Fwpf;fj; jkf;Fs; gad;gLj;jpf;
H; bfhs;Sk; brhw;fs;
w
m) FZcf;Fwp M) k=;fyk;
,) ,lf;fulf;fy; <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : m]
9. bghd;idg; gwp vd;gh; ? ,J vt;tifj; jFjp tHf;fpw;Fr; rhd;W>
w
,) ,lf;fulf;fy; <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : m]
w
10. fhy; fGtp te;jhd;/ FHe;ij btspna ngha;tpl;lJ ? ,it vt;tifj; jFjp
tHf;fpw;Fr; rhd;Wfs;>
7
://
: ,] ,) ,lf;fulf;fy; <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp

12. RLfhl;il ed;fhL vd;gJ
ps
,) ,lf;fulf;fy; <) ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : M]
13. nghyp _______ tifg;gLk;.

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.i
` f=;fh ` 87
al
14. ,lf;fulf;fy; my;yhjJ_______
m) fhy; fGtp te;jhd; M) FHe;ij btspna ngha;tpl;lJ
,) xd;Wf;Fg; ngha; te;njd; <) RLfhl;il ed;fhL [tpil : <]
ad
15. bghUj;Jf.
1. xd;Wf;Fg; ngha; te;njd; ? m) k=;fyk;
2. fWg;g[ ML vd;gij bts;shL vd;gJ ? M) ,lf;fulf;fy;
ik
3. bghd;idg; gwp vd;gJ
4. j+;rht{iuj; j=;ir vd;gJ
? ,) kqc
? <) FZcf;Fwp g
m) 1? M 2?m 3? < 4?, M) 1?< 2? m 3?M 4? ,
U
v
,) 1?M 2?m 3? , 4?< <) 1?m 2?, 3?M 4? < [tpil : m]
t
m) fhy;tha;
M) ik+;R
al
? ,yf;fzg;nghyp
? Kjw;nghyp
k;
1
.k
,) ,y+rp ? ,ilg;nghyp
<) Kfd; ? Kw;Wg;nghyp [tpil : <]

w
m) FHe;ij btspna ngha;tpl;lJ ? ,lf;fulf;fy;

M) brj;jhiuj; J+rpdhh; vdy; ?k=;fyk;
w
,) Miliaf; fhiu vdy; ?kqc

<) jir ? ,yf;fzg;nghyp [tpil : ,]
FWtpdh
w
1. tHf;F vj;jid tifg;gLk; > mit ahit>
7
tHf;F ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:
://
* ,ay;g[ tHf;F * jFjp tHf;F

2. ,ay;g[ tHf;F vd;why; vd;d>
xU bghUis mjw;nf chpa ,ay;ghd brhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLtJ ,ay;g[ tHf;F
ps
MFk;.
3. ,ay;g[ tHf;F vj;jid tifg;gLk;>mit ahit>
,ay;g[ tHf;F @d;W tifg;gLk;. mitahtd :
* ,yf;fzKilaJ * ,yf;fzg;nghyp * kqc
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.i
88
88 ` f=;fh `
al
4. ,yf;fzg;nghyp vd;why; vd;d>
,yf;fz Kiwg;go mikahtpl;lhYk; /,yf;fzKilaijg; nghy
Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gLk; brhw;fs; ,yf;fzg;nghyp vdg;gLk;.
ad
5. ,yf;fzg;nghypf;Fr; rhd;Wfs; jUf.
*g[wefh; *fhy;tha; *jir *filf;fz;
6. j+;ir / bey;iy Mfpa brhw;fs; vt;tif tHf;Fr; brhw;fs; vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl;L
tpsf;Ff.
ik
j+;ir/ bey;iy Mfpa brhw;fs; ,ay;g[ tHf;Fr; brhw;fspy; kqcr; brhy;yhFk;.
,yf;fz bewpapypUe;J gpwH;e;J/ rpije;J tH=;Fk; brhw;fs; kqc vdg;gLk;.
j+;rht[{iuj; `j+;ir~ vd;Wk;/ jpUbey;ntypia `bey;iy~ vd;gJk; kqcr;
brhw;fshFk;.
v
7. jFjp tHf;F vd;why; vd;d>
j 8.
al
VnjDk; xU fhuzj;jpdhy; gpwhplk; brhy;yj; jFjpaw;w brhw;fisj; jFjpahd
ntW brhw;fshy; Fwpg;gpLtJ jFjp tHf;F MFk;.
jFjp tHf;F vj;jid tifg;gLk; > mitahit>
jFjp tHf;F @d;W tifg;gLk;. mitahtd :
.k
kp * ,lf;fulf;fy; * k=;fyk; * FZcf; Fwp
H;
9. ,lf;fulf;fy; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
w
gpwhplk; btspg;gilahfr; brhy;yj;jfhj brhw;fisj; jFjpa[ila ntW

brhy;yhy; Fwpg;gpLtJ ,lf;fulf;fy; MFk;.
rhd;W : fhy; fGtp te;jhd;.
w
FHe;ij btspna ngha;tpl;lJ.

10. k=;fyk; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
k=;fyk; ,y;yhj brhw;fis k=;fykhd ntW brhy;yhy; Fwpg;gpLtJ k=;fyk;
w
MFk;.
rhd;W : Xiy ? jpUKfk;
fWg;g[ ML ? bts;shL
7
://
RLfhL ? ed;fhL
11. FZcf;Fwp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
xU FGtpdh; xU bghUs; my;yJ braiyf; Fwpf;fj; jkf;Fs; gad;gLj;jpf;
ps
bfhs;Sk; rhw;fs; FZcf;Fwp vdg;gLk;.

rhd;W : bghd;idg; gwp vd;gh; (bghw;bfhy;yh; gad;gLj;JtJ)
Miliaf; fhiu vd;gh; (ahidg;ghfh; gad;gLj;jtJ)
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.i
` f=;fh ` 89
al
12. nghyp vd;why; vd;d>
Xh; vGj;J epw;fntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ntW xh; vGj;J te;J epd;W mnj bghUs;
khwhJ tUtJ nghyp vdg;gLk;.
ad
13. nghyp vj;jid tifg;gLk; > mit ahit>
nghyp @d;W tifg;gLk;. mitahtd :
* Kjw;nghyp * ,ilg;nghyp * filg;nghyp
ik
14. Kjw;nghyp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
brhy;ypd; Kjypy; Xh; vGj;J epw;fntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ntW xh; vGj;J te;J epd;W g
mnj bghUs; khwhJ tUtJKjw;nghyp vdg;gLk;.
U
v
t
rhd;W : gry; ? igry; / k+;R ? ik+;R/ kay; ? ikay;
15. ,ilg;nghyp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
al
brhy;ypd; ,ilapy; Xh; vGj;J epw;fntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ntW xh; vGj;J te;J
epd;W mnj bghUs; khwhJ tUtJ ,ilg;;nghyp vdg;gLk;.
k;
rhd;W : mkr;R ?mikr;R/ ,y+;rp ? ,iy+;rp/ murh; ? miurh;
1
.k
16. filg;nghyp (,Wjpg;nghyp) vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
brhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; Xh; vGj;J epw;fntz;oa ,lj;jpy; ntW xh; vGj;J te;J
w
epd;W mnj bghUs; khwhJ tUtJ filg;nghyp(,Wjpg;nghyp) vdg;gLk;.

rhd;W : mfk; ? mfd;/ Kfk; ? Kfd;/ ge;jy; ? ge;jh;
17. Kw;Wg;nghyp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
w
xU brhy;ypy; ,ay;ghf mike;j vGj;JfSf;Fg; gjpyhf vGj;Jfs; midj;Jk;

ntWgl;lhYk; bghUs; khwhky; ,Ug;gJ Kw;Wg;nghyp MFk;.
rhd;W : Ie;J ? m+;R
w
7
://
ps
tt
www.tnpscjob.com
.i
09
90 ` f=;fh `
al
fw;giw fw;wgpd;
1. @tifg; nghypfspYk; ve;bje;j vGj;Jfs; ve;bje;j vGj;Jfshf khWfpd;wd
ad
vd;gij mwpe;J vGJf.
nghyp tif rhd;W rhpahd vGj;J nghypahd vGj;J
gry; ? igry; g ig
Kjw;nghyp k+;R ? ik+;R k ik
ik
kay; ? ikay; k ik
mkr;R ? mikr;R k ik
,ilg;nghyp ,y+;rp ? ,iy+;rp y iy
v
muah; ? miuah; u iu
mfk; ? mfd; k; d;
j
filg;nghyp
al
epyk; ? epyd;
ge;jy; ? ge;jh;
k;
y;
d;
h;
.k
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
kp fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;g[fSs; xd;W gw;wp ,uz;L epkpl=;fs; ngRf.
H; 1. njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth;

w
tzf;fk;. njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky;Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; gw;wp rpy epkp;l=;fs;

ngRfpd;nwd;.nfS=;fs;. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth;/ M=;fpy Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf
kf;fsplk; bgUk; vGr;rp Vw;gLk; tifapy; tPu ciuahw;wpdhh;. mtuJ ngr;irf;
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nfl;L kf;fs; M=;fpy Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf tPWbfhz;L vGe;jdh;. ,jdhy; /mtiug;

gyKiw M=;fpy muR ifJ bra;jJ.nkYk;/ tha;g[{l;Lr; rl;lk; Kyk; nkilfspy;
murpay; ngrf;TlhJ vd;W mtUf;Fj; jiltpjpj;jJ. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; jkpH;
/ M=;fpyk; Mfpa ,U bkhHpfspy; brhw;bghHpt[ Mw;Wk; jpwd; bgw;wpUe;jhh;.
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rpyk;gk; / Fjpiu Vw;wk; / Jg;ghf;fpr; RLjy;/ nrhjplk; / kUj;Jtk; Mfpa gyJiw

Mw;wy; cilatuhf tps=;fpdhh;.nejh$pa[ld; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; beU=;fpa
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bjhlh;g[ bfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;/mtiuj; jk; murpay; FUthf Vw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;.
Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; miHg;ig Vw;W 06.9.1939y; nejh$p kJiuf;F tUif
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je;jhh;. nejh$papd; ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njthpd; Kaw;rpahy;

Vuhskhd jkpHh;fs; ,ize;jdh;. tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd;dh; nejh$p vd;w bgahpy;
thu ,jH; elj;jpdhh;1938 fhyfl;lj;jpy; kJiuapy; 23 bjhHpyhsh; r=;f=;fspd;
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jiytuhfj; njth; jpfH;e;jhh;.kJiuapy; ,Ue;j E}w;ghiy xd;wpy; ntiy bra;j

bjhHpyhsh;fspd; chpikf;fhfj; njhHh; g.$Pthde;jj;Jld; ,ize;J 1938 Mk;
Mz;L nghuhl;lk; elj;jpdhh;. mjw;fhf VG khjk; rpiwj; jz;liz bgw;whh;.
cHth;fspd; eyd; fhf;f ,uh$ghisaj;jpy; kpfg;bghpa mstpyhd khehL xd;iw
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` f=;fh ` 91
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elj;jpdhh;.bgz;bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kfg;ngW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; Toa tpLg;g[
ntz;Lk; vd;W nghuhodhh;. njrpak; fhj;j brk;ky; : Kj;Juhkyp=;fj;njth; nghy
ciHg;nghk;. cah;nthk;. ed;wp.
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2. fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh; : t.c.rpjk;gudhhh;.
tzf;fk;. fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh; t.c.rpjk;gudhhh;. gw;wp rpy epkp;l=;fs;
ngRfpd;nwd;.nfS=;fs;.fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHd;/ brf;fpGj;j brk;ky; vd;bwy;yhk;
nghw;wg;gLgth; t.c.rpjk;gudhh; Mthh;.M=;fpnyaiu vjph;j;J Rnjrp fg;gy; ,af;fpa
bgUikf;Fhpath; t.c.rpjk;gudhh;. J}j;Jf;Foapy; bfhw;if JiwKfj;jpy; Kj;J
ik
thzpfj;jpy; ek;kth; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;.fg;gy; tzpfj;jpy; jkpHh; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;. Mdhy;
M=;fpnyah; Mjpf;fj;Jg; gpd;dh;/ fg;gy;fspy; M=;fpyf; bfho gwe;jJ. ek;kth; g
Typfshf mf;fg;gypy; ntiy bra;jdh;.,e;epiyia khw;w ghz;oj;Jiuahiuj;
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jiytuhff; bfhz;L Rnjrf; fg;gy; epWtdj;ij t.c.rpjk;gudhh;
cUthf;fpdhh;.,f;fg;gy; Kjd; Kjypy; bfhGk;g[ nehf;fpr; brd;wJ. Rnjrf; fg;gy;
tzpfk; tsuj; bjhl=;fpaJ. M=;fpyf; fg;gy; tzpfk; tPHj;bjhl=;fpaJ. mjdhy; t
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M=;fpnyah;fs; t.c.rpjk;gudhiua[k; mtuj ez;gh;fisa[k; gaKWj;jpdh;.
mjw;bfy;yhk; ftiyg;glhky; `te;nj khjuk;~ vd;w KHf;fj;ij vGg;gpdhh;.,jidf;
nfl;l kf;fs; tpLjiyf;F Mjuthf Cf;fk; mile;jdh;.M=;fpy muR
k;
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t.c.rpjk;gudhiur; rpiwapy; milj;jJ. t.c.rpjk;gudhh; nfhitr;rpiw/
fz;Q}h;r; rpiw Mfpatw;wpy; bfhLk;gzp bra;jhh;.mth; cly; rypj;jJ/ cs;sk;
jsutpy;iy. rpiwajpfhhp t.c.rpjk;gudhhplk; mwpt[iu Tw `cdf;Fk; cd;
fth;dUf;Fk; kd;dDf;Fk; g[j;jp brhy;ntd; vd;whh;.rpiwapy; brf;fpGj;jhh;.rpiwapy;
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ifj;njhy; chpa fLk;gzp bra;jhh;.bre;jkpGk; fd;dpj; jkpGk; fz;zPiug;

nghf;fpaJ.mtiug;nghy ehl;Lf;fhf ciHg;nghk; vd;W brhy;yp vd;Diuia
epiwt[ bra;fpd;nwd;.ed;wp.
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vGtha; gadpiy brag;gLbghUs;
xU bjhlhpy; ahh;> xU bjhlhpy; tpid/ ahiu > vij> vtw;iw>
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vJ> vit> vd;Dk; tpdh/ bgah; Mfpatw;Ws; vd;w tpdhf;fSf;F

tpdhf;fSf;F tpilahf VnjDk; xd;W bfhz;L tpilahf miktJ
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miktJ vGtha; MFk;. Koj;J itg;gJ gadpiy brag;gL bghUs; MFk;.
MFk;.
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rhd;W: rhd;W: rhd;W:

ePyd; ghlj;ijg; fhpfhyd; fy;yiziaf; ehd; ftpijiag;
goj;jhd;. fl;odhd;. goj;njd;.
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ghhp ahh;> fhpfhyd; ahh;> vd; g[j;jfj;ij vLj;jJ

g[yp xU tpy=;F fhpfhyd; xU kd;dd;. ahh;>
bey;ypd; fdpiaj;
je;jth; mjpakhd;.
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29
92 ` f=;fh `
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gpd;tUk; bjhlh;fis vGtha;/ gadpiy/ brag;gLbghUs; vdg; gphpf;f.
1. tPuh;fs; ehl;ilf; fhj;jdh;.
2. bghJkf;fs; me;epaj; Jzpfisj; jPapl;L vhpj;jdh;.
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3. bfhw;ifj; JiwKfj;jpny ghz;oaDila kPdf; bfho gwe;jJ.
4. jpUf;Fwis vGjpath; ahh;>
5. fgpyh; Fwp+;rpg;ghl;il vGjpa g[yth;.
vGtha; gadpiy brag;gLbghUs;
ik
tPuh;fs; fhj;jdh; ehl;ilf;
bghJkf;fs; jPapl;L vhpj;jdh; me;epaj; Jzpfisj;
v
ghz;oaDila kPdf;bfho gwe;jJ bfhw;ifj; JiwKfj;jpny
jpUf;Fwis ahh;> vGjpath;
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fgpyh;
vGJf.
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Fwp+;rpg;ghl;il vGjpa g[yth;
vGtha;/ gadpiy/ brag;gLbghUs; Mfpa @d;Wk; mika[k;go Ie;J bjhlh;fis
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kp
1. fz;zd; ghlk; goj;jhd;.
2. nkhp Xtpak; tiue;jhs;.
H; 3. ehd; ftpij vGjpndd;.

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4. tpij tpUl;rkhf tsh;e;jJ.

5. Mrphpah; bra;a[isf; fw;gpj;jhh;.
fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf.
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ehd; tpUk;g[k; jiyth; ? bghpahh;

Kd;Diu :
Vd;/ vg;go/ vjw;F> vd;w tpdhf;fs; vGg;gp> mwptpd; tHpna rpe;jpj;J
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KobtLg;gnj gFj;jwpt[ MFk;. mjd; je;ij bghpahh;. btz;jho nte;jh;>

gFj;jwpt[ gfytd;> itf;fk; tPuu;> <nuhl;Lr; rp=;fk; vd;bwy;yhk; miHf;fg;gl;l
7 bghpahiu ehd; tpUk;g[k; jiyth; Mthh;.

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,sik :
<nuhL efhpy; 1879y; bghpahh; gpwe;jhh;. bjhlf;ff; fy;tpa[ld; jk; gog;ig epWj;jpf;
bfhz;L jk; je;ijapd; tzpfj; bjhHpypy; jk;ik <LgLj;jpf; bfhz;lhh;.
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itf;fk; tPuh; :
nfusj;jpy; itf;fk; vd;Dk; Chpy; jiy tphpj;jhoa jPz;lhikf; bfhLikia
xHpf;fg; nghuhl;lk; elj;jp btw;wp fz;lhh;. mjdhy; itf;fk; tPuh; vd;W
miHf;fg;gl;lhh;.
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` f=;fh ` 93
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Rakhpahij ,af;fk; :
bghpahh; fh=;;fpurpypUe;J tpyfp 1925y; Rakhpahij ,af;fk; bjhl=;fpdhh;.
,e;j ,af;fj;jpd; thapyhf rhjp Vw;wj;jhH;t[ nghf;Fjy;> jPz;lhik xHpj;jy;> @
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lek;gpf;if xHpj;jy;> bgz;Qhpik epiyehl;Ljy; MFk;.
bghpahh; rPuikj;j vGj;Jfs; :
Ì~ vd;gij `ma;~ vdt[k;> `xs~ vd;gij `mt;~ vdt[k; rPuikj;jhh;. ,tw;Wf;fhd
khw;W thptotj;ija[k; bfhz;L te;jhh;.
ik
bgz;Qhpik nghw;wpath; :
bgz;Qhpik/ bgz; fy;tp/ brhj;Jhpik/ muRg;gzp/ kWkzk; Mfpatw;wpw;fhfg; g
bghpahh; nghuhodhh;. bgz;fs; khehLfs; gy elj;jp bgz;fis tpHpg;gilar;
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bra;jhh;. 13.11.1938 brd;idapy; ele;j bgz;fs; khehl;oy; <.nt.uht[f;Fg;
bghpahh; gl;lk; bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
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ftuf; fhuzk; :
al
- rpf;fdk; kw;Wk; vspikahd thH;if.
- Rakhpahij nghw;wy;.
k;
1
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- bgz;Qhpik ngRjy;.
- rhjp/ kj Vw;wj;jhH;t[fisf; fisjy;.
- fy;tpapy; g[ul;rp
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? Mfpa fhuz=;fshy; bghpahiu tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.

Kot[iu :
bjhz;L bra;J gGj;j gHkhd bghpahiug; nghw;Wnthk;. mthpd; tHp elg;nghk;.
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bkhHpnahL tpisahL
,ilr;brhy; `F~ nrh;j;J vGJf.

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(v.fh.) : tPL brd;whd; ? tPL+F+brd;whd;. ? tPl;Lf;Fr; brd;whd;.
7
1. khL g[y; bfhLj;jhh; ? khL+F+g[y; bfhLj;jhh;. ? khl;Lf;Fg; g[y; bfhLj;jhh;.
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2. ghl;L bghUs; vGJ ? ghl;L+F+bghUs; vGJ. ? ghl;Lf;Fg; bghUs; vGJ.

3. bro gha;e;j ePh; ? bro+F+gha;e;j ePh; ? brof;Fg; gha;e;j ePh;
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4. Ky;iy njh; je;jhd; ghhp ? Ky;iy+F+njh; je;jhd; ghhp. ? Ky;iyf;Fj; njh; je;jhd; ghhp.
5. Rth; rhe;J g{rpdhs;. ?Rth;+F+rhe;J g{rpdhs;. ?RtUf;Fr; rhe;J g{rpdhs;.
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49
94 ` f=;fh `
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,uz;L brhw;fis ,izj;Jg; g[jpa brhw;fis vGJf.
fz; fz;zHF fz;Qz;L
kz; kz;zHF kz;Qz;L
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mHF cz;L
tpz; tpz;zHF tpz;Qz;L
gz; gz;zHF gz;Qz;L
mfk; vd Koa[k; brhw;fis vGJf.
ik
1. E}yfk; 2. Fwsfk; 3. efyfk;
4. mr;rfk; 5. JiwKfk; 6. jkpHfk;
nfhol;l ,l=;fisj; jkpH; vz; bfhz;L epug;g[f.
v
1. jpUf;Fws; ௩ ghy;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
2. vdJ taJ ff
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3. ehd; gof;Fk; tFg;g[ v
4. jkpH; ,yf;fzk; U tifg;gLk;.
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5. jpUf;Fwspy; f௩௩ mjpfhu=;fs; cs;sd.
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kp 6. ,e;jpah f௯௪v Mk; Mz;L tpLjiy bgw;wJ.
H; Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L jiyth;fspd; bgah;fisf; fl;l=;fspypUe;J fz;Lgpoj;J

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vGJf.
jp U g; g{ h; F k u d;
U jh fh d; f f; f eh iy
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t e; k ah u; L l; f k
s; $p uh $h ah u; l k; d
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sp $h r u jp ah bgh ik d;
a uh u; dh u g k; j rp
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1. @jwp+h; ? ,uh$h$p
2. tPuk=;if ? ntYehr;rpahh;
3. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rp tPud; ? fl;lbghk;kd;
4. bts;isaiu vjph;j;td; ? rpd;dkiy
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` f=;fh ` 95
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5. bfhofhj;jth; ? jpUg;g{h; Fkud;
6. vspikapd; ,yf;fzk; ? ff;fd;
7. jpy;iyaoapd; bgUik ? ts;spak;ik
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8. fg;gnyhl;oa jkpHh; ? rpjk;gudhh;
9. ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd; ? ghujpahhh;
10. tpUJg;gl;o tPuh; ? fhkuhrh;
11. fs;Sf;fil kwpay; bgz;kzp ? ehfk;ik
ik
12. kzpahl;rpapd; jpahfp ? th+;rp ehjd;
g
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk; U
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1. fijg;ghly; ? Ballad 5. ngr;rhw;wy; ? Elocution
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2. Jzpt[
3. jpahfk;
? courage
al
? sacrifice
6. xw;Wik
7. KHf;fk;
? Unity
? Slogan k;
1
4. murpay; nkij ? Political Genius 8. rkj;Jtk; ? Equality
.k
vav
tpLfijfs;
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16. mr;R ,y;yhj rf;fuk; / mHF fhl;Lk; rf;fuk;. mJ vd;d>
17. xw;iwf; fhy; kdpjDf;F xd;gJ if. mJ vd;d>

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18. moj;jjy; tpyfhJ / mizj;jhy; epw;fhJ. mJ vd;d>
19. te;Jk; bfLf;Fk; / tuhkYk; bfLf;Fk;. mJ vd;d>

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20. g{kpapny gpwf;Fk; g[ifaha; nghFk;. mJ vd;d>
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tpil gf;fk; : 204
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69
96 ` f=;fh `
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khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
,ay; ? @d;W
ad

1. àhz;L~ vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs; ????????
ik
m) vdJ M) v=;F ,) vt;tst[ <) vJ
2. bghUj;Jf.
1. thuzk; ? m) ghf;F
2. ghp ? M) mHF
v
3. rp=;fhuk; ?,) Fjpiu
4. fKF ? <) ahid
j 3.
m) 1?< 2?, 3?M 4? m
,) 1?M 2?, 3?m 4?<
al M) 1?, 2?< 3?m 4?M
<) 1?m 2? < 3?M 4?,
bgz;bjhHpyhsh;fSf;F kfg;ngW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; Toa tpLg;g[
.k
kp ntz;Lk; vd;W nghuhoath ????????
H; ,) jpU.tp.f. <) fhe;jp$p

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m) fhy;tha; ? ,yf;fzg;nghyp
M) ik+;R ? Kjw;nghyp
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,) ,y+;rp ?,ilg;nghyp
<) Kfd; ? Kw;Wg;nghyp
II. FWtpil jUf. 3x2=6
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5. jk; tapw;Wf;Fj; jha; vjid ctikahff; TWfpwhh;>

6. tPughz;oafl;lbghk;kd; fijg;ghlypy; Ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s
7
mBwpiz caph;fs; ahit>
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7. Kj;Juhkyp=;fh; bgw;wpUe;j gy;Jiw Mw;wiyg; gw;wp vGJf.

8. jk; kfd; Fwpj;Jj; jha; Twpa bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
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9. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njtUf;F muR bra;j rpwg;g[fs; ahit>

IV. tphpthd tpilaspf;f. 1x4=4
10. t.c.rpjk;gudhhpd; ciuia thH;f;if tuyhwhfr; RUf;fp vGJf.
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` f=;fh ` 97
al
khjphp tpdhj;jhs; ? bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL
gUtk; ? 1
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fhyk; : 2.00 kzp kjpg;bgz; : 60
I. midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f. 14 x 1 = 14

m. bghUs; vGJf.
ik
g
1. tpujk; 2. fKF
M) gphpj;J vGJf.
3. g{l;L=;fjt[fs; 4. ahz;Lsndh
U
v
,) nrh;j;J vGJf
5. fy; + mis 6. thry; + my=;fhuk;
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<) nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f.
al
7. fuofisj; njdpaplkpUe;J fhg;ghw;WtJ mjd; ????????
8. bkhHpf;F Kjypy; kl;Lnk tUk; FWf;fk; ?????????
k;
1
.k
9. ahz;L vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; ????????
10. brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; kl;Lnk tUk; FWf;fk; ?????????
11. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; ehia tpul;oaJ ????????
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c) bghUj;Jf
12. bghf;fp&k; ? mHF
13. tp!;jhuk; ?bry;tk;
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14. rp=;fhuk; ? bgUk;gug;g[

? kpFjp
II. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSs; vitnaDk; MwDf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f. 6 x 2 = 12
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15. fhe;jpaf; ftp+h; vd;wiHf;fg;glf; Toath; ahh;> Vd;>

16. fhl;od; gad;fshf; ftp+h; Rujh TWtd ahit>
17.
7
thGk; bewp ahJ>
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18. jk; tapw;Wf;Fj; jha; vjid ctikahff; TWfpd;whs;>

19. gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapd; ,aw;if tsk; vj;jiaJ>
20. ngr;RbkhHp vd;why; vd;d>
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21. ,ul;il tHf;F bkhHp vd;W vjidf; TWth;>

22. fuo midj;Jz;zp vd miHf;fg;gLtJ Vd;>
23. ghuj khjh Tl;Lwt[ gz;lfrhiyia epWtpath; ahh;>
24. Kj;Juhkyp=;fj; njtiug; ghuhl;og; bghpahh; TWtd ahit>
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89
98 ` f=;fh `
al
III.mogpwHhky; vGJf. 3+2=5
25. ``gr;ir...~~ vdj; bjhl=;fp / ...Tt[ko~~ vd;gJ tiua[s;s Rujhtpd; ftpijg;ghly;.
26. tha;ik vdj; bjhl=;Fk; Fwl;ghit vGJf.
ad
IV. vitnaDk; @d;wDf;Fr; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f. 3x2=6
27. KjbyGj;Jfs; ahit>
28. rhh;bgGj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;>
29. Fw;wpaypfuk; vd;why; vd;d>
ik
30. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d>
31. jFjp tHf;fpd; tiffs; ahit>
V. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;Fg; gj;J thpfspy; tpilaspf;f. 2 x 5 = 10
v
32. m) ehty; ku epidt[fshff; ftp+h; TWtd ahit>
(my;yJ)
j
al
M) gh+;rhy=;Fwpr;rpapy; tPuj;Jf;Fr; rhd;whFk; epfH;t[fs; gw;wp vGJf.
33. m) fhLfis mHpg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; tpist[fisg; gl;oaypLf.
(my;yJ)
.k
kp V.
M) rpwe;j jiytUf;Fhpa gz;g[fs; vit vd eP=;fs; fUJfpwPh;fs;>
fPHf
; f
; hQk; tpdhf;fSf;F xU gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f. (,uz;L kl;Lk;) 2 x 5 = 10
H; 34. ePtph; fz;L fspj;j ,lk; Fwpj;J ez;gDf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
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35. t.c.rpjk;gudhhpd; ciuia thH;f;if tuyhwhfr; RUf;fp vGJf.

36. ehd; tpUk;g[k; jiyth; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu tiuf.
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VI. tl;lj;jpYs;s vGj;Jf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; brhw;fis cUthf;Ff. 1x3=3

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001
100 ` f=;fh `
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,ay; ftpijg;
1 fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;
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ngiH
kdg;ghlg; ghly;
thdk; Cd;wpa kjiy nghy
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Vzp rhj;jpa Vw;wU+; brd;dp
tpz;bghu epte;j ntah khlj;J
,utpy; khl;oa ,y=;FRlh; b+fpHp
cut[ePh; mGtj;J XLfyk; fiua[k;
v
Jiw....
E}y; : bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil
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Mrphpah; : foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh;
foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh;:
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kp - r=;ffhyg; g[yth;
- foaY}hpy; thH;e;jth;.
H; - gj;Jg;ghl;oy; cs;s bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil kw;Wk;

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gl;odg;ghiy Mfpa E}y;fis ,aw;wpa[s;shh;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
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1. kjiy ? J}z; 2. befpHp ? jPr;Rlh; 3. mGtk; ?fly;

4. brd;dp ? cr;rp 5. cut[ePh; ? bgU ePh;g;gug;g[ 6. fiua[k; ? miHf;Fk;
7. ntah khlk; ? itf;nfhy; nghd;wtw;why; ntag;glhJ/ jpz;ikahf (typikahf)
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rhe;J g{rg;gl;l khlk;.
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1. ntah khlk; vdg;gLtJ ______.
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m) itf;nfhyhy; ntag;gLtJ M) rhe;jpdhy; g{rg;gLtJ

,) Xiyahy; ntag;gLtJ <) Jzpahy; @lg;gLtJ [tpil : M]
2. cut[ePh; mGtk; ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs;

m) fhw;W M) thdk; ,) fly; <) kiy [tpil : ,]
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` f=;fh ` 101
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3. flypy; Jiw mwpahky; fy=;Ftd _______.
m) kPd;fs; M) kuf;fy=;fs; ,) J}z;fs; <) khl=;fs; [tpil : M]
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4. J}z; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; _______.
m) b+fpHp M) brd;dp ,) Vzp <) kjiy [tpil : <]
FW tpdh
1. kuf;fy=;fisj; Jiw nehf;fp miHg;gJ vJ>
ik
2.
kuf;fy=;fisj; Jiw nehf;fp miHg;gJ : fy=;fiu tpsf;fpd; xsp.
fy=;fiu tpsf;fpy; ve;neuj;jpy; tpsf;F Vw;wg;gLk;>
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fy=;fiu tpsf;fpy; ,ut[neuj;jpy; tpsf;F Vw;wg;gLk;. U
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rpW tpdh
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1.
al
fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; gw;wpg; bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil TWk; fUj;Jfs; ahit>
- fy=;fiu tpsf;fkhdJ thdk; fPnH tpHhky; jh=;fpf;bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; J}z;
nghyj; njhw;wk; mspf;fpd;wJ.
k;
2
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- mJ Vzp bfhz;L VwKoahj mst[f;F cauj;ijf; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
- itf;nfhy; Mfpatw;why; ntag;glhky; typikahd rhe;J (Rz;zhk;g[)
g{rg;gl;l thdj;ij Kl;Lk; khlj;ij cilaJ.
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- mk; khlj;jpy; ,utpy; Vw;wg;gl;l vhpa[k; tpsf;F/ flypy; Jiw (vy;iy)

mwpahky; fy=;Fk; kuf;fy=;fisj; jd; Jiw (vy;iy) nehf;fp miHf;fpd;wJ.
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rpe;jid tpdh
1. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; fg;gy; Xl;ofisj; jtpu ntW ahUf;bfy;yhk; gad;gLk; vd
eP=;fs; fUJfpwPh;fs;>
w
- fly; Ma;t[ bra;gth;fs;

- kPdth;fs;
- fg;gw; gil tPuh;fs;
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- flypy; @H;fp Kj;bjLg;gth;fs;

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201
102 ` f=;fh `
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TLjy; tpdh
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1. bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil kw;Wk; gl;odg;ghiy Mfpa E}y;fspd; Mrphpah;
m) foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh; M) bjhz;ilkhd; ,se;jpiuad;
,) Kljhkf;fz;zpahh; <) ef;fPuh; [tpil : m]
ik
2. bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gilapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd;
m) foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh; M) bjhz;ilkhd; ,se;jpiuad;
,) Kljhkf;fz;zpahh; <) ef;fPuh; [tpil : M]
v
3. cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh; thH;e;j Ch;
m) foaY}h; M) kJiu
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4.
,) g[fhh;
al <) fy=;fiutpsf;fk; [tpil : m]
flypy; Jiw mwpahky; fy=;Fk; kuf;fy=;fisj; jd; Jiw nehf;fp miHg;gJ
m) flw;fiu M) fg;gy;
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kp ,) fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; <) khlk; [tpil : ,]
H;
5. flypy; Jiw mwpahky; fy=;FtJ
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m) flw;fiu M) kuf;fy=;fs;
,) fy=;fiutpsf;fk; <) khlk; [tpil : M]
6. flw;gazk; brd;W fiu jpUk;gj; jkpHh; fz;l bjhHpy;El;gk;
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,) fy=;fiutpsf;fk; <) khlk; [tpil : ,]
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7. thdk; Cd;wpa kjiy nghd;wJ

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,) fy=;fiutpsf;fk; <) khlk; [tpil : ,]
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FW tpdh
1. foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh; gw;wp ePtph; mwptd; ahit>
ps
- r=;ffhyg; g[yth;
- foaY}hpy; thH;e;jth;.
- gj;Jg;ghl;oy; cs;s bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil kw;Wk; gl;odg;ghiy Mfpa
E}y;fis ,aw;wpa[ss; hh;.
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` f=;fh ` 103
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2. bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil gw;wp ePtph; mwptd; ahit>
- gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fSs; xd;W : bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil
- ,aw;wpath; : foaY}h; cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhh;.
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- ,e;E}y; Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpak; rhh;e;jJ.
- ghl;Lilj;jiytd; : bjhz;ilkhd; ,se;jpiuad;
3. Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpak; vd;why; vd;d>
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ts;sy; xUthplk; ghpR bgw;W jpUk;g[k; g[yth;/ ghzh; nghd;nwhh; me;j ts;syplk;
brd;W ghpR bgw/ gpwUf;F tHpfhl;Ltjhfg; ghlg;gLrJ Mw;Wg;gil ,yf;fpak;
MFk;.
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4. `ntah khlk;~ bjhlh; bghUs; TWf. U
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ntah khlk; : itf;nfhy; nghd;wtw;why; ntag;glhJ/ jpz;ikahf (typikahf)
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5.
rhe;J g{rg;gl;l khlk;.
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b+fpHp / mGtk; Mfpa brhw;fspd; bghUs; ahJ>
b+fpHp ? jPr;Rlh;/ mGtk; ? fly;
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2
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rpW tpdh
1. gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fs; ahit>
 jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil  kJiuf;fh+;rp  bghUeuhw;Wg;gil
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 beLey;thil  bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil  Fwp+;rpg;ghl;L

 rpWghzhw;Wg;gil  gl;odg;ghiy  Ky;iyg;ghl;L
 kiygLflhk;
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fw;git fw;wgpd;
1.flw;fiuf;Fr; brd;W m=;Fs;s fhl;rpfisf; fz;L kfpH;f.
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flw;fiu fhl;rpfs; (bkhpdh)

- cyfpnya ,uz;lhtJ bghpa flw;fiu bkhpdhf; flw;fiu.
7
- brd;idj; JiwKfj;ij cs;ehl;L/ btspehl;Lf; fg;gy;fs; mzptFj;J
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tUfpd;wd.
- mit e=;Tuk; gha;r;rp epw;Fk; mHF mUik.
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- kPd; gpof;fr; brd;W kPz;L tUk; kPdth;fs; glFfs; fk;gPukha; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd.

