Wa0010.

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com
jkpH;
bkhHp gapw;rp g[j;jfk;
,ay; thhpahf tpdhf;fs; kw;Wk; midj;J bkhHp gapw;rp jiyg;g[fs;
tpilfSld;
12
ciuahrpupau;fs;:
Kidtu; rp. gue;jhkd;/ M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil, Ph.D., n$. ju;kuh$; n$Rjh!;/ M.A., M.Ed.,
KJfiyj;jkpHhrpupau;/ flY}u;. cjtpj; jiyikahrpupau;/ jpz;Lf;fy;.
k.uhgu;l;/ M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil. Ph.D., FUro vk;.V. b$y!;od;/ M.A., B.Ed. M.Phil.,
KJfiyj;jkpHhrpupau;/ ghisa=;nfhl;il. KJfiyj;jkpHhrpupau;/ ehfu;nfhtpy;.
rp. $hz; @ khlrhkp/ M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil. nf.Mu;. k+;Rsh

KJfiyj;jkpHhrpupau;/ ghisa=;nfhl;il. KJfiyj;jkpHhrpupia/ kJiu.
SURYA PUBLICATIONS
(A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP) ,ytr
Tirunelveli - Chennai ,izg;g[
www.nammakalvi.com
(ii)
Published By
B. ARUMUGAM
SURYA PUBLICATIONS
(A unit of Shyamala Group)
OUR BANK DETAILS
Account Name :4 SURYA PUBLICATIONS

Account Number :4 446971431
Bank Name :4 INDIAN BANK
IFSC Code :4 IDIB000T034
Branch Name :4 TIRUNELVELI JUNCTION
Account Name : SURYA PUBLICATIONS

Account Number : 510909010051752
Bank Name : CITY UNION BANK
IFSC Code : CIUB0000230
Branch Name : PALAYAMKOTTAI
®
SURYA PUBLICATIONS
(A unit of Shyamala Group)
No. 1, Sugar Mill Colony, Phone : 0462 - 2338899, 2338484.
Salai Kumaran illam, Mobile : 94431-58484,
Madurai Road, 94421-58484,
Tirunelveli - 627 001. 94425-58484.
E-mail: suryaguides@yahoo.com
website : www.suryapublications.in
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(iii)
mwpKft[iu
`Mf;fKk; nehf;fKk; mwpthh;e;jtUf;F ,yf;F-
btw;wpa[k; g[fGk; Nh;ahtpd; ,sikj;jkpHpd; ,yf;F~-
MSik kpf;f Mrphpah;fSf;Fk;/
Mw;wy; kpf;f khzth;fSf;Fk; md;g[ tzf;f=;fs;.
murpd; cah;rpe;jidf;F Vw;gt[k;/ khzth;fspd; gilg;ghw;wiy

btspg;gLj;jt[k;/ njh;it jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; vjph;bfhs;st[k;/ Nh;ahtpd;
,sikj;jkpH; gapw;rp g[j;jfj;jpy;
50?f;Fk; nkw;gl;l jiyg;g[fspy; gapw;rpa[ld; Toa tpilfnshL

 xU kjpg;bgz;
 ,yf;fzk; ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; ? g[zh;r;rp
 bkhHpia Ms;nthk; ? bkhHpnahL tpisahL
 fiyr;brhy;yhf;fk;
 E}y;?E}yhrphpah; ? fij khe;jh;fs;
 mzpfs; ? jpizfs; ? Jiwfs;
 ,yf;fpa eak;
nghd;w vz;zw;w jiyg;g[fspy; vspjhf fw;W vGjpg; gHfp gapw;rp

bfhs;Sk; tifapy; totikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;j bkhHp gapw;rp g[j;jfk; eP=;fs; th=;Fk; ,sikj; jkpH;