- fhiy nehf;fp tUk; fly; miyfs; gpof;fKoahj khakhd;fs;.
- fliyf; fz;L kfpH kf;fs; Tl;lk; Vuhsk;.
- r=;FfSk;/ rpg;gpfSk; flw;fiuapy; bfhl;of;fplf;fpd;wJ.
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401
104 ` f=;fh `
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2. `fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;;~ ? khjphp xd;W bra;J tUf.
khzth; bray;ghL
3. flYk;/ fy=;fiu tpsf;fKk; ? Xtpak; tiue;J tz;zk; jPl;Lf.
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21. Mapuk; ngh; mzptFj;jhYk;/ xU J}rp fpsk;ghJ. mJ vd;d>
22. btapypy; kyUk;/ fhw;wpy; cyUk;. mJ vd;d>

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23. ntfhj bta;apypy; bts;isag;gd; tpisfpd;whd;. mJ vd;d>
7 24. midtiua[k; eL=;f itg;ghd; / MjtDf;nf ml=;Fthd;. mJ vd;d>

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tpil gf;fk; : 204

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` f=;fh ` 105
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,ay; ftpijg;
1 ngiH ftpd;kpF fg;gy;
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kUjd; ,sehfdhh;
- r=;ffhyg; g[yth;fSs; xUth;.
- fypj;bjhifapd; kUjj;jpizapy; cs;s 35
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ghly;fisg;ghoath;.
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- kUjj;jpiz ghLtjpy; ty;yth; vd;gjhy; kUjd;
,sehfdhh; vd miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
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t=;TH;
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ePfhd;
? gpsf;f
? ehtha; Xl;Lgtd;
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t=;fk; ? fg;gy; vy; ? gfy;
2
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nfhL cah; ? fiu cah;e;j khl xs;bshp ? fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;

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1. ,aw;if t=;TH; Ml;l ? mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs; _______
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m) epyk; M) ePh; ,) fhw;W <) beUg;g[ [tpil : ,]

2. kf;fs; _______ Vwp btspehLfSf;Fr; brd;wdh;.
m) flypy; M) fhw;wpy; ,) fHdpapy; <) t=;fj;jpy; [tpil : <]
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3. g[yhy; ehw;wk; cilajhf mfehD}W TWtJ
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m) fhw;W M) ehtha; ,) fly; <) kzy; [tpil : ,]
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4. `bgU=;fly;~ ,r;brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ

m) bgU + fly; M) bgUik + fly;
,) bghpa + fly; <) bgU=; + fly; [tpil : M]
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5. ,d;W + Mfp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ.

m) ,d;WMfp M) ,d;wpMfp
,) ,d;whfp <) ,d;whMfp [tpil : ,]
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6. vJif ,lk;bgwhj ,iz ________
m) ,ut[ ? ,aw;if M) t=;fk;?r=;fk;
,) cyF ?g[yt[ <) mirt[ ? ,irt[ [tpil : m]
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bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
1. t=;fk; ? gfy; 1. t=;fk; ? fg;gy;
ik
2. ePfhd; ? fg;gy; 2. ePfhd; ? ehtha; Xl;Lgtd;
3. vy; ? fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; 3. vy; ? gfy;
4. khl xs;bshp ? ehtha; Xl;Lgtd; 4. khl xs;bshp ? fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;
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FWtpdh
1. ehthapd; njhw;wk; vt;thW ,Ue;jjhf mfehD}W TWfpwJ>
j 2.
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ehthapd; njhw;wk; cyfk; ,lk;bgah;e;jJ nghd;W ,Ue;jjhf mfehD}W
TWfpwJ.
ehtha; Xl;ofSf;Ff; fhw;W vt;thW Jizbra;fpwJ>
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kp ,ut[k; gfYk; Xhplj;jpy; epw;fhky; tPRfpd;w fhw;whdJ ehthia mirj;Jr;
brYj;jp ehtha; Xl;ofSf;Fj; Jiz bra;fpd;wJ..
H; rpWtpdh
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1. flypy; fg;gy; bry;Yk; fhl;rpia mfehD}W vt;thW tpsf;FfpwJ>

- cyfk; ,lk;bgah;e;jJ nghd;W mHfpa njhw;wKilaJ ehtha;.
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- mJ g[yhy; ehw;wk; cila flypd; ePiug; gpse;J bfhz;L bry;Yk;.

- ,ut[k; gfYk; Xhplj;jpy; epw;fhky; tPRfpd;w fhw;whdJ ehthia mirj;Jr;
brYj;Jk;.
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- cah;e;j jiuia cila kzy; epiwe;j JiwKfj;jpy; fy=;fiu tpsf;fj;jpd;

xspahy; jpir mwpe;J ehtha; Xl;Lgtd; ehthiar; brYj;Jthd;.
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? vd;W flypy; fg;gy; bry;Yk; fhl;rpia mfehD}W tpsf;FfpwJ.
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rpe;jid tpdh
1. jiutHpg;gazk; / fly;tHpg; gazk; Mfpatw;Ws; eP=;fs; tpUk;g[tJ vJ> Vd;>
jiutHpg;gazk;/ fly;tHpg; gazk; Mfpatw;Ws; ehd; tpUk;g[tJ : fly;tHpg;
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gazk;.
fhuzk; : flypd; mHiff; fz;L kfpHt[k;/ fly; thH; caphpd=;fisg; ghh;f;ft[k;/
fly; jPt[fspd; ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfisf; fz;L kfpHt[k; fly;tHpg; gaznk rpwe;jJ.
vdnt/ ehd; fly;tHpg; gazj;ij tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.
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` f=;fh ` 107
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TLjy; tpdh
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1. beLe;bjhif vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; E}y;..
m) ew;wpiz M) FWe;bjhif
,) ghpghly; <) mfehD}W [tpil : <]
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2. fypj;bjhifapy; kUjj;jpizg; ghly;fisg; ghoa g[yth;
m) kUjd; ,sehfdhh; M) fgpyh; g
,) ngadhh; <) ey;ye;Jtdhh; [tpil : m]
U
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3. ftpd; kpF fg;gy; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; mike;j ghly; ,lk; bgWk; E}y;
m) ew;wpiz M) FWe;bjhif t
4.
,) ghpghly;
`vy;~ vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs;
al <) mfehD}W [tpil : <]
k;
2
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m) mHF M) gfy; ,) gpsf;f <) fiu [tpil : M]
5. bghpa flypd; ePiug; gpse;J bfhz;L bry;tJ...

m) ehtha; M) fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;
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,) fhw;W <) ePfhd; [tpil : m]
6. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy;...

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m) khl xs;bshp M) ePfhd;

,) vy; <) nfhL cah; [tpil : m]
bghUj;Jf.
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tpdh : tpil:
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1. cU ? gpsf;f 1. cU ? mHF
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2. nghH ? mHF 2. nghH ? gpsf;f

3. t=;TH; ? fiu cah;e;j
4. nfhL cah; ? fhw;W. 4. nfhL cah; ? fiu cah;e;j
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FW tpdh
1. g[yhy; ehw;wKilaJ vJ>
miy tPRk; bghpa fly; ePh; g[yhy; ehw;wKilaJ.
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801
108 ` f=;fh `
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2. cs;sk; ctifapy; Js;Sk; vg;nghJ>
miytPRk; flypy; mire;jhor; bry;Yk; fg;giyf; fhz cs;sk; ctifapy;
Js;Sk;.
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3. fg;gy; vd;gjw;Fg; ghlypy; ,lk; bgWk; ntW brhy; vJ>
fg;gy; vd;gjw;Fg; ghlypy; ,lk; bgWk; ntW brhy; : t=;fk;
4. mfehD}W Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
ik
- mfehD}W vl;Lj; bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W.
- g[yth; gyuhy; ghlg;gl;l 400 ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
- beLe;bjhif vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; E}y; ,Jnt.
v
5. kUjd; ,sehfdhh; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
j
- r=;ffhyg; g[yth;fSs; xUth;.
al
- fypj;bjhifapd; kUjj;jpizapy; cs;s 35 ghly;fisg;ghoath;.
- kUjj;jpiz ghLtjpy; ty;yth; vd;gjhy; kUjd; ,sehfdhh; vd miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
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rpW tpdh:
kp 1. vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fs; ahit>
H;  ew;wpiz  FWe;bjhif  ghpghly;  mfehD}W

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 I=;FWE}W  g[wehD}W  gjpw;Wg;gj;J  fypj;bjhif
fw;git fw;wgpd;
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1. flypy; fpilf;Fk; bghUl;fspd; bgah;fisj; bjhFf;f.

Kj;J/ cnyhfj; jhJf;fs;/ vz;bza;/ ,aw;if tha[/ tspk ePnuwpfs;/ gtsk;/
Rz;zhk;g[ fw;fs;/ rpg;gpfs;/ r=;Ffs;/ cg;g[.
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2. flw;gazk; gw;wpa rpWfij xd;wid mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy; gfph;f.
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fly; ? v!;.fz;zd;
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mtd; xU ,is+d;. mtdJ FLk;gk; kpft[k; VH;ikahd FLk;gk;. fs;sr;rhuak;

Foj;J mtd; mg;gh ,we;Jtpl;lhh;. mk;kh kw;Wk; jpUkz tajpy; j=;if mtDf;F.
mtDf;Ff; fpilj;j ntiyapy; FL;k;gj;ij elj;jnt gzk; nghjtpy;iy.
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j=;ifapd; jpUkzj;ij vg;go elj;jg; nghfpnwhk; vd;w ftiyna mtDf;Fg;

bghpjhf ,Ue;jJ.
kdjpd; epk;kjpf;fhf midtUk; flw;fiu nehf;fpr; bry;th;. mtDk; mg;goa[k;
rpy ehl;fs; brd;whd;. if epiwa vg;nghJ rk;ghjpg;gJ> vg;nghJ j=;iff;Fj;
jpUkzk; bra;tJ> ,it mtd; kdij mGj;jpf; bfhz;nl ,Ue;jJ. xU ehs;
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` f=;fh ` 109
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jw;bfhiy bra;ayhk; vd;w vz;zj;Jld; fiunahuk; mkh;e;J ,Ue;jhd;. mJ ,ut[
neuk; flw;fiuapy; ahUkpy;iy.
fly; ePh; mtd; ntjid nghy; cg;ghfnt ,Ue;jJ. J}uj;jpy; ahnuh fliy
ad
nehf;fp xLtJ nghy; ,Ue;jJ. ,td; mtisf; fhg;ghw;wpdhd;. mtsJ mg;gh/
mk;kh Xnlho te;jdh;. jpUkzk; Md @d;W khjj;jpy; fztd; ,we;jjhy; mts;
,j;jifa Kot[f;F te;jij mwpe;jhd;.
me;jg; bgz;zpd; mg;gh/ bghpa fhh; epWtdj;jpd; Kjyhsp. ,td; epiyia
ik
mwpe;J/ mtDf;F ntiya[k; bfhLj;J/ mtdJ j=;iff;Fk; jpUkzk; bra;J
itj;jhh;. mtdJ ed;dlj;ijahy; epWtdj;jpd; vk;.o. Mf cah;e;jhd;. Kjyhsp
mtuJ bgz;iza[k; jpUkzk; bra;J itf;fpd;whh;. kPz;Lk; jdf;F thH;t[ je;j
g
flw;fiuf;Fr; bry;fpd;whd;. miy Mde;jj;Jld; Mh;g;ghpj;J/ mtd; kPJ tpGe;jJ. U
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,d;gj;jpy; fly; ePh; ,dpikahdJ.
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26. vl;lhj ,uhzpahk;/ ,utpy; tUths;/ gfypy; kiwths;. mJ vd;d>
27. kz;Qf;Fs; fplg;ghd;. k=;fsfukhdtd;. mJ vd;d>

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28. gy; Jyf;fhjtDf;F clk;bgy;yhk; gw;fs;. mJ vd;d>
29. Kj;J tPl;Lf;Fs;ns jl;Lg; gyif. mJ vd;d>

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30. kz;ilapy; nghl;lhy; kfpH;e;J rphpg;ghd;. mJ vd;d>
31. epyj;jpy; Kisf;fhj bro/ epkph;e;J epw;fhj bro. mJ vd;d>

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tpil gf;fk; : 204
vav
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110 ` f=;fh `
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,ay; ciueil
1 cyfk; jkpHhpd; fg;gw;fiy
ad
ik
1. jkpHhpd; rpwpa ePh;epiyfisf; flf;fg; gad;gLj;jpaJ ??????????.
m) fyk; M) t=;fk; ,) ehtha; <) Xlk; [tpil : <]
2. bjhy;fhg;gpak; flw;gazj;ij ?????????? tHf;fk; vd;W TWfpd;wJ.
v
m) ed;dPh; M) jz;zPh; ,) Ke;ePh; <) fz;zPh; [tpil : ,]
j
3.

al
fg;giy chpa jpirapy; jpUg;g[tjw;Fg; gad;gLk; fUtp
m) Rf;fhd; M) e=;Tuk; ,) fz;il <) rKf;F [tpil : m]
.k
kp 1. fg;gy; fl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLk; ku Mzpfs; ________ vd miHf;fg;gLk;.
H;
tpil : bjhFjp
w
2. fg;gy; Xhplj;jpy; epiyahf epw;f cjt[tJ ________ tpil : e=;Tuk;
3. ,iHj;j kuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cUt=;fs; ________ vdf;Fwpf;fg;gLk;.

tpil : fz;zil
w
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil:
w
1. vuh ? jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp 1. vuh ? mokuk;

2. gUky; ? mokuk; 2. gUky; ? FWf;F kuk;
7 3. kPfhkd; ? FWf;F kuk; 3. kPfhkd; ? fg;giyr; brYj;Jgth;

://
k; fUtp 4. fhe;j Crp ? fg;giyr; brYj;Jgth;

bjhlh;fspy; mikj;J vGJ.
ps
1. ePnuhl;lk; ? MH;Jisf;fpzW mikf;Fk; Kd;dh; ePnuhl;lk; ghh;g;gh;.

2. fhw;wpd; jpir ? fg;giyf; fhw;wpd; jpirf;nfw;g brYj;Jth;.
3. thdpay; mwpt[ ? jkpHh; thdpay; mwptpy; rpwe;J tps=;fpdh;.
4. Vw;Wkjp ? gz;ila fhyj;jpy; fly;tzpfk; @yk; Vw;Wkjp eilbgw;wJ.
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 111
al
FW tpdh
1. njhzp vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bgah;f;fhuzj;ijf; TWf.
ad
vil Fiwe;j bghpa ku=;fspd; cl;gFjpiaf; File;J njhz;lg;gl;lit
`njhzp~ vdg;gl;ld.
2. fg;gy; fl;Lk;nghJ kug;gyiffSf;F ,ilna nj=;fha; ehh; (m)g+;R itg;gjd;
nehf;fk; vd;d>
ku=;fisa[k; gyiffisa[k; xd;nwhL xd;whf ,izf;f ,ilna nj=;fha; ehh;
ik
(my;yJ) g+;R Mfpatw;wpy; xd;iw itj;J ed;whf ,Uf;fp Mzpfis miwe;jdh;.
g
3. fg;gy; cWg;g[fs; rpytw;wpd; bgah;fis f; TWf.
 vuh  gUky;  t=;F  Tk;g[ U
v
 gha;kuk;  Rf;fhd;  e=;Tuk;
t
rpW tpdh al
? nghd;wit fg;gy; cWg;g[fs; MFk;.
k;
2
1. rpwpa ePh;epiyfisa[k; fly;fisa[k; flf;fj; jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ch;jpfspd;
.k
bgah;fis vGJf.
rpwpa ePh;epiyfisf; flf;fj; jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ch;jpfspd; bgah;fs; :
 njhzp  Xlk;  glF
w
 g[iz  kpjit  bjg;gk;

fly;fisf; flf;fj; jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ch;jpfspd; bgah;fs;:
w
 fyk;  t=;fk;  ehtha;
2. gz;ilj; jkpHhpd; fg;gy; brYj;Jk; Kiw gw;wpf; TWf.

- fhw;wpd; jpir mwpe;J fg;gy;fs; brYj;Jk; Kiwiaj; jkpHh; ed;F mwpe;J
w
itj;jpUe;jdh;.
7
- flypy; fhw;W tPRk; jpir/ ePnuhl;l=;fspd; jpir Mfpatw;iwj; jkpHh;fs; ed;F
://
mwpe;J itj;J/ chpa fhyj;jpy; chpa jpirapy; fg;giyr; brYj;jpdh;.

- jpirfhl;Lk; fUtp kw;Wk; tpz;kPd;fspd; epiyia itj;J jpiria mwpe;J
fg;giyr; brYj;jpdh;.
ps
- rpwe;j thdpay; mwpit khYkpfs; bgw;wpUe;jdh;.

- nfhs;fspd; epiyia itj;Jg; g[ay;/ kiH nghd;wit njhd;Wk; fhy=;fisa[k;
fly; ePh; bgh=;Fk; fhyj;ija[k; mwpe;J rhpahd fhyj;jpy; fg;giyr; brYj;jpdh;.
tt
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.i
211
112 ` f=;fh `
al
3. fg;gy; ghJfhg;ghdjhf mikaj; jkpHh;fs; ifahz;l tHpKiwfs; ahit>
- fg;gy; jz;zPhpnyna ,Ug;git vd;gjhy; jz;zPuhy; ghjpg;g[ Vw;glhj
ku=;fisna gad;gLj;jpdh;.
ad
- ePh; kl;l itg;gpw;F ntk;g[/ ,Yg;ig/ g[d;id/ ehty; ku=;fisa[k; gf;f=;fSf;Fj;
njf;F/ btz; njf;F ku=;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdh;.
- RHp cila ku=;fisj; jtph;j;jdh;.
- ku=;fisa[k; gyiffisa[k; xd;nwhL xd;whf ,izf;f ,ilna nj=;fha;
ik
ehh; (my;yJ) g+;R Mfpatw;wpy; xd;iw itj;J ed;whf ,Uf;fp Mzpfis
miwe;jdh;.
- Rz;zhk;iga[k; rziya[k; fye;J miuj;J mjpy; vz;bza; fye;J fg;gypd;
v
mog;gFjpapy; g{rpdh;. ,jdhy; fg;gy; gGjilahky; ePz;lfhyk; ciHj;jd.
- ,Uk;g[ JUg;gpof;Fk; vd;gjhy; kuMzpfisg; gad;gLj;jpdh;.
j
rpe;jid tpdh
1.
al
,f;fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; btspehLfSf;Fr; bry;tjw;Ff; flw;gazj;ijg; bghpJk;
nkw;bfhs;shjJ Vd; vdr; rpe;jpj;J vGJf.
.k
kp - fg;gypy; btspehLfSf;Fg; gazk; bra;jhy; ePz;lehl;fs; gazk;
bra;antz;Lk;. mjdhy; fhy tpiuak; Vw;gLk;.
H; - mjptpiut[f;Ff; flw;gazk; gad;gLtjpy;iy.

w
- fly; caphpd=;fs; kw;Wk; g[ay; nghd;wit mr;rj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.

- mjpfbghUl;bryit Vw;gLj;Jk;.
? nghd;w fhuz=;fshy; ,f;fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; btspehLfSf;Fr; bry;tjw;Ff;
w
flw;gazj;ijg; bghpJk; nkw;bfhs;stpy;iy.
TLjy; tpdh
w
7
1. g{k;g[fhh; JiwKfj;jpypUe;J fg;gy;fs; @yk; bghUl;fs; Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp
://
bra;ag;gl;lijf; TWk; E}y;

m) jpUf;Fws; M) gl;odg;ghiy
,) gjpw;Wg;gj;J <) nre;jd; jpthfuk; [tpil : M]
ps
2. gytifahd fg;gy;fspd; bgaiuf;Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;

m) jpUf;Fws; M) gl;odg;ghiy
,) gjpw;Wg;gj;J <) nre;jd; jpthfuk; [tpil : <]
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` f=;fh ` 113
al
3. kuj;jpdhy; Md Mzp
m) jr;RKHk; M) bjhFjp ,) fz;zil <) fk;kpah; [tpil : M]
ad
4. gHe;jkpHh; ????????? tHpfhl;ofshfg; gad;gLj;jp fly;gazk; bra;jpUf;fyhk;.
m) Mikfs; M) Fjpiufs; ,) ahidfs; <) ku=;fs; [tpil : m]

1. jkpHh;fs; Kw;fhyj;jpnyna fg;gy; _______ ed;F mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jdh;.
ik
tpil : fl;Lk; fiyia
g
2. fg;gy; fl;Lk; fiy+h;fs; _______ vd;W miHf;fg;gl;ldh;.
U
v
tpil : fk;kpah;
3. _______ vd;gJ ,iHj;j kuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cUt=;fs; MFk;.
t
4.
al
kuj;jpd; btl;lg;gl;l gFjpia _______ vd;gh;.
tpil : fz;zil
tpil : btl;Ltha; k;
2
.k
5. ,j;jhyp ehl;L flw;gazp _______. tpil : khh;f;nfhnghyh
6. fhw;wpd; cjtpahy; brYj;jg;gLk; fg;gy;fs;_______ vdg;gl;ld.

tpil : gha;kuf;fg;gy;fs;
w
FWtpdh
1. jkpHh;fs; fg;gy; fl;Lk; bjhHpypy; gue;J gl;l mwpt[ bgw;wpUe;jdh; vd;gij tpsf;Fk;
E}y;fs; vit>
w
 jpUf;Fws;  gl;odg;ghiy  mfehD}W  gjpw;Wg;gj;J

 nre;jd; jpthfuk;
w
2. jkpHh;fs; may;ehLfSf;Ff; fg;gypy; brd;wdh; vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W xd;W jUf.

epa{rpyhe;J ehl;L btyp=;ld; mU=;fhl;rpafj;jpy; gH=;fhyj; jkpH;ehl;Lf;
7
fg;gy;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l kzp xd;W ,lk;bgw;Ws;sJ.,Jnt/ jkpHh;fs;
://
may;ehLfSf;Ff; fg;gypy; brd;wdh; vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W MFk;.

3. bghpa fg;gw;gil bfhz;L gyehLfs; btd;w nrhHh;fs; ahth;>
 ,uhruhr nrhHd;  ,uhnre;jpu nrhHd;
ps
4. fhpKf mk;gp / ghpKf mk;gp vd;why; vd;d>

fhpKf mk;gp : bghpa glFfspy; Kd;gf;fj;jpy; ahidapd; jiy nghd;W totikg;gJ.
ghpKf mk;gp : bghpa glFfspy; Kd;gf;fj;jpy; Fjpiuapd; jiy nghd;W totikg;gJ.
tt
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.i
411
114 ` f=;fh `
al
5. jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa gha;ku=;fs; ahit>
 bghpa gha;kuk;  jpUf;ifj;jpg; gha;kuk;
 fhzg;gha; kuk;  nfhRg;gha;kuk;
ad
6. fg;gy; brYj;Jgth;fSf;F tH=;Fk; ntW bgah;fs; ahit>
 khYkp  kPfhkd;  ePfhd;  fg;gnyhl;o
rpW tpdh
ik
1. gha;ku=;fisf; fl;Lk; fapw;wpd; tiffs; ahit>
 M+;rhd; fapW  jhk;gh=;fapW  ntlh=;fapW
 gsp=;iff;fapW  @l;lh=;fapW  ,s=;fapW
v
 nfhog;gha;f;fapW
2. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; ? bghUs; tpsf;fk; jUf.
j
- fyk; vd;why; fg;gy;.
- fiujy; vd;why; miHj;jy;.
al
- fg;giy miHf;Fk; tpsf;F vd;Dk; bghUspy; `fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;~ vdg;gl;lJ.
.k
kp fw;git fw;wgpd;
(gf;fk; ? 12)
H;
w
1. gy;tifahd fg;gy;fspd; gl=;fisr; nrfhpj;Jg; glj;bjhFg;g[ xd;W cUthf;Ff.

w
w
2. jiutHpg;gazk;/ fly;tHpg;gazk;/ thd;tHpg;gazk; Mfpait Fwpj;J

tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.
7
Mrphpah; :
://
khzhf;fh;fns- jiutHpg;gazk; / fly;tHpg;gazk; / thd;tHpg;gazk; Mfpait

Fwpj;J ,d;W fye;Jiuahly; bra;a[=;fs;.
ahHpdp :
ps
,d;iwa epiyapy; jiutHpg;gazk; kl;Lnk rpwe;jJ. Vbdd;why;/ bry;y ntz;oa

,lj;jpw;F Ch;jpfs; @yk; tpiuthfr; bry;yyhk;. vt;tpjf; fl;Lg;ghLkpd;wpr;
bry;yyhk;.
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.i
` f=;fh ` 115
al
mKjd; :
flypd; mHiff; fz;L kfpHt[k; / fly; thH; caphpd=;fisg; ghh;f;ft[k;/ fly;
jPt[fspd; ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfis fz;L kfpHt[k; fly;tHpg; gaznk rpwe;jJ. vdnt/
ad
ehd; fly;tHpg; gazj;ij tpUk;g[fpd;nwd;.
fht;ah :
jiu kw;Wk; fg;gy; tHp gaz=;fistplr; rpwe;jJ thd;tHpg;gazk; MFk;. gy
ehl;fs; bry;y ntz;oa gazj;ij xU rpy kzp neu=;fspnyna bry;yyhk;.
ik
mjptpiut[f;F Vw;wJ.
Mrphpah; : g
ed;W khzth;fns- U
v
vav t
al rpe;jidg;g[jph;
3. eLtHpa Xa;t[f;fhk;/ fil apuz;oy; VJkpy;iy/ @d;bwGj;jpy; cLj;jyhk;/

k;
2
.k
bkhj;jj;jpy; bgz;fs; tpUg;gk;. ehd; ahh;>
4. filrp vGj;J khwpdhy; jpd;dyhk;/ KjYk; filrpa[k; nrh;e;jhy; FspUk;.

bkhj;jj;jpy; KUfd; ,lk;. brhy;Y=;fs;.
w
tpil gf;fk; : 139
tpLfij
w
31. epyj;jpy; Kisf;fhj bro/ epkph;e;J epw;fhj bro. mJ vd;d>
32. mo kyh;e;jJ Edp kyuhj g{. mJ vd;d>

w
33. ge;jpf;F tUk; Ke;jp/ btspna tUk; gpe;jp. mJ vd;d>
34. nfhzy; ,Ue;jhYk;/ Fzk; khwhJ. mJ vd;d>
7
://
tpil gf;fk; : 204

ps
vav
tt
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.i
611
116 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay;
1 tphpthdk; MH;flypd; moapy;
ad
$^y;!; bth;d;
- mwptpay; g[idfijfspd; jiykfd; vd;W g[fHg;gLgth;.
ik
- gpuhd;R rhl;ilr; rhh;e;jth;.
- gy mwptpay; fz;Lgpog;g[fs; fz;Lgpog;gjw;F Kd;nd
jk; g[j;pdj;jpy; mijg;gw;wpf; Twpath;.
v
- vz;gJ ehs;fspy; cyifr; Rw;wp / g{kpapd; ikaj;ij
nehf;fp xU gazk; / MH;flypd; moapy; Kjypa
j
al
g[jpd=;fisg; gilj;jth;.

.k
`MH;flypd; moapy;~ fijiar; RUf;fp tiuf.
kp
H; fijkhe;jh; mwpKfk;:
w
gpahp ? tpy=;fpay; nguhrphpah;

Bguhfl; ? mbkhpf;fh epa[{ahh;f;fpypUe;J g[wg;gl;l nghh;f; fg;gypd; jiyth;.
bel; ? <l;o vwpe;J jpkp=;fpy=;fis ntl;ilahLtjpy; ty;yth;.
w
fhd;rPy; ? gpahpapd; cjtpahsh;.
Kd;Diu
w
mwptpay; g[idfijfspd; jiykfd; vd;W g[fHg;gLgth; $^y;!; bth;d;. mth;

vGjpa `MH;flypd; moapy;~ vd;w g[jpdj;jpd; fijapidr; RUf;fpf; fhz;nghk;.
7 tpy=;ifj; njoa gazk;

://
flypy; cnyhfj;jhy; Md clk;g[ bfhz;l xU tpy=;F flypy; bry;nthiuj;

jhf;fpaJ. mjidf; fz;Lgpoj;J mHpf;f gpahp/ Bguhfl;/bel;/fhd;rPy; Mfpnahh;
bfhz;l FG epa{ahhf; efhpy; ,Ue;J xU nghh;f;fg;gypy; bry;fpd;wJ. mbkhpf;fh
ps
Kjy; $g;ghd; tiu @d;W khj=;fshfj; njoa[k; me;j tpy=;F fpilf;ftpy;iy. xU

ehs; me;j tpy=;F ,th;fspd; fg;giyj; jhf;fpaJ. gPu=;fpf; Fz;LfSk;/ bel;od;
<l;oa[k; me;j tpy=;Ffis vJt[k; bra;a Koatpy;iy. mJ ,th;fisj; J}f;fp
tPrpaJ.
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 117
al
ePh;@H;fpf; fg;gy;
mJ tpy=;fd;W. ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy; vd;gij mth;fs; mwpe;jdh;. mth;fis ePh;
@H;fpf; fg;gy; tPuh;fs; rpiwgpoj;jdh;. me;j ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy; bgah; ehl;oy!;
ad
vd;Wk; / mjd; jiyth; benkh vd;gija[k;/ ,f;fg;giy tpe;ijahd tpy=;F vd;W
ek;g itj;jija[k; nenkh Twptpl;L/ ,r;bra;jp mwpe;j c=;fis btspapy; mDg;g
KoahJ. vdf;fhd ,e;jj; jdp cyfj;jpy; jhd; eP=;fSk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;whh;.
midtUk; mr;rg;gl;ldh;.
fg;gypd; ,af;fk;
ik
fg;gYf;Fj; njitahdit vg;go c=;fSf;Ff; fpilf;fpd;W vd;W gpahp/
benkhtplk; nfl;lhh;. mjw;F mth; kpd;rhuk; jahhpf;f jitahd fUtpfs; cs;sd/
g
fg;gypy; kpfg;bghpa ePh;j;bjhl;o cs;sJ. mjid epug;g[k; nghJ fg;gy; fly;
U
v
moapYk; ePh; btspnaWk; nghJ nky; bry;fpd;wJ. rpy ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw fg;gy;
nkny tUk; bghGJ Rthrpf;fj; njitahd fhw;iwg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf;bfhs;Sk;/ fhw;Wr;
t
kzy; jpl;oy; rpf;fpa fg;gy;al
nrfhpf;Fk; epiwa igfSk; cs;sd vd;whh;.
xU ehs; kzy; jpl;oy; fg;gy; rpf;fptpl;lJ. J}uj;jpy; bjhpe;j jPtpy; fha;fwp

k;
th=;fp tu mth;fis/ benkh ,irtspj;jhh;. mth;fs; fha;fwpfs; th=;fpf; bfhz;L
2
.k
jpUk;g[k; nghJ mj;jPtpy; cs;sth;fs; Juj;jpdhh;fs;. mth;fpsplk; khl;lhky; fg;gy;
te;J nrh;e;jdh;. mf;fg;giy mth;fs; Kw;Wifapl;ldh;. flypd; ePh;kl;lk; cau
fg;gy; nkny te;jJ. MW ehs; nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fg; gpwF fg;gy; gazk; bjhlh;e;jJ.
w
flYf;foapy; mth;fs; bry;Yk; nghJ/ Kj;Jf;Fspj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;j ,e;jpah;

xUtiu Rwhtplk; ,Ue;J fhg;ghw;wpdh;.flyoapd; cd;dj fhl;rpfis vy;yhk;
fz;L kfpH;e;jdh;.
Kot[iu
w
bgUk; fly; RHypy; fg;gy; khl;of; bfhz;lJ. @tUk; J}f;fptPrg;gl;ldh;.

kaf;fepiyapy; ehh;nt ehl;L kPdth; Foirapy; ,Ue;jij tpHpj;Jg; ghh;j;jdh;.
benkht[k; fg;gYk; vd;d MdJ vd;W bjhpatpy;iy.
w
fw;git fw;wgpd;
7
://
1. MH;fly; fhl;rpbahd;iwf; fw;gidahfg; glk; tiue;J tz;zk; jPl;Lf.

ps
tt
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.i
811
118 ` f=;fh `
al
2. ePh;@H;fpf; fg;gy; ,a=;Fk; Kiwgw;wpa bra;jpfisj; jpul;o bjhFj;J vGJf.
- jz;zPhpy; xU bghUs; jd; vilia tpl mjpf vila[s;s ePiu btspnaw;wpdhy;
kl;Lnk mg;bghUs; kpjf;Fk; vd;gJ Mh;f;fpkpo!; jj;Jtk;.
ad
- mjd; mog;ilapy; jhd; ePh; @H;fpf;fg;gy;fs; ,a=;Ffpd;wd.
- ruisj; bjhl;ofs; ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy;fisr; Rw;wp totikf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;.
- ,J fhw;why; epug;gg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;. Rw;wpf; fhw;W ,Ug;gjhy;/ ePhpy; ,Uf;Fk;
ik
fhw;iw btspnaw;wpdhy; ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ePuhdJ epuk;g[k;.
- ,g;go epuk;gpdhy; vil mjpfhpf;Fk; fg;gy; ePhpy; @H;Fk;.
v
vav
tpLfijfs;
j
al
36. ePhpny caph; bgw;W epyj;jpny ePh; ,iwg;ghd;. mJ vd;d>
37. xw;iwf; fhy; nfhHpf;F tapW epiwa Kl;il. mJ vd;d>

.k
kp 38. elf;fj; bjhpahjtDf;F tHpfhl;Lthd;. mJ vd;d>
H; tpil gf;fk; : 204

w
xU thp jkpH;g; bghd;bkhHpfs

w
11. jPikia ed;ikahy; bty;.
12. jd;dk;gpf;ifa[k; ciHg;g[k; btw;wp jUk;.

w
13. xGf;fk; cah;t[ jUk;.
14. thrpg;gnj cz;ikahd Rthrpg;g[.
7
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.i
` f=;fh ` 119
al
,ay;
1 fw;fz;L ,yf;fpatifr; brhw;fs;
ad
ik
1. vy;yhh;f;Fk; vspjpy; bghUs; tps=;Fk; brhy; ???????
m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : m]; g
2. gybghUs; jUk; xU brhy; vd;gJ ??????? U
v
m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : M]
t
3.
m) kiyahsk;
bghUj;Jf.
M) fd;dlk; al
tlbkhHp vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; bkhHp ??????
,) rk!;fpUjk; <) bjY=;F [tpil : ,] k;
2
.k
tpdh tpil
1) ,aw;brhy; ? bgw;wk; 1) ,aw;brhy; ? nrhW
2) jphpbrhy; ? ,uj;jk; 2) jphpbrhy; ? mGtk;
w
3) jpirr;brhy; ? mGtk; 3) jpirr;brhy; ? bgw;wk;

4) tlbrhy; ? nrhW 4) tlbrhy; ? ,uj;jk;
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FW tpdh
1. kz;/ bghd; vd;gd vt;tifr; brhw;fs;>
kz;/ bghd; vd;gd bgah;,aw;brhy;tifr; brhw;fs; MFk;.
w
2. ,aw;brhy;ypd; ehd;F tiffs; ahit>

1. bgah;,aw;brhy; 2. tpid,aw;brhy; 3. ,il,aw;brhy; 4. chp ,aw;brhy;
7
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3. F=;Fkk;/ fkyk; vd;gd vt;tif tlbrhw;fs;>

F=;Fkk;/ fkyk; vd;gd jw;rkk; tif tlbrhw;fs; MFk;.
rpW tpdh
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1. ,yf;fpa tifr; brhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>

,yf;fpa tifr; brhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;. mit ahtd:
1) ,aw;brhy; 2) jphpbrhy; 3) jpirr;brhy; 4) tlbrhy;
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.i
021
120 ` f=;fh `
al
2. jphpbrhy;ypd; tiffs; Fwpj;J tpsf;Ff.
jphpbrhy; bgah;/ tpid/ ,il/ chp Mfpa ehd;F epiyapy; tUk;.
xU bghUs; Fwpj;j gy jphpbrhy;/ gy bghUs; Fwpj;j xU jphpbrhy; vdt[k; ,U
ad
tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
3. gz;oif/ nfzp vd;gd vt;tifr; brhw;fs;> tpsf;Ff.
gz;oif/ nfzp vd;gd jpirr;brhw;fs; MFk;.
tpsf;fk; : gz;oif/ nfzp Mfpa brhw;fs; jkpHpy; tHf;fpy; ,Ue;jhYk; ,it
ik
jkpH;r;brhw;fs; md;W. tlbkhHp jtpu gpwbkhHpfspypUe;J te;j brhw;fs;
jpirr;brhw;fs; MFk;.
TLjy; tpdh
v
j
1.
2.
fly;/ fg;gy; vd;gd _______
m) ,aw;brhy;
al
M) jphpbrhy;
t=;TH;/ mGtk; vd;gd _______
,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : m]
.k
kp m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : M]
H;
3. rhtp/ rd;dy;/ gz;oif/ ,uapy; vd;gd _______
w
m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : ,]

4. tUlk;/ khjk;/ fkyk; vd;gd _______
m) ,aw;brhy; M) jphpbrhy; ,) jpirr;brhy; <) tlbrhy; [tpil : <]
w
1. ele;jhd;/ te;jhd; vd;gJ ________ ,aw;brhy;. tpil : tpid

w
2. mtid/ mtdhy; vd;gJ ________ ,aw;brhy;. tpil : ,il
7
3. khefh; vd;gJ ________ ,aw;brhy;. tpil : chp
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dj; 4. ,ak;gpdhd;/ gapd;whd; vd;gJ

5. md;d/ khh; vd;gJ ________ jphpbrhy;. tpil : ,ilj;
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6. ,uapy;/ bgw;wk; vd;gd ________ brhw;fs;. tpil : jpirr;

7. tlbrhw;fis ________/ ________ vd ,U tifahfg; gphpg;gh;.
tpil : jw;rkk;/ jw;gtk;
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 121
al
FWtpdh
1. brhy; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
Xh; vGj;j jdpj;Jk; xd;wpw;F nkw;gl;l vGj;Jfs; bjhlh;e;J te;J bghUs; jUtJ
ad
brhy; vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W : g{/ mwk;
2. brhy; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; ntW brhw;fs; ahit>
 bkhHp  gjk;  fpstp
ik
3. jphpbrhy; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
fw;nwhh;f;F kl;Lk; tps=;Ftjhft[k;/ ,yf;fpa=;fspy; kl;Lk; gapd;W g
tUgitahft[k; mika[k; brhw;fs; jphpbrhy; MFk;.
U
v
rhd;W : t=;TH; (fhw;W)/ mGtk;(fly;)
4. jpirr;brhy; vd;why; vd;d> t
5. tlbrhy; vd;why; vd;d>
al
tlbkhHp jtpu gpwbkhHpfspypUe;J te;j brhw;fs; jpirr;brhy; MFk;.
tlbkhHpapypUe;J te;J jkpHpy; ,lk; bgWk; brhw;fs; tlbrhw;fs; MFk;.

k;
2
.k
rpW tpdh
1. ,yf;fz Kiwg;go brhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
,yf;fz Kiwg;go brhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:
w
1) bgah;r;brhy; 2) tpidr;brhy; 3) ,ilr;brhy; 4) chpr;brhy;
fw;git fw;wgpd;
w
ehspjH; bra;jpbahd;iw vLj;Jf;bfhz;L mjpYs;s ehy; tifr; brhw;fisa[k;

tifg;gLj;jpg; gl;oay; cUthf;Ff.
ehspjH; bra;jp : ``,iwj;J CUk; nfzp nghy fy;tp mwptpy; khzth;fs; rpwe;J
w
tps=;f ntz;Lk;. ,jH; tphpe;J kzk; gug;g[k; g[&;gk; nghy nkd;ik

bgw ntz;Lk; vd;W khzth;fisj; jiyth;fs; thH;j;jpdh;~~.
7 ,aw;brhy; jphpbrhy; jpirr;brhy; tlbrhy;

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fy;tp
,iwj;J
khzth;fs;
nfzp
mwptpy; nfzp g[&;gk;
ps
,jH;
jiyth;fs;
nkd;ik
rpwe;J
tt
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.i
221
122 ` f=;fh `
al
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
nfl;f.
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flw;gazk; bjhlh;ghd fijfisg; bghpnahhplk; nfl;L kfpH;f.
fg;gy; xd;wpy; Rw;Wyh bry;y ,UgJ ngh; Maj;jkhdhh;fs;.JiwKfj;ij nehf;fp
kfpH;t[ld; midtUk; brd;wdh;. fg;gy; te;jt[ld; ehd;F FLk;gj;jhUk; fg;gypy;
mkh;e;jdh;. fg;gy; rpwpJ J}uk; bry;Yifapy; Ml;lk;/ ghl;lk;/ bfhz;lhl;lk; vd
jpUtpHh nghy ,Ue;jJ. fgpydpd; FLk;gKk; j=;fs; Ie;J taJ kfdplk; flypd;
ik
mHiff; Twp kfpH;e;J te;jdh;.
fg;gy; xU jPit mile;jJ. m=;F midtUk; czt[ cz;L tpl;L/
Xa;btLj;jdh;. khiy neuk; Mdt[ld; kPz;Lk; fg;gy; gazk; bjhl=;fpaJ.,ut[
v
ntfkhfr; brd;wJ. fhiyapy; g[j;Jzh;t[ld; fg;gypy; ,Ue;J fly; ePiuj; bjhl;L
kfpH;e;jdh;. fgpydpd; Ie;J taJ kfd; fly; ePiuj; bjhl Mirg;gl;lhd;. fgpyd;
J}f;f/ kfd; jz;zPiuj; bjhl;L kfpH;e;jhd;.
j
al
jpObud fg;gy; FY=;fpaJ. Vnjh xU rj;jk; fg;gy; ga=;fukhf Mlj;bjhl=;fpaJ.
fgpydpd; kfd; ifia Kjiy xd;W ft;tp ,Gj;jJ. fhg;gw;w fjwp mGJ
Kaw;rpj;jdh;. khYkp FHe;ijia tpltpy;iy vd;why; ,e;jf; fg;gy; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shfp
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kw;w 19 ngUk; ,wf;f nehpLk; vd;whh;. fgpyd; jd; kfDf;fhf 19 ngh; rhf ntz;Lkh
kp vdr; brhy;yp jd; kfid Kjiyaplk; fht[ bfhLj;J 19 ngh; capiuf; fhg;ghw;w;p
fjwp mGjhd;.
H; gpd;tUk; jiyg;g[fspy; ,uz;L epkpl=;fs; ngRf.

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fg;gy;fspd; tiffSk; gad;fSk;

jhna- jkpnH- tzf;fk;. fg;gy;fspd; tiffSk; gad;fSk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;
rpy epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;. th;j;jff; fg;gy;fs;/ flw;gil fg;gy;fs; vd gy tiff;
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fg;gy;fs; cs;sd. th;j;jff; fg;gy;fis @d;W tifahfg; gphpf;fyhk;. ruf;Ff; fg;gy;/

gazpfs; fg;gy;/ rpwg;g[ njitf; fg;gy; MfpadthFk;. ruf;Ff; fg;gy;fs; cyh; kw;Wk;
jput ruf;Fg; nghf;Ftuj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wJ. gazpfSf;Fg; gad;gLk; fg;gy;
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gazpfs; fg;gy;. fly; gFjp vy;iyiag; ghJfhf;Fk; fg;gy; fg;gw;gilf;fg;gy;

MFk;.ed;wp.
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fhyk; @d;W tifg;gLk; : 1. ,we;jfhyk; 2. epfH;fhyk; 3. vjph;fhyk;

1. ,we;jfhyk; :
rhd;W : ghh;j;jhd;/ Modhs;.
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2. epfH;;fhyk; : elf;Fk; bray;fisf; Fwpg;gJ epfH;;fhyk;.

rhd;W : ghh;f;fpwhd;/ MLfpd;whs;.
3. vjph;fhyk; : elf;ftpUf;Fk; braiyf; Fwpg;gJ vjph;fhyk;.
rhd;W : fhz;ghd;/ MLths;.
tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 123
al
fl;l=;fis epug;g[f.
nth;r;brhy; ,we;jfhyk; epfH;fhyk; vjph;fhyk;
ad
el ele;jhs; elf;fpwhs; elg;ghs;
vGJ vGjpdhs; vGJfpwhs; vGJths;
XL Xodhs; XLfpwhs; XLths;
rphp rphpj;jhs; rphpf;fpwhs; rphpg;ghs;
ik
gpo gpoj;jhs; gpof;fpwhs; gpog;ghs; g
,w=;F ,w=;fpdhs; ,w=;Ffpwhs; ,w=;Fths;
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v
bghUj;jkhd fhyk; mika[khW jpUj;jp vGJf.
t
1.
al
mKjd; new;W tPl;Lf;F tUthd;.
tpil : mKjd; new;W tPl;Lf;F te;jhd;. k;
2
2. fz;kzp ehis ghlk; goj;jhs;.
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tpil : fz;kzp ehis ghlk; gog;ghs;.
3. khLfs; ,g;bghGJ g[y; nka[k;.
tpil : khLfs; ,g;bghGJ g[y; nka;fpwJ.
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4. Mrphpah; ehis rpWnjh;t[ elj;jpdhh;.

tpil : Mrphpah; ehis rpWnjh;t[ elj;Jthh;.
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5. eh=;fs; new;Wf; flw;fiuf;Fr; bry;fpnwhk;.

tpil : eh=;fs; new;Wf; flw;fiuf;Fr; brd;nwhk;.
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bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJf.

gaz=;fspd; gytif
7
Kd;Diu ? gazj;jpd; njit ? jiutHpg;gazk; ? fly;tHpg;gazk; ? thd;tHptHpg;
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gazk; ? Kot[iu
Kd;Diu :
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gazk; vd;gJ r=;ffhyk; Kjy; epfH;e;J tUfpd;wJ. eilgazkhfj; bjhl=;fpa

gazj; njhw;wk; mwptpay; tsh;r;rpahy; ,d;W gy;ntW khWjy;fSf;F cs;shfp
,Uf;fpd;wJ. gaz neuk; ,d;W kpft[k; RU=;fptpl;lJ.
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.i
421
124 ` f=;fh `
al
gazj;jpd; njit :
kdpjd; jd;Dila mog;gilj; njitfSf;fht[k;/ gz;lkhw;W Kiwf;fhft[k;/
bghUl;fis th=;ft[k; tpw;ft[k; re;ijg;gLj;jt[k;. jk; cwtpdh; kw;Wk; ez;gh;fisj;
ad
bjhlh;g[ bfhs;tjw;Fk;/ kUj;Jtj; njitf;fhft[k; gazj;jpd; njit Vw;gl;lJ.
gazj;jpd; jd;ikf; nfw;g jiutHpg;gazk;/ fly;tHpg;gazk;/ thd;tHptHpg;
gazk; vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
jiu tHpg;gazk; :
ik
gH=;fhyk; Kjy; jiutHpg;gaznk mjpfkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
eilgazkhfnt Muk;g fhy fl;lj;jpy; gazk; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ.khl;L
tz;o/ Fjpiu tz;oapd; @yk; eilbgw;w jiutHpg; gazk;. gpd;dh; mwptpay;
v
tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf kpjptz;o/ kfpH;t[e;J/ ngUe;J/ ruf;Fe;J/ bjhlh;tz;o
Mfpait @yk; jiutHpg;gazk; tpiuthf nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
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fly;tHpg;gazk; :
al
fg;gy; nghd;wtw;wpy; fly;tHpahfr; bry;Yk; gazk; fly;tHpg;gazk; MFk;.
flypd; mHiff; fz;L kfpHt[k;/ fly; thH; caphpd=;fisg; ghh;f;ft[k;/ fly;
.k
kp jPt[fspd; ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfis fz;L kfpHt[k; fly;tHpg; gaznk rpwe;jJ. jPt[fs;
kw;Wk; btF bjhiyt[ ehLfSf;Fg; bghUl;fis mDg;gt[k; / may; ehLfSf;F
H; tzpfk; bra;at[k; fly;tHpg;gazk; gad;gl;lJ.

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thd; tHpg;gazk; :
tpkhdk; cs;spl;l thfd=;fs; @yk; thd;tHpapy; gazk; nkw;bfhs;tJ
thd;tHpg;gazk; MFk;.jiu kw;Wk; fg;gy; tHp gaz=;fistplr; rpwe;jJ
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thd;tHpg;gazk;. gy ehl;fs; bry;y ntz;oa gazj;ij xUrpy kzp

neu=;fspnyna bry;yyhk;.mjptpiut[f;F Vw;wJ thd;tHpg; gazk;.
Kot[iu :
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gazk; bra;tjpy; ghJfhg;ghd Kiwfis mwpe;J gad;gLtJ gazpfshfpa
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ek; flikahFk;.gazj;jpy; tPz; tpisahl;Lf;fisj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;.
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tt
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.i
` f=;fh ` 125
al
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
FWf;;bfGj;Jg; g[jph;.
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gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fSf;F ,izahd jkpH;r; brhw;fis mwpnthk;.
1 j e; ij 2 m wp 3 tp a y;
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13 t yp 14 x 15 k k;
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,lkpUe;J tyk; tykpUe;J ,lk;
1. mr;rhd; ? je;ij 6. mghak; ?,lh;
2. tp+;+hdk;? mwptpay; 8. njfk; ? cly;
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4. guPl;ir ? njh;t[ 13. rhpj;jpuk; ? tuyhW

10. yl;rpak; ? ,yf;F 14. rj;jk; ? xyp
nkypUe;J fPH; fPHpUe;J nky;
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1. mjpgu; ? jiyth; 5. Mjp ? Kjy;

3. Mr;rupak; ? tpag;g[ 9. cj;jut[ ? fl;lis
7. Muk;gk; ? bjhlf;fk; 11. jpdk; ?ehs;
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12. rjk; ? E}W 15. re;njhrk; ? kfpH;r;rp

Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L `kh~ vd;Dk; vGj;jpy; bjhl=;Fk; brhw;fisf; fz;lwpe;J
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fl;l=;fis epug;g[f.
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1. Kf;fdpfSs; xd;W kh
2. fjputd; kiwa[k; neuk; kh iy

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3. bgUe;jpushd kf;fs; Tl;lk; kh eh L

4. vGj;Jfis xypf;Fk; fhymst[ kh j; jp iu
5. mstpy; bghpa efuk; kh e f u k;
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.i
621
126 ` f=;fh `
al
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf..
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
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fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; ? Light house bgU=;fly; ? Ocean
fg;gy; bjhHpy; El;gk; ? Marine technology fly;thH; caphpdk; ? Marine creature
ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy; ? Submarine JiwKfk; ? Harbour
g[ay; ? Storm khYkp ? Sailor
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e=;Tuk; ? Anchor fg;gy; jsk; ? Shipyard
vav
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
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,ay; ? xd;W
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1. ntah khlk; vdg;gLtJ ______.
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rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 4x1=4
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kp ,) Xiyahy; ntag;gLtJ <) Jzpahy; @lg;gLtJ
H; 2. kf;fs; ______ Vwp btspehLfSf;Fr; brd;wdh;.

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m) flypy; M) fhw;wpy; ,) fHdpapy; <) t=;fj;jpy;

3. g[yhy; ehw;wk; cilajhf mfehD}W TWtJ
m) fhw;W M) ehtha; ,) fly; <) kzy;
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4. tlbkhHp vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; bkhHp ______.

m) kiyahsk; M) fd;dlk; ,) rk!;fpUjk; <) bjY=;F
w

5. ehtha; Xl;ofSf;Ff; fhw;W vt;thW Jizbra;fpwJ>
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7. ,aw;brhy;ypd; ehd;F tiffs; ahit>

x .2rpW
3III = 6tpil jUf.
8. fy=;fiu tpsf;fk; gw;wpg; bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil TWk; fUj;Jfs; ahit>
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9. gz;ilj; jkpHhpd; fg;gy; brYj;Jk; Kiw gw;wpf; TWf.

10. `thdk; Cd;wpa ...~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; fy=;fiu tpsf;fg; ghly;.
vav
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.i
` f=;fh ` 127
al
,ay;
2 ftpijg;
ngiH
,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp
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,aw;bgau; ? Rg;g[uj;jpdk;
bgw;nwhu; ? je;ij ? fdfrig/ jha; ? ,yf;Fkp
gpwg;g[ ? 1891 Vg;gpuy; 29k; ehs;/ g[Jit
ik
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rpwg;g[g; bgau; ? ghujpjhrd;/ ghnte;ju;/ g[ul;rpf; ftp
gilg;g[fs; ? FLk;g tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l tPL/ jkpHpaf;fk;/
gzp
ghz;oad; gupR/ mHfpd; rphpg;g[ Kjypad.
? g[Jit murpdh; fy;Y}upapy; nguhrpupau; gzp U
v
vd;fij/ r=;bfhyp
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
vj;jdpf;Fk; ? KaYk;
al Japd;wpUe;jhh;? cw=;fpapUe;jhh; k;
2
btw;g[ ? kiy ftp ? ftpij/ ghly;
.k
fHdp ? tay; rpj;jpuk; ? Xtpak;
epfh; ? rkk; epfh; ? rkk;/ nghy
ghpjp ? fjputd; ,d;dy; ? Jd;gk;
w
md;dnjhh; ? mg;go xU Mtp ? caph;

fhh;Kfpy; ? kiHnkfk;
w

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1. bgz;fSf;F epfuhfg; ghujpjhrd; TWtJ _______
7
m) kapy; M) Fapy; ,) fpsp <) md;dk; [tpil : m]
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2. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; `kiy~iaf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy

m) btw;g[ M) fhL ,) fHdp <) g[tp [tpil : m]
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3. `VblLj;njd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) Vnl + njd; M) Vl;L + vLj;njd;
,) VL + vLj;njd; <) V + blLj;njd; [tpil : ,]
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.i
821
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4. `Japd;wpUe;jhh;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) Japd;W + ,Ue;jhh; M) Japy; + ,Ue;jhh;
,) Japd;wp + ,Ue;jhh; <) Japd; + ,Ue;jhh; [tpil : m]
ad
5. vd;W + ciuf;Fk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) vd;Wciuf;Fk; M) vd;wpiuf;Fk;
,) vd;wiuf;Fk; <) vd;Wiuf;Fk; [tpil : <]
ik
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
1. fHdp ? fjputd; 1. fHdp ? tay;
v
2. epfh; ? nkfk; 2. epfh; ? rkk;
j FW tpdh
3. ghpjp ? rkk;
4. Kfpy; ? tay; al3. ghpjp ? fjputd;
4. Kfpy; ? nkfk;
.k
kp 1. ghujpjhrdpd; kdijf; ftu Kad;w ,aw;ifg; bghUs;fs; ahit>
 thdk;  ePnuhil  jhkiu  fhL  tay;
H;  nkfk;  bjd;wy;  kapy;  md;dk;  fjputd;

w
2. jkpH; bkhHpf;fy;tp gapy;tjhy; cz;lhFk; ed;ikfs; vitbadg; ghujpjhrd;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;>
- jkpH;ehl;L kf;fspd; mwpahik J}f;fk; fisa[k;/
w
- thH;tpy; Jd;g=;fs; eP=;Fk;/

- e+;rpy; J}a;ik cz;lhFk;/ tPuk; tUk;.
w
? Mfpatw;iwj; jkpH; bkhHpf;fy;tp gapy;tjhy; cz;lhFk; ed;ikfshfg;

ghujpjhrd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
7
rpW tpdh
://
1. `,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp~ ? ghlypd; ikaf;fUj;ij Ek; brhe;j eilapy; vGJf.

ghujpjhrd; ftpij vGj Vl;oid vLj;jhh;. thdk; jd;idf; ftpijahf
vGJk;gof; TwpaJ. ePnuhil/ jhkiu/ fhL/ tay;/ nkfk; Mfpad mtiuf;
ps
fth;e;J j=;fisf; ftpij vGJk;go mthplk; ntz;oaJ.kapy; nghd;w bgz;fs;

md;igf; ftpijahf vGJk;gof; Twpdh;. bjd;wy;/ kapy;/ md;dk;/ fjputd;. tPuh;fs;
Mfpadt[k; mthplk; ftpij vGj ntz;od.
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Mdhy; Jd;gj;jpy; fplf;Fk; jkpH;ehl;L kf;fs; mwpahikapy; J}=;fpf; bfhz;L
,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. mjid eP=;f ,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp fw;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;j epiy
Vw;gl;lhy; thH;tpy; Jd;gk; eP=;Fk;. kdjpy; J}a;ik cz;lhFk;. tPuk; tUk;.
ad
rpe;jid tpdh
1. jkpH;; bkhHpf;fy;tp gapy;tjhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfshf eP=;fs; fUJtdtw;iwj;
bjhFj;J vGJf.
- vspjpy; bghUs; tps=;fp ed;F ghlg;g[hpjy; Vw;gLk;.
ik
- gHe;jkpH; fiy/ gz;ghL/ kug[ Mfpad fhf;fg;gLk;.
g
- bjhd;ikiaa[k; tuyhw;iwa[k; ed;F czuyhk;.
U
v
- tpGkpa jkpH;r;rpe;jidfis mwpayhk;.
TLjy; tpdh t
al
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. k;
2
1. ghujpjhrdpd; rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ bgw;w E}y;
.k
m) ghz;oad; ghpR M) mHfpd; rphpg;g[
,) gprpuhe;ijahh; <) FLk;gtpsf;F [tpil : ,]
w
2. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws;`fjputid~f; Fwpf;Fk; brhy;

m) epfh; M) ghpjp ,) Kfpy; <) fHdp [tpil : M]
3. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws;`nkfk;~ vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy;

w
m) epfh; M) ghpjp ,) Kfpy; <) fHdp [tpil : ,]
4. tPuh;fspd; njhs;fSf;F epfuhfg; ghujpjhrd; TWtJ

m) kapy; M) nkfk; ,) jhkiu <) kiy [tpil : <]
w
5. gRikahd njhifis cilaJ ??????
7
m) jhkiu M) bgz;fs; ,) kapy; <) nrhiy [tpil : ,]
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FW tpdh
1. vd;idf; ftpijahf vGJf vd;W ghujpjhrdplk; Kjypy; TwpaJ vJ>
ps
thdk;/ jd;idf; ftpijahf vGJf vd;W ghujpjhrdplk; Kjypy; TwpaJ.
2. ghujpjhrdplk; ftp Xtpakhfj; j=;fisj; jPl;LkhW Twpait vit>

 ePnuhil  jhkiu kyh;fs;
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3. bgz;fs; vjidf; ftpijahf vGjr; brhd;ddh;>
bgz;fs; md;gpidf;; ftpijahf vGjr; brhd;ddh;.
4. ghujpjhrdplk; nty; Ve;jpa tPuh;fs; vjid vGJkhW ntz;odh;>
ad
ghujpjhrdplk; nty; Ve;jpa tPuh;fs; kiy nghd;w j=;fspd; njhs;fspd; mHif
vGJkhW ntz;odh;.
5. ghujpjhrd; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>
FLk;g tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l tPL/ jkpHpaf;fk;/ ghz;oad; gupR/ mHfpd; rphpg;g[.
ik
rpW tpdh
1. ghujpjhrd; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
,aw;bgau; ? Rg;g[uj;jpdk;
v
bgw;nwhu; ? je;ij ? fdfrig/ jha; ? ,yf;Fkp
j
gpwg;g[
rpwg;g[g; bgau;
gilg;g[fs;
al
? 1891 Vg;gpuy; 29k; ehs;/ g[Jit
? ghujpjhrd;/ ghnte;ju;/ g[ul;rpf;ftp.
? FLk;g tpsf;F/ ,Uz;l tPL/ jkpHpaf;fk;/ ghz;oad; gupR/
mHfpd; rphpg;g[ Kjypad.
.k
kp gzp ? g[Jit murpdh; fy;Y}upapy; nguhrpupau; gzp
H; fw;git fw;wgpd;
w
1. ,aw;iff;fhl;rp Fwpj;J ehd;F thpfspy; ftpij vGJf.

``g{kpj; jhna- gRik nghh;j;jpatns-
ePyf; flyha; my=;fhpj;jtns-
w
fjputd; fhl;rpapy;.... bghd; jflhdtns-

cd;dUk; tsj;jhy; ,d;Daph;fs; thH;fpd;wdnt-~~
2. `jha;bkhHp tHpf; fy;tpna rpwe;jJ~ vd;gij tFg;gpy; fye;JiuahLf.
w
M=;fy tHpf;fy;tp goj;jhy; kl;Lnk cau Koa[k; vd;bwz;zpf;

bfhz;oUg;nghnu- ftdpa[=;fs;. thH te;j M=;fpnyaiuf;Tl tpul;ondhk;.
7 Mdhy;/ M=;fpy bkhHpia tpul;lhky; mjd; kPJ nkhfk; bfhz;L mjd; tHpapy;
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fw;f miyfpd;nwhk;. ,J vg;go ,Uf;fpd;wJ bjhpa[kh> jd; jhiag; g[we;js;sptpl;L/

mayhk; jhiag; nghw;WtJ nghyj;jhd;. vy;yh tsKk; g[ije;Js;s bkhHp ek;
jha;bkhHp. mjd; tHpapnyna ehk; fy;tp bgWtJ rpwg;g[.xsitahUk; fk;gUk;
ps
nrf;!;gpaUk; fhe;jpaofSk; jhTUk; vg;gor; rpwe;jdh; bjhpa[kh> midtUk;

mtuth; jha;bkhHpahy; jhd; rpwe;jdh;. vdnt/ rpwe;j ek; jha;bkhHpapnyna fy;tp
bgWnthk;.
vav
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,ay;
2 ftpijg;
ngiH
mHpahr; bry;tk;
ad
kdg;ghlg; ghly;
itg;g[Hpf; nfhl;glh thaj;;jPapw; nfoy;iy
ik
kpf;f rpwg;gpd; murh; brwpd;ty;thh;
vr;rk; vdbthUtd; kf;fl; bra;td
g
tpr;irkw;W my;y gpw. U
v
E}y; : ehyoahh;
t
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
al
Mrphpah; : rkzKdpth;
k;
2
.k
itg;g[Hp ? bghUs; nrkpj;J itf;Fkplk;
nfhl;glh ? xUtuhy; bfhs;sg;glhJ
tha;j;J <apy; ? tha;f;Fk; go bfhLj;jYk;
w
tpr;ir ? fy;tp

w

1. xUth; jk; FHe;ijfSf;Fr; nrh;j;J itf;f ntz;oa bry;tk; _______
w
m) tPL M) fy;tp
,) bghUs; <) mzpfyd; [tpil : M]
7
://
2. fy;tpiag; nghy; _______ bry;yhj bry;tk; ntwpy;iy.

m) tpiyapy;yhj M) nfoy;yhj
,) cah;tpy;yhj <) jtwpy;yhj [tpil : m]
ps
3. `tha;j;jPapd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ _______

m) tha;j;J + <apd; M) tha; + jPapd;
,) tha;j;J + jPapd; <) tha; + <aPd; [tpil : m]
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4. `nfoy;iy~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) nfo + ,y;iy M) nf + ,y;iy
,) nfs;tp + ,y;iy <) nfL + ,y;iy [tpil : <]
ad
5. vtd; + xUtd; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _______
m) vtd;xUtd; M) vtd;bdhUtd;
,) vtbdhUtd; <) Vd;bdhUtd; [tpil : ,]
ik
FWtpdh
1. fy;tpr; bry;tj;jpd; ,ay;g[fshfp ehyoahh; TWk; bra;jpfis vGJf.
fy;tpiag; bghUs; nghy itj;jpUg;gpDk; gpwuhy; bfhs;sg;glhJ. bfhLj;jhYk;
v
FiwahJ/ muruhy; ftu KoahJ.
rpWtpdh
j
1. al
fy;tpr;bry;tk; Fwpj;j ehyoahh; TWk; fUj;Jfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
fy;tpiag; bghUs; nghyf; Ftpj;J itj;jhYk; gpwuhy; bfhs;sg;glhJ.
xUtw;Ff; bfhLj;jjYk; FiwahJ. muruhYk; ftu KoahJ.Mjyhy; xUth; jk;
.k
FHe;ijfSf;Fr; nrh;j;J itf;fntz;oa bry;tk; fy;tpna MFk;. kw;wit bry;tk;
kp MfhJ.
H; rpe;jid tpdh
w
1. fy;tpr;bry;tk; mHpahj bry;tk; vdg;gLtJ Vd;> ? rpe;jpj;J vGJf.

1. ePh;/ beUg;g[ Mfpatw;why; fy;tp mHpahJ.
2. jpUlh;fshy; fy;tpiaj; jpUlKoahJ.
w
3. fy;tpia kw;wth;fSf;Fr; brhy;ypf; bfhLj;jhYk; FiwahJ.

? vdnt/ gpw bry;t=;fs; mHpa[k;. Mdhy;fy;tpr; bry;tk; mHpahjJ MFk;.
TLjy; tpdh
w
7 1. rkzKdpth; gyuhy; vGjg;gl;l E}y; _______

://
M] m) jpUf;Fws; M) ehyoahh; ,) gHbkhHp <) jphpfLfk;

2. ehyoahh; _______ E}y;fSs; xd;W.
ps
m) vl;Lj;bjhif M) gj;Jg;ghl;L
,) gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F <) gjpbdz;nky;fzf;F [tpil : ,]
3. ntshz; ntjk; vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; E}y; _______
m) jpUf;Fws; M) ehyoahh; ,) gHbkhHp <) jphpfLfk; [tpil : M]
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4. jpUf;FwSf;F ,izahf itj;Jg; nghw;wj; jf;f E}y; _______
m) jpUf;Fws; M) ehyoahh; ,) gHbkhHp <) jphpfLfk; [tpil : M]
ad
5. tpr;ir vd;gjd; bghUs; _______
m) fy;tp M) bghUs; ,) fst[ <) murh; [tpil : m]
rpWtpdh
1. ehyoahh; gw;wp ePtph; mwptd ahit>
ik
- rkz Kdpth; gyuhy; vGjg;gl;l E}y; ehyoahh;.
- ehyoahh; gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W. g
- 400 btz;ghf;fshy; MdJ.
U
v
- mwk;/ bghUs;/ ,d;gk; vd;w Kg;ghy; gFg;g[ bfhz;lJ.
- ,J ehyo ehD}W/ ntshz; ntjk; vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gLk; E}y;.
t
fw;git fw;wgpd;
al
- jpUf;FwSf;F ,izahf itj;Jg; nghw;wj; jf;f E}y; MFk;.
k;
1. fy;tpapd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Fk; gpw ghly;fisj; jpul;o vGJf.
2
.k
1. XJtJ xHpnay;- ? xsitahh;
2. fy;tpf;F mHF frlw bkhHpjy; ? mjptPuuhk ghz;oad;
3. clypd; rpWikfz; blhz;gpyth; fy;tpf;
w
flypd; bgUik flthh;. ? ed;bdwp

4. nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F
khly;y kw;iw ait. ? jpUf;Fws;
w
2. fy;tpapd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Fk; fij xd;wpid mwpe;J tFg;giwapy; TWf.

,U murh;fSf;F ,ilna ga=;fug; nghh; elf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; njhy;tpa[w;w kd;dd;
btw;wp bgw;w kd;dhy; ifJ bra;ag;gLfpd;whd;.njhy;tpa[w;w kd;dd; muritapy;
w
epWj;jg;gLfpd;whd;. btw;wp bgw;w kd;dh; cdf;Fj; J}f;F jz;lid cd; filrp

Mir vd;d> vd;W nfl;fpd;whh;. mjw;F njhw;w kd;dh; fz;zhog; ghj;jpuj;jpy;
7
gUf ePh; ntz;Lk; vd;whh;. mjd; go kd;dh; Mizapl/ gzpahs; jz;zPiuf;
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bfhLj;jhh;.
mijf; Fof;fhky; njhw;w kd;dd; ja=;Ffpd;whd;. nkYk; ,ijf; Fog;gjw;Fs;
cd; tPuh;fs; bfhd;W tpLthh;fnsh vd;W gakhf cs;sJ vd;whh;. ,e;j ePiuf; Fof;Fk;
ps
tiu cd;idf; bfhy;y khl;nlhk; vd;whh;. fz;zhog; ghj;jpuj;ij cilj;J/

me;jj; jz;zPiu vLj;Jj; jhU=;fs; Fof;fpd;nwd; vd;whh;. kd;dh; fy;tpahy; te;j
Ez;zwpt[ fz;L mk;kd;did tpLjiy bra;J kPz;Lk; ehl;ilf; bfhLj;jhd;.
vav
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,ay;
2 ciueil
cyfk;
thH;tpf;Fk; fy;tp
ad
ik
1. fhyj;jpd; mUikiaf; TWk; jpUf;Fws; mjpfhuk; _______
m) fy;tp M) fhyk; mwpjy;
,) tpidawpjy; <) koapd;ik [tpil : M]
v
2. fy;tpapy;yhj ehL _______ tPL.
m) tpsf;fpy;yhj M) bghUspy;yhj
j 3.
,) fjtpy;yhj al <) thrypy;yhj
`gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;~ vd;W ghoath; _______
[tpil : m]
.k
m) jpUf;Fwshh; M) jpUts;Sth;
kp ,) ghujpahh; <) ghujpjhrd; [tpil : ,]
H; 4. `cah;tilnthk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

w
m) cah; + tilnthk; M) cah; + milnthk;

,) cah;t[ + tilnthk; <) cah;t[ + milnthk; [tpil : <]
w
5. ,it + vy;yhk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) ,itvy;yhk; M) ,itbay;yhk;
,) ,Jbay;yhk; <) ,tbay;yhk; [tpil : M]
w
brhw;bwhlhpy; mikj;J vGJf.

1. bry;tk; ? fy;tpr;bry;tk; vd;Wk; mHpahjJ.
7 2. ,sikg;gUtk; ? ,sikg;gUtk; fy;tpf;F chpa gUtk; MFk;.

://
Lk;. 3. njh;e;bjLj;J ? ey;y E}y;fisj;

FW tpdh
ps
1. kdpjg; gpwtpf;Fk; gpw caphpd=;fSf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>

vjph;fhyj;jpy; gpw caphpd=;fs; vd;dthFk; vd;gijr;brhy;y Koa[k;. Mdhy;/
kdpjg; gpwtpapd; vjph;fhyj;ijf; Twnt KoahJ. ,Jnt kdpjg; gpwtpf;Fk; gpw
caphpd=;fSf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL MFk;.
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2. fy;tp mwpt[ ,y;yhjth;fs; gw;wp ts;Sth; TWtJ ahJ>
fy;tp mwpt[ ,y;yhjth;fs; tpy=;Ffs; vd;W ts;Sth; TWfpd;whh;.
3. E}y;fis vt;thW gof;f ntz;Lk;>
ad
gof;f ntz;oa E}y;fis ed;F MH;e;J /Muha;e;J njh;e;bjLj;Jg; gof;f
ntz;Lk;.
rpW tpdh
ik
1. fy;tpna mHpahj bry;tk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
- cyfpy; vy;yhr; bry;t=;fSk; mHpe;JtpLk;. g
- ,UgJ ,Ugj;ije;jhz;Lf;F Kd; ,=;F ,Ue;j Mykuk; v=;nf vd;why; g[aypy;
U
v
tpGe;Jtpl;lJ vd;nghk;.
- ,=;fpUe;j bghpa fl;llk; v=;nf vd;why;/ kiHahy; ,oe;J tpl;lJ vd;gh;.
t
al
- 10 Mz;Lf;F Kd; 2 ,yl;rk; qgha; itj;jpUe;jth;. ,d;W ,uz;L qgha; fld;
nfl;fpwhh; vd;nghk;.
? vy;yhk; mHpa[k;. Mdhy; fy;tp mg;goad;W. 10 Mz;Lf;F Kd;dh; gl;lk;
k;
2
.k
bgw;wth; ,d;W 10k; tFg;g[ Mfptpl;lhh; vd;W brhy;y KoahJ. Vbdd;why;
fy;tp mHpahjJ. ts;StUk; ~~nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp .....~~ vd;fpd;whh;.
2. fy;tpiaa[k; tpsf;ifa[k; jpUf;Fwshh; vt;thW xg;gpLfpwhh;>
w
fy;tp Xh; xsptpsf;F. ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij xspkak; Mf;Fk;. mjDila Fwpg;g[

vd;dbtd;why; xUtd; fw;Wtpl;lhy;/ mg;gog; gyUf;Fk; xsp jUtJ jhd; fy;tp.
fy;tp ,y;yhj ehL tpsf;fpy;yhj tPL. tpsf;fpy;yhj tPl;oy; ahh; FoapUg;ghh;fs;> tPL
,Ul;lhf ,Uf;Fk;. mJnghy; fy;tp ,y;yhj FLk;gj;ij ahUk; kjpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;.
w
rpe;jid tpdh
1. ey;y E}ypd; ,ay;g[fshf eP=;fs; fUJtd ahit>
w
- cz;ikg; bghUis tpsf;f ntz;Lk;.

- ed;bdwpg; ghij fhl;l ntz;Lk;.
7
- midtUf;Fk; vspjpy; g[hpa[k; tz;zk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
://
- vspik/ bjspt[ Mfpait bfhz;l eilapy; ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;.