ciuE}Yf;F ,ytrkhfj; jUfpnwhk; vd;gjpy; bgUikailfpnwhk;.
thU=;fs; gazpg;nghk; ...
g[jpag; ghijia cUthf;Fnthk; ...
vd;Wk; md;g[ld;/
gjpg;gfj;jhh;.
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jkpH; 12
bkhHp gapw;rp g[j;jfk;
bghUslf;fk;
E}Yk; E}yhrphpaUk; 1
mwpit tphpt[ bra; 2
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; 3
fij khe;jh;fs; (Jizg;ghlk;) 4
,ay; thhpahf tpdhf;fs; 6
mzp ,yf;fzk; 38
jpiz tpsf;fk; 41
Jiw tpsf;fk; 43
,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;ly; 44
gHbkhHpfis tpsf;Fjy; 52
ka=;bfhypr; brhw;fs; 61
xyp kug[fs; 69
bgaUf;nfw;w tpidfs; 70
gwit/ tpy=;Ffspd; ,sikg; bgah;fs; 70
jhtu=;fspd; bjhFg;g[ 70
bghUs;fspd; bjhFg;g[ 70
fha;fspd; ,sikg; bgah;fs; 71
jhtu=;fspd; cWg;g[ bgah;fs; 71
ftpijfs; 71
gHbkhHpfs; 72
gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fs; 77
ctikfSf;nfw;w bghUs; 78
kqcr; brhw;fs; 79
tpilfs; 79
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bkhHp gapw;rp g[j;jfk; 1
E}Yk; ? E}yhrpupaUk;
E}y; E}yhrpupau;
bra;a[s;
1. ,se;jkpnH ? rpw;gp ghyRg;gpukzpak;
2. jz;oay=;fhuk; (jd;ndu; ,yhj jkpH;) ? jz;o
3. gpwbfhU ehs; nfhil ? ma;ag;g khjtd;
4. beLey;thil ? ef;fPuu;
5. tpUe;jpdu; ,y;yk; ? $yhYj;jPd; qkp
6. fk;guhkhazk; ? fk;gu;
7. ,jpy; btw;wp bgw ? Rujh
8. ,ilaPL ? rp. kzp
9. g[wehD}W ? xsitahu;
10. bja;tkzpkhiy ? ,uhkyp=;f mofshu;
11. njthuk; ? jpU+hd rk;ge;ju;
12. mfehD}W ? mk;@tdhu;
13. ftpijfs; ? eFyd;
14. rpyg;gjpfhuk; ? ,s=;nfhtofs;
15. bka;g;ghl;oay; ? bjhy;fhg;gpau;
16. mjpra kyu; ? jkpH;ejp
17. njapiyj; njhl;lg; ghl;L ? Kfk;kJ ,uht[j;ju;
18. g[wehD}W ? gprpuhe;ijahu;
19. Kfk; ? Rfe;jp Rg;gpukzpad;
20. rpWghzhw;Wg;gil ? ,ilf;fHpehl;L ey;Y}u; ej;jj;jdhu;;
21. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; ? vr;. V. fpUl;ozdhu;;
ciueil
1. jkpH; bkhHpapd; eil mHfpay; ? jp.R. eluhrd;
2. jkpHu; FLk;g Kiw ? gf;jtj;ry ghujp
3. gz;ila fhyj;Jg; gs;spf;Tl=;fs; ? c.nt.rhkpehju;
4. ,yf;fpaj;jpy; nkyhz;ik ? bt. ,iwad;g[/ ,.M.g
Jizg;ghlk;
1. ghujpapd; fojk; (jk;gp bey;iyag;gUf;F ? ghujpahu;
2. Kjy;fy; ? cj;jknrhHd;
3. cupikj;jhfk; ? g{kzp
4. jiyf;Fsk; ? njhg;gpy; KfkJ kPuhd;
5. eofu; jpyfk; ? ghyr;re;jpud; Rs;spf;fhL
6. r=;ffhyf; fy;btl;Lk; vd; epidt[fSk; ? Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd;
7. nfhil kiH ? rhe;jh jj;
*****
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2 SURYA jkpH;
mwpit tpupt[ bra;