? Mfpad ey;y E}ypd; ,ay;g[fshf ehd; fUJtd MFk;.
ps
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TLjy; tpdh
ad
1. jpUf;Fwsdhh; vd;W miHf;fg;gLgth; _______
m) tP.Kdprhkp M) K.t ,) jpU.tp.f <) ftpkzp [tpil : m]
2. ts;Sth; cs;sk;/ ts;Sth; fhl;oa tHp/ jpUf;Fwspy; eifr;Rit cs;spl;l E}
y;fis vGjpath; _______
ik
m) tP.Kdprhkp M) K.t ,) jpU.tp.f <) ftpkzp [tpil : m]
3. cyfpy; kpft[k; mUikahdJ _______
v
m) fhyk; M) fy;tp ,) bghUs; <) bry;tk; [tpil : m]
4. _______ Xh; xsp tpsf;F.
j 5.
m) fhyk; M) fy;tp
al ,) bghUs;
ed;wpd;ghy; ca;g;gJ mwpt[ ? vd;W Twpath; _______
m) tP.Kdprhkp M) jpUts;Sth;
<) bry;tk; [tpil : m]
.k
kp ,) jpU.tp.f <) ftpkzp [tpil : M]
H; FWtpdh
w
1. jpUf;Fwshh; tP.Kdprhkp ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>

- ts;Sth; cs;sk;
- ts;Sth; fhl;oa tHp
w
- jpUf;Fwspy; eifr;Rit
2. kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; MH;e;J goj;jhy; jhd; bghUs; tps=;Fk; vd;gjw;F jpUf;Fwsdhh;
TWk; xg;g[ik ahJ>
w
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; MH;e;J goj;jhy; jhd; bghUs; tps=;Fk; vd;gjw;F jpUf;Fwsdhh;

TWk; xg;g[ik fj;jhpf;fha; / thiHf;fha;/ fPiu ,it vy;yhk; g{kpf;F nky; tpisa[k;.
7 rpy kz;Qf;Fs;ns ,Uf;Fk; mij ehk; jhd; njhz;o vLf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.
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3. jpUf;Fwsdhhpd; g[fH;bgw;w E}y; vJ>

cyfg;bghJkiw jpUf;Fws; ciu tpsf;fk;
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4. gs;sp gw;wp ghujpahhpd; fUj;J ahJ>

ekJ vj;ph;fhyj;ij cUthf;Fk; gs;spf;Ff; nfhapy; vd;W bgah; itj;jhh; ghujpahh;.
mjdhy; jhd; ~~gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;~~ vd;whh;.
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` f=;fh ` 137
al
5. tpsf;fpy;yhj tPL vJ>
fy;tp ,y;yhj ehL tpsf;fpy;yhj tPL MFk;.
6. fy;tp mwpt[y;yhjth;fis kpFjpahf Fiw Twpath; ahh;>
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jpUts;Stnu fy;tp mwpt[y;yhjth;fis kpFjpahf Fiw Twpath; Mthh;.
7. vit mHpa[k; vd;gjw;Fj; jpUf;Fwsdhh; TWk; ctikfs; vit>
 Mykuk;  bghpa fl;llk;  ,uz;L ,yl;r qgha; gzk;
ik
fw;git fw;wgpd;
g
1. fy;tp bjhlh;ghd ghly; thpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
U
v
(v.fh.) fy;tp fiuapy/ fw;gth; ehs; rpy.
1. ,sikapy; fy;.
t
2. nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp.
3. fw;f frlw.
al k;
2
4. XJtJ xHpnay;-
.k
5. fy;tpf;F mHF frlw bkhHpjy;
6. clypd; rpWikfz; blhz;gpyth; fy;tpf;
w
7. flypd; bgUik flthh;.

vav
w
xU thp jkpH;g; bghd;bkhHpfs
16. kdJf;Fg; gapw;rp thrpg;g[.

w
17. gog;g[ jhd; cau tHp.
7
18. thrpg;g[ mUikahd Urp / mijj; jpdk; Ritf;fg; gHF.
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19. mwpt[ xd;W jhd; mr;rj;ij Kwpf;Fk; kUe;J.
20. Jd;gj;jpw;fhd kUe;J mikjp.

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vav
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831
138 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay;
2 tphpthdk; gs;sp kWjpwg;g[
ad
Rg;ughujpkzpad;
FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw xHpg;g[/ ,aw;if ts=;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;
Mfpa fUj;Jfis ikakhf itj;J jk; gilg;g[fisg; gilg;gth;.
ik
fdt[ vd;Dk; ,jiH elj;jp tUgth;.
gilg;g[fs; : gpd;dy;/ ntl;il/ jz;zPh; a[j;jk;/ g[j;Jkz;/ fij
brhy;Yk; fiy Kjypad.
v
j
al
kjpthzd; gs;spf;Fr; bry;y KobtLj;j epfH;itr; RUf;fp vGJf.
(my;yJ)
`gs;sp kWjpwg;g[~ rpWfijapidr; RUf;fp vGJf.
.k
kp Kd;Diu
H;
Rg;ughujpkzpad; ,aw;wpa `gs;sp kWjpwg;g[~ rpWfijapy; kjpthzd; gs;spf;Fr;
w
bry;y KobtLj;j epfH;itr; RUf;fkhff; fhz;nghk;.

kjpthzDk; ftpDk;
kjpthzDk; ftpDk; xnu tFg;gpy; gog;gth;fs;. nfhiltpLKiwapy;
w
xd;wiu khjk; ,UtUk; gpd;dyhil epWtdj;jpw;F ntiyf;Fr; brd;wdh;. gs;sp

kWjpwg;g[f;F ,uz;L ehl;fs; jhd; ,Ue;jJ. ntiyf;Fr; bry;tjw;fhf ,UtUk;
ngUe;J epWj;jj;jpy; epd;W bfhz;L ,Ue;jdh;. ftpd; jhd; kPz;Lk; gs;spf;Fg;
nghtjpy;iy. thuhthuk; rk;gsk;/ jpiug;glk; ghh;f;f fhR/ gnuhl;lh/ nghz;lh/
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tPl;oy; ahUk; jpl;Ltjpy;iy. ,e;j kfpH;r;rp nghJk; vd;whd;. kjpthzDk; rw;nw

FHk;gpdhd;.
7
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kjpthzdpd; rpe;jid
gof;fpd;w tajpy; ntiy njitah> kUj;Jth;/ bghwpahsh;/ btspehl;L ntiy
vd;W kjpthzd; cs;Sk; fdt[fs; ,Ue;jd. bjhHpyhspahfnt filrp tiuf;Fk;
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,Uf;f ntz;Lkh vd;gij ed;F rpe;jpj;jhd;. vjphpy; ,Ue;j tpsk;gug; gyifapy;

mk;ngj;fUk; mg;Jy; fyhKk; bjd;gl;ldh;. ,tiug; nghy cau ntz;Lk; vd;why;
gog;g[ njit vd;gij ed;F czh;e;jhd;.
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` f=;fh ` 139
al
gof;fhjthpd; epiy
ngUe;J epWj;jj;jpy; Kjpath; xUth;. m=;fpUe;j rpWth;fsplk;/ ,e;jg; ngUe;J
ey;Y}h; bry;Ykh> vdf; nfl;lhh;. mjw;F mth;fs; vJt[k; brhy;ytpy;iy. kPz;Lk;
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me;jg; bghpath; nfl;lhh;. rpWth;fs; v=;fSf;Fg; gof;fj; bjhpahJ vd;wdh;. ,J
Tlg; gof;fj; bjhpahjh vd;whh; bghpath;. mjw;F xUtd; Vd; c=;fSf;Fg; gof;fj;
bjhpahj vd;W nfl;L/ midtUk; rphpj;jdh;. kjpthzd; mthplk; ey;Y}h; ,J
nghfhJ. nghFk; ngUe;J tUk; nghJ brhy;fpd;nwd; vd;whd;.,ijbay;yhk; ghh;j;J
fy;tp jhd; jiyepkpur; bra;a[k; vd;gij czh;e;J/ gs;spia nehf;fp ele;jhd;
ik
kjpthzd;.
g
Kot[iu
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v
`Ìe;jpy; tisahjJ Ik;gjpy; tisahJ~~ vd;gijg; g[hpe;J bfhz;L ,sikapy;
kjpthzd; fy;tp fw;f tpUg;gk; bfhz;lhd;. ,d;W fpilf;Fk; gzj;ij tpl ehis
fpilf;Fk; kjpg;g[f;fhf ,d;nw fy;tp fw;f ntz;Lk;. t
fw;git fw;wgpd;
al k;
2
.k
1. gs;sp kWjpwg;g[ vd;Dk; fijia tFg;gpy; ehlfkhf eoj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
2. vGjg;gof;fj; bjhpahjth;fSf;F vt;thW cjt[tPh;fs; > tFg;gpy; fye;JiuahLf.
- vGjg;gof;fj; bjhpahjth;fSf;F vGjg;gof;fr; brhy;ypj; jUntd;.
w
- vGjg;gof;fj; bjhpahj xnu fhuzj;jpw;fhf/ jd;khdk; ,He;j epiy nghf;f

mth;fSf;F vGjg; gof;f fw;Wj; jUntd;.
vav
w
rpe;jidg;g[jph; tpilfs;
w
1. Mgj;J 2. fz;kzp 3. gl;L 4. gHdp
7
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140 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay; xbuGj;J xU bkhHp/ gFgjk;/
2 fw;fz;L
gfhg;gjk;
ad
ik
1. ed;D}ypd; go jkpHpYs;s XbuGj;J xUbkhHpfspd; vz;zpf;if _______
m) 40 M) 42 ,) 44 <) 46 [tpil : M]
2. `vGjpdhd;~ vd;gJ _______
v
m) bgah;g; gFgjk; M) tpidg;gFgjk;
j
3.
,) bgah;g; gfhg;gjk;
m) ehd;F M) Ie;J
al
bgah;g; gFgjk; _______ tifg;gLk;.
,) MW
<) tpidg; gfhg;gjk;
<) VG
[tpil : M]
[tpil : ,]
.k
kp 4. fhyj;ijf; fhl;Lk; gFgj cWg;g[ _______
m) gFjp M) tpFjp ,) ,ilepiy <) re;jp [tpil : ,]
H; bghUj;Jf.
w
tpdh : tpil :
1. bgah;g; gFgjk; ? thH;e;jhd; 1. bgah;g; gFgjk; ? bghpahh;
w
2. tpidg;gFgjk; ? kd; 2. tpidg;gFgjk; ? thH;e;jhd;

3. bgah;g; gfhg;gjk; ? edp 3. ,ilg; gfhg;gjk; ? kd;
4. tpidg; gfhg;gjk; ? bghpahh; 4. chpg; gfhg;gjk; ? edp
w
rhpahd gFgj cWg;ig vGJf.
7 nghths; ? ngh + t; + Ms; elf;fpd;whd; ? el + f; + fpd;W + Md;

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ngh
t; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy f; ? re;jp
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Ms; ? bgz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp fpd;W ? epfH;fhy ,ilepiy

Md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
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` f=;fh ` 141
al
gpd;tUk; brhw;fisg; gphpj;Jg; gFgj cWg;g[fis vGJf.
ghh;j;jhd; ? ghh; + j; + j; +Md; ghLthh; ? ghL + t; + Mh;
ad
ghh; ? gFjp ghL ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp t; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Mh; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
Md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
ik
FW tpdh
1. XbuGj;J xUbkhHp vd;why; vd;d>
g
Xh; vGj;nj bghUs; jUk; brhy;yhf miktJ XbuGj;J xUbkhHp MFk;. U
v
v.fh. g{
t
2.
3.
gjj;jpd; ,Utiffs; ahit>
al
gFgjk;/ gfhg;gjk; vd gjk; ,Utifg;gLk;.
gFgj cWg;g[fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk; > mit ahit>
k;
2
.k
gFgj cWg;g[fs; MW tifg;gLk;. mitahtd : gFjp/ tpFjp/ ,ilepiy/ re;jp/
rhhpia/ tpfhuk;.
rpW tpdh
w
1. tpFjp vtw;iwf; fhl;Lk;>

 jpiz  ghy;  Kw;W  vr;rk;
2. tpfhuk; vd;gJ ahJ> vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
w
gFjp/ tpFjp/ re;jp/ ,ilepiy Kjypatw;wpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; tpfhuk; vdg;gLk;.

(v.fh.) te;jdd; ? th(t) + j;(e;) + j; +md; +md;
w
th ? gFjp/ ,J `t~ vdf; FWfp ,Ug;gJ tpfhuk;.

j; ? re;jp/ ,J è;~ vdj; jphpe;J ,Ug;gJ tpfhuk;.
7
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
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md; ? rhhpia
md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
3. bgah;g;gFgjk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
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bgah;g;gFgjk; MW tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:

1. bgah;bgah;g;gFgjk; 2. ,lg;bgah;g;gFgjk; 3. fhyg;bgah;g;gFgjk;
4. rpidg;bgah;g;gFgjk; 5. gz;g[g;bgah;g;gFgjk; 6. bjhHpy;bgah;g;gFgjk;
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142 ` f=;fh `
al
TLjy; tpdh
ad
1. XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; cs;s Fwpy; brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if
m) xd;W M) ,uz;L ,) @d;W <) ehd;F [tpil : M]
2. gR vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ________
ik
m) M M) < ,) C <) V [tpil : m]
3. bfhL vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ________

m) M M) < ,) C <) V [tpil : M]
v
4. ,iwr;rp vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ________
m) M M) < ,) C <) V [tpil : ,]
j
5.
m) M M) <
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mk;g[ vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ________
,) C <) V [tpil : <]
.k
6. XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; cs;s beoy;brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if
kp m) 42 M) 40 ,) 43 <) 2 [tpil : M]
H; 7. ed;D}y; vd;w ,yf;fz E}iy vGjpath; ________

w
m) gtze;jp Kdpth; M) MWKf ehtyh;

,) bjhy;fhg;gpah; <) mfj;jpah; [tpil : m]
w
8. gFgj cWg;g[fspd; vz;zpf;if ________

m) 6 M) 2 ,) 5 <) 42 [tpil : m]
9. gfhg; gjj;jpd; tif ________

w
m) @d;W M) ehd;F ,) MW <) Ie;J [tpil : M]
7
bghUj;Jf.
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tpdh :
1. I ? nrhiy 1. I ? jiytd;
2. fh ? ,fH;r;rp 2. fh ? nrhiy
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3. T ? g{kp 3. T ? g{kp
4. rP ? jiytd; 4. rP ? ,fH;r;rp
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` f=;fh ` 143
al
FWtpdh
1. XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; cs;s Fwpy; brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ> mit
czh;j;Jk; bghUs; ahJ>
ad
beh/ J Mfpa ,uz;Lk; XbuGj;J xUbkhHpapy; cs;s Fwpy; brhw;fs; MFk;.
czh;j;Jk; bghUs; :
 beh ? neha;  J ? cz;
ik
2. gFgj=;fs; vd;why; vd;d>
rpW rpW cWg;g[fshfg; gphpf;Fk; tifapy; mika[k; brhw;fs; gFgj=;fs; MFk;. g
3. tpidg;gFgjk; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
U
v
gFgjkhf mika[k; tpidr;brhy; tpidg;gFgjk; MFk;.
rhd;W : cz;fpd;whd; ? cz; + fpd;W + Md; t
4. re;jp vd;gJ ahJ> al
gFjpf;Fk; ,ilepiyf;Fk; ,ilna ,lk;bgWk; bka;baGj;J re;jp MFk;.
k;
2
.k
5. rhhpia vd;gJ ahJ>
,ilepiyf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilna ,lk;bgWk; mirr;brhy; rhhpia MFk;.
rpW tpdh
w
1. ,yf;fz Kiwg;go brhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>

,yf;fz Kiwg;go brhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;. mitahtd:
w
1) bgah;r;brhy; 2) tpidr;brhy;
3) ,ilr;brhy; 4) chpr;brhy;
w
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk; bgw;w brhw;fspy; gFgjk; gfhg;gjk; Mfpatw;iwj; jdpj;jdpna
7
bjhFf;f.
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gFgjk; gfhg;gjk;
rpe;jpj;jhh;/ gilj;jhh;/ Fsph;e;j/ te;jJ/ thdk;/ fhl/ XL/ bjd;wy;/ kapy;/ VL/
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,uf;fj;ij/ vGJ=;fs;/ vGjpa[s;shh;. jhkiu/ tPuk;/ nty;

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441
144 ` f=;fh `
al
2. c=;fs; tFg;g[ khzt ? khztpfspd; bgah;fisg; gFgjk; / gfhg;gjk; vd
tifg;gLj;Jf.
gFgjk; gfhg;gjk;
ad
1. fUg;gz;zd; 1. fiy
2. fz;zd; 2. uhzp
3. vHpyd; 3. fyh
4. g{tHfd; 4. kyh;
ik
5. kyutd; 5. eFy;
6. bre;jpy;
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
v
fPH;f;fhQk; jiyg;gpy; ,uz;L epkpl=;fs; ngRf.
j
al fy;tpapd; rpwg;g[
tzf;fk;. fy;tpapd; rpwg;g[ gw;wp rpy epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;. ,sikapy; fy;/
nfoy; tpGr;bry;tk; fy;tp/ fy;tpf; fiuapy/ fw;gth; ehs; rpy/ fw;f frlw/ XJtJ
.k
xHpnay; Mfpad fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ijf; TWk; ghly; thpfshFk;. kdpjid
kp ntWgLj;JtJ mtd; fw;w fy;tpahy; jhd;. bghUis ,He;jhy; rk;ghjpf;fyhk;.

Mdhy; fy;tpia ,He;jhy; kPz;Lk; fw;f ,ayhJ. mjdhy; jhd; gUtj;nj gaph;
H; bra; vd;wdh;.fy;tp Xh; xsptpsf;F. ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij xspkak; Mf;Fk;. mjDila
w
Fwpg;g[ vd;dbtd;why; xUtd; fw;Wtpl;lhy;/ mg;gog; gyUf;Fk; xsp jUtJ

jhd; fy;tp. fy;tp ,y;yhj ehL tpsf;fpy;yhj tPL. tpsf;fpy;yhj tPl;oy; ahh;
FoapUg;ghh;fs;> tPL ,Ul;lhf ,Uf;Fk;. mJnghy; fy;tp ,y;yhj FLk;gj;ij
w
ahUk; kjpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;. fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ij czh;e;J fw;f ntz;Lk; .ed;wp.

FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw xHpg;g[
tzf;fk;. FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh; Kiw xHpg;g[ gw;wp vd;Dila fUj;Jfis
w
rpy epkpl=;fs; ngRfpd;nwd;. Xo tpisahl ntz;oa gUtj;jpy; ntiyf;Fr;

bry;tijf; fz;lhy; kdk; ntjid milfpd;wJ. ,sikapy; fy; vd;w xsitapd;
7
thf;F vd;dthdJ. bjhHpw;rhiyfspy; ntiy bra;a[k; FHe;ijfSf;Fr; rpWtajpy;
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,uj;jnrhif/ ,isg;g[/ fhr neha; Mfpad Vw;gLk;. gof;Fk; tajpy; rpWth;fis

ntiyf;F mkh;j;Jk; epWtd=;fs; kPJ fhty; Jiwapy; g[fhh; mspf;fyhk;. vy;yhf;
FHe;ijfSf;Fk; fl;lhaf; fy;tp vd;gJ btWk; Vl;lstpy; ,y;yhky; eil
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Kiwapy; bray;gLj;j ehk; nghuhl ntz;Lk;. ed;wp.

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` f=;fh ` 145
al
brhy;yf; nfl;L vGJf.
1. ,sikg; gUtj;jpnyna fy;tp fw;f ntz;Lk;.
2. fy;tpna mHpahj bry;tk;.
ad
3. fy;tp ,y;yhj ehL tpsf;F ,y;yhj tPL.
4. gs;spj; jyk; midj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;.
5. E}y;fis Muha;e;J MH;e;J gof;f ntz;Lk;.
ik
fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fis mWtifg; bgah;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.
ey;Y}h;/ til/ nfl;ly;/ Kfk;/ md;dk;/ brk;ik/ fhiy/ tUjy;/ njhif / ghujpjhrd;/ g
gs;sp/ ,wf;if/ bghpaJ/ nrhiy/ Ie;J kzp/ tpisahl;L/ g[jd;.
U
v
bghUs; ,lk; fhyk; rpid Fzk; bjhHpy;
til ey;Y}h; fhiy Kfk; brk;ik nfl;ly; t
md;dk;
ghujpjhrd;
gs;sp
nrhiy al
g[jd;
Ie;J kzp
njhif
,wf;if
bghpaJ tUjy;
tpisahl;L k;
2
.k
@tplk;
,lk; 3 tifg;gLk;. mit. 1. jd;ik 2. Kd;dpiy 3.glh;f;if
1. jd;idf; Fwpg;gJ jd;ik.
w
rhd;W : ehd;/ ehk;/ eh=;fs;/ vd;/ vk;/ v=;fs;.

2. Kd;dhy; ,Ug;gtiuf; Fwpg;gJ Kd;dpiy.
rhd;W : eP/ eP=;fs;/ ePh;/ ePtph;/ cd;/ c=;fs;.
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3. jd;ida[k/; Kd;dhy; ,Ug;gtiua[k; my;yhky; @d;whktiuf; Fwpg;gJ glh;fi

; f.
rhd;W : mtd;/ mts;/ mth;/ mth;fs;/ mJ/ mit/ ,td;/ mts;/ ,it.
w
rhpahd brhy;iyf; bfhz;L epug;g[f.

(mJ/ eP/ mth;fs;/ mitfs;/ mit/ ehk;/ vd;/ cd;)
7
1. cd; bgah; vd;d>
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2. ehk;; VHhk; tFg;g[ khzth;fs;.

3. mit vg;go XLk;.
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4. eP vd;d bra;J bfhz;oUf;fpwha;.

5. mth;fs; te;J bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.
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641
146 ` f=;fh `
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gpd;tUk; bjhlh;fspy; @tplg;bgah;fis mof;nfhoLf. mtw;iw tifg;gLj;Jf.
1. v=;fs; tPl;L eha;f;Fl;o XoaJ.
2. ,th;jhd; c=;fs; Mrphpah;.
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3. ePh; TWtJ vdf;Fg; g[hpatpy;iy.
4. vdf;F/ mJ te;jjh vd;W bjhpatpy;iy. ePna TW.
5. c=;fnshL ehDk; czt[ cz;zyhkh>
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jd;ik Kd;dpiy glh;f;if
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c=;fs; gFjpapy; E}yfk; xd;W mikj;Jj; ju ntz;o E}yf MizahsUf;Ff; fojk;
vGJf.
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kp mDg;g[eh;
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<nuhL.
bgWeh;
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bghJE}yfj; Jiw/
brd;id ? 600 002.
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kjpg;gpw;Fhpa Iah/
bghUs; : E}yfk; mikj;Jj; ju ntz;Ljy;.
7 tzf;fk;. v=;fs; ghujp efh; <nuhl;od; ikag; gFjpia xl;ona cs;sJ.

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,=;F Rkhh; 500 FLk;g=;fs; cs;sd. 3000 kf;fs; thH;fpd;wdh;. gs;sp/ fy;Y}hp
bry;nthh; kw;Wk; gl;ljhhp ,is+h;fs; 1000 ngh; cs;sdh;. bghGijg; gaDs;s
tifapy; fHpf;f v=;fs; gFjpapy; E}yfk; ,y;iy. mwpit tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;st[k;/
cyf elg;g[fis mwpat[k; v=;fshy; ,aytpy;iy.vdnt v=;fs; mwpt[f; fz;fisj;
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jpwf;f v=;fs; gFjpapy; E}yfk; mikj;Jj; jUkhW md;g[ld; ntz;Lfpd;nwhk;.

ed;wp gy.
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` f=;fh ` 147
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ciwnky; Kfthp
bgWeh;
Mizah; mth;fs;/
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bghJE}yfj; Jiw/
brd;id ? 600 002.
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
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1. fhiyapy; gs;sp kzp _______. tpil : xypf;Fk;

w
2. jpiug;gl=;fspy; tpy=;Ffs; _______ fhl;rp FHe;ijfSf;Fg; gpof;Fk;.

tpil : eof;Fk;
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3. fjputd; fhiyapy; fpHf;nf _______. tpil : cjpf;Fk;
f;Fk; 4. ehs;njhWk; bra;jpjj

; hs;
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Xh; vGj;Jr; brhw;fshy; epug;g[f.
1. _______ g[y; nka[k;. tpil : M
ad
2. _______ RLk;. tpil : jP
3. _______ ngRk;. tpil : if
4. _______ gwf;Fk;. tpil : <
5. _______ kzk; tPRk;. tpil : g{
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gpd;tUk; vGj;JfSf;Fg; bghUs; vGJf.
(v.fh) jh ? bfhL
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jP ?????????????? tpil :beUg;g[
gh ?????????????? tpil : ghly;
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ij ??????????????
it ??????????????
al tpil : ijj;jy;
tpil : g[y;
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ik ?????????????? tpil : m+;rdk;
kp gpd;tUk; brhw;fis ,UbghUs; jUkhW bjhlhpy; mikj;J vGJf.
H; MW/ tpsf;F/ go/ brhy;/ fy;/ khiy/ ,o

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(v.fh.)MW ? < MW fhy;fis cilaJ.

j+;rht{hpy; fhtphp MW gha;fpwJ.
1. tpsf;F ? ghlypd; bghUs; tps=;fpaJ.
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mfy; tpsf;iff; nfhtpypy; Vw;Wth;.

2. go ? thapw; goapy; mkuhnj-
,sikapnyna gof;f ntz;Lk;.
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3. brhy; ? @j;njhh; brhy; mKjk;.

j+;ir brhy;(bey;) tsk; kpFe;jJ.
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4. fy; ? fha;j;j kuk; fy; mogLk;.

,sikapy; fy;.
5. khiy ? khiyneuj;jpy; tpisahl ntz;Lk;.
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g{khiy bjhLj;jhs;.
6. ,o ? ,o kpd;dYld; kiH bga;jJ.
kuj;jpd; kPJ tz;o ,oj;Jtpl;lJ.
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` f=;fh ` 149
al
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf....
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
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nfhil tpLKiw ? Summer Vacation ePjp ? Moral
FHe;ijj; bjhHpyhsh; ? Child Labour rPUil ? Uniform
gl;lk; ? Degree tHpfhl;Ljy; ? Guidence
fy;tpawpt[ ? Literacy xGf;fk; ? Dicipline
ik
khjphp tpdhj;jhs; g
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH; ? gUtk; ? 2
,ay; ? ,uz;L U
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1. bgz;fSf;F epfuhfg; ghujpjhrd; TWtJ ________.
4x1=4 k;
2
.k
m) kapy; M) Fapy; ,) fpsp <) md;dk;
2. `tha;j;jPapd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ________.
m) tha;j;J + <apd; M) tha; + jPapd;
,) tha;j;J + jPapd; <) tha; + <aPd;
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3. `gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;~ vd;W ghoath; ________.

m) jpUf;Fwshh; M) jpUts;Sth; ,) ghujpahh; <) ghujpjhrd;
4. fhyj;ijf; fhl;Lk; gFgj cWg;g[ ________.
w
m) gFjp M) tpFjp ,) ,ilepiy <) re;jp

FW tpil jUf. 3x2=6
5. fy;tpr; bry;tj;jpd; ,ay;g[fshf ehyoahh; TWk; bra;jpfis vGJf.
w
6. jkpH; bkhHpf;fy;tp gapy;tjhy; cz;lhFk; ed;ikfs; vitbadg; ghujpjhrd;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;>
7.
7
gFgj cWg;g[fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
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rpW tpil jUf. 3x2=6

8. `,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp~ ? ghlypd; ikaf;fUj;ij Ek; brhe;j eilapy; vGJf.
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9. fy;tpiaa[k; tpsf;ifa[k; jpUf;Fwshh; vt;thW xg;gpLfpwhh;>

mogpwHhky; vGJf. 1x4=4
10. ìtg;g[Hpf;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ehyoahh; ghly;.
vav
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,ay;
3 ftpijg;
ngiH
xU ntz;Lnfhs;
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njdurd;
jkpHhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath;.
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thdk;gho/ bjd;wy;/ Fapy; Mfpa ,jH;fspy; ftpij vGjpa[s;shh;.
,tuJ ftpijfspy; rKjhar; rpf;fy;fs; vs;sy; RitnahL
btspg;gLk;.
gilg;g[fs; : kz;thry;/ bts;is nuh$h/ bga;J gHfpa nkfk;
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Kjypa ftpij E}y;fs;.
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
gpUk;khf;fs;
beo ? ehw;wk;
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? gilg;ghsh;fs; tdg;g[
g{hpg;g[
? mHF
? kfpH;r;rp
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kp kHiy ? FHe;ij nkdp ? cly;
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w

1. kapYk; khDk; tdj;jpw;F _______ jUfpd;wd.
w
m) fisg;g[ M) tdg;g[ ,) kiyg;g[ <) ciHg;g[ [tpil : M]

2. kpsfha; tw;wypd; _______ Jk;kiy tutiHf;Fk;.
m) beo M) fhl;rp ,) kzk; <) Xir [tpil : m]
w
3. md;id jhd; bgw;w _______ rphpg;gpy; kfpH;r;rp milfpwhh;.

m) j=;ifapd; M) jk;gpapd; ,) kHiyapd; <) fztdpd; [tpil : ,]
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4. `tdg;gpy;iy~ vd;;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) tdk;
,) tdg;g[ + apy;iy <) tdg; + gpy;iy [tpil : M]
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5. `thh;g;g[ + vdpy;~ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ _______

m) thh;g;vdpy; M) thh;g;gpdpy;
,) thh;g;bgdpy; <) thh;g[ vdpy; [tpil : ,]
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` f=;fh ` 151
al
eak; mwpf.
xnu vGj;jpnyh Xirapnyh Koa[k; ,iag[r;brhw;fisg; ghlypy; ,Ue;J vLj;J
vGJf.
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1. gpUk;khf;fns ? nrh;g;gth;fns
2. cilg;gtdpd; ? cHtdpd;
3. rpfu=;fsh ? miyfsh ? fhLfsh ? gs;sj;jhf;Ffsh ? njhl;l=;fsh
4. tdg;gpy;iy ? caph;g;gpy;iy
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FW tpdh g
1. jha;ikapd; Xtpaj;jpy; epiwe;jpUf;f ntz;oait>
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md;g[k; ghrKk; jha;ikapd; Xtpaj;jpy; epiwe;jpUf;f ntz;oait MFk;.
2. xU fiy vg;bghGJ caph;g;g[ilajhf mika[k;> t
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,aw;ifapd; tpe;ijj; njhw;w=;fs; vita[k; fiy totk; bgwyhk;. Mdhy; mjpy;
khDlg;gz;g[ fl;lhak; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. khDlk; ,y;yhj ve;j mHFk; mHfd;W. k;
2
kdpjd; fyf;fhj vjpYk; caph;g;gpy;iy.
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rpW tpdh
1. rpw;g=;fSk; Xtpa=;fSk; vt;thW mika ntz;Lk; vd;W ftp+h; TWfpwhh;>
- eP=;fs; ghiw cilg;gthpd; rpiyiar; brJf;fpdhy;/ mjpy; tpah;it ehw;wk; tPr
w
ntz;Lk;.
- cHthpd; cUt thh;g;ghf ,Ue;jhy;/ mjpy; <ukz;zpd; kzk; tPr ntz;Lk;.
w
- jhapd; kfpH;r;rpahd Xtpaj;ij tiue;jhy;/ mthpd; Kfj;jpy; md;g[k; ghrKk;

epiwe;J ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
- rpW FHe;ijapd; rpj;jpuj;ijj; jPl;odhy; mjd; ghy; kzk; fkH ntz;Lk;.
w
- My;g;!; kiyr; rpfu=;fs; cs;spl;l ,aw;ifapd; tpe;ijj; njhw;w=;fs; vita[k;

fiy totk; bgwyhk;. Mdhy; mjpy; khDlg;gz;g[ fl;lhak; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
7
khDlk; ,y;yhj ve;j mHFk; mHfd;W. kdpjd; fyf;fhj vjpYk; caph;g;gpy;iy.
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rpe;jid tpdh
1. eP=;fs; xU fiy+uhf ,Ue;jhy; vj;jifa gilg;g[fis cUthf;FtPh;fs;>
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ehd; xU Xtpaf;fiy+uhf ,Ue;jhy; capnuhl;lKs;s Xtpa=;fisa[k; kdpj

near; rpe;jidia btspg;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; kf;fs; tpHpg;gila tpHpg;g[zh;t[
Vw;gLj;Jk; Xtpa=;fisa[k; rKjha Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;fhd Xtpa=;fisa[k;
cUthf;Fntd;.
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251
152 ` f=;fh `
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TLjy; tpdh
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1. xU ntz;L nfhs; vd;Dk; ftpijia vGjpath; _______.
m) njdurd; M) fhsnkfg; g[yth;
,) Rujh <) Koaurd; [tpil : m]
2. eP=;fs; ghiw cilg;gthpd; rpiyiar; brJf;fpdhy;/ mjpy; _______ ehw;wk;
ik
tPrntz;Lk;.
m) <ukz; M) tpah;it ,) md;g[ <) ghy; kzk; [tpil : M]
3. cHthpd; cUt thh;g;ghf ,Ue;jhy;/ _______ mjpy; kzk; tPr ntz;Lk;.
v
m) <ukz; M) tpah;it ,) md;g[ <) ghy; kzk; [tpil : m]
j
4.
m) <ukz; M) tpah;it
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jhapd; kfpH;r;rpahd Xtpaj;ij tiue;jhy;/ mthpd; Kfj;jpy; ______ epiwe;jpUf;f
ntz;Lk;.
,) md;g[ ghrk; <) ghy; kzk; [tpil : ,]
.k
5. rpW FHe;ijapd; rpj;jpuj;ijj; jPl;odhy; mjd; _______ fkH ntz;Lk;.
kp m) <ukz; M) tpah;it ,) md;g[ ghrk; <) ghy; kzk; [tpil : <]
H; bghUj;Jf.
w
tpdh : tpil:
1. gpUk;khf;fs; ? mHF 1. gpUk;khf;fs; ? gilg;ghsh;fs;
w
2. beo ? kfpH;r;rp 2. beo ? ehw;wk;

3. tdg;g[ ? gilg;ghsh;fs; 3. tdg;g[ ? mHF
4. g{hpg;g[ ? ehw;wk; 4. g{hpg;g[ ? kfpH;r;rp
w
FW tpdh
7
1. njdurd; ftpijfs; vGjpa ,jH;fs; ahit>
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 thdk;gho  Fapy;  bjd;wy;

2. njdurd; vGjpa ftpij E}y;fs; ahit>
 kz;thry;  bts;is nuh$h  bga;J gHfpa nkfk;
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3. ,aw;ifapd; tpe;ijj; njhw;w=;fs; vd;W ftp+h; njdurd; Fwpg;gpLtd vit>

My;g;!; kiyr; rpfu=;fs;/ ml;yhz;of; bgU=;fly; miyfs;/ mnkrhd; fhLfs;/
gdpglh; gs;sj; jhf;Ffs;/ bjh=;Fk; njhl;l=;fs; Mfpad ,aw;ifapd; tpe;ijj;
njhw;w=;fs; vd;W ftp+h; njdurd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
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al
4. cHthpd; cUt thh;g;gpy;; epiwe;J ,Uf;f ntz;oait ahit>
cHthpd; cUt thh;g;ghf ,Ue;jhy;/ mjpy; <ukz;zpd; kzk; tPr ntz;Lk;.
5. rpW FHe;ijapd; rpj;jpuj;jpy; epiwe;J ,Uf;f ntz;oait ahit>
ad
rpW FHe;ijapd; rpj;jpuj;ijj; jPl;odhy; mjd; ghy; kzk; fkH ntz;Lk;.
6. xU ntz;Lnfhs; ftpij ,lk;bgWk; E}y; vJ> mjid vGjpath; ahh;>
xU ntz;Lnfhs; ftpij ,lk; bgWk; E}y; : bga;J gHfpa nkfk;. mjid
vGjpath; : ftp+h; njdurd;.
ik
rpW tpdh
1. ftp+h; njdurd; gw;wpf; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
g
- ftp+h; njdurd; jkpHhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath;. U
v
- thdk;gho/ bjd;wy;/ Fapy; Mfpa ,jH;fspy; ftpij vGjpa[s;shh;.
t
al
- ,tuJ ftpijfspy; rKjhar; rpf;fy;fs; vs;sy; RitnahL btspg;gLk;.
- gilg;g[fs; : kz;thry;/ bts;is nuh$h/ bga;J gHfpa nkfk; Kjypa ftpij
E}y;fs;.
k;
2
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fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j VnjDk; xU fiy gw;wpa jfty;fisj; jpul;Lf.
vdf;Fg; gpoj;j fiy rpyk;ghl;lf; fiy. ,J jkpHhpd; jw;fhg;g[f; fiy.
w
,t;tpisahl;ilf; fk;g[ Rw;Wjy; vd;gh;. ,J joiaf; ifahSk; Kiw. fhy

mirt[fs;/ cly; mirt[fs; @yk; jk;ikg; ghJfhj;Jf; bfhs;Sjy; vdg;
gy TWfisf;bfhz;lJ. rpyk;ghl;lj;jpy; vjpuhsp tPRk; fk;gpidj; jLj;jy;/
vjpuhspapd; cltpy; rpyk;g[f; fk;gpapdhy; bjhLjy; nghd;wd mog;gilahff;
w
bfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
2. ciHg;ghsh;fspd; bgUikiaf; TWk; ftpijfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
w
`èP=;fs; nrw;wpy; ``ciHg;ghspapd; ~~ciHg;ghspfns

fhy; itj;jjy; jhd; tpah;itna g{kpapd;
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eh=;fs; nrhw;wpy; ifitf;fKoa[k;~~ mKjk;~~ fjputd;fs;~~
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451
154 ` f=;fh `
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,ay;
3 ftpijg;
ngiH
fPiug;ghj;jpa[k; Fjpiua[k;
ad
kdg;ghlg; ghly;
fl;o mof;ifahy; fhy;khwpg; gha;ifahy;
btl;o kwpf;fpd;w nkd;ikahy;? Kl;lg;ngha;
ik
khwj; jpUk;g[ifahy; tz;fPiug; ghj;jpa[ld;
Vwg; gupahF nk.
E}y; : fhsnkfg;g[ytu; jdpg;ghly; jpul;L
v
Mrphpah; : fhsnkfg;g[ytu;
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fhsnkfg;g[yth;
fhsnkfg;g[ytupd; ,aw;bgau; tujd;.nkfk; kiH bghHptJ
nghyf; ftpijfis tpiue;J ghoajhy; ,tu; fhsnkfg;g[ytu;
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kp
vd;W miHf;fg;gl;lhu;. jpUthidf;fh cyh/ ruRtjp khiy/
gugpuk;k tpsf;fk;/ rpj;jpu kly; Mfpa E}y;fis vGjpa[s;shu;.
H; ,tuJ jdpg;ghly;fs; jdpg;ghly; jpul;L vd;Dk; Eypy; ,lk;

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bgw;Ws;sd. me;E}ypypUe;J xU ghly; ,=;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
w
tz;fPiu ? tskhd fPiu

gup ? Fjpiu
Kl;lg;ngha; ? KGjhfr; brd;W
w
fhy; ? tha;f;fhy;/ Fjpiuapd; fhy;.

kwpj;jy; ? jLj;jy; (kz;iz btl;oj; jLj;Jg;ghj;jp fl;Ljy;).
7 vjpupfisj; jLj;Jj; jhf;Fjy;.

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1. `Vwg; gupahFnk~ vd;Dk; bjhlupy; `gup~ vd;gjd; bghUs; _______
m) ahid M) Fjpiu ,) khd; <) khL [tpil : M]
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` f=;fh ` 155
al
2. bghUe;jhj Xir cila brhy; _______
m) gha;ifahy; M) nkd;ikahy;
,) jpUk;g[ifapy; <) mof;ifahy; [tpil : ,]
ad
3. `tz;fPiu~ vd;Dk;; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) tz; + fPiu M) tz;zk; + fPiu
,) tsk; + fPiu <) tz;ik + fPiu [tpil : <]
ik
4. fl;o + moj;jy; vd;gjidr; nru;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; _______
m) fl;oapoj;jy; M) fl;oaoj;jy; g
,) fl;o moj;jy; <) fl;L moj;jy; [tpil : M]
U
v
rpWtpdh
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1.
fPiug;ghj;jp
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fPiug;ghj;jpa[k; Fjpiua[k; vf;fhuz=;fshy; xj;jpUf;fpd;wd>
Fjpiu k;
2
 kz;fl;ofis moj;Jj; J}shf;Fth;.  tz;ofspy; fl;o / moj;J Xl;lg;gLk;.
.k
 kz;iz btl;oj; jLj;Jg;  fhy; khwp khwpg; gha;e;J bry;Yk;.
ghj;jpfshf;fp itj;jpUg;gh;.
 vjphpfis kwpj;Jj; jhf;Fk;.
 tha;f;fhypy; khwp khwp ePh;g;gha;r;Rth;.
w
 nghf ntz;oa ,lk; KGJk;

 ePh; filkilapd; ,Wjptiu brd;W brd;W kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp tUk;.
khw;wptplj; jpUk;g[k;.
? ,j;jifa fhuz=;fshy; fPiug;ghj;jpa[k; Fjpiua[k; xj;jpUf;fpd;wd.
w
rpe;jid tpdh
eP=;fs; vtw;iwf; FjpiunahL xg;gpLtPu;fs;>
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ehd; Fjpiuiaa[k; Mw;iwa[k; xg;gpLntd;. Fjpiu kw;Wk; MW Mfpa ,uz;Lk;

XLk;/ RHp ,Uf;Fk;. jhf;Fk;.
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1. fhsnkfg;g[ytupd; ,aw;bgau;
m) tujd; M) Rg;g[uj;jpdk;
,) vj;jpuhRY <) Rg;ukzpak; [tpil : m]
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651
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2. jLj;jy; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk; brhy; ??????
m) tz;fPiu M) ghp
,) kwpj;jy; <) Kl;lg;ngha; [tpil : ,]
ad
FWtpdh
1. fhsnkfg;g[ytu; ? bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>
nkfk; kiH bghHptJ nghyf; ftpijfis tpiue;J ghoajhy; ,tu;
ik
fhsnkfg;g[ytu; vd;W miHf;fg;gl;lhu;.
2. fhsnkfg;g[ytu; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>
 jpUthidf;fh cyh  ruRtjp khiy  gugpuk;k tpsf;fk;  rpj;jpu kly;
v
3. fhsnkfg; g[yth; TWk; Fjpiuapy; ,ay;g[fs; ahit>
- tz;ofspy; fl;o/ moj;J Xl;lg;gLk;.
j
al
- fhy; khwp khwpg; gha;e;J bry;Yk;.
- vjphpfis kwpj;Jj; jhf;Fk;.
- nghf ntz;oa ,lk; KGJk; brd;W kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp tUk;.
.k
kp 4. ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; vd;why; vd;d>
xnu ghlypy; ,uz;L bghUs; njhd;Wk;go ghLjy; ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; MFk;.
H; ,jid rpnyil vd;Wk; TWth;.

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rpW tpdh:
1. fhsnkfg;g[ytu; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
- fhsnkfg;g[ytupd; ,aw;bgau; tujd;.
w
- nkfk; kiH bghHptJ nghyf; ftpijfis tpiue;J ghoajhy; ,tu;

fhsnkfg;g[ytu; vd;W miHf;fg;gl;lhu;.
- jpUthidf;fh cyh/ ruRtjp khiy/ gugpuk;k tpsf;fk;/ rpj;jpu kly; Mfpa
w
E}y;fis vGjpa[s;shu;.
- ,tuJ jdpg;ghly;fs; jdpg;ghly; jpul;L vd;Dk; Eypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sd.
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` f=;fh ` 157
al
fw;git fw;wgpd;
,U bghUs; jUk; brhw;fs; rpytw;iw vGjp/ mtw;wpd; ,U bghUs;fisa[k; vGJf.
ad
(v.fh) khiy ? kyu; khiy/ me;jpg;bghGJ.
MW ? vz; / ejp ghh; ? cyfk;/ ghh;j;y;
md;dk; ? nrhW/ gwit jpiu ? fly; miy/ jpiur;rPiy
kjp ? mwpt[/ epyt[ go ? goj;jy;/ gof;fl;L
ik
eif
bka;
? g[d;dif/ mzpfyd;
? cly;/ cz;ik
,ir ? g[fH;/ r=;fPjk;
g
U
nt=;if ? kuk;/ tpy=;F
jp=;fs; ? khjk;/ epyt[ fpis ? kuf;fpis/ cwt[
v
khL
ij
? tpy=;F/ bry;tk;
? khjk;/ ijj;jy;
kh
kiw
? khkuk;/ bghpa
? kiwj;jy;/ ntjk; t
al vav
k;
2
.k
eifr;Ritg; g[jph;
1. fLikahd kiH neuj;jpy; xUth; Filapd;wp ghijapy; ele;J brd;whh;. mthpd;

w
jiyKo xd;W Tl eidatpy;iy. fhuzk; vd;d>
2. xU tpkhdk; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shfptpl;lJ/ jg;gpath;fis v=;F mlf;fk; bra;thh;fs;.

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3. xU Mg;gps; kuf;fpisapy; 10 Mg;gps;fs; ,Ue;jd. mt;tHpapy; 10 ngh; brd;wdh;.

mth;fspy; jyh xU gHk; gwpf;f 9 Mg;gps;fs; v+;rpapUe;jd. vg;go>
tpil gf;fk; : 170
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vav
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851
158 ` f=;fh `
al
,ay;
3 ciueil
cyfk;
ngRk; Xtpa=;fs;
ad
ik
1. Fif Xtpa=;fspy; tz;zk; jPl;lg; gad;gl;l bghUs;fspy; xd;W ?????????.
m) kz;Jfs; M) ePh; tz;zk;
,) vz;bza; tz;zk; <) fhpf;nfhy; [tpil : m]
v
2. eifr;Rit czh;t[ btspg;gLkhW tiuag;gLk; Xtpak; ??????????.
j 3.
m) Fif Xtpak;
,) fz;zho Xtpak; al M) Rth; Xtpak;
<) nfypr;rpj;jpuk;
`nfhl;nlhtpak;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????
[tpil : <]
.k
kp m) nfhL + Xtpak;
,) nfhl; + nlhtpak;
M) nfhl;L + Xtpak;
<) nfho + Xtpak; [tpil : M]
H; 4. `brg;ngL~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????

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m) brg;g[ + <L M) brg;g[ + XL

,) brg;g[ + VL <) brg;g[ + naL [tpil : ,]
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5. vGj;J + Mzp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ????????????

m) vGj;J Mzp M) vGj;jhzp
,) vGj;Jjhzp <) vGjhzp [tpil : M]
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7 1. fUj;Jg;gl=;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; _______ tpil : ghujpahh;

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Xtpak; 2. fyk;fhhp Xtpak; vd;WmiHf;fg;gLtJ
3. kd;dh;fspd; Mizfisa[k; muR Mtz=;fisa[k; _______ kPJ bghwpj;Jg;

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ghJfhj;jdh;. tpil : brg;ngLfspy;

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` f=;fh ` 159
al
FW tpdh
1. Xtpa=;fspd; tiffs; ahit>
1. Fif Xtpak; 2. Rth; Xtpak; 3. Jzp Xtpak;
ad
4. Xiyr;Rto Xtpak; 5. brg;ngl;L Xtpak; 6. je;j Xtpak;
7. fz;zho Xtpak; 8. jhs; Xtpak; 9. fUj;Jg;gl Xtpak;
10. etPd Xtpak;
2. Fif Xtpa=;fspy; ,Ue;J ehk; mwpa[k; bra;jpfs; ahit>
ik
Fif Xtpa=;fspy; ,Ue;J bra;jpfis kw;wth;fSf;Fj; bjhptpg;gjw;fhf
Fiffspy; Xtpak; tiue;jija[k; gHe;jkpHh; thH;f;if Kiwfisa[k; mwpayhk;.
g
3. jhs; Xtpa=;fis vtw;iwf; bfhz;L tiuth;> U
v
fhpf;nfhy;/ ePh; tz;zk;/ vz;bza; tz;zk; Mfpatw;iwf; bfhz;L jhs;
Xtpa=;fis tiuth;. t
4. al
Rth; Xtpa=;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,l=;fisf; TWf.
muz;kidfs;/ kz;lg=;fs;/ nfhtpy;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; nkw;TiufspYk;
k;
2
Rth;fspYk; Rth; Xtpa=;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,l=;fshFk;.
.k
5. brg;ngl;L Xtpa=;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fhl;rpfs; ahit>
ePh;epiyfs;/ brobfhofs;/ gwitfs;/ tpy=;Ffs;/ FwpaPLfs; Mfpad brg;ngl;L
Xtpa=;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fhl;rpfs; MFk;.
w
rpW tpdh
1. nfypr;rpj;jpuk; vd;why; vd;d>
w
kdpj cUt=;fis tpe;ijahd njhw;w=;fspy; eifr;Rit njhd;Wk; go

tiutijf; nfypr;rpj;jpuk; vd;gh;.
2. Xiyr;Rto Xtpa=;fs; Fwpj;J eP=;fs; mwpe;J bfhz;ltw;iw vGJf.
w
- Xiyr;Rtofs; kPJ vGj;jhzpfisf; bfhz;L nfhl;nlhtpakhft[k;

tz;zg;g{r;R Xtpakhf tiuth;.
- ,it bgUk;ghYk; g[uhz/ ,jpfhrf; fhl;rpfisf; bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;.
7
- ,it j+;ir ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfj;jpy; kl;Lnk fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
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rpe;jid tpdh
1. je;j Xtpa=;fs; nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLtJ Vd;>
ps
ahidapd; je;j=;fs; kPJ tiuag;gLk; Xtpa=;fs; je;j Xtpa=;fs; MFk;. ,t;tif

Xtpa=;fs; nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nfushtpy; ahidfs; kpFjpahff;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. taJ Kjph;e;j ahidfSk;/ je;j=;fSk; nfushtpy; mjpfk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdnt/ je;j Xtpa=;fs; nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
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061
160 ` f=;fh `
al
TLjy; tpdh
ad
1. Ma fiyfs; bkhj;jk; ?????????
m) 62 M) 96 ,) 64 <) 63 [tpil : ,]
2. gHe;jkpHhpd; thH;f;if Kiwia mwpe;J bfhs;s cjt[k; Xtpak; ?????????
ik
m) Fif Xtpak; M) Jzp Xtpak;
,) Xiyr;Rto Xtpak; <) brg;ngl;L Xtpak; [tpil : m]
3. j+;ir bghpanfhapypy; cs;s Xtpak; ????????
v
m) Rth; Xtpak; M) Jzp Xtpak;
j
4.
m) Rth; Xtpak;
al
jkpHfj;jpYk; Me;jpuhtpYk; Xtpah;fs; tiue;J tUk; Xtpak; ?????????/
M) Jzp Xtpak;
.k
,) Xiyr;Rto Xtpak; <) brg;ngl;L Xtpak; [tpil : M]
kp 5. nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLk; Xtpak; ????????
H; m) je;j Xtpak; M) Jzp Xtpak;

w
6. fz;zho Xtpak; tiua[k; Xtpah;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; ???????

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m) nfhit M) nfush ,) j+;rht{h; <) Me;jpuh [tpil : ,]

7. fUj;Jg;gl Xtpak; Kjd; Kjypy; btspte;j ,jH; ???????
m) vGj;J M) ,e;jpah ,) tpLjiy <) fizahHp [tpil : M]
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FWtpdh
7
1. Xtpak; tiuag; gad;gLk; Jzpapd; ntWbgah;fs; ahit>
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glhk; 
2. grhh; bgapz;o=; vd;why; vd;d>
ehl;fhl;o Xtpa=;fis grhh; bgapz;o=; vd;gh;. ,jd; Kd;ndho bfhz;ilauh$%.
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3. Xtpaj;jpd; ntWbgah;fs; ahit>

 Xt[  Xtk;  rpj;jpuk;
 glk;  glhk;  tl;oifr; bra;jp
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.i
` f=;fh ` 161
al
4. Xtpak; tiugtUf;F tH=;Fk; ntW bgah;fs; ahit>
 fz;Qs;tpid+h;  Xtpag; g[yth;  Xtkhf;fs;
 fpstp ty;nyhd;  rpj;jpuf;fhuh;  tpj;jfh;
ad
5. g[idah Xtpa=;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; ,yf;fpa=;fs; ahit>
 beLey;thil  kzpnkfiy
vav
ik
,ay; g
3 tphpthdk; jkpH; xsph; ,l=;fs;
U
v
eP=;fs; Rw;Wyh tHpfhl;oahf ,Ue;jhy;. Rw;Wyhf; ifnaL vd;Dk; gFjpapy; cs;s t
ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfk; al
,l=;fisg; ghh;itapl tUgth;fSf;F vt;thW tpsf;fpf; TWtPh;fs;>
k;
2
j+;ir ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfk; ,J jhd;. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s gHikahd E}yfk;
.k
,J. fp.gp.1122 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,e;j E}yfk; ,a=;fp tUfpd;wJ. jkpH;/ bjY=;F
cs;spl;l gy bkhHpfspy; Xiyr; rtofs; ifbaGj;Jg; gofs; ,=;F cs;sd.
jkpH;g; gy;fiyf;fHfk;
w
jkpH;g; gy;fiyf;fHfk; ,J. 1981y; jkpGf;fhfj; bjhl=;fg;gl;l gy;fiyf; fHfk;.

thdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghh;f;Fk; nghJ jkpH;ehL vd;w bgah; bjhpa[k; go fl;ll=;fs;
,Uf;fpd;wd. 5 g[y=;fSk; 25 JiwfSk; ,=;F cs;sd.
w
c.nt.rh. E}yfk;
,J c.nt.rh. E}yfk;. ,=;F 2128 Xiyr; Rtofs; kw;Wk; 2041 jkpH;E}y;fSk;
cs;sd.mLj;jJ fd;dpkhuh E}yfk; 1896 y; ,J bjhl=;fg;gl;lJ. jkpH;ehl;od;
ika E}yfk; ,J. 2 ,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; nkw;gl;l E}y;fs; ,=;F cs;sd.
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ts;Sth; nfhl;lk;
7
,J jhd; brd;id ts;Sth; nfhl;lk;. jpUts;Sthpd; g[fiH cyfwpar; bra;a[k;
tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1330 Fwl;ghf;fs; brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
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jpUts;Sth; rpiy
,J jhd; fd;dpahFkhpapy; cs;s jpUts;Sth; rpiy. jkpHf muR ,jid
ps
epWtpaJ. ts;Sth; rpiy 133 mo cuj;jpy; cs;sJ. rpiyapd; vil VHhapuk; ld;
vil bfhz;lJ. jkpHhpd; milahsk; ,J.
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.i
261
162 ` f=;fh `
al
g{k;g[fhh; rpw;gf; fiyf;Tlk;
,J mjhd; g{k;g[fhh; rpw;gf; fiyf;Tlk;. 2000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ,e;j efuk;
nrhHh;fspd; jiy efuk;. ,f; Tlk; vGepiy khlk; bfhz;lJ. fz;zfpapd;
ad
tuyhiw tpsf;Fk; 49 rpw;gj;bjhFjpfs; ,lkbgw;Ws;sJ.
,g;go gy rpwg;g[fs; bfhz;l ,l=;fis ehk; ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;
ik
1. c=;fs; khtl;lj;jpYs;s Rw;Wyh ,l=;fspd; rpwg;g[fis vGjp tUf.
v=;fs; <nuhl;oy; bghpahh; ? mz;zh epidtfk;/ bjhy;yha;t[f; Tlk;/ gthdp
rhfh; miz/ bfhonthp miz/ kpfg;bghpa $t[spr; re;ij Mfpait cs;sd. je;ij
bghpahh; mth;fs; gad;gLj;jpa midj;Jg; bghUl;fSk; E}y;fSk; g[ifg;gl=;fSk;
v
epidtfj;jpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. gHikiag; giwrhw;Wk; fy;btl;Lfs;/
bjhy;bghUl;fs; ghJfhg;gplkhf t.c.rp. g{=;fh mUfpy; cs;s bjhy;yha;t[f;
j
2.
al
Tlj;jpy; cs;sd. gHikkpf;f ePh;j;njf;fk; gthdprhfh;.
eP=;fs; fz;Lfspj;j ,l=;fspd; jdpj;jd;ikfis vGJf.
ehd; fz;Lfspj;j ,lk; Fw;whyk;. ntdpw; fhyj;jpy; Fw;whyj;jpy; tPRk; fhw;W/
.k
kp
@ypiffspd; mU=;Fz=;fis ,Gj;J tUk; fhl;lhw;W ePh; mUtpahf @ypif
ePuhfg; bghHpa[k;. jPuhj neha; Tl Fw;why mUtpapy; Fspj;jhy; eP=;Fkhk;.
H; vav
w
eifr;Ritg; g[jph;
w
4. xU je;ijf;F ehd;F bgz;gps;isfs; ,Ue;jdh;. ehd;F kfs;fspy; xt;bthU

kfSf;Fk; xt;bthU rnfhjuh; ,Ue;jhh; vdpy; mtUf;F bkhj;jk; vj;jid
gps;isfs;>
w
5. ahHpdpapd; mk;kht[f;F @d;W bgz; FHe;ijfs;. @j;jts; fz;kzp/
7
,uz;lhkts; jkpHurp. filrp kfspd; bgah; vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;>
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gf;fk; : 170
vav
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` f=;fh ` 163
al
,ay;
3 fw;fz;L bjhHpw;bgah;
ad
ik
g
1. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw; bgah; vJ>
m) vGJ M) ghL ,) goj;jy; <) eo [tpil : ,]
2. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw; bgah; vJ>
U
v
t
m) CW M) eL ,) tpG <) vGjy; [tpil : M]
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : al
1. xl;lfk; ? Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgah;
tpil :
1. xl;lfk; ? tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw;bgah;
k;
2
.k
2. gpo ? Kjdpiyj; jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; 2. gpo ? Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgah;
3. NL ? tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw;bgah;; 3. NL ? Kjdpiyj; jphpej
; bjhHpwb
; gah;
rpW tpdh
w
1. tsh;jy;/ ngRjy; ? ,it vt;tifg; bgah;fs;> tpsf;fk; jUf.

tsh;jy;/ ngRjy; ? ,it tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw; bgah;fs;. `jy;~ vd;w bjhHpw;bgah;
tpFjp bgw;W tUtjhy; ,BJ tpFjp bgw;w bjhHpw; bgah;fs; Mapw;W.
w
2. Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.

Kjdpiyj; jphptjhy; cUthFk; bjhHpw;bgah; Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; MFk;.
rhd;W : tpL ? tPL
w
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
ngRf.
7
eP=;fs; fz;L tpae;j Xtpa=;fs; kw;Wk; rpw;g=;fs; gw;wp tFg;giwapy; ngRf.
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tzf;fk;. ehd; fz;L tpae;j Xtpa=;fs; kw;Wk; rpw;g=;fs; gw;wpg; ngRfpd;nwd;.

rpj;jd;dthry; Xtpa=;fisa[k; khky;yg[uj;Jr; rpw;g=;fs; vd;id kpft[k; fth;e;jd.
rpj;jd;dthry; Xtpa=;fs; midj;Jk; capnuhl;lk; cs;sitahf/ cz;ikahd
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fhl;rpfs; nghy fhl;rp mspf;fpd;wd. Xtpa=;fsh capUs;s bghUsh vd;W tpaf;Fk;

tifapy; cs;sJ. khky;yg[uj;jpy; cs;s xw;iwf; fy;rpw;g=;fs; mUikahdJ.
g+;rghz;lth; ujk;/ ee;jp Mfpad fiy eaj;JlDk; etPd ntiyg;ghLfs;
mike;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ek; fiyawpt[f;Fr; rhd;whf ,J cs;sJ. midtUk;
mjidf; fz;L fspg;nghk;. ed;wp.
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.i
461
164 ` f=;fh `
al
ftpijia epiwt[ bra;f.
thDk; epyt[k; mHF
taYk; gapUk; mHF
ad
flYk; miya[k; mHF
fhw;Wk; FspUk; mHF.
glk; czh;j;Jk; fUj;ij Ie;J thpfspy; vGJf.
ik
xd;W TLnthk; ehk; xd;W TLnthk;
gr;ir ku=;fisf; fhg;nghk;
gRikia nerpg;nghk;- Rthrpg;nghk;-
,dpbahU tpjp bra;nthk;
v
,aw;ifiag; nghw;wnt-
j
al
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhw;fis xU bjhlhpy; Kjy; kw;Wk; ,Wjpr;brhy;yhff;
bfhz;L brhw;bwhlh; cUthf;Ff.
.k
(Xtpaf;fiy/ ,ir/ fl;llf;fiy/ tz;z=;fs;)
kp (v.fh.) : Xtpaf;fiy fz;iza[k; fUj;ija[k; fth;fpwJ.

Ez;fiyfSs; xd;W Xtpaf;fiy.
H; 1. ,irf;F ka=;fhj caph;fs; ,y;iy.
w
v=;Fk; jkpH; ,ir.

2. fl;llf;fiyapy; jkpHh; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;.
rpwe;j fiy fl;llf;fiy.
w
3. tz;z=;fs; jPl;o Xtpak; tiunthk;.

kapy; njhifapy; vz;zw;w tz;z=;fs;.
w
,ilr;brhy; Ì~ nrh;j;Jj; bjhliu kPz;Lk; vGJf.

(v.fh.) tPL fl;odhd; ? tPL + I + fl;odhd; = tPl;ilf; fl;odhd;
7
1. fly; ghh;j;jhd; ? fly; + I + ghh;j;jhd; = fliyg; ghh;j;jhd;
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2. g[y; jpd;wJ ? g[y;

3. fjt[ jl;Lk; Xir ? fjt[ + I + jl;Lk; + Xir = fjitj; jl;Lk; Xir
4. ghly; ghodhs;; ? ghly; + I + ghodhs; = ghliyg; ghodhs;
ps
5. mwk; Twpdhh; ? mwk; + I + Twpdhh; = mwj;ijf; Twpdhh;.

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.i
` f=;fh ` 165
al
fPH;f;fhQk; Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJf.
jiyg;g[ : v=;fs; Ch;
Kd;Diu ? miktplk; ? bgah;f;fhuzk; ? bjhHpy;fs; ? rpwg;g[ kpF ,l=;fs; ?
ad
jpUtpHhf;fs; ? kf;fs; xw;Wik ? Kot[iu
Kd;Diu :
mHfhd efuk;/ mikj;pahd efuk; v=;fs; <nuhL MFk;. vz;zw;w ts=;fs;
bgh=;Fk; ,lk; <nuhL. kdpjneak; jtGk; efh; v=;fs; <nuhL. mr;rpwg;g[kpF efh;
ik
g
gw;wpf; fhz;nghk;.
miktplk; :
fqh;/ nryk;/ nfhit Mfpaw;Wf; fpilna <nuhL efh; mike;Js;sJ. fhLfSk;
U
v
tay;fSk; NH;e;J eLtpdpy; ,aw;if mHF jtGk; tz;zk; <nuhL mike;Js;sJ.
fhtphp MW gha[k; g[z;zpa g{kp <nuhL MFk;.
t
bgah;f;fhuzk; :
al
,uz;L Xilfs; XLtjhy; <nuhil vdg;bgah; bgw;wJ.,Jnt fhyg;nghf;fpy;
kUtp <nuhL vd;W MdJ. gpuk;kh Ie;jhtJ jiyiaj; Jz;oj;j nghJ me;j
k;
2
kz;ilnahL rptbgUkhndhL xl;of;bfhz;L gpuk;k njhrk; gpoj;jJ. mth;
.k
njhrk; nghf ,e;jpah KGtJk; ePuhodhh;. <nuhl;oy; te;J ePuhoa nghJ kz;il
XL @d;whfg; gphpe;J @d;W ,lj;jpy; tpGe;jJ. <h; (,Wjp) XL tpGe;j ,lk; <nuhL
Mapw;W vd;gh;.
w
bjhHpy;fs; :
ntshz;ik/ ifj;jwp/ $kf;fhsk;/ Mil Maj;jk; Mfpa bjhHpy;fs; <nuhl;oy;
rpwe;J tps=;fptUfpd;wJ.
w
rpwg;g[kpF ,l=;fs; :
bghpahh; ? mz;zh epidtfk;/ jpz;ly; KUfd; nfhapy;/ gpug; njthyak;/
gs;spghisak; jh;fh/ gz;zhhp mk;kd; nfhtpy;/ t.c.rp.g{=;fh Mfpad <nul;oy;
w
rpwg;g[kpF ,l=;fs; MFk;.

jpUtpHhf;fs; :
7
khhpak;kd;/ gz;zhhp mk;kd;/ ghhpa{h; mk;kd;/ mwr;rhiy mk;kd; Mfpa
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nfhapy;fspd; jpUtpHhf;fs; rpwg;ghff; bfhz;lhlg;gLk;. jpushd gf;jh;fs; ,jpy;

fye;J bfhs;th;.
kf;fs; xw;Wik :
ps
,e;J/ ,!;yhk;/ fpwpj;Jtk; Mfpa rka=;fs; v=;fs; efhpy; ,Ue;j nghJk;

kf;fs; midtUk; xU jha; gps;is nghy xw;Wikahfnt ,Ue;JtUfpd;nwhk;.
xnu gFjpapy; nfhapy;/ gs;spthry;/ njthyak; Mfpa @d;Wk; mike;J v=;fs;
ey;ypzf;fj;ij btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
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Kot[iu :
ek; efhpd; mUik bgUikfis mwpe;J/ efiuf; fhj;J tsg;gLj;JtJ ekJ
flikahFk;.
ad
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
fPH;f;fhQk; g[jpiug;goj;J tpiliaf; fz;lwpf.

1. ehd; ,dpik jUk; ,irf; fUtp.
ik
vdJ bgau; MW vGj;Jfis cilaJ.
mjpy; ,Wjp ehd;F vGj;Jfs; tpiy cau;e;j xU cnyhfj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
Kjy; ,uz;L kw;Wk; filrp ,uz;L vGj;Jfisr; nru;j;jhy; tpy=;fpd; ntW
v
bgau; fpilf;Fk;.
ehd; ahu;>
j
2. ehd; xU fhw;Wf; fUtp. al tpil : kpUj=;fk;
ehd; g[y; tifiar; nru;e;j jhtuj;jpypUe;J cUthf;fg;gLfpnwd;.

.k
vdJ bgau; VG vGj;Jfisf; bfhz;lJ.
kp Kjy; ,uz;L vGj;Jfs; xU jhtu tifiaf; Fwpf;Fk;.
H; ehd; ahu;> tpil : g[y;yh=;FHy;

w
gpd;tUk; gj;jpfisg; goj;J/ nfl;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

rhiy tpgj;Jfisj; jtpu;f;fr; rhiytpjpfis mwpe;J xt;bthUtUk;
thfd=;fis Xl;l ntz;;Lk;.
w
rhiyapy; thfd=;fis ,lg;g[wkhfnt brYj;j ntz;Lk;. ,UtHpr; rhiyapd;

ikaj;jpy; tpl;Ltpl;Lg; nghlg;gl;Ls;s bts;isf;nfhL ,U nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fhfr;
rhiy rup rkkhfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sijf; Fwpf;Fk;. thfd=;fis Ke;Jtjw;Ff;
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nfhl;Lf;F tyJ gf;fk; cs;s rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jpf; bfhs;s mDkjp cz;L.

,UtHpr; rhiyapd; ikaj;jpy; bjhlu;r;rpahf bts;is my;yJ k+;rs; nfhL
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tiuag;gl;oUe;jhy; Ke;Jtjw;F tyJ gf;fr; rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jf;TlhJ.
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,ul;il k+;rs;nfhL tiuag;gl;oUe;jhy; Ke;Jtjw;F vf;fhuzk; bfhz;Lk;

tyJ gf;fr; rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jf;;TlhJ.
xUtHpg;ghij vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s rhiyapy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
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jpirapy; kl;Lnk thfd=;fisr; brYj;j ntz;Lk;. jlf;nfhLfs; ,lg;gl;Ls;s

rhiyapy; jlj;jpd; cs;nsna thfd=;fisr; brYj;j ntz;Lk;. thfdj;ijg;
gpd;bjhlUk;nghJ kpft[k; beUf;fkhfg; gpd;bjhluf;TlhJ. jpUk;g[k; nghJ irif
fhl;l milahs tpsf;if xspur; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
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` f=;fh ` 167
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tpdhf;fs;:
1. rhiyapd; ve;jg;gf;fkhf thfd=;fisr;; brYj;;j ntz;Lk;>
ad
rhiyapy; thfd=;fis ,lg;g[wkhfnt brYj;j ntz;Lk;.
2. tpl;Ltpl;Lg; nghlg;gLk; bts;isf;nfhL vjidf;Fwpf;Fk;>
,UtHpr; rhiyapd; ikaj;jpy; tpl;Ltpl;Lg; nghlg;gl;Ls;s bts;isf;nfhL
,U nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fhfr; rhiy rup rkkhfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
ik
g
3. ve;jf; nfhl;ilj; jhz;o thfd=;fis Ke;jpr; bry;y mDkjp ,y;iy>
,UtHpr; rhiyapd; ikaj;jpy; bjhlu;r;rpahf bts;is my;yJ k+;rs; nfhL
tiuag;gl;oUe;jhy; Ke;Jtjw;F tyJ gf;fr; rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jf;TlhJ.
,ul;il k+;rs;nfhL tiuag;gl;oUe;jhy; Ke;Jtjw;F vf;fhuzk; bfhz;Lk; U
v
tyJ gf;fr; rhiyiag; gad;gLj;jf; TlhJ.
t
4.
al
xUtHpg; ghij vdg;gLtJ ahJ>
nghf;Ftuj;J behpriyf; Fiwf;f xnu rhiyapy; ,U Twhfg; gphpf;fhky;/
thfd=;fs; bry;tjw;nfh my;yJ tUtjw;nfh ikf;fg;gl;Ls;sit xUtHpg;ghij
k;
MFk;.
2
.k
5. thfd=;fisg; gpd; bjhlu;tjw;fhd Kiwiaf;TW.
thfdj;ijg; gpd;bjhlUk;nghJ kpft[k; beUf;fkhfg; gpd;bjhluf;TlhJ.
jpUk;g[k; nghJ irif fhl;l milahs tpsf;if xspur; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
w
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf....

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fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
gilg;ghsu; ? creator mHfpay; ? aesthetics
w
rpw;gk; ? sculpture J}upif ? brush

fiy+u; ? artist fUj;Jg;glk; ? cartoon
7
fy;btl;L ? inscriptions Fif Xtpa=;fs; ? cave paintings
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ifbaGj;Jg;go ? manuscripts etPd Xtpak; ? modern art
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,ay;
3 thH;tpay; jpUf;Fws;
ad
kdg;ghlg; ghly;
bjhl;lidj;J CWk; kzw;nfzp khe;ju;f;Ff;
ik
fw;widj;J CWk; mwpt[.
vz;zpj; Jzpf fUkk; Jzpe;jgpd;
vz;Qtk; vd;gJ ,Gf;F.
v
,Lk;igf;F ,Lk;ik gLg;gu; ,Lk;igf;F
,Lk;ik glhm jtu;.
j
E}y;
al
: jpUf;Fws;
.k
kp ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh
H; rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

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1. _______ jPik cz;lhf;Fk;.

m) bra;aj; jFe;j bray;fisr; bra;tjhy;
M) bra;aj; jfhj bray;fisr; bra;ahky; ,Ug;gjhy;
w
,) bra;aj; jFe;j bray;fisr; bra;ahky; ,Ug;gjhy;

<) vJt[k; bra;ahky; ,Ug;gjhy; [tpil : ,]
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2. jd; Foiar; rpwe;j Foahfr; bra;a tpUk;g[thplk; _______ ,Uf;ff; TlhJ.

m) nrhk;gy; M) RWRWg;g[
7 ,) VH;ik <) bry;tk; [tpil : m]

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__ 3. `vGj;bjd;g~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ

m) vGj;J + bjd;g M) vGj;J + vd;g
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,) vGj;J + ,d;g <) vGj; + bjd;g [tpil : M]

4. `fiue;Jz;Qk;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ _______
m) fiue;J + ,d;Dk; M) fiu + Jz;Qk;
,) fiue;J + cz;Qk; <) fiu + cz;Qk; [tpil : ,]
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` f=;fh ` 169
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5. fw;widj;J + CWk; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ???
m) fw;widj;J}Wk; M) fw;widJ}Wk;
,) fw;widj;jPUk; <) fw;widj;njhWk; [tpil : m]
ad
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
1. fw;Fk; Kiw ? bray; 1. fw;Fk; Kiw ?gpiHapy;yhky; fw;wy;
ik
g
2. caph;f;Ff; fz;fs; ? fhfk; 2. caph;f;Ff; fz;fs; ? vz;Qk; vGj;Jk;
3. tpGr;bry;tk; ? gpiHapyy
; hky; fw;wy; 3. tpGr;bry;tk; ? fy;tp
4. vz;zpj; Jzpf ? vz;Qk; vGj;Jk; 4. vz;zpj; Jzpf ? bray;
5. futh fiue;Jz;Qk; ? fy;tp 5. futh fiue;Jz;Qk; ? fhfk;
U
v
FWtpdh
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1.
al
èd;ik bra;tjpYk; jPik cz;lhFk;~ vg;nghJ>
ehk; xUtUila gz;ig mwpe;j mtUf;F ed;ik bra;a ntz;Lk;.
,y;yhtpl;lhy; ed;ik bra;jhYk; jPik te;J nrUk;.
k;
2
.k
2. jPik cz;lhf;Fk; ,uz;L bray;fs; ahit>
bra;aj;jfhj bray;fisr; bra;tjhYk; bra;aj;jf;f bray;fisr; bra;ahky;
tpLtjhYk; jPik cz;lhFk;.
3. Jd;gj;jpy; Jd;gk; cz;lhf;Fgth; ahh;>
w
Jd;gk; te;j nghJ tUe;jpf; fy=;fhjtu;/me;jj; Jd;gj;jpw;nf Jd;gk; cz;lhf;fp

mjid btd;W tpLtu;.
ghlg;gFjpapypUe;J gl=;fSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
w
tpil :
bjhl;lidj;J CWk; kzw;nfzp khe;ju;f;Ff;
w
fw;widj;J CWk; mwpt[.
tpil :
7
vz;bzd;g Vid vGj;bjd;g ,t;tpuz;Lk;
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fz;bzd;g thGk; caph;f;F.
TLjy; tpdh
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FWtpdh
1. vg;gof; fw;W> vg;go elf;f ntz;Lk;>
fw;f ntz;oatw;iwg; gpiH ,y;yhky; fw;f ntz;Lk;. fw;wgpd; fw;w tHpapy;
elf;f ntz;Lk;.
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2. fz; nghd;wit vit>
vz;Qk; vGj;Jk; thGk; kf;fSf;Ff; fz;fs; nghd;wit.
3. kf;fs; mwpt[ vjidg; nghy tsuntz;Lk;>
ad
njhz;Lk; mstpw;F Vw;g kzw;nfzpapy; ePu; CWk;. mJnghy; fw;Fk; mstpw;F
Vw;g kf;fSf;F mwpt[ tsUk;.
4. mHptpy;yhj rpwe;j bry;tk; vJ > Vd;>
mHptpy;yhj rpwe;j bry;tk; fy;tpna. xUtUf;F mjidtplr; rpwe;j bry;tk;
ik
ntW ,y;iy.
5. xU braiy vg;go bra;antz;Lk;>
ve;jr; braiya[k; ed;F rpe;jpj;j gpd; bjhl=;f ntz;Lk;. bjhl=;fpa gpd;
v
vz;zpg; ghu;f;fyhk; vd;gJ Fw;wkhFk;.
6. ahhplk; bry;tk; nrUk;>
j
al
fhfk; jdf;Ff; fpilj;jij kiwf;fhky; jd; Rw;wj;jhiuf; Ttp miHj;J cz;Qk;.
mj;jifa gz;g[ cilatu;fsplnk bry;tKk; nrUk;.
.k
vav
kp eifr;Ritg; g[jph tpilfs;;

H;
w
1. mthpd; jiy bkhl;ilj;jiy
2. jg;gpath;fis mlf;fk; bra;akhl;lhh;fs;.

w
3. jyh vd;gJ xUthpd; bgah;. kw;w 9 ngUk; gHk; gwpf;ftpy;iy.
4. 5 gps;isfs;.
w
5. ahHpdp
7
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` f=;fh ` 171
al
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
VHhk; tFg;g[ ? jkpH; gUtk; ? 2
,ay; ? @d;W
ad

1. kapYk; khDk; tdj;jpw;F ???????? jUfpd;wd.
ik
2.
m) fisg;g[ M) tdg;g[ ,) kiyg;g[ <) ciHg;g[
`tz;fPiu~ vd;Dk;; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????

g
m) tz; + fPiu M) tz;zk; + fPiu U
v
,) tsk; + fPiu <) tz;ik + fPiu
t
3.
al
vGj;J + Mzp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ????????
m) vGj;JMzp M) vGj;jhzp ,) vGj;Jjhzp <) vGjhzp k;
4. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw; bgah; vJ>
2
.k
m) CW M) eL ,) tpG <) vGjy;
w
5. jha;ikapd; Xtpaj;jpy; epiwe;jpUf;f ntz;oait>

6. jhs; Xtpa=;fis vtw;iwf; bfhz;L tiuth;>
w

8. rpw;g=;fSk; Xtpa=;fSk; vt;thW mika ntz;Lk; vd;W ftp+h; TWfpwhh;>
9. Xiyr;Rto Xtpa=;fs; Fwpj;J eP=;fs; mwpe;J bfhz;ltw;iw vGJf.
w

10. `fl;o mof;ifahy;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ,ul;LwbkhHpjy; ghly;.
7
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172 ` f=;fh `
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gUtk; ? 2
ad

1. ntah khlk; vdg;gLtJ ????????.
ik
,) Xiyahy; ntag;gLtJ <) Jzpahy; @lg;gLtJ
2. cut[ePh; mGtk; ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs;
v
m) fhw;W M) thdk; ,) fly; <) kiy
3. ``bgU=;fly;~~ ,r;brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ
j 4.
m) bgU + fly;
,) bghpa + fly; al M) bgUik + fly;
<) bgU=; + fly;
,d;W + Mfp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ.
.k
m) ,d;WMfp M) ,d;wpMfp ,) ,d;whfp <) ,d;whMfp
kp 5. fg;giy chpa jpirapy; jpUg;g[tjw;Fg; gad;gLk; fUtp

m) Rf;fhd; M) e=;Tuk; ,) fz;il <) rKf;F
H; 6. `VblLj;njd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ???????
w
m) Vnl + njd; M) Vl;L + vLj;njd;

,) VL + vLj;njd; <) V + blLj;njd;
7. `gs;spj; jykidj;Jk; nfhapy; bra;Fnthk;~ vd;W ghoath; ???????.
w
m) jpUf;Fwshh; M) jpUts;Sth; ,) ghujpahh; <) ghujpjhrd;

w
8. fg;gy; fl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLk; ku Mzpfs; ??????? vd miHf;fg;gLk;.