1. ghujpapd; foj=;fs; ? uh.m. gj;kehgd;
2. ,yf;fz cyfpy; g[jpa ghu;it ? lhf;lu; bghw;nfh
3. jkpH; mHfpay; ? jp.R. eluhrd;
4. fhl;L thj;J ? e.gpr;r@u;j;jp
5. bey;Y}u; muprp ? mfpyd;
6. Rtbuhl;ofs; ? e. Kj;Jrhkp
7. gj;Jg;ghl;L Muha;r;rp ? kh. ,uhrkhzpf;fdhu;
8. ,aw;iff;Fj; jpUk;g[k; ghij ? krhdh Bg[nfhfh
9. Rw;Wr;NHy; fy;tp ? g. utp
10. fUg;g[ kyu;fs; ? eh. fhkuhrd;
11. thdk; trg;gLk; ? gpug+;rd;
12. fk;gu; ahu;> ? t.Rg.khzpf;fk;
13. rf;futu;j;jp jpUkfd; ? ,uh$h$p
14. tapWfs; ? g{kzp (rpWfijj; bjhFg;g[)
15. rpiw ? mDuhjh ukzd;
16. g[spa kuj;jpd; fij ? Re;ju uhkrhkp
17. eP=;fSk; ftpghlyhk; ? fp.th. $fe;ehjd;
18. gilg;g[f;fiy ? K. Rje;jpuKj;J
19. JiwKfk; ? Rujh
20. ,Jtiu ? rp. kzp
21. ftp+uhf ? m. fp. gue;jhkdhu;
22. xU Fl;oj;jPtpd; tiuglk; ? njhg;gpy; KfkJ kPuhd;
(rpWfijj; bjhFg;g[)
23. xU ghu;itapy; brd;id efuk; ? mnrhfkpj;jpud;
24. brd;idg; gl;lzk; ? uhkr;re;jpu itj;jpaehj;
25. ,uhkyp=;f mofs; tuyhW ? Cud; mofs;
26. vdJ Rarupij ? rpth$p fnzrd;
27. bka;g;ghL ? jkpHz;zy;
28. fhg;gpaj;jkpH; ? ,uh. fhrpuhrd;
29. m$ad;ghyh ? cyfj; jpiug;gl tuyhW I, II, III
30. brHpad; ? cyf rpdpkh I, II, ngRk; glk;
31. mk;&d; Fkhu; ? rpdpkh ,urid
32. flt[Sk; fe;jrhkpg; gps;isa[k; ? g[Jikg;gpj;jd;
33. fy;btl;L ? Kr;re;jp ,yf;fpak; ? M. ,uh. bt=;flhrygjp
34. jkpHu; tsu;j;j mHFf; fiyfs; ? kapiy rPdp. nt=;flrhkp
35. khWgl;Lr; rpe;jpf;fyhkh> ? rpgp nf. rhykd;
36. vG bgUts;sy;fs; ? fp.t. $fe;ehjd;
37. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; ? g[ytu; nr. Re;juuhrd;
38. ,naR fhtpak; ? fz;zjhrd;
39. nfhgy;y fpuhkk; ? fp. uh$ehuhazd;
40. ghy;tPjp ? mg;Jy; uFkhd;
41. tPughz;oa fl;lbghk;kd; ? mU.uhkehjd;
*****
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
g[Jg;bgay; ? g[JkiH Mu;fyp ? bts;sk;
bfhL=;nfhy; ? tise;j nfhy; g[yk;g[ ? jdpik
fz;zp ? jiyapy; NLk; khiy ft[s; ? fd;dk;/
kh ? tpy=;F mkyd; ? ,uhkd;
,sty; ? jk;gp espu;fly; ? Fspu;e;j fly;
Jd;g[ ? Jd;gk; cd;ndy; ? vz;zhnj
mdfd; ? ,uhkd; cth ? mkhthir
cLgjp ? re;jpud; brw;whu; ? giftu;
fpis ? cwtpdu; mdak; ? epiwthdJ
vr;brse;jtd; ? ViH/ vspatd; fPHj;jhu; ? g[d;bra;apd; xU gFjp
bfuhKDR ? fpuhk epu;thf mYtyu; bfhlth=;fy; ? bfhLf;fy; th=;fs;
jpUiz ? jpz;iz bjf+;rj ? Koe;jij
gp+;ir ? g[d;bra; nuhrp ? cuRjy;
the;jf;fkhf ? ,zf;fkhf btjg;bgl;o ? tpoaw;fhiy
ntz;lhw ? ntz;lhj jpUif ? kht[ miuf;Fk; fy;
FWf;fk; ? rpwpa epyg;gug;g[ flfk; ? Xiyg;bgl;o
btFsp ? rpdk; g[iz ? bjg;gk;
Vkk; ? ghJfhg;g[ jU ? bry;tk;
tpj;jpahuk;gk; ? fy;tpj; bjhlf;fk; tpj;jpahg;gpahrk; ? fy;tpg; gapw;rp
cghj;jpahau; ? Mrpupau; m|uhg;gpahrk; ? vGj;Jg; gapw;rp
fPH;thapyf;fk; ? gpd;d vz;zpd; fPHj; b
; jhif nky;thapyf;fk; ? gpd;d vz;zpd; nky;bjhif
FHpkhw;W ? bgUf;fy; tha;ghL rPjhs gj;jpuk; ? jhiH fly;
etj;tPgk; ? t=;fhyj;jpy; cs;s Xu; Cu; thapnyhna ? thapy; fhg;nghnd
ts;spnahu; ? ts;sy;fs; ta=;FbkhHp ? tps=;Fk; brhw;fs;
tpj;jp ? tpijj;J cs;spaJ ? epidj;jJ
cud; ? typik tWe;jiy ? btWikahd ,lk;
fhtpbdk; ? fl;of; bfhs;Sjy; fyd; ? ahH;/ fyg;ig fUtpfis
itf;Fk; ig
kG ? nfhlup kley;yhu; ? ,sik bghUe;jpa bgz;fs;
kyptpHh ? tpHhf;fs; epiwe;j fyptpHh ? vGr;rp jUk; tpHh
gyptpHh ? jpirnjhWk; g{irapLk; xyptpHh ? Muthu tpHh
cj;jpu tpHh
ntl;lk; ? kPd; gpoj;jy; fHp ? cg;g=;fHp
brW ? tay; bfhs;is ? tpiy
vd;W}H; ? R{upadpd; btg;gk; tplu; ? kiybtog;g[
fjH; ? tpiut[ ckzu; ? cg;g[ tzpfu;
bjspu;g;g ? xypg;g tpspmwp ? Fuy;nfl;l
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4 SURYA jkpH;
+kyp ? eha; bthP,a ? m+;rpa