9. fUj;Jg;gl=;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpath ???????
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10. nfushtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLk; Xtpak ???????
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bghUj;Jf.
11. t=;fk; ? gfy;
12. ePfhd; ? fg;gy;
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13. vy; ? fy=;fiu tpsf;fk;

14. khl xs;bshp ? ehtha; Xl;Lgtd;
15. kuf;fy=;fisj; Jiw nehf;fp miHg;gJ vJ>
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` f=;fh ` 173
al
16. ehtha; Xl;ofSf;Ff; fhw;W vt;thW Jizbra;fpwJ>
18. bghpa fg;gw;gil bfhz;L gyehLfs; btd;w nrhHh;fs; ahth;>
ad
19. ghujpjhrdpd; kdijf; ftu Kad;w ,aw;ifg; bghUs;fs; ahit>
20. fy;tpr; bry;tj;jpd; ,ay;g[fshf ehyoahh; TWk; bra;jpfis vGJf.
21. kdpjg; gpwtpf;Fk; gpw caphpd=;fSf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
22. xU fiy vg;bghGJ caph;g;g[ilajhf mika[k;>
23. fhsnkfg;g[ytu; ? bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>
ik
24. jhs; Xtpa=;fis vtw;iwf; bfhz;L tiuth;>
g
U
III.mogpwHhky; vGJf. 3+2=5
25. `thdk; Cd;wpa~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; fy=;fiu tpsf;fg; ghly;.
v
26. bjhl;lidj;J vdj; bjhl=;Fk; Fwl;ghit vGJf.
IV. vitnaDk; @d;wDf;Fr; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f. t
27.
28.
al
kz; /bghd; vd;gd vt;tifr; brhw;fs;>
,aw;brhy;ypd; ehd;F tiffs; ahit>
3x2=6
k;
2
29. gjj;jpd; ,Utiffs; ahit>
.k
30. gFgj cWg;g[fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
w
32. m) flypy; fg;gy; bry;Yk; fhl;rpia mfehD}W vt;thW tpsf;FfpwJ>

(my;yJ)
M) `,d;gj;jkpH;f; fy;tp~ ? ghlypd; ikaf;fUj;ij Ek; brhe;j eilapy; vGJf.
w
33. m) rpwpa ePhe; piyfisa[k; fly;fisa[k; flf;fj; jkpHh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ch;jpfspd;

bgah;fis vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) fy;tpiaa[k; tpsf;ifa[k; jpUf;Fwshh; vt;thW xg;gpLfpwhh;>
w
VI. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;F xU gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f. 2 x 5 = 10

34. `MH;flypd; moapy;~ fijiar; RUf;fp tiuf.
35. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJf.
7
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Kd;Diu ? gazj;jpd; njit ? jiutHpg;gazk; ? fly;tHpg;gazk; ?

thd;tHptHpg; gazk; ? Kot[iu
36. c=;fs; gFjpapy; E}yfk; xd;W mikj;Jj; ju ntz;o E}yf MizahsUf;Ff;
fojk; vGJf.
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VII. fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fis mWtifg; bgah;fis tifg;gLj;Jf. 1x3=3

37. ey;Y}h;/ til/ nfl;ly;/ Kfk;/ md;dk;/ brk;ik/ fhiy/ tUjy;/ njhif/
ghujpjhrd;/ gs;sp/ ,wf;if/ bghpaJ/ nrhiy/ Ie;J kzp/ tpisahl;L/ g[jd;.
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j
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.k
kp jkpH;
H;
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` f=;fh ` 175
al
,ay;
1 ftpijg;
ngiH
tpUe;njhk;gy;
ad
kdg;ghlg; ghly;
khhpbahd;W ,d;wp twe;jpUe;j fhyj;Jk;
ik
ghhp klkfs; ghz;kfw;F ? ePh;ciya[s;
bghd;jpwe;J bfhz;L g[fhth ey;fpdhs; g
xd;whF Kd;wpnyh ,y;.
U
v
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E}y; : gHbkhHp ehD}W
Mrphpah; : Kd;Wiw miuadhh;;
al
Kd;Wiw miuadhu; k;
3
- bgah; : Kd;Wiw miuadhh;
.k
- fhyk; : fp.gp.4
- gilg;g[ : gHbkhHp ehD}W
- rkak; : rkzh;
w
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
khup ? kiH klkfs; ? ,skfs;
w
twe;jpUe;j ? twz;oUe;j ey;fpdhs; ? bfhLj;jhs;

g[fth ? czthf Kd;wpy; ? tPl;od; Kd; ,lk; (jpz;iz)
,=;F tPl;ilf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
w
7
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1. kuk; tsu;j;jhy; ????????? bgwyhk;.
m) khwp M) khup ,) fhup <) ghup [tpil : M]
ps
2. èPUiyapy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????

m) ePU + ciyapy; M) ePu; + ,iyapy;
,) ePu; + ciyapy; <) ePU + ,iyapy; [tpil : ,]
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3. khup + xd;W vd;gjidr; nru;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy; ??????????
m) khupbahd;W M) khupxd;W
,) khupapd;W <) khupad;W [tpil : m]
ad
FW tpdh
1. ghup kfspupd; bgau;fis vGJf.
 m=;fit  r=;fit
ik
2. `bghUs; VJk; ,y;yhj tPLfns ,y;iy~ ? vt;thW>
- kiHapd;wp twl;rp epytpa fhyj;jpy;/ ghup kfspuhd m=;fit/r=;fit
Mfpnahuplk; ghzu;fs; ,ue;J epd;wdu;.
v
- ghup kfspu; ciyePupy; bghd; ,l;L mtu;;fSf;Fj; je;jdu;. mjdhy; bghUs;
VJk; ,y;yhj tPL vJt[k; ,y;iy vd;gij mwpayhk;.
j
rpe;jid tpdh
al
jkpHu;fspd; gpw gz;ghl;Lf; TWfis vGJf.
<if/ caphpuf;fk;/ eLt[epiyik/ gpwUf;bfd thH;jy;/ vspa thH;f;if/ J}a
.k
kp md;g[/ cyfg;bghJik Mfpad jkpHu;fspd; gpw gz;ghl;Lf; TWfs; MFk;.
H; TLjy; tpdh
w

1. jpz;iz vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; brhy; ??????????.
w
m) khhp M) g[fth ,) klkfs; <) Kd;wpy; [tpil : <]
2. khhp vd;gjd; bghUs; ??????????.

m) kiH M) czt[ ,) ,skfs; <) jpz;iz [tpil : m]
w
3. gHbkhHp ehD}W E}ypd; Mrpupau;
7 m) fhhpahrhd; M) Kd;Wiw miuadhu;

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,) tpsk;gpehfdhh; <) ghhp
4. gHbkhHp ehD}W ????????? E}y;fSs; xd;W.

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m) gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F M) gjpbdz;nky;fzf;F
,) rpw;wpyf;fpak; <) fhg;gpak; [tpil : m]
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` f=;fh ` 177
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FW tpdh
1. Kd;Wiw miuadhu; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
- gHbkhHp ehD}W E}ypd; Mrpupau; Kd;Wiw miuadhu; Mthu;.
ad
- ,tu; fp.gp. (bgh.M.) ehd;fhk; E}w;whz;ilr; nru;e;jtu; vd;gu;;.
- gHbkhHp ehD}W E}ypd; flt[s; thH;j;Jg; ghly; @yk; ,tu; rkz rkaj;ijr;
nru;e;jtu; vd mwpaKofpwJ.
2. gHbkhHp ehD}W ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
ik
- gHbkhHp ehD}W gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W.
- ,J ehD}W ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ. xt;bthU ghlypd; ,WjpapYk; xU
g
gHbkhHp ,lk; bgw;wpUg;gjhy;/ ,J gHbkhHp ehD}W vd;Dk; bgau; bgw;wJ. U
v
3. ~~xd;whF Kd;wpnyh ,y;~~ vd;Dk; gHbkhHpapd; bghUs; ahJ>
t
gHbkhHpapd; bghUs; MFk;. al
xd;Wkpy;yhj tPL vJt[kpy;iy vd;gnj ~~xd;whF Kd;wpnyh ,y;~~ vd;Dk;
k;
3
fw;git fw;wgpd;
.k
1. ts;sy;fs; vGtupd; bgau;fisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
ghhp/ jpUKof;fhhp/ ty;tpy; Xhp/ Ma; mz;oud;/ ngfd;/ es;sp/ mjpakhd;
w
beLkhd+;rp Mfpnahh; fil vGts;sy;fs;.

2. tpUe;njhk;gy; gz;ig tpsf;Fk; fij xd;iw mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy; TWf.
Xh; Chpy; rptdoahh; thH;e;J te;jhh;. mtUk; mtuJ FLk;gKk; jpdKk; ahnuDk;
w
xUtUf;fhtJ tpUe;njhk;gy; bra;tJ tHf;fk;. rptdoahhpd; FLk;gk; kpFe;j

tWikapy; ,Ue;jhYk; mjidf;fhl;lhJ/ tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpg;gh;. tpUe;jpdh;
cz;l gpd;g[jhd; midtUk; cz;Qth;. fhiyapy; ,Ue;J khiy tiu czt[
w
jahuhf ,Ue;Jk; tpUe;jpdh; tuhjjhy; ahUk; cz;zhky; gl;odp fple;jdh;.

rptdoahhpd; FHe;ijfSk; fhiyapy; ,Ue;J khiy tiu gl;odpahff; fple;J/
7
mH Muk;gpj;Jtpl;ldh;. ,ut[ neuj;jpy; bghpath; xUth; te;jhh;. Mdhy; mtnuh
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jhd; ahh;tPl;oYk; cz;Qtjpy;iy/ ,ut[ j=;Ftjw;F ,lk;jhU=;fs;/ mJ nghJk;

vd;whh;. rptdoahh; jd; epiyia czh;j;jp/ jh=;fs; cz;lhy; jhd;. vd;Dila
FHe;ijfs; cz;z Koa[k; vd;whh;. FHe;ijfSf;fhf me;jg; bghpatUk; rhg;gpl;lhh;.
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gpwF midtUk; cz;ldh;.
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,ay;
1 ftpijg;
ngiH
taYk; thH;t[k;
ad
bgah; : fpU&;zuhag[uk; thRnjt b$fe;ehjd;
fhyk; : 11.04.1906 ? 04.11.1988
ik
rpwg;g[ : c.nt.rhtpd; khzth;/ 1967,y; `tPuh; cyfk;~
vd;Dk; ,yf;fpa tpkh;rd gilg;gpw;F rhfpj;a
mbfjkp tpUJ.
gilg;g[fs; : mjpakhd; beLkhd; m+;rp/ mjprpag;bgz;/
v
mWe;jje;jp/ Mj;k n$hjp cs;spl;l 134
E}y;fs;vd;fij/ r=;bfhyp
j
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
FHp ? epy msitg;bgau;
al rPiy ? g[liy
.k
kp rhz;
kzp
? ePll
; y; msitg;bgau;
? Kw;wpa bey;
kil
fHYjy;
? taYf;F ePu; tUk; tHp
? cjpu;jy;
H; Rk;khL ? ghuk; Rkg;gtu;fs; jiyapy; itj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; Jzpr;RUs

w

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1. cHtu; nrw;W taypy; ?????????? eLtu;.
m) bro M) gapu; ,) kuk; <) ehw;W [tpil : <]
w
2. taypy; tpise;J Kw;wpa bew;gapu;fis ?????????? bra;tu;.

m) mWtil M) cHt[ ,) elt[ <) tpw;gid [tpil : m]
7
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3. `nju;e;bjLj;J~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ??????????.

m) nju;
,) nju;e;jJ + mLj;J <) nju;e;J + vLj;J [tpil : <]
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4. `Xil + vy;yhk;~ vd;gjidr; nru;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy ??????????.

m) Xilvy;yhk; M) Xilbay;yhk;
,) Xl;ilbay;yhk; <) Xbly;yhk; [tpil : M]
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` f=;fh ` 179
al
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
1. ehw;W ? gwpj;jy; 1. ehw;W ? eLjy;
ad
2. ePu; ? mWj;jy; 2. ePu; ? gha;r;Rjy;
3. fjpu; ? eLjy; 3. fjpu; ? mWj;jy;
4. fis ? gha;r;Rjy; 3. fis ? gwpj;jy;
taYk; thH;t[k; ghlypy; cs;s nkhid/vJifr; brhw;fis vGJf.
ik
nkhidr; brhw;fs;
(Kjy; vGj;J xnu khjphpahf tUtJ)
vJifr; brhw;fs;
(,uz;lhtJ vGj;J xnu khjphpahf tUtJ) g
Xil ? Xonaho rhYrhyhj; ? ehYehyh
U
v
klkld;D ? kz;Fspuj;
t
xz;ziuf; FHp ? kz;Fspu ? ez;Lk;
ehj;bjy;yk; ? ehYehyh nrj;Jf;Fs;ns ? ehj;njy;yhk;
kzpnghyg; ? kdijbay;yhk;
Rk;khLk; ? RWRWg;g[k;
al fpHf;fj;jp ? fHYijah
k;
3
ngr;R tHf;Fr; brhw;fis vGj;J tHf;fpy; vGJf.
.k
(v.fh.) nghap ? ngha;
gpof;fpwh=;f ? gpof;fpwhh;fs;
tsUJ ? tsh;fpwJ
w
,w=;Fwh=;f ? ,w=;Ffpwhh;fs;
thuhd; ? tukhl;lhd;
FWtpdh
w
1. cHtu;fs; vg;nghJ ez;L gpoj;jdu;>

ehw;Wg; gwpf;Fk;nghJ cHth;fs; tay; tug;gpy; cs;s ez;Lfisg; gpoj;jdu;.
2. bew;fjpupypUe;J bey;kzpia vt;thW gpupg;gu;>
w
fpHf;fj;jp khLfisf; bfhz;L kpjpf;fr; bra;J bew;fjphpypUe;J bey;kzpiag;

gphpg;gh;. ,jw;F nghuoj;jy; vd;W bgah;.
7
rpWtpdh
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1. cHt[j;bjhHpypd; epfH;t[fis tupirg;gLj;jp vGJf.

xU rhQf;F xU ehw;W tPjk; RWRWg;ghf el;ldu;. elt[ el;l taypd;
kz;FspUkhW kiltHpna ePu;gha;r;rpdu;. el;l bew;gapu;fs; tupirahf tsu;e;J
ps
brHpj;jd. ghy; gpoj;J Kw;wpa bey;kzpfs; kdk; ka=;FkhW tpise;jd. mWtil

bra;a[k; Ml;fSf;Fg; gzk; bfhLj;jdu;. mWtil bra;j bey;jhs;fisf;
fl;Lfshff; fl;oj; jiyf;Fr; Rk;khL itj;Jj; J}f;fpr; brd;W fsj;jpy; nru;j;jdu;.
fjpuoj;j bey;jhs;fisf; fpHf;fj;jp khLfisf; bfhz;L kpjpf;fr; bra;jdu;. khLfs;
kpjpj;j bew;fjpu;fspy; ,Ue;J bey;kzpfs; kzpkzpaha; cjpu;e;jd.
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rpe;jid tpdh
cHt[j;bjhHpypy; fhye;njhWk; Vw;gl;LtUk; khw;w=;fs; gw;wp vGJf.
ad
Mw;w=;fiuapy; ehfhpfk; cUthff; fhuzkhdJ cHt[j;bjhHpy;. tpijfis
tpijg;gJk;/ mtw;Wf;F ePh;gha;r;rp tsh;g;gJ kl;Lnk gH=;fhyj;jpy; eilbgw;wJ.
gpd;dh;/ kdpjd; jd; Ra mwpthy; cHt[j;bjhHpYf;F cjtpahf khLfisg;
gad;gLj;jp ,aw;if vUf;fisf; bfhz;L gaphpl;lhd;. gpd;dh; mwptpay;
tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf/ cGfUtpfisa[k; tpijj;jy; fUtpfisa[k;/ g{r;rpf;bfhy;yp/
ik
braw;if cu=;fs; Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp tpisr;riyg; bgUf;fpdhd;.
TLjy; tpdh
v
1. ehl;Lg;g[w=;fspy; ciHf;Fk; kf;fs; j=;fs; fisg;g[j; bjupahky; ,Ug;gjw;fhfg;
j 2.
al
ghLk; ghlny ________ vdg;gLfpwJ. tpil : ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghly;
ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghly;fis ________ vd;Wk; tH=;Ftu;. tpil : tha;bkhHp ,yf;fpak;

.k
3. gy;ntW bjhHpy;fs; Fwpj;j ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghly;fis ________ vd;Dk; E}ypy; fp.th.
kp b$fe;ehjd; bjhFj;Js;shu;. tpil : kiy mUtp
H; rpWtpdh
w
1. nghuoj;jy; vd;why; vd;d>

mWtil bra;j bew;fjph;fisf; fsj;jpy; moj;J bey;iyg; gphpg;th;. bey; jhspy;
v+;rpapUf;Fk; bey;kzpfisg; gphpg;gjw;fhf khLfisf; bfhz;L kpjpf;fr; bra;th;.
w
,jw;Fg; nghuoj;jy; vd;W bgah;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;
w
1. ntshz;ik rhh;e;j fUtpfspd; bgah;fis vGjp tUf.

Vh;/ kz;btl;o/ cHt[ ,ae;jpuk;/ tpijf;fyg;ig/ fisbtl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk;/ ePh;
7 ghrd ,ae;jpuk;/ CryhLk; Til/ ntshz; thD}h;jp/ jhs;f;fj;jp/ fjpuo ,ae;jpuk;/

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fsk;/ gly;/ ckp ePf;fp/ ,iz mWtil ,ae;jpuk;.
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` f=;fh ` 181
al
,ay; jpf;bfy;yhk; g[fGWk;
1 ciueil
cyfk; jpUbey;ntyp
ad
ik
1. jpUbey;ntyp ?????????? kd;du;fnshL bjhlu;g[ cilaJ.
m) nru M) nrhH ,) ghz;oa <) gy;yt [tpil : ,] g
2. ,s=;nfhtofs; ?????????? kiyf;F Kjd;ik bfhLj;Jg; ghodhu;. U
v
m) ,ka M) bfhy;yp ,) bghjpif <) tpe;jpa [tpil : ,]
t
3.
m) fhtpup
,) bjd;bgz;iz
al
jpUbey;ntyp ?????????? Mw;wpd; fiuapy; mike;Js;sJ.
M) itif
<) jhkpuguzp [tpil : <]
k;
3
.k
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
w
1. jz;bghUie ? bghd;ehza=;fs; 1. jz;bghUie ? jhkpuguzp.

cUthf;Fk; ,lk; 2. mf;frhiy ? bghd;ehza=;fs;
2. mf;frhiy ? Fw;whyk; cUthf;Fk; ,lk;
3. bfhw;if ? Kj;Jf;Fspj;jy;
w
3. bfhw;if ? jhkpuguzp
4. jpupTlkiy ? Kj;Jf; Fspj;jy; 4. jpupTlkiy ? Fw;whyk
FW tpdh
w
1. jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; fpis MWfs; ahit>

gr;irahW/ kzpKj;jhW/ rpw;whW/ fhiuahW/ nru;tyhW/ fldhejp Mfpait
7
jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; fpis MWfs; MFk;.
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2. bfhw;if Kj;J gw;wpf; TWf.

- jhkpuguzp flnyhL fyf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; bfhw;if vd;Dk; JiwKfk; ,Ue;jJ.
ps
- ,=;F Kj;Jf;Fspj;jy; rpwg;ghf eilbgw;wJ.

- bfhw;ifapy; tpise;j ghz;o ehl;L Kj;J cyfg; g[fH; bgw;wjhf tps=;fpaJ.
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rpW tpdh
1. jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpapy; eilbgWk; cHt[j; bjhHpy; Fwpj;J vGJf.
ad
- jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lg; bghUshjhuj;jpy; Kjd;ikahd g=;F tfpg;gJ
cHt[j;bjhHpy;. jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; @yk; ,=;F cHt[j;bjhHpy; eilbgWfpd;wJ.
- ,=;Ff; Fsj;Jg; ghrdKk; fpzw;Wg; ghrdKk; Tlg; gad;ghl;oy; cs;sd.
,UgUt=;fspy; bey; gapuplg;gLfpd;wJ.
ik
- khdhthupg; gapu;fshfr; rpWjhdpa=;fs;/ vz;bza; tpj;Jfs;/ fha;fdpfs;/ gUj;jp/
gaW tiffs; gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.
2. jpUbey;ntypf;Fk; jkpGf;Fk; cs;s bjhlh;g[ Fwpj;J vGJf.
v
- mfj;jpah; bghjpif kiyapy; thH;e;jhh; vd;gh;.
- r=;fg;g[yth;fshd khnwhf;fj;J eg;griyahh;/ ek;khH;thh;/ bghpahH;thh;/
j
al
FkuFUguh;/ jphpTluhrg;gf; ftpuhah;/ ftpuhrg; gz;ojh; Mfpnahh;
jpUbey;ntypapy; gpwe;J jkpGf;Fr; brGik nrh;j;Js;sdh;.
- $p.a[.nghg;/ fhy;Lbty;/ tPukhKdpth; nghd;nwhiuj; jkpHpd;ghy; <h;j;j bgUik
jpUbey;ntypf;F chpaJ.
.k
kp 3. jpUbey;ntyp efu mikg;g[g; gw;wpf; TWf.
H;
- bey;iyapy; cs;s bjUf;fs; gy mjd; gHikf;Fr; rhd;whf cs;sd.
w
- fhtw;g[iuj; bjU vd;W xU bjU cs;sJ. muruhy; jz;of;fg;gl;lth;fs; ,=;F

rpiwitf;fg;gl;ljhy; ,g;bgah; bgw;wJ.
- nky tPjpia mLj;J TiHf;filj; bjU cs;sJ. mjhtJ jhdpa=;fs; tpw;Fk;
w
filj; bjU MFk;.

- Kw;fhyj;jpy; bghd; ehza=;fis cUthf;Fgth; thH;e;j ,lk; mf;frhiyj;
bjU. bgU tzpfk; eilbgw;w ,lk; ngl;il.
w
rpe;jid tpdh
7
1. kf;fs; kfpH;r;rpahf thH xU efuk; vt;thW ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W epidf;fpwPh;fs;>
://
- ,aw;if tsk; kpFe;jjhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

- midj;Jg; bghUl;fSk; mUfpy; fpilf;Fk; go ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
- rhjp kj ngjkpd;wp kjey;ypzf;fj;ijg; nghw;Wk; goahf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
ps
- Rw;Wg;g[wj;J}a;ik cilajhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

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` f=;fh ` 183
al
TLjy; tpdh
ad
1. bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; Mf;!;nghh;L vd miHf;fg;gLk; efh; ???????????.
m) ghisa=;nfhl;il M) ngl;il
,) nrud;khnjtp <) br=;nfhl;il [tpil : m]
2. Kw;fhyj;jpy; ntQtdk; vd miHf;fg;gLk; ,lk; ???????????.
ik
m) ghisa=;nfhl;il
,) nrud;khnjtp
M) ngl;il
<) br=;nfhl;il [tpil : M] g
3. ghz;oah;fspd; ,uz;lhtJ jiyefh; ???????????. U
v
m) ghisa=;nfhl;il
,) nrud;khnjtp
M) jpUbey;ntyp
<) br=;nfhl;il [tpil : M] t
4. al
,yf;fpa=;fspy; jphpTlkiy vd;W Fwpf;fg;gLk; kiy ???????????.
m) bghjpif kiy M) Fw;why kiy
k;
3
,) bghUie <) ngl;il [tpil : M]
.k
5. jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpia tsk; brHpf;fr; bra;a[k; MW ???????????.
m) fhtphp MW M) jhkpuguzp MW
,) beha;ay; MW <) itif MW [tpil : M]
w
6. jz;bghUie ejp vd;W Kw;fhyj;jpy; miHf;fg;gl;lejp ???????????.

m) fhtphp MW M) jhkpuguzp MW
,) beha;ay; MW <) itif MW [tpil : M]
w
FWtpdh
1. @nte;jh; ahth;>
w
nruh;/ nrhHh;/ ghz;oah; Mfpnahh; @nte;jh; vd;W miHf;fg;gl;ldh;.

2. jpUbey;ntyp vd;Dk; bgah; bgw;w jd; fhuzk; ahJ>
7
efiur; Rw;wp bey; tay;fs; ntyp nghy mike;jpUe;jjhy; jpUbey;ntyp
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vdg;bgah; bgw;wJ.
3. jpUbey;ntypapy; rpwg;g[kpf;f gHikahd kiyfs; ahit>
ps
 bghjpif kiy  Fw;why kiy

4. ,ul;il efu=;fs; ahit>
jpUbey;ntypa[k;/ ghisa=;nfhl;ila[k; ,ul;il efu=;fs; vd miHf;fg;
gLfpd;wd.
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5. ghisa=;nfhl;il bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; Vbjd;!; vd;W miHf;fg;gLtjd; fhuzk;
ahJ>
ghisa=;nfhl;ilapy; mjpf mstpy; fy;tp epiya=;fs; ,Ug;gjhy;/
ad
ghisa=;nfhl;il bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; Vbjd;!; vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
6. gz;ila tuyhw;iw epidt{l;Lk; jpUbey;ntyp Ch;fs; ahit>
 nrud;khnjtp  f=;ifbfhz;lhd;  jpUkiyag;gg[uk;
 tPughz;oag;gl;odk;  Fynrfud; gl;ldk;
ik
7. jpUbey;ntyp <h;j;j may;ehl;Lj; jkpHwp+h;fs; ahth;>
 $p.a[. nghg;  fhy;Lbty;  tPukhKdpth;
v
8. jpUbey;ntypapy; thH;e;j jkpH;g;g[yth; ahth;>
khnwhf;fj;J eg;griyahh;/ ek;khH;thh;/ bghpahH;thh;/ FkuFUguh;/ jphpTluhrg;gf;
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ftpuhah;/ ftpuhrg; gz;ojh;.
rpWtpdh
jpUbey;ntyp ?bgah;f;fhuzk; ahJ>
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kp - Kw;fhyj;jpy; jpUbey;ntypf;F @=;fpy; fhL vd;Dk; bghUs; bfhz;l
`ntQtdk;~ vd;Dk; bgah; ,Ue;jJ.
H; - @=;fpy; bey; kpFjpahf tpise;jjhy; mg;gFjpf;F `bey;ntyp~ vd;Dk; bgah;

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Vw;gl;oUf;fyhk;.
- efiur; Rw;wp bey; tay;fs; ntyp nghy mike;jpUe;jjhy; jpUbey;ntyp
vdg;bgah; bgw;wJ.
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fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. c=;fSila khtl;lj;jpYs;s Rw;Wyh ,l=;fs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisj; njoj; bjhFf;f.
bfhonthp miz/ bts;nshL gwitfs; ruzhyak;/ bghpahh; ? mz;zh
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epidtfk;/ gthdp r=;fnk!;tuh; nfhapy;/ $t[spr; re;ij/ me;jpa{h; FUehj rhkp

nfhapy;/ gz;zhhp mk;kd; nfhapy;/ gthdp rhfh; Mfpad <nuhL khtl;lj;jpYs;s
7 Rw;Wyh ,l=;fs;.
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2. jkpH;ehl;oYs;s khefuhl;rpfs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisj; bjhFf;f.

jpUbey;ntyp/ jpUg;g{h;/ ntY}h;/ nfhit/ kJiu/ jpUr;rp/ nryk;/ J}j;Jf;Fo/
j+;rht{h; / jpz;Lf;fy;/ j+rht{h;/ <nuhL ? Mfpad jkpH;ehl;oYs;s khefuhl;rpfs;.
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` f=;fh ` 185
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,ay; jpUbey;ntypr; rPika[k;
1 tphpthdk;
ftpfSk;
ad
- bgah; : o.nf. rpjk;guehjh; (urpfkzp o.nf.rp)
- gzp : tHf;fwp+h;/ vGj;jhsh;/ jpwdha;thsh;
- rpwg;g[g; bgah; : ,urpfkzp/ jkpHpirf;fhtyh;/ foj ,yf;fpa
ik
Kd;ndho/ tsh;jkpH; Mh;tyh;/ Fw;why
Kdpth;
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- fhyk; : 16.09.1882 ? 16.02.1954 U
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- gilg;g[fs; : fk;gh; jUk; ,uhkhazk;/ urpfkzp
fl;Liufs; t
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ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh k;
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o.nf.rp. Fwpg;gpLk; jpUbey;ntypf; ftp+u;fs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
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Kd;Diu:
jkpHfj;jpd; gy;ntW gFjpfspYk; rpwe;j g[ytu;fs; gyu; cUthfpa[s;sdu;.
mtu;fSs; jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpiar; nru;e;j g[ytu;fisg; gw;wp mwpe;J bfhs;nthk;.
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vl;ilag[uk;:
ftpkzp ghujpahu; gpwe;J tsu;e;j ,lk; vl;ilag[uk;. vl;ilag[u rk!;jhdk;
beLfpYk; Cu; Cuha;g; g[ytu;fSk; ftpuhau;fSk; thH;e;jdu;. njrpftpehafdhu;
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fd;dpahFkupg; gf;fk; ? mjhtJ eh+;rpy; ehl;oy; gpwe;J tsu;e;jtuha; ,Ue;jhYk;

mtu; jkpiH mGj;jkhf Mu;tj;njhL fw;w ,lk; jpUbey;ntyp efu;jhd;.
ghujpahUk; njrpftpehafdhUk; ek;nkhL xl;oatu;fs;/mtu;fis tpl;Ltpl;L/
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bfh+;rk; Ke;jpa[s;s ftp+u;fisg; ghu;f;fyhk;. nfhapy;gl;oapypUe;J fpHf;nf vl;L

iky; J}uj;jpy;jhd; ghujpahupd; gpwg;gplkhfpa vl;ilag[uk; ,Uf;fpwJ. m=;nj Rkhu;
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vl;lg;g uh$hitg; gw;wpg; gy ghly;fs; ghoapUf;fpwhu;.

rPitFz;lk; ? bfhw;if:
jpUbey;ntypapypUe;J jpUr;bre;J}Uf;Fg; nghfpw khu;f;fj;jpny gjpbdl;lhtJ
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ikypy; Mw;Wf;F tlfiuapy; rPitFz;lk; ,Uf;fpwJ. gps;isg;bgUkhs;

rPitFz;lj;Jg; bgUkhisg; gw;wpg; ghoa[s;shu;.
bfhw;if vd;fpw rpW Cu;jhd; mJ. mjd; g[fnHh mghuk;. Rkhu; ,uz;lhapuk;
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fUit ey;Y}h;:
r=;fud;nfhapYf;F tlf;nf vl;L ikypy; Kf;fpakhd !;jyk; fUitey;Y}u;/
,jw;Ff; fuptyk; te;j ey;Y}u; vd;Wk; bgau;. nfhapYk; Rw;W tPjpfSk; mHfha;
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mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,j;jpUj;jyj;jpd; rpwg;gpy; njha;ej g[ytu; xUtu; jpUf;fUit
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ghoapUf;fpwhu;.
Fw;whyk;:
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ftp ,y;yhkny kdirf; ftuf;Toa ,lk; Fw;whyk;. nfhapy;/ mUtp/ nrhiy
bghjpe;j kiy/ bjd;wy; vy;yhk; nru;j;J mike;jpUg;gijg; ghu;j;jhy;/ cyfj;jpnyna
,e;j khjpup ,lk; ,y;iy vd;nw brhy;yyhk;. Rkhu; Mapuj;J Ke;E}W tUl=;fSf;F
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gpw;fhyj;jpny vGe;j jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fspy; Kf;fpakhdJ Fw;whyf; Fwt+;rp/
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tUl=;fSf;F Kd; Fw;whyj;Jf;Ff; fpHf;nf ,uz;L ikypy; cs;s nkyfuj;jpy;
thH;e;Jte;j jpupTluhrg;gf; ftpuhau; ghoa E}y;.
Kot[iu
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jkpH;kzk; fkGk; efh;/ jkpH; tsh;j;j efh; vd;W nghw;WjYf;Fhpa efh;
kp jpUbey;ntyp vd;gij mwpaKofpd;wJ.
H; fw;git fw;wgpd;
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1. c=;fSf;F gpoj;j ftpij xd;iwg; gw;wp tFg;gpy; fye;JiuahLf.

thH;f;if
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gpuahzk;
vg;nghJ Rikfis
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` f=;fh ` 187
al
,ay;
mzp ,yf;fzk;
1 fw;fz;L
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FWtpdh:
1. ctik/ ctnkak;/ ctk cUg[ tpsf;Ff.
ik
xg;gpl;Lf; Twg;gLk; bghUis ctik my;yJ ctkhfk; vd;gu;. ctikahy;
tpsf;fg;gLk; bghUis ctnkak; vd;gu;. `nghy~/ `nghd;w~ vd;git ctk
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cUg[fshFk;.
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2. ctik mzpf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
xU ghlypy; ctika[k;/ ctnkaKk; te;J ctk cUg[ btspg;gilahf te;jhy; t
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mJ ctik mzp.ctk cUg[ kiwe;J te;jhy; mBJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
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FWtpdh
1. mzp vd;gjd; bghUs; ahJ>
mzp vd;Dk; brhy;Yf;F mHF vd;gJ bghUs;.
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2. mzp vd;why; vd;d>

xU bra;a[isr; brhy;yhYk;/ bghUshYk; mHF bgwr; bra;jiy mzp vd;gu;.
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3. ,y;bghUs; ctik mzp vd;why; vd;d>

cyfpy; ,y;yhj xd;iw ctikahff; TWtij ,y;bghUs; ctik mzp vd;gu;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;
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gpd;tUk; bjhlu;fspy; cs;s ctik/ ctnkak;/ ctk cUg[ Mfpatw;iwf;
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bjhlu;fs; ctik ctnkak; ctkcUg[

kyud;d ghjk; kyu; ghjk; md;d
njd; nghd;w jkpH; njd; jkpH; nghd;w
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g[yp nghyg; gha;e;jhd; nrhHd; g[yp gha;e;jhd; nrhHd; nghy

kapbyhg;g Modhs; khjtp kapy; Modhs; khjtp xg;g
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bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
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ehd; tpUk;g[k; ftp+u;
tzf;fk;.
ghnte;jnu ehd; tpUk;g[k; ftp+uhthh;.,sikapny tsik kpFk; ftp ghLk;
Mw;wy; mtUf;fpUe;jJ. fw;fz;Lr; Ritaida brhw;bfhz;L ghodhh;.
tpw;bfhz;L mog;gJ nghy; tpiue;J tUk; brhy;yk;ghy; jPikfisr; rhodhh;.
ik
rKjhaj;ijnah/ @l ek;gpf;fifisnah rhLk; nghJ g[ul;rp ntfk;
gpwf;fg;ghodhh;.
`Xlg;g uhapUf;Fk; Vi Hag;gh;
cijag;guhfp tpl;lhy; ? Xh; behof;Fs;
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Xlg;gh; caug;gh; vy;yhk; khwp/
xg;gg;gh; Ma;tpLthh; czug;gh eP-~
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vdg; ghoath; mth;.
al
`,Ul;liwapy; cs;sjlh cyfk;: rhjp ,Uf;fpd;w bjd;ghDk; ,Uf;fpd;whnd~
vdf; FKwpdhh;. `nfhhpf;ifaw;Wf; fplf;Fjz;nz ,=;F nthpw;gGj;j gyh-~ vdf;
Twp tpjitah; kzj;ij ntz;odhh;- `g[jpanjhh; cyfk; bra;nthk; bfl;l nghhpLk;
.k
kp cyfj;ij ntUld; rha;g;nghk;-~ vdr; rgjk; bra;jhh;. vz;zw;w jkpH; be+;rpy;
,d;Wk; ? vd;Wk; FoapUg;gth; ek; ghnte;jd;.
H; ed;wp.
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vdf;Fg; gpoj;j ghly;.

,d;gj; jkpH;;
jkpGf;Fk; mKbjd;W ngh;- ? mejj; jkpH; v=;fs; ,sikf;Fg; ghy;- ,d;gj;
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jkpH; ,d;gj;jkpH; v=;fs; capUf;F neh; jkpH; ey;y g[fH; kpf;f g[yth;f;F nty;-
jkpGf;F epybtd;W ngh;- ? ,d;gj; jkpH; v=;fs; cah;t[f;F thd;- ? ,d;gj;
jkpH; v=;fs; r@fj;jpd; tpist[f;F ePh;- jkpH; v=;fs; mrjpf;Fr; Rlh; je;j njd;-
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jkpGf;F kzbkd;W ngh;- ? ,d;gj; jkpH; v=;fs; mwpt[f;Fj; njhs;- ? ,d;gj;

jkpH; v=;fs; thH;tpf;F epUkpj;j Ch;- jkpH; v=;fs; ftpijf;F tapuj;jpd; ths;-
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jkpGf;F kJ btd;W ngh;- ? ,dgj; jkpH; v=;fs; gpwtpf;Fj; jha;- ? ,d;gj;
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csKw;w jP- jkpH; v=;fs; brk; gapUf;F nth;-

1. khLfs; bfhz;L epyj;ij cGjdu;.
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2. ePu;tsk; kpf;f Cu; jpUbey;ntyp.

3. bey;iyapy; jkpH;f; ftp+u; gyu; thH;e;jdu;.
4. mfj;jpau; thH;e;j kiy bghjpif kiy.
5. ,y;yhj bghUis ctikahf;FtJ ,y;bghUs; ctik mzp.
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` f=;fh ` 189
al
ghliyg; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.
gid kunk gid kunk mGfpw gps;isfl;Ff;
Vd; tse;nj ,j;J}uk;> fpYfpYg;ig ehdhndd;-
ad
Fof;fg; gjdpahndd;- ifjpupf;Fk; fapWkhndd;-
bfhz;L tpw;f E=;fhndd;- fd;Wfl;lj; Jk;g[khndd;-
J}uj;J kf;fSf;Fj; ? ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghly;
J}njhiy ehdhndd;-
ik
tpdhf;fs;: g
1. gid kuk; jUk czt[g; bghUs;fs; ahit>
gjdp/ E=;F/ U
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2. gid kuk; ahUf;F fpYfpYg;igiaj; jUk;>
gid kuk; mGfpd;w gps;isfSf;Ff; fpYfpYg;igiaj; jUk;. t
al
3. `J}njhiy~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGJf.
J}J + Xiy.
k;
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4. gidkuk; @yk; ekf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; bghUs;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
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gjdp/ E=;F/ Xiy. fpYfpYg;ig/ fapW/ Jk;g[.
5. ghlYf;F Vw;w jiyg;ig vGJf.
gidkuk;.
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gpd;tUk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf.

vd;idf; ftu;e;j E}y;.
vd;idf; fth;e;j E}y; ? rpyg;gjpfhuk;
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Kd;Diu:
md;idj; jkpHpy; gy nfho E}y;fs; ,Ug;gpDk;/ vd;idf; fth;e;j E}y;
rpyg;gjpfhunk MFk;. mjidg; gw;wp tphpthff; fhz;nghk;.
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rpyg;gjpfhuk; mikg;g[:
rpyg;gjpfhuk; g[fhh;f; fhz;lk;/ kJiuf; fhz;lk;/ t+;rpf; fhz;lk; vd @d;W
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,s=;nfhtofs; ,aw;wpa[s;shh;.
rpyg;gjpfhuf; fij:
g[fhh; efuj;jpy; nfhtyDk;/ fz;zfpa[k; jpUkzk; bra;J thH;fpd;wdh;.
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fz;zfpiag; gphpe;J nfhtyd; khjtpa[ld; thH;fpd;whh;. mtisg;gphpe;J kPz;Lk;

fz;zfpa[ld; kJiu bry;fpd;whh;. fz;zfpapd; rpyk;ig tpw;fr; brd;w ,lj;jpy;
bfhy;yg;gLfpd;whd;.fz;zfp ePjpia epiyehl;o kJiuia vhpj;J/ thDyfk;
bry;fpd;whs;.
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rpwg;g[fs;:
- Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fSs; xd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk;.
- Kj;jkpH;f; fhg;gpak;/ ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lilr; bra;a[s;/ ehlff; fhg;gpak;/
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Fokf;fs; fhg;gpak; vd;bwy;yhk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; E}y;.
- Fokf;fisf; fij khe;juhff; bfhz;L vGjg;gl;l Kjy; E}y; ,J.
fth;e;j fhuzk;:
@nte;jh;fisg; gw;wpa[k;/ Kj;jkpH; gw;wpa[k;/ Kr;Rit gw;wpa[k;/ Ke;ePjpfisg;
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gw;wpa[k; xnu E}ypy; tpsf;Ftjhy; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;id kpft[k; fth;e;jJ.
bghJkf;fisj; jiytuhff; bfhz;L ghlg;gl;ljhYk; vd;idf; fth;e;jJ ,e;E}y;.
Kot[iu:
v
rpyg;gjpfhuk; kpft[k; ,dpikahd E}y; vd;gij mwpe;J/ ehd; goj;njd;/ vd;idf;
fth;e;jJ. eP=;fSk; goa[=;fs;- c=;fisa[k; ftUk;-
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bkhHpnahL tpisahL
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FWf;bfGj;Jg; g[jpu;.
kp jkpH;ehl;oy; cs;s Cu;g; bgau;fisa[k; mtw;wpd; rpwg;iga[k; mwpnthk;.
H; jp U g; g{ h;; C l; o
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` f=;fh ` 191
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,lkpUe;J tyk; tykpUe;J ,lk;
1. gpd;dyhil efuk; ? jpUg;g{h; 3. kiyf;nfhl;il efuk; ? jpUr;rp
ad
2. kiyfspd; murp ? Cl;o 5. ViHfspd; Cl;o ? Vw;fhL
6. jkpHfj;jpd; jiyefuk; ? brd;id 8. kh=;fdpj; jpUtpHh ? fhiuf;fhy;
13. bew;fs+;rpak; ? j+;rht{h; 11. k+;rs; khefuk; ? <nuhL
nkypUe;J fPH; fPHpUe;J nky;
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1. g{l;L efuk; ? jpz;Lf;fy;
3. nju; mHF efuk; ? jpUthqh;
9. gl;lhR efuk;
10. J}=;fh efuk;
? rptfhrp
? kJiu g
4. bjw;F vy;iy ? fd;dpahFkhp 12. kiyfspd; ,sturp ? bfhilf;fhdy;
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7. g[ypfs; fhg;gfk; ? Kz;lj;Jiw 14. fu;ktPuh; efuk; ? tpUJefh;.
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1. al
bjhlUf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd ctikia vLj;J vGJf.
vd; jhahu; vd;id ________ fhj;J tsu;j;jhu;.
(fz;iz ,ik fhg;gJ nghy/ jhiaf;fz;l nriag; nghy)
k;
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tpil:fz;iz ,ik fhg;gJ nghy
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2. ehDk; vd; njhHpa[k; ________ ,ize;J ,Ug;nghk;.
(,+;rp jpd;w Fu=;F nghy/ efKk; rija[k; nghy)
tpil: efKk; rija[k; nghy
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3. jpUts;Stupd; g[fiH ________ cyfnk mwpe;Js;sJ.

(vypa[k; g[{ida[k; nghy/ cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy)
tpil: cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy
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4. mg;Jy; fyhkpd; g[fH; ________ cyfbk=;Fk; gutpaJ.

(Fd;wpd;nkypl;l tpsf;F nghy/ Flj;Js; ,l;l tpsf;F nghy)
tpil: Fd;wpd; nkypl;l tpsf;F nghy.
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5. rpWtajpy; ehd; ghu;jj epfH;r;rpfs; ________ vd; kdj;jpy; gjpe;jd.

(fpzw;Wj;jtis nghy/ gRkuj;jhzp nghy)
7
tpil: gRkuj;jhzp nghy.
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bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Cupd; bgau;fspy; ,Ue;J g[jpa brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.

(v.fh) jpUbey;ntyp ? jpU/ bey;/ ntyp/ nty;
1. ehfg;gl;odk; ________ tpil : ehfk;/ gl;odk;/ gl;o/ eho.
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2. fd;dpahFkup ________ tpil : fd;dp/ Fkup/ kup/ fdp.

3;;. br=;fy;gl;L ________ tpil : br=;fy;/ gl;L/ fy;/ fl;L.
4. cjfkz;lyk; ________ tpil : fkz;lyk;/ kz;lyk;/ cyfk;/ cz;.
5. gl;Lf;nfhl;il ________ tpil : gl;L/ nfhl;il/ gil/ nfhil.
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.i
291
192 ` f=;fh `
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epw;f mjw;Fj; jf...
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
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fupfk; ? civilization ePu;g;ghrdk; ? irrigation
ehl;Lg;g[wtpay; ? folklore may;ehl;odu; ? foreigner
mWtil ? harvest ntshz;ik ? agriculture
ePu;g;ghrdk; ? irrigation ftp+u; ? poet
may;ehl;odu; ? foreigner bew;gapu; ? paddy
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ehfupfk; ? civilization
gapupLjy; ? cultivation
ehl;Lg;g[wtpay; ? folklore
mWtil ? harvest cHtpay; ? agronomy
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I. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1. kuk; tsu;j;jhy; ________ bgwyhk;.
kjpg;bgz; :20
4x1=4
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kp 2.
m) khwp M) khup ,) fhup <) ghup
`nju;e;bjLj;J~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ________
H; m) nju; + vLj;J M) nju;e;J + bjLj;J
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,) nju;e;jJ + mLj;J <) nju;e;J + vLj;J

3. jpUbey;ntyp ________ Mw;wpd; fiuapy; mike;Js;sJ.
m) fhtpup M) itif ,) bjd;bgz;iz <) jhkpuguzp
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4. jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpia tsk; brHpf;fr; bra;a[k; MW ________

m) fhtphp MW M) jhkpuguzp MW ,) beha;ay; MW <) itif MW
II. FWtpil jUf.
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5. ghup kfspupd; bgau;fis vGJf.
6. bfhw;if Kj;J gw;wpf; TWf.
7 7. ctik mzpf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>

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x .2 rpW
3III = 6 tpil jUf.
8. cHt[j;bjhHpypd; epfH;t[fis tupirg;gLj;jp vGJf.
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9. jpUbey;ntypf;Fk; jkpGf;Fk; cs;s bjhlh;g[ Fwpj;J vGJf.

IV. fl;Liu vGJf. 1x4=4
10. vd;idf; ftu;e;j E}y;.
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kdg;ghlg; ghly;
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bta;a fjpnuhd; tpsf;fhfr; ? bra;a
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Rlh;MHpahd; mof;nf Nl;ondd; brhy;khiy
,lh;MHp eP=;Ffnt vd;W. g
E}y; : ehyhapuj;jpy;ag; gpug;ge;jk; Kjy; jpUte;jhjp
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Mrphpah;: bgha;ifahH;thh;
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bgha;ifahH;thh;:
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jpUbtBfh vd;Dk; Chpy; gpwe;jth;.
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3
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- ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jj;jpy; cs;s Kjy; jpUte;jhjp
,th; ghoajhFk;.
g{jj;jhH;thh;:
- g{jj;jhH;thh; brd;idia mLj;Js;s khky;yg[uj;jpy;
w
gpwe;jth;.
- ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jj;jpy; cs;s ,uz;lhk; jpUte;jhjp
,th; ghoajhFk;.
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
ghly; ? 1 ghly; ? 2
jfsp ? mfy;tpsf;F
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itak; ? cyfk;
bta;a ? btg;gf;fjph; tPRk; +hdk; ? mwpt[
Rlh; MHpahd; ? xsptpLk; rf;fuj;ij Mh;tk; ? tpUg;gk;
7 cila jpUkhy;
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Rlh; ? xsp
,lh; MHp ? Jd;gf;fly;
brhy;khiy ? ghkhiy ehuzd; ? jpUkhy;

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1. ``,lh; MHp eP=;Ffnt ~~ ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs; ________.
m) Jd;gk; M) kfpH;r;rp ,) Mh;tk; <) ,d;gk; [tpil : m]
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2. `+hdr;Rlh;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ________
m) +hd + Rlh; M) +hdr; + Rlh;
,) +hdk; + Rlh; <) +hdp + Rlh; [tpil : ,]
ad
3. ,d;g[ + cUF vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ________
m) ,d;g[ cUF M) ,d;gk [ ; cUF
,) ,d;g[UF <) ,d;gUF [tpil : ,]
bghUj;Jf.
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tpdh : tpil :
1. md;g[ ? bea; 1. md;g[ ? jfsp
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2. Mh;tk; ? jfsp 2. Mh;tk; ? bea;
3. rpe;ij ? tpsf;F 3. rpe;ij ? ,Ljphp
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4. +hdk;
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? ,Ljphp
al 4. +hdk; ? tpsf;F
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1. bgha;ifahH;thUk; g{jj;jhH;thUk; mfy;tpsf;fhf vtw;iw cUtfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;>
kp bgha;ifahH;thh; mfy;tpsf;fhfg; g{kpiaa[k;/ g{jj;jhH;thh; mfy;tpsf;fhf

md;iga[k; cUtfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.
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2. bgha;ifMH;thh; vjw;fhfg; ghkhiy Nl;odhh;>

bgha;ifMH;thh; jd; Jd;gf;fly; eP=;f ntz;og; ghlyhy; khiy Nl;odhh;.
rpWtpdh
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1. g{jj;jhH;thh; +hdtpsf;F Vw;Wk; Kiwia tpsf;Ff.

+hdj;jkpH; gapd;w g{jj;jhH;thh; md;igna mfy;tpsf;fhft[k;/ Mh;tj;ijna
bea;ahft[k;/ ,dpikahy; cUFk; kdj;ijna ,Lfpd;w jphpahft[k; bfhz;L/ +hd
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xspahfpa Rlh;tpsf;if kdk; cUf jpUkhYf;F Vw;wpdhh;.

rpe;jid tpdh
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1. bgha;ifahH;thh; +hdj;ij tpsf;fhf cUtfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. eP=;fs; vtw;iw vy;yhk;

tpsf;fhf cUtfg;gLj;JtPh;fs;>
ehd; mwpt[/ jd;dk;gpf;if/ Kaw;rp/ fod ciHg;g[/ Cf;fk;/ fy;tp/ caph;/ cz;ik
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1. g{kpiag; bgha;if MH;thh; cUtfg;gLj;JtJ ?????????.
m) mfy; tpsf;F M) fly; ,) ghkhiy <) md;g[ [tpil : m]
2. Jd;gj;ijg; bgha;if MH;thh; cUtfg;gLj;JtJ ?????????.
m) mfy; tpsf;F M) fly; ,) ghkhiy <) md;g[ [tpil : M]
ik
3. rpte;j xsptPRk; rf;fuj;ij cilath; ????????.
m) jpUkhy; M) bgha;if MH;thh; g
,) g{jj;jhH;thh; <) ngahH;thh; [tpil : m]
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4. me;jhjp vd;gJ ????????? tiffSs; xd;W.
m) fhg;gpa M) g[jpd t
5.
,) rpw;wpyf;fpa
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ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jg; ghliyj; bjhFj;jth; ??????????.
[tpil : ,]
k;
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m) ehjKdp M) bgha;if MH;thh;
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1. me;jhjp vd;why; vd;d>
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xU ghlypd; ,Wjp vGj;njh/ mirnah/ brhy;nyh mLj;J tUk; ghlYf;F

Kjyhf miktJ me;jhjp MFk;.
2. KjyhH;thh; @th; ahth;>
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 bgha;if MH;thh;  g{jj;jhH;thh;  ngahH;thh;

3. ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jk; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
- jpUkhiyg; nghw;wpg; ghoth;fs; gd;dpU MH;thh;fs;.
w
- mth;fs; ghoa ghly;fs; bjhFg;ng èhyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jk;~ MFk;.

- ,jidj; bjhFj;jth; : ehjKdp.
7fw;git fw;wgpd;
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gd;dpU MH;thh;fspd; bgah;fisj; jpul;Lf.

 bgha;if MH;thh;  g{jj;jhH;thh;  ngahH;thh;
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 jpUkHpirMH;thh;  ek;khH;thh;  kJuffp MH;thh;

 bghpahH;thh;  Mz;lhs;  jpUk=;if MH;thh;
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mwk; vd;Dk; fjph;
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kdg;ghlg; ghly;
,d;brhy; tpisepydh <jny tpj;jhf
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td;brhy; fisfl;L tha;ik vUtl;o
md;g[ePh; gha;r;rp mwf;fjph; <dXh;
ig=;TH; rpWfhiyr; bra;.
E}y; : mwbewpr;rhuk;
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Mrphpah; : Kidg;ghoahh;
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Kidg;ghoahh;:
Kidg;ghoahh; jpUKidg;gho vd;Dk; Ciur; nrh;ej
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kp gilg;g[ : mwbewpr;rhuk;
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tpj;J ? tpij fis ? ntz;lhj bro

<d ? bgw ig=;TH; ? gRikahd gaph;
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epyd; ? epyk; td;brhy; ? fL+;brhy;

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m) td;brhw;fis M) murpaiy
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2. `,d;brhy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????????.

m) ,dpa + brhy; M) ,d;ik + brhy;
,) ,dpik + brhy; <) ,d; + brhy; [tpil : ,]
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` f=;fh ` 197
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3. mwk; + fjph; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ??????????.
m) mw fjph; M) mWfjph; ,) mwf;fjph; <) mwk;fjph; [tpil : ,]
ad
4. `,sik ` vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; vjph;r;brhy; ???????.
m) KJik M) g[Jik ,) jdpik <) ,dpik [tpil : m]
bghUj;Jf.
tpdh tpil
ik
1. tpisepyk;
2. tpij
? cz;ik
? ,d;brhy;
1. tpisepyk;
2. tpij
? ,d;brhy;
? <if g
3. fis ? <if 3. fis ? td;brhy;
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4. cuk; ? cz;ik
t
4. cuk; ? td;brhy;
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1. al
mwf;fjph; tpisa vjid vUthf ,lntz;Lk; vd Kidg;ghoahh; TWfpwhh;>
mwf;fjph; tpisa cz;ikia vUthf ,lntz;Lk; vd Kidg;ghoahh;
k;
3
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TWfpwhh;.
2. ePf;fntz;oa fis vd;W mwbewpr; rhuk; vjidf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ>
ePf;fntz;oa fis vd;W td;brhy;iy mwbewpr; rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
w
rpWtpdh
1. ,sk;tajpnyna bra;a ntz;oa bray;fshf Kidg;ghoahh; TWtd ahit>
- ,d;brhy;iy tpis epykhff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
w
- mjpy; <if vd;Dk; gz;ig tpijahff; bfhz;L tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.

- td;brhy; vd;Dk; fisia ePf;f ntz;Lk;.
w
- cz;ikngRjy; vd;Dk; vUtpid ,Ljy; ntz;Lk;.

- md;ghfpa ePiug; gha;r;r ntz;Lk;.
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- mg;nghJ jhd; mwkhfpa fjpiug; gadhfg; bgw Koa[k;.
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? ,sk;tajpy; ,r;bray;fisr; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W Kidg;ghoahh;

TWfpd;whh;.
rpe;jid tpdh
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1. ,sk; tajpnyna ehk; fw;Wf;bfhs;s ntz;oa ew;gz;g[fs; vit vdf; fUJfpwPh;fs;>

md;g[/ ,d;brhy; ngRjy;/ cz;ik ngRjy;/ fsthik/ g[w=;Twhik/ vspik/
rpf;fdk;/ kdcWjp/ nfhgk; bfhs;shik/ neh;ik Mfpad ,sk; tajpnyna ehk;
fw;Wf;bfhs;s ntz;oa ew;gz;g[fshff; fUJfpd;nwd;.
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TLjy; tpdh
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1. Kidg;ghoahhpd; fhyk; ???????????.
m) fp.gp.5 M) fp.gp.13 ,) fp.gp.10 <) fp.gp.12 [tpil : M]
2. mwbewpr; rhuk; ????????? ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.

m) 225 M) 223 ,) 252 <) 525 [tpil : m]
ik
3. ,sk; tajpnyna tpijf;f ntz;oa gz;g[???????????.
m) ,dpabrhy; M) <if
,) td;brhy; <) cz;ikngRjy; [tpil : M]
v
4. ,sikapy; gha;r;r ntz;oa ePh; ??????????.
m) md;g[ M) <if
j 5.
,) td;brhy; al
tpj;J vd;gjd; bghUs; ????????????.
m) fis M) bgw
<) cz;ikngRjy;
,) epyk; <) tpij

[tpil : m]
[tpil : <]
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kp FWtpdh
H; 1. Kidg;ghoahh; ?Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

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- Kidg;ghoahh; jpUKidg;gho vd;Dk; Ciur; nrh;e;j rkzg;g[yth;.

- fhyk; : fp.gp13 Mk; E}w;whz;L.
- gilg;g[ : mwbewpr;rhuk;
w
2. mwbewpr;rhuk; ?Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

- Kidg;ghoahh; ,aw;wpa E}y; : mwbewpr;rhuk;
- 225 ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
w
- mwbewpfisj; bjhFj;Jf; TWtjhy; ,e;E}y; mwbewpr; rhuk; vdg;bgah;bgw;wJ.

3. vjid tpisepykhff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;W Kidg;ghoahh; TWfpd;whh;>
7 ,dpa brhy;iy tpisepykhff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;W Kidg;ghoahh;

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TWfpd;whh;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;
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1. gpwUld; ngRk; nghJ eP=;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,d;brhw;fisj; bjhFj;Jf; TWf.

thH;f tsKld;/ tzf;fk;/ eykh/ md;g[ilatnu/ rnfhjunu/ ed;W/ mUik/
,dpik/ ghuhl;L/ thH;j;Jfs;/ btw;wp cknj/ Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk; Mfpad
gpwUld; ngRk; nghJ ehd; gad;gLj;Jk; ,d;brhw;fs;.
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2. cd; md;id gad;gLj;jpa ,d;brhy;yhy; eP kfpH;e;j epfH;t[ xd;iwf; TWf.
xU Kiw ehd; njh;tpy; njhy;tp mile;J tpl;nld;. vd; ez;gh;fs;/ mg;gh/
Mrphpah; vdg; gyUk; vd;idj; jpl;odhh;fs;. Mdhy; vd; md;id kl;Lk;/ njhy;tpna
ad
btw;wpapd; Kjy; go. ,g;nghJ eP bgw;wpUg;gJ njhy;tpad;W/ btw;wpapd; Kjy; go
ftiyg;glhnj vd;whh;. mt;tpdpikr; brhy; vd;id Cf;fg;gLj;jpaJ.
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ik
,ay;
xg;g[ut[ bewp
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2 ciueil
cyfk; U
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ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh t
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.al k;
3
1. xUtu; vy;yhUf;fhft[k; vy;yhUk; xUtUf;fhf vd;gJ ???????? bewp.
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m) jdpa[lik M) bghJt[lik
,) bghUSilik <) xGf;fKilik [tpil : M]
2. bry;tj;jpd; gad; ???????? thH;t[.

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m) Mlk;gu M) ePz;l ,) xg;g[ut[ <) nehaw;w [tpil : ,]

3. tWikiag; gpzp vd;Wk; bry;tj;ij ???????? vd;Wk; TWtu;.
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m) kUe;J M) kUj;Jtu; ,) kUj;Jtkid <) khj;jpiu [tpil : m]

4. cyfk; cz;z cz;" cLj;j cLg;gha; vd;W Twpatu; ????????
m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd;
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,) Koaurd; <) fz;zjhrd; [tpil : M]

vjpu;r;brhw;fisg; bghUj;Jf.
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tpdh tpil
1. vspJ ? g[utyu; 1. vspJ ? mupJ
2. <jy; ? mupJ 2. <jy; ? Vw;wy;
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3. me;epau; ? Vw;wy; 3. me;epau; ? cwtpdu;

4. ,utyu; ? cwtpdu; 4. ,utyu; ? g[utyu;
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bjhlu;fspy; mikj;J vGJf.
1. Fwpf;nfhs; ?????????????????
tpil: thH;f;if Fwpf;nfhs; cilaJ.
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2. flikfs;??????????????????????
tpil: xU Fokfdhf ek; ehl;ow;F ehk; bra;a ntz;oa flikfs; Vuhsk;.
3. thH;ehs; ???????????????????????
tpil: thH;ehs; KGtJk; bjhz;L bra;jth; Fd;wf;Fo mofshh;
ik
4. rpe;jpj;J ??????????????????????
tpil: xU bray; bra;tjw;F Kd; ed;whfr; rpe;jpj;J bray;gl ntz;Lk;.
FW tpdh
v
1. bghUsPl;Ltij tplt[k; bgupa bray; vJ>
bghUsPl;Ltijtplg; bgupa fhupak; mij Kiwahf mDgtpg;gJk; bfhLj;J
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2.
kfpH;tJk; MFk;.
al
bghUsPl;Ltjd; nehf;fkhff; Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWtJ ahJ>
kw;wtu;fSf;F tH=;fp kfpH;tpj;J kfpH/ thH;tpj;J thHg; bghUs; njit vd;gnj
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kp bghUsPl;lYf;fhd nehf;fkhFk;.
rpW tpdh
H; 1. xg;g[ut[f;F mofshu; jUk; tpsf;fk; ahJ>
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- xUtu; bra;a[k; brayhdJ mJ jUk; gaidtpl/ bra;gtupd; kdg;gh=;F/

czu;t[ Mfpatw;wpd; mog;gilapnyna kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.
w
- juj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ. xUtUf;bfhUtu; cjtp bra;J bfhs;Sjy; kl;Lk;

nghjhJ/ cjtp bra;jy; vjw;fhf> jw;fhg;g[f;fhft[k; ,yhgj;jpw;fhft[k; Tl
cjtp bra;ayhnk-
w
- brhy;yg;nghdhy; ,j;jifa cjtpfs; xUtifapy; thzpfk; nghyj;jhd;.

- mnj cjtpiaf; fl;Lg;ghl;L czu;t[ld;/ cjtp bgWgtiu cwt[g;gh=;fpy;
7
vz;zp/ cupik cilatuhf epide;J/ cjtpbra;jtjw;Fg; gjpy; mtnu
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vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; cupikia tH=;Fjy; xg;g[ut[ MFk;.

2. CUzpiaa[k; kuj;ija[k; vLj;Jf;fhl;of; Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWk; bra;jpfs;
ahit>
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- CUzp/ njitg;gLnthu; midtUk; jz;zPu; vLj;Jf; Fog;gjw;F cupik

cilaJ/ mijj; jLg;ghu; ahUkpy;iy.
- CUzpj;jz;zPu; vLj;J mDgtpf;fg;gLtJ. gGj;j gad;kuj;jpd; fdpfis
midtUk; vLj;J mDgtpf;fyhk;.
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- gad;kuk; gH=;fisj; jUtJ cupik vy;iyfisf; ftdj;jpy; bfhz;ly;y.
- kUe;Jkuk; cjtp bra;jypy; jd;id kwe;j epiyapyhd gad;ghl;L epiy
xd;nw fhzg;bgWfpwJ.
ad
- neha[ilahu; vy;yhUk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. xg;g[uit tpsf;fg; gad;gLj;jpa[s;s
,e;j ctikfs; ,d;Wk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
rpe;jid tpdh
xg;g[ut[f;Fk; cjtpbra;jYf;Fk; ntWghL ahJ>
ik
cjtp bgWgtiu cwt[g;gh=;fpy; vz;zp/ cupik cilatuhf epidj;J/ cjtp
bra;jtjw;Fg; gjpy; mtnu vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; cupikia tH=;Fjy; xg;g[ut[.
g
,y;iy vd;W nfl;nghUf;F ehnk mtUf;Fj; njitahdijf; bfhLg;gJ cjtp U
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bra;jy;. xg;g[utpy; bgWgth; cwtpdh;. cjtp bra;jypy; bgWgth; ViHfs;
midtUk;.
al TLjy; tpdh
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3
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1. xg;g[ut[ bewpia mwpKfk; bra;tJ ??????????.
m) jpUf;Fws; M) ehyoahh; ,) g[wehD}W <) gHbkhHp [tpil : m]
2. bry;tj;jg; gand <jy; ? vd;W TWk; TWk; ??????????.
w
m) jpUf;Fws; M) g[wehD}W
,) mfehD}W <) gjpw;Wg;gj;J [tpil : M]
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3. njitg;gLnthu; midtUk; jz;zPu; vLj;Jf; Fog;gjw;F cupik cilaJ

??????????.
m) CUzp M) gad;kuk; ,) kUe;J kuk; <) xg;g[ut[ [tpil : m]
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4. CUzp/ gad;kuk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; E}y ??????????.

m) jpUf;Fws; M) g[wehD}W
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,) mfehD}W <) gjpw;Wg;gj;J [tpil : m]
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5. thH;f;ifapd; fUtp ??????????.

m) xg;g[ut[ M) bghUs; ,) tWik <) kUe;J [tpil : M]
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6. CUzpia mfH;e;jtd; ??????????.

m) jpUts;Sth; M) mg;guofs; ,) kdpjd; <) ts;sy; [tpil : ,]
7. bry;tj;Jg; gad; ?????????? thH;f;if.

m) xg;g[ut[ M) bghUs; ,) tWik <) kUe;J [tpil : m]
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.i
202
202 ` f=;fh `
al
FWtpdh
1. kdpjh;fs; jk; gilg;ghw;wy; bfhz;L gilj;jitahf Fd;wf;Fo mofshh; TWtd
ahit>
ad
 CUzp  gad;kuk;  kUe;J kuk;
2. vtw;iw kdpj thH;f;ifapy; eilbgWk; nghuhl;lk; vd;W Fd;wf;Fo mofshh;
TWfpd;whh;>
bghUs; <l;ly;/ nrh;j;jy;/ ghJfhj;jy; kdpj thH;tpy; eilbgWk; xU gzp
,y;iy xU nghuhl;lk; vd;fpd;whh; Fd;wf;Fo mofshh;.
ik
3. xg;g[ut[ bewp vd;why; vd;d>
mwbewpapy; bghUs; <l;oj; jhKk; thH;eJ
; gpwiua[k; thH itg;gnj xg;gu[ t[ bewp MFk;.
4. Fd;wf;Fo mofshh; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>
v
 ehad;khh; mor;Rtl;oy;  Fwl;bry;tk;  Mya=;fs; rKjha ika=;fs;
5. Fd;wf;Fo mofshh; elj;jpa ,jH;fs; ahit>
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 mUnshir  mwpf mwptpay;
rpWtpdh
al
1. CUzp / gad;kuk; gw;wp ts;Sth; Fwpg;gpLk; Fwl;ghf;fs; vit>
.k
kp ~~CUzp ePh;epiwe;J mw;nw cyfthk;
nguwp thsd; jpU.~~
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``gad;kuk; cs;Ah;g; gGj;jw;why; bry;tk;

eaDil ahd;fz; god;.~~
? Mfpad CUzp/ gad;kuk; gw;wp ts;Sth; Fwpg;gpLk; Fwl;ghf;fs; MFk;.
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fw;git fw;wgpd;
gpwUf;fhf ciHj;Jg; g[fH;bgw;w rhd;nwhu;fs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisj; jpul;o te;J

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tFg;giwapy; gfpu;f.
- ghhp/ jpUKof;fhhp/ ty;tpy; Xhp/ Ma; mz;oud;/ ngfd;/ es;sp/ mjpakhd;
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beLkhd+;rp Mfpa fil vGts;sy;fs; gpwUf;fhnt jk;thH;ehs; KGJk;
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thH;e;jth;fs;.
- rPjf;fhjp ViHfSf;fhfnt thH;e;jth;.
- fhe;jpaofs; ek; ehl;L kf;fSf;fhnt thH;e;jth;.
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- mk;ngj;fh;/ bghpahh;/ mnahj;jpjhrg; gz;ojh; jhH;j;jg;gl;l kf;fs; eyDf;fhfnt

thHe;jth;.
- md;id bju!h bjhGnehahspfs; kw;Wk; Mjutw;nwhUf;fhfnt thH;e;jth;.
vav
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.i
` f=;fh ` 203
al
,ay;
cz;ik xsp
2 tphpthdk;
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`cz;ik xsp~ glf;fijiaf; fijahfr; RUf;fp vGJf.
ik
Kd;Diu :
rPdh kw;Wk; $g;ghd; Mfpa ehLfspy; thH;e;J te;j Jwtpfs; b$d; Jwtpfs;.
mth;fspd; rpe;jidf; fijna b$d; fijfs;. mf;fijfSs; xd;W `cz;ik xsp.~
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FUt[k; rPlh;fSk; : U
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b$d; FUtplk; rpyh; ghlf; fw;Wf; bfhz;L ,Ue;jdh;. xU ehs; cz;ik xsp vJ>
vd;gijg; gw;wpg; ghlk; brhy;ypf; bfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;. grp/ jhfk;/ J}f;fk; Mfpait t
al
midj;J caph;fSf;Fk; xd;nw. ,ut[ gfy; nghy ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; khwp khwp
tUk; vd;W FU brhy;ypf; bfhLj;jhh;. gpwF rPlh;fsplk;/ ~`,Us; fiye;J btspr;rk;
te;Jtpl;lJ~~ vd;W vg;go mwptPh;fs;> vd;whh;.
k;
3
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cz;ik xsp :
mjw;F rPld; xUtd;/ ``bjhiytpy; bjhptJ Fjpiuah> fGijah> vd;gijf;
fhzf;Toa mst[ btspr;rk; ehd; mwpntd;~~ vd;whd;.kw;bwhUtd;/ ``bjhiytpy;
bjhptJ Mykukh> murkukh> vd;gijf; fhzf;Toa neuj;jpy; cz;ikahf
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tpoe;jij ehd; mwpntd;~~ vd;whd;. ,it vy;yhk; jtW vd;whh; FU. xU kdpjiuf;
fhQk; nghJ vd; cld; gpwe;jth; vd;W vg;nghJ czh;fpwPh;fnsh/ mg;nghJ jhd;
cz;ikahd xsp c=;fSf;Fs; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;gJ bghUs; vd;whh; FU.
w
FUit Vkhw;wpa jpUld; :

xU ehs; FU Fjpiuapy; mUfpy; cs;s rpw;W}Uf;Fg; g[wg;gl;Lr; bry;fpd;whh;.
rhiynahuj;jpy. xUtd; ka=;fpf; fple;jhd;. FU mtdplk; jz;zPh; bfhLj;J~
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eP ahh;>~ vd;W nfl;f/ mtd; `gf;fj;J Ch; bry;y ntz;Lk;. grpahy; ka=;fp
tpGe;Jtpl;nld;.~ vd;whd;. FU ,uf;fk; bfhz;L mtid Fjpiu kPJ mkur;bra;jhh;.
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Fjpiuia moj;J mtd; ntfkhfr; brd;W tpl;lhd;. mtd; jpUld; vd;gija[k; /
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jhd; Vkhw;wg;gl;lija[k; mwpe;jhh;.