kju;fay; ? mHfpa kPd; g[dty; ? fhdtd;
ms;sy; ? nrW gfL ? vUJ
fiH ? @=;fpy; fz; ? fQ
tpuy; ? Mltu; ifg; bgUtpuy; cj;jug; gyif ? nky; ,Lk; gyif
g{ju; ? Ik;g{j=;fs; Xtpa tpjhdk; ? Xtpak; jPl;lg;gl;l ge;jy;
epj;jpyk; ? Kj;J tpUe;J ? g[Jik
kz;zpa ? fGtpa ehtyk;bghyk; ? rhk;g{ejk; vd;Dk; cau;e;j
tifg; bghd;
jiyf;nfhy; ? ehlff; fzpifau; bgWk; Xil ? Kf glhk;
gl;lk;
muR cth ? gl;lj;J ahid gurpdu; ? thH;j;jpdu;
gy;,ay; ? ,d;dpirf; fUtp FapYt khf;fs; ? ,irf; fUtpfs; thrpg;nghu;
njhupa kfspu; ? Mlypy; nju;e;j bgz;fs; thuk; ? bja;tg;ghly;
Mke;jpupif ? ,lf;if thj;jpak; ,iyg;g{=;nfhij ? murd; mzpe;Js;s gr;ir
khiy
fH+;R ? xU tif vil mst[ eif ? rpupg;g[
,sptuy; ? rpWik kUl;if ? tpag;g[
bgUkpjk; ? bgUik ctif ? kfpH;r;rp
fha; bey; ? tpise;j bey; kh ? xUepy mst[ (Xu; Vf;fupy;
btFsp ? rpdk; @d;wpy; xU g=;F)
brW ? tay; jkpj;J ? jdpj;J
g[f;F ? g[Fe;J ahj;J ? nru;j;J
ee;Jk; ? jiHf;fk; tupir ? Kiwia
fy; ? xypf;Fwpg;g[ gupt[ ? md;g[
jg ? bfl gpz;lk; ? tup
er;rpd; ? tpUk;gpdhy; cd;dypu; ? vz;zhjPu;fs;
gpzpj;jik ? fl;oaik ePr ? ,Hpe;j
nerk; ? md;g[ ty;ypaij ? cWjpia
Xu;kpd; ? Muha;e;J ghU=;fs; ghjfu; ? bfhoatu;
FGkp ? xd;W To gHpg;g[iu ? ,fH;r;rpa[iu
Vjkpy; ? Fw;wkpy;yhj Cd;w ? mGe;j
khw;wk; ? brhy; Etd;wpyu; ? Twtpy;iy
*****
fij khe;ju;fs; (Jizg;ghlk;)