jpUlDf;F mwpt[iu :
Fjpiu th=;f FU Fjpiur; re;ijf;Fr; brd;whh;. m=;F me;jj; jpUld; Fjpiuia
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tpw;Wf; bfhz;oUe;jhh;. FU ahhplKk; vija[k; brhy;yhnj- vd;whh;. mjw;F jpUld;/

,th; Vkhe;jJ ahUf;fhtJ bjhpe;jhy; mtkhdk; vd;W epidf;fpd;whnuh> vd;W
kdjpy;epidj;jhd;. mjw;F FU/ ehd; Vkhe;J nghdJ bjhpe;jhy; cz;ikapy;
rhiyapy; kaf;fk; mile;J ahh; fple;jhYk; mtUf;F ahUk; cjt khl;lh;fs;
vd;whh;.FUtpd; bgUikia epidj;J jiyFdpe;jhd; jpUld;.
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.i
402
204 ` f=;fh `
al
Kot[iu :
xUtiu Vkhw;WtJ kw;wth;fSf;Fr; bra;a[k; cjtpiaf;Tl jLf;Fk; vd;gij
,f;fij @yk; mwpaKofpd;wJ.
ad
fw;git fw;wgpd;
1. b$d; fijfspy; ntW rpytw;iw mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy; gfph;f.

kd epiwt[
ik
Xh; Chpy; bry;td; xUtd; thH;e;J te;jhd;. mtdplk; mst[f;fjpfkhfr; bry;tk;
,Ue;jJ. ntiyahl;fs; epiwa ngh; ,Ue;jdh;. Mdhy; mtdhy; kdk; epiwt[ld; thH
Koatpy;iy. xU ehs; me;j CUf;F b$d; Jwtp xUth; te;jhh;. mthplk; bry;te;jd;
v
jdf;F kdepiwt[f;F tHp brhy; ntz;odhd;. Jwtp @d;W fy;iyr; bry;te;jidj;
J}f;fj; bra;J kiy kPJ mtdhy; VwKoatpy;iy. kpft[k; fdkhf cs;sJ /vd;dhy;
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al
J}f;f Koatpy;iy vd;whd;. Jwtp xUfy;iyj; J}f;fpg; nghlr; brhd;dhh;. ,nj
nghynt xt;bthU Kiwa[k; Tw xt;bthU fy;yha; J}f;fpg; nghlr; brhd;dhh;.
,Wjpapy; Jwtp ,g;nghJ ghuk; Fiwe;jjh> vd;whh;. bry;te;jUk; /Mk;- vd;whh;.
cd;dplk; cs;s mstpy;yhj bry;tk;jhd; ghuk;. mjid ViHfSf;F bfhLj;Jtpl
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kp ghuk; Fiwe;J cd;kdk; epiwtila[k; vd;whh;. mtDk; mg;gona bra;J kd
epiwt[ mile;njd;.
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tpLfijfs; ? tpilfs;
w
1 . Crp 2. Ks; 3. Nhpad; 4. mfg;ig 5. thiH 6. el;rj;jpuk;

7. thdk; 8. mzpy; 9. bjhlh;tz;o 10. kpsfha; 11. kiH 12. ej;ij
13. fofhuk; 14. Crp 15. kpUj=;fk; 16. tisay; 17. kuk; 18. jz;zPh;
w
19. kiH 20. bgl;nuhy; 21. vWk;g[fs; 22. tpah;it 23. cg;g[ 24. Fsph;
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25. Fil 26. epyh 27. k+;rs; 28. rPg;g[ 29. ehf;F 30. nj=;fha;
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31. jiyKo 32. thiHg;g{ 33. ,iy 34. fUk;g[ 35. njd;TL 36. kpd;rhuk;
37. kpsfha; 38. ifj;jo
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.i
` f=;fh ` 205
al
,ay;
mzp ,yf;fzk;
2 fw;fz;L
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FWtpdh:
ik
g
1. cUtf mzpia tpsf;Ff.
ctik ntW/ ctkpf;fg;gLk; bghUs; ntW vd;wpy;yhky; ,uz;Lk; xd;nw
vd;gJ njhd;Wk;go TWtJ cUtf mzpahFk;.
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rhd;W : `ìtafk; jfHpahf thh;fly; bea;ahf~~
g{kp mfy; tpsf;fhft[k; / fly; bea;ahft[k; cUtfg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sjhy;/ cUtf
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2.
mzp Mapw;W.
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cUtf mzpf;Fk; Vfnjr cUtf mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
cUtf mzp Vfnjr cUtf mzp
k;
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,U bghUs;fSf;Fk; cUtfg; ,UbghUs;fSs; xd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jp
gLj;jJjy;. kw;bwhd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jhky; tUtJ.
w
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;

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1. xU bghUis tpsf;f kw;bwhU bghUis ctikahff; TWtJ ?????????.

m) ctik mzp M) cUtf mzp
,) Vfnjr cUtf mzp <) vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp [tpil : m]
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2. `ìtafk; jfHpahf thh;fly; bea;ahf~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ghlypy; ,lk;bgWk; mzp

?????????.
7 m) ctik mzp M) cUtf mzp

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: M] ,) Vfnjr cUtf mzp <) vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp

3. ,UbghUs;fSs; xd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jp kw;bwhd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jhky; tUtJ
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m) ctik mzp M) cUtf mzp
,) Vfnjr cUtf mzp <) vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp [tpil : ,]
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.i
602
206 ` f=;fh `
al
FWtpdh
1. ctik/ cUtfk; ? tpsf;Ff.
ad
ctik cUtfk;
`njd; nghd;w jkpH;~ vd;W TWtJ `jkpH;j;njd;~ vd;W TWtJ cUtfk;.
ctik MFk;.
2. Vfnjr cUtf mzp vd;why; vd;d> rhd;W jUf.
ik
,UbghUs;fSs; xd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jp kw;bwhd;iw cUtfg;gLj;jhky;
tUtJ/ Vfnjr cUtf mzp MFk;.
rhd;W : bgUikf;Fk; Vidr; rpWikf;Fk; jj;jk;
v
fUnk fl;lisf; fy;. ? jpUf;Fws;
fw;git fw;wgpd;
j ctik
al
ctikj;bjhlh;fis vGjp mtw;iw cUtf=;fshf khw;Wf.
cUtfk; ctik cUtfk;
.k
kyh; nghd;w Kfk; Kfkyh; fay; nghd;w tpHp tpHpf;fay;
kp Kj;Jg; nghd;w gy; gy;Kj;J gtsk; nghy tha; tha;g;gtsk;
H; g{ nghd;w tpuy; tpuw;g{ njd; nghd;w jkpH; jkpH;j;njd;

w
kjp nghd;w Kfk; Kfkjp mKjk; nghd;w jkpH; jkpHKjk;

Fapy; nghd;w Fuy; Fuy; Fapy; bfht;it nghy; ,jH; ,jH;f;bfht;it
bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
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ngRf.
ePjpf; fij xd;iw mwpe;J te;J tFg;giwapy; ngRf.
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Xh; Chpy; bry;td; xUtd; thH;e;J te;jhd;. mtdplk; mst[f;fjpfkhfr; bry;tk;

,Ue;jJ. ntiyahl;fs; epiwa ngh; ,Ue;jdh;. Mdhy; mtdhy; kdk; epiwt[ld;
thH Koatpy;iy. xU ehs; me;j CUf;F b$d; Jwtp xUth; te;jhh;. mthplk;
7 bry;te;jd; jdf;F kdepiwt[f;F tHp brhy; ntz;odhd;. Jwtp @d;W fy;iyr;

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bry;te;jidj; J}f;fj; bra;J kiy kPJ mtdhy; VwKoatpy;iy. kpft[k; fdkhf

cs;sJ /vd;dhy; J}f;f Koatpy;iy vd;whd;. Jwtp xUfy;iyj; J}f;fpg; nghlr;
brhd;dhh;. ,nj nghynt xt;bthU Kiwa[k; Tw xt;bthU fy;yha; J}f;fpg; nghlr;
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brhd;dhh;. ,Wjpapy; Jwtp ,g;nghJ ghuk; Fiwe;jjh> vd;whh;. bry;te;jUk;/ Mk;-

vd;whh;. cd;dplk; cs;s mstpy;yhj bry;tk; jhd; ghuk;. mjid ViHfSf;F
bfhLj;Jtpl ghuk; Fiwe;J cd;kdk; epiwtila[k; vd;whh;. mtDk; mg;gona
bra;J kd epiwt[ mile;njd;.
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.i
` f=;fh ` 207
al
1. bgha;ifahH;thh; jpUbtBfh vd;Dk; Chpy; gpwe;jhh;.
2. ,dpa brhy;iyna tpisepykhff; bfhs;sntz;Lk;.
ad
3. thH;f;if Fwpf;nfhs; cilaJ.
4. bry;tj;Jg; gad; xg;g[ut[ thH;f;if.
5. ctika[k; ctnkaKk; xd;whf miktJ cUtf mzp.
ik
mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jnthk;.
VnjDk; xd;iw mwpe;J bfhs;tjw;fhf tpdtg;gLtJ tpdhthFk; tpdh nfl;fg;
g
gad;gLj;Jk; brhw;fs; tpdhr;brhw;fs; vdg;gLk;.
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`vJ/ vd;d/ v=;F/ vg;go/ vj;jid/ vg;bghGJ/ vtw;iw/ vjw;F/ Vd;/ ahh;/ ahJ/
ahit nghd;wd tpdhr; brhw;fs; MFk;.
1.
al
rhpahd tpdhr;brhy;iy ,l;L epug;g[f.
bey;iyag;gh; nfhtpy; ????????? cs;sJ> tpil : v=;F
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3
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2. Kjy; MH;thh;fs; ????????? ngh;> tpil : @d;W
3. ????????? brhw;fisg; ngr ntz;Lk;> tpil : vg;gog;gl;l

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4. mwbewpr; rhuk; ghliy ?????????> tpil : ahh;
5. mwbewpr; rhuk; vd;gjd; bghUs; ?????????> tpil : ahJ

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gpd;tUk; bjhliug; goj;J tpdhf;fs; vGJf.

g{=;bfho jd; njhHpa[ld; jp=;fl;fpHik fhiyapy; ngUe;jpy; Vwpg; gs;spf;Fr; brd;whs;.
(v.fh.) g{=;bfho gs;spf;F vg;gor; brd;whs;>
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1. g{=;bfho ahUld; gs;spf;Fr; brd;whs;>

2. g{=;bfhovg;bghGJ gs;spf;Fr; brd;whs;>
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3. g{=;bfho njhHpa[ld; v=;F brd;whs;>
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jiyg;g[r;brhw;fis KG brhw;bwhlh;fshf vGJf.

(v.fh) jiyg;g[r;bra;jp : jkpHfj;jpy; tlfpHf;Fg; gUt kiH bjhlf;fk; ? thdpiy
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ikak; mwptpg;g[.
tpil : jkpHfj;jpy; tlfpHf;Fg; gUt kiH bjhl=;fp cs;sJ vd;W thdpiy ikak;
mwptpj;Js;sJ.
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.i
802
208 ` f=;fh `
al
1. rhiyapy; fple;j gzj;ij chpathplk; xg;gilj;j khztd; ? khtl;l Ml;rpah;
ghuhl;L.
rhiyapy; fple;j gzj;ij chpathplk; xg;gilj;j khztid khtl;l Ml;rpah;
ad
ghuhl;odhh;.
2. jKf;fk; ikjhdj;jpy; g[j;jff; fz;fhl;rp bjhlf;fk; ? kf;fs; Mh;tj;Jld; tUif.
jKf;fk; ikjhdj;jpy; g[j;jff; fz;fhl;rp bjhlf;fpaij mLj;J/ mijf; fhz kf;fs;
Mh;tj;Jld; tUif je;jdh;.
ik
3. njrpa mstpyhd ifg;ge;Jg; nghl;o ? jkpHf mzp btw;wp.
njrpa mstpyhd ifg;ge;Jg; nghl;oapy; jkpHf mzp btw;wp bgw;Ws;sJ.
4. khtl;l mstpyhd mwptpay; fz;fhl;rp ? VHhk; tFg;g[ khztp Kjyplk;.
v
khtl;l mstpyhd mwptpay; fz;fhl;rpapy; VHhk; tFg;g[ khztp Kjyplk; bgw;Ws;shh;.
5. khepy mstpyhd ngr;Rg; nghl;o ? brd;idapy; ,d;W bjhlf;fk;.
j fl;Liu vGJf.
al
khepy mstpyhd ngr;Rg; nghl;oahdJ brd;idapy; ,d;W bjhl=;f cs;sJ.
xw;Wikna cah;t[
.k
kp Kd;Diu
H; jdp kuk; njhg;ghfhJ. mJnghy jdpj;jpUe;jhy; btw;wp fpilf;fhJ. xw;Wikahf

w
,Ue;jhy; kl;Lnk cah;t[ fpilf;Fk;.

rhd;nwhh; bghd;bkhHp
`xd;nw Fyk; xUtnd njtd;~ vd;whh; jpU@yh; . `gpwg;bghf;Fk; vy;yh caph;f;Fk;~
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vd;whh; jpUts;Sth;. `xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L thH;t[~ vd;whh; ghujpahh;. ,g;gog;gl;l

rhd;nwhhpd; bghd;bkhHpfs; xw;Wikahf thH ntz;Lk; vd;gij typa[Wj;Jfpd;wJ.
xw;Wikapd; cah;t[
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tPl;oy; cs;s midtUk; xw;Wikahf ,Ue;jhy; ,e;jf; FLk;gk; cah;tila[k;.

me;jf; FLk;gk; cah;e;jhy;/ me;j Ch; caUk; / me;j Ch; cah;e;jhy; me;j efunk caUk;.
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xw;Wikahy; me;j efuk; cah;e;jhy; ek; ehnl caUk;. ek; kf;fs; fhe;jpaofSld;
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xw;Wikahfr; bray;gl;ljhy; jhd; ekf;F tpLjiya[k; fpilj;jJ.

xw;Wikapd; tpist[
g[ay;/ Rdhkp/ bts;sg; bgUf;F/ g{fk;gk; nghd;w ,aw;ifr; rPw;w=;fs; Vw;gLk;
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nghJ vy;yhk; gy r@f nrit mikg;g[fs; xd;W To xw;Wika[ld; Xnlho

kf;fisf; fhg;gw;wpdh;. mJkl;Lk; my;yhJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F epthuzg;
bghUl;fisa[k; tH=;fp/ ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fspd; thH;tpl=;fis kPz;Lk;
fl;likj;Jf; bfhLj;jdh;.
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.i
` f=;fh ` 209
al
xUika[zh;t[
my;yh/ ,naR/ rptd; Mfpa Kk;kjf; flt[s;fSk; @d;bwGj;jpy; xd;Wgl;L
epw;gijg; ghh;f;Fk; nghJ ehk; midtUk; xd;Wgl;L kjey;ypzf;fj;njhL
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thHntz;Lk; vd;gij ehk; g[hpe;J bfhs;sntz;Lk;.
Kot[iu
kjk;/ rhjp/ ,dk; Mfpa ntWghL ,d;wp kf;fs; midtUk; xw;Wikahf
thH ntz;Lk;. mg;bghGJ jhd; ehl;oy; xw;Wik epyt[k; vd;gij mwpe;J
ik
bray;gLnthk;.
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
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(v.fh) fUk;gyif/ tFg;giw/ ghlg; g[j;jfk;/ khzth;fs;/
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fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fisg; bgah;r;brhy;yhft[k; tpidr;brhy;yhft[k;
bjhlh;fs; cUthf;Ff. (tpij / fl;L/ go / epyt[ / ehL / ML)
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(v.fh.) tpij ?1. tpij bey; th=;fpdhd;. 2. nrhsk; tpijj;jhd;.

fl;L ? 1. fl;Lr;nrhW cz;lhd;. 2. tPL fl;odhd;.
go ? 1. gof;fl;oy; mkh;e;jhd;. 2. E}iyg; goj;jjhd;.
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epyt[ ? 1. epyitg; ghh;j;jhd;. 2. fLk; btg;gk; epyt[fpwJ.

ehL ? 1. ehl;il nerp. 2. E}yfj;ij ehodhd;.
ML ? 1. ML g[y; jpd;Dk;. 2. ehl;oak; Modhs;.
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kdg;ghlg; ghly;
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ahidahy; ahidahj; jw;W.
cWgrpa[k; Xthg; gpzpa[k; brWgifa[k;
nruhJ ,ay;tJ ehL.
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gpwg;bghf;Fk; vy;yh caph;f;Fk; rpwg;g[xt;th
bra;bjhHpy; ntw;Wik ahd;.
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: jpUf;Fws;
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kp Mrphpah;
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: jpUts;Sth;
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ntWbgah;fs; : bre;ehg;nghjhh;/ bgha;apy;gy

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brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
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tpid ? bray; gpzp ? neha;

Xth ? Xahj khl;rp ? rpwg;g[
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rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;f.
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m) fhL M) tay;
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m) gpwg;ghy; M) epwj;jhy;
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` f=;fh ` 211
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3. èhbld;g~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????.
m) ehd; + vd;g M) eh + bld;gJ
,) ehL + vd;g <) ehL + nld;g [tpil : ,]
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4. fz; + ,y;yJ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; brhy ?????????.
m) fzp,y;yJ M) fzpy;yJ
,) fz;zpy;yhJ <) fz;zpy;yJ [tpil : <]
gpd;tUk; Fwl;ghf;fspy; ctikazp gapd;W tUk; Fwisj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
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1. gpwg;bghf;Fk; vy;yh caph;f;Fk; rpwg;g[xt;th
bra;bjhHpy; ntw;Wik ahd;.
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2. tpidahy; tpidahf;fpf; nfhly; eidft[s; U
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3. fw;whh;Kd; fw;w bryr;brhy;ypj; jhk; fw;w t
kpf;fhUs; kpf;f bfhsy;.
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tpil : 2. tpidahy; tpidahf;fpf; nfhly; eidft[s;
k;
3
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FW tpdh
1. xU braiyr; bra;a vtw;iwbay;yhk; Muha ntz;Lk;>
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bghUs;/ fUtp/ fhyk;/ braypd; jd;ik/ chpa ,lk; Mfpa Ie;Jk; Muha;e;J
mwpe;J xU braiyr; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
2. xU ehl;Lf;F vitbay;yhk; muz;fshf mika[k;>
w
 bjspe;j ePh;  epyk;  kiy  epHy; cila fhL

? Mfpa ehd;Fk; xU ehl;ow;F muz;fs; MFk;.
3. rpwe;j ehl;od; ,ay;g[fshf ts;Sth; TWtd ahit>
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kpf;f grp/ Xahj neha[k;/ mHpt[ bra;a[k; gif nruhky; ey;ytifapy; eilbgWtnj
ehL MFk;.bghpa mstpy; Kaw;rp ,y;yhky; tsk; jUk; ehnl rpwe;j ehL.
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gl=;fSf;F bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
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cWgrpa[k; xthg; gpzpa[k; brWgifa[k;
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kp 2. gpzp vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; bghUs; ????????????.
m) cyfk; M) neha; ,) bray; <) fhyk; [tpil : M]
H; 3. gpwg;bghf;Fk; ??????????? caph;f;Fk;.

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m) vy;yh M) midj;J ,) kf;fs; <) ,ay;g[ [tpil : m]
FW tpdh:
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1. braiy vg;gor; bra;a ntz;Lk;>

xU ahid bfhz;L kw;bwhU ahidiag; gpog;gh;. mJnghy xU braiyr;
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2. fw;wtUs; kpft[k; fw;wtuhf kjpf;fg;gLgth; ahh;>
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jhk; fw;wtw;iwf; fw;wth; Kd; bjspthfr; brhy;gtnu fw;wtUs; kpft[k; fw;wtuhf
kjpf;fg;gLgth; Mth;.
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gpwg;ghy; kf;fs; midtUk; rkk;/ Mdhy; mtuth; bra;a[k; ed;ik/ jPikahfpar;
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bray;fshy; ,th;fsJ rpwg;gpay;g[fs; xj;jpUg;gjpy;iy.

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` f=;fh ` 213
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khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
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1. ``,lh; MHp eP=;Ffnt ~~ ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs; ??????????.
m) Jd;gk; M) kfpH;r;rp ,) Mh;tk; <) ,d;gk;
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m) ,dpa + brhy; M) ,d;ik + brhy;
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al <) ,d; + brhy;
tWikiag; gpzp vd;Wk; bry;tj;ij ???????? vd;Wk; TWtu;. k;
3
m) kUe;J M) kUj;Jtu; ,) kUj;Jtkid <) khj;jpiu
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II. bghUj;Jf. 4x1=4
4. md;g[ ? bea;
5. Mh;tk; ? jfsp
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6. rpe;ij ? tpsf;F
7. +hdk; ? ,Ljphp
III. FWtpil jUf.
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2x2=4
8. bgha;ifahH;thUk; g{jj;jhH;thUk; mfy;tpsf;fhf vtw;iw
cUtfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;>
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9. ePf;fntz;oa fis vd;W mwbewpr; rhuk; vjidf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ>

IV. rpW tpil jUf. 2x3=6
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10. g{jj;jhH;thh; +hdtpsf;F Vw;Wk; Kiwia tpsf;Ff.
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11. CUzpiaa[k; kuj;ija[k; vLj;Jf;fhl;of; Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWk; bra;jpfs;

ahit>
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vy;yhk; nrhiytdk;-
jika[k; thl;og; gpwiua[k; thl;Lk;
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jd;dhL vd;Wk; gpwh;ehL vd;Wk;
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ngRk; bgha;a[wt[-
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vj;jid tPz;fdt[ ? jpdk;
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kp ,jak; kiyast[-
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rpwg;g[g;bgah; : ftpauR
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vGjpa[s;shh;.
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jkpHf muritf; ftp+uhft[k; ,Ue;Js;shh;.

gilg;g[fs; : Ml;ldj;jp Mjpke;jp/ Fkhpf; fhz;lk;/
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
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rhe;jk; ? mikjp kfj;Jtk; ? rpwg;g[

ngj=;fs; ? ntWghLfs; jhuzp ? cyfk;
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` f=;fh ` 215
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1. kdpj thH;f;ifapy; njitg;gLtJ ????????????.
m) gzk; M) bghWik ,) g[fH; <) tPL [tpil : M]
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m) g[j;jfk; M) bry;tk; ,) cyfk; <) Jd;gk; [tpil : ,]
3. `kiyast[~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????????.

m) kiy + ast[ M) kiy + mst[
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m) jd; + dhL
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`jd;dhL~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????????.
M) jd;ik + ehL
<) jd;ik + ehL [tpil : ,]
k;
3
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5. ,it + ,y;yhJ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fpilg;gJ ????????????.
m) ,itapy;yhJ M) ,it,y;yhJ
,) ,tapy;yhJ <) ,t,y;yhJ [tpil : m]
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bghUj;Jf.
tpdh : tpil :
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1. rhe;jk; ? rpwg;g[ 1. rhe;jk; ? mikjp

2. kfj;Jtk; ? cyfk; 2. kfj;Jtk; ? rpwg;g[
3. jhuzp ? fUiz 3. jhuzp ? cyfk;
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4. ,uf;fk; ? mikjp 4. ,uf;fk; ? fUiz
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1. ,e;j cyfk; ahUf;F chpaJ>

rhe;jk; vd;w mikjpahd gz;g[ bfhz;lth;fSf;nf ,e;j cyfk; chpaJ.
2. cyfk; epiyjLkhwf; fhuzk; ahJ>
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rhjpfSk; fUj;J ntWghLfSk; cyfk; epiyjLkhwf; fhuzk; MFk;.

3. thH;f;if ky;h;r;nrhiyahf khw vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;>
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rhe;jk; gw;wp ,naR fhtpak; TWtd ahit>
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ad
mth;fns jiyth;fs; vd;w cz;ikia ,naRehjh; Twpdhh;.
- thH;f;ifapy; njitg;gLtJ bghWik. mJ kz;iza[k; tpz;iza[k;
Ml;rpbra;a[k; bgUik cilaJ vd;whh;.
- rhjpfSk; fUj;J ntWghLfSk; cyfk; epiyjLkhWfpd;wJ.
ik
- mwj;ij ek;gpdhy; rz;il ,y;yhky; cyfk; mikjpahfptpLk;.
- bghUs; <l;LtjpYk; mwtHpiag; gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;.
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rpe;jid tpdh
vy;yh kf;fSk; xw;Wikahf thH vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;>
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vy;yh kf;fSk; xw;Wikahf thH kjk;/ rhjp/ ,dk;/ bkhHp/ ViH/ gzf;fhud;
Mfpad xHpa ntz;Lk;. bghwhik/ td;Kiw/ mwpahik Mfpad mHpe;J
kdpjneak; kyu ntz;Lk;.midtUk; xd;bwdf; fUj ntz;Lk;.
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kp
TLjy; tpdh

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1. Kj;ijah vd;Dk; ,aw;bgah; bfhz;l ftp+h; ??????????.

,) Rujh <) fz;zjhrd; [tpil : <]
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2. ,naR fhtpaj;ij ,aw;wpath; ??????????.

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4. Mirapy; tpGe;j kdpj thH;t[ ????????? nghd;wJ.

m) ghiytdk; M) kyh;nrhiy ,) cyfk; <) mikjp [tpil : m]
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` f=;fh ` 217
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FW tpdh
1. ,iwtdpd; ,uf;fj;ij bgWnthh; ahh;>
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,uf;fk; cilatnu ngW bgw;wth; Mth;. mth;fs; gpw caph;fspd; kPJ ,uf;fk;
fhl;o ,iwtdpd; ,uf;fj;ijg; bgWth;.
2. Mirapy; tpGe;jtd; thH;t[ gw;wp fz;zjhrd; TWtdtw;iw vGJf.
kdpjd; Mirapy; tpGe;Jtpl;lhy; mtdJ thH;t[ ghiytdk; nghy;
gadw;wjhfptpLk;.
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3. thH;f;if kyh;r;nrhiyahf khWk; vg;nghJ> g
kdpjd; ey;y cs;sj;njhL thH;e;jhy;/ mtd; thH;f;if kyh;r;nrhiyahf
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kdpjh;fs; rz;ilr; rr;rut[fshy; jhKk; Jd;g[w;Wg; gpwiua[k; Jd;g[Wj;Jfpd;wdh;.
nkYk; ,th;fs; jd;dhL vd;Wk;/ gpwh; ehL vd;Wk; ngrp cz;ikapy;yh cwt[fshf
thH;fpd;wdh;.
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muritf; ftp+uhft[k; ,Ue;Js;shh;.
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4. gilg;g[fs; : Ml;ldj;jp Mjpke;jp/ Fkhpf; fhz;lk;/ nrukhd; fhjyp/ kh=;fdp/

ijg;ghit/ ,naR fhtpak; Kjypad.
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fw;git fw;wgpd;
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kfSf;Fr; brhd;d fij.
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al
TLfl;lj; bjhpahj gwit ?????????.
m) fhf;if M) Fapy;
<) J}f;fzh=;FUtp [tpil : M]
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2. `jhbdhU` vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; fpilg;gJ ?????????.
kp m) jh + xU M) jhd; + bdhU ,) jhd; + xU <) jhnd + xU [tpil : ,]
H; FWtpdh
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1. fhf;if Vd; Fapy; F+;irg; nghfr;brhd;dJ>

fhf;iff;Ff; Tl;oy; cs;sJ fhf;iff; F+;R my;y/ Fapy; F+;R jhd; vd;W xUehs;
bjhpate;jJ. vdnt/ ,dp ehk; nrh;e;J thH KoahJ vd;W Twp Fapy; F+;irg;
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nghfr; brhd;dJ.
2. Fapy; F+;R jd;id vg;nghJ `Fapy;` vd czh;e;jJ>
xU tpoaypy; Fapy; F+;R ``T~~ vd;W TtpaJ. md;W jhd; xU `Fapy;` vd czh;ej
; J.
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Fapy; F+;R jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; thHj; bjhl=;fpa epfH;it vGJf.
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xUehs; bjhpate;jJ. vdnt/ ,dp ehk; nrh;e;J thH KoahJ vd;W Twp Fapy;
F+;irg; nghfr; brhd;dJ.
- mjdhy; jha; fhf;ifiatpl;Lr; bry;y Koatpy;iy. me;j kuj;jpnyna thH
Muk;gpj;jJ. `fh~ vd;W fj;j Kaw;rpj;jJ/ mjdhy; Koatpy;iy.
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- mjw;Ff; TLfl;lj; bjhpahJ. mk;kh/ mg;gh/ njhHh; ahUk; ,y;iy.Fsph;/ kiH/

btapy; Mfpatw;iwf; fle;jJ. jhnd ,iu njlj; bjhl=;fpaJ.
- thH;ifia thHg; gHfptpl;lJ. xU tpoaypy; Fapy; F+;R ``T~~ vd;W TtpaJ/
md;W jhd; xU `Fapy;` vd czh;e;jJ.
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c=;fsplk; cs;s jdpj;jd;ikfshf eP=;fs; fUJtd ahit>
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TLjy; tpdh
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m) kiH gw;wpa gfph;jy;fs; M) tPL KGf;f thdk; t
2.
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al <) vJt[kpy;iy
Fapy; ??????????d; Tl;oy; Kl;ilapl;lJ.
[tpil : ,]
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m) fhf;if M) FUtp ,) Fapy; <) g[wh [tpil : m]
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Fapy; fhf;ifapd; Tl;oy; Kl;ilapl;lJ.

2. fhf;ifiag; nghyf; fiua Kad;wJ vJ>
Fapy; F+;R fhf;ifiag; nghyf; fiua Kad;wJ.
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3. jd;id mwpjy; vd;w ftpijapd; cl;bghUs; ahJ>

`èhKk; ekJ Mw;wiy czh;e;J bfhz;lhy; thH;tpy; rhjidfs; g[hpayhk;.~~
4. ftp+h; nr.gpUe;jh Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
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- g[fH;bgw;w bgz;ftp+h;fSs; xUth; nr.gpUe;jh.

- kiH gw;wpa gfph;jy;fs; / tPL KGf;f thdk; / kfSf;Fr; brhd;d fij Mfpad
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,tuJ gilg;g[fs; MFk;.
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itj;jy; Mfpa epfH;t[fs; eilbgWk;. mj;jid epfH;t[fspy; jh=;fSk; khkht[k;
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jPia mizf;f Kaw;rpf;f ntz;Lk;. Milapy; jPg;gpoj;jhy; jiuapy; gLj;J cUs
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kpd; J}f;fpiag; gad;gLj;jf; TlhJ. vz;bza;j; jPapy; ePiu Cw;wf; TlhJ.
jPf;fhak; gl;l ,lj;jpy; vz;bza;/ ngdh ik Mfpatw;iwj; jltf; TlhJ.
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clypy; jPg;gw;wpdhy; jiuapy; gL;j;J cUs ntz;Lk;. jPf;fhak; gl;l ,lj;ij
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9. fhapnj kpy;yj; bgah;f;fhuzk; gw;wp vGJf>
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10. Fapy; F+;R jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; thHj; bjhl=;fpa epfH;it vGJf.
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15. mwf;fjph; tpisa vjid vUthf ,lntz;Lk; vd Kidg;ghoahh; TWfpwhh;>
16. bgha;ifMH;thh; vjw;fhfg; ghkhiy Nl;odhh;>
ad
17. bghUsPl;Ltjd; nehf;fkhff; Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWtJ ahJ>
18. `bghUs; VJk; ,y;yhj tPLfns ,y;iy~ ? vt;thW>
19. cHtu;fs; vg;nghJ ez;L gpoj;jdu;>
20. jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; fpis MWfs; ahit>
ik
22. fhapnj kpy;yj; bgah;f;fhuzk; gw;wp vGJf>
23. Fapy; F+;R jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; thHj; bjhl=;fpa epfH;it vGJf.
24. fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fs; gw;wp je;ij bghpahh; TwpaJ ahJ>
III. mogpwHhky; vGJf.
v
3+2=5
25. ìtafk; jfspah ~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; g[Jik tpsf;Fg; ghly;.
26. cWgrp vdj; bjhl=;Fk; Fwl;ghit vGJf.
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IV.
27.
28.
cUtf mzpia tpsf;Ff.
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vitnaDk; @d;wDf;Fr; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f.
ctik/ ctnkak;/ ctk cUg[ tpsf;Ff.

3x2=6
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kp
29. ctik mzpf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
30. mzp vd;why; vd;d>
H; 31. xU bgah;r;brhy; vg;nghJ MFbgah; MFk;>

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32. m) g{jj;jhH;thh; +hdtpsf;F Vw;Wk; Kiwia tpsf;Ff.
(my;yJ)
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M) cHt[j;bjhHpypd; epfH;t[fis tupirg;gLj;jp vGJf.

33. m) xg;g[ut[f;F mofshu; jUk; tpsf;fk; ahJ>
(my;yJ)
M) jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpapy; eilbgWk; cHt[j; bjhHpy; Fwpj;J vGJf.
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VI. fPH;f;fhQk; tpdhf;fSf;F xU gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f. 2 x 5 = 10

34. `cz;ik xsp~ glf;fijiaf; fijahfr; RUf;fp vGJf.
7 35. gpd;tUk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf.

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36. c=;fs; Chpy; eilbgWk; jpUtpHhitf; fhz tUkhW miHg;g[ tpLj;J
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; f
; hQk; brhw;fisg; bgah;rb
; rhy;yhft[k; tpidr;brhy;yhft[k; bjhlh;fs; cUthf;Ff.
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7th STD Tamil Guide - Ganga Guide 2022

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▶ E}y; btsp ▶ TLjy; tpdhf;fs;

▶ kjpg;gPl;L tpdhf;fs; ▶ kdg;ghlg; ghly;fs;

SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS

Account Name : Sri Ganga Publication : Sri Ganga Publication

Branch Name : Ashok Nagar Branch Name : Palayamkottai

SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS

(A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP)

Corporate Office : Registered Office :

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thH;f jkpH;- tsh;f jkpH; czh;t[--

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- bfhy;yhikiaf; Fwpf;nfhshft[k; bgha;ahikiaf; bfhs;ifahft[k; bfhz;L/

nghy ,dpikahdJ/ J}a;ikahdJ/ Ritkpf;fJ/ ,d;gk; bfhLg;gJ jkpH;. vdnt

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

4. bghHpfpw ? <) Fwpf;nfhs;

2. ehkf;fy; ftp+h; vd;wiHf;fg;gLgth;

6. ``bghUs;bgw ahiua[k; g[fHhJ

m) bfhy;yh M) tpujk; ,) Fwp <) bewp [tpil : M]

8. ``fj;jpapd;wp ,uj;j kpd;wp

a[j;jbkhd;W tUFJ~~ ? ,t;tofisg; ghoath;

nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f

2. cyfbkhHpfspy; bjhd;ikahdJ tpil : jkpH;bkhHp

4. kiyf; fs;sd; / r=;bfhyp / vd; fij vd;Dk; E}y;fis vGjpath;

- thH;t[f;Fj; njitahd md;iga[k; mwj;ija[k; TWtJ.

2. ehkf;fy; ftp+h; bt. ,uhkyp=;fdhh; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

- rpwg;g[ : jkpHwp+h;/ ftp+h;/ tpLjiyg;nghuhl;l tPuh;/ jkpHfj;jpd; Kjy; muritf; ftp+h;.

mJnt jkpHd; FuyhFk;

gz;L bra;j g[z;zp ae;jhd;

1. xw;iwf; fhJf;fhud;/ xo xo ntyp milfpwhd;. mJ vd;d>

2. rpd;dj;jk;gp Fdpa tr;rhd;. mJ vd;d>

7. ftp ? ftp+d;(my;yJ) g[ytd; 8. mUs; ? ,uf;fk;

ghlE}y; kjpg;gPl;L tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

2. thdpy; Tl;lk; jpuz;lhy; kiH bghHpa[k;

3. ’,uz;ly;y’ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; ghh;j;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ

,) ,uz;L + ,y;y <) ,uz;L + my;y [tpil : <]

4. `je;Jjt[k’; vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; ghh;j;J vGjf;fpilg;gJ

H; - ghpghly;/ fyk;gf E}y;fs;/ vl;Lj;bjhif/ jpUf;Fws;/ r=;f,yf;fpa=;fs;

? Mfpad jkpGf;F tsk; nrh;f;Fk; ,yf;fpa tiffshff; ftp+h; TWfpwhh;.

- r=;ffhyj;jpd; ,Wjpg;gFjp Mlk;guKk; MuthuKk; kpf;fJ.

- jkpHfj;jpd; mfg;g[w xGf;f=;fs; ghJfhf;fg;glhky; xJf;fg;gl;ld.