,ay; 1 : jk;gp bey;iyag;gUf;F
ghujp ? fojk; vGJgtu;
guyp R. bey;iyag;gu; ? fojk; bgWgtu;
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,ay; 2 : Kjy;fy; ? cj;jknrhHd;

kUjd; ? Typntiy bra;gtd;
my;yp ? kUjdpd; kidtp
khupKj;J ? kPd;gpof;Fk; bjhHpy; bra;gtd;
Ky;iyak;kh ? kpuhR fhspag;gdpd; kidtp
fhspag;gd; ? Cu; kpuhR/ Ky;iyak;khtpd; fztd;
gpnuk;Fkhu; ? Cupd; Kjy; gl;ljhup
tz;of;fhud; ? Cupy; bra;jpiaf; Twpatd;
,ay; 3 : cupikj;jhfk; ? g{kzp
Kj;ijad; ? mz;zd;/ ViH tptrhap bts;isr;rhkpapd; mz;zd;.
@f;fk;kh ? Kj;ijad; kidtp/ bts;isr;rhkpapd; mz;zp
g=;fhUrhkp ? bts;isr;rhkpf;F q. 200 gzk; bfhLj;jtu;.
Cupd; bgau; ? nkY}u;
,ay; 4 : ghJfhg;gha; xU gazk;
Xl;Leu;/ khztu;fs;/ gazpfs;/ jiyik Mrpupau;/ gfytd;/ t.ngh. mYtyu;.
,ay; 5 : jiyf;Fsk; ? njhg;gpy; KfkJ kPuhd;
cg;gh ? jhj;jh
mg;gh ? @j;jkfd;
upilau;L $l;$; ? tPL th=;f te;jtu;
,ay; 6 : eofu; jpyfk; ? ghyr;re;jpud; Rs;spf;fhL
rpth$p fnzrd;
tp.gp.bf. nkdd; ? glj;jahupg;ghsu;
nkhfd;yhy; ? kiyahs eofu;
uh$pt; ehj; ? kiyahsg;glf; fjhrpupau;
$hd;ghy; ? rpdpkhf; fiy+u;
fkyh mk;kh ? rpth$papd; kidtp
ghyr;re;jpud; ? kiyahsf; ftp+u;/eofu;
,ay; 7 : r=;ffhyf; fy;btl;Lk; vd; epidt[fSk;
Iuhtjk; kfhnjtd; fy;btl;Lfisg; gobaLf;Fk; Mrpupau; ? ifj;jwpj;Jiw ,af;Feu;
ez;gu;fs;
jpU. ePyfz;l rh!;jpup ? tuyhw;Wg; nguhrpupau;
nf.tp. Rg;gpukzpadhu; ? gpuhk;kpf; fy;btl;Lfspd; Muha;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;ltu;
,ay; 8 : nfhil kiH ? rhe;jhjj;
MWKfk; ? jhj;jh
ngj;jp
lhf;lu;
brtpypau;
ghg[ ? kUe;Jf; filf;fhuu;
fztd; kidtp ? MWKfj;jpd; ngj;jpiar; RtPfhuk; vLf;f te;jtu;fs;
*****
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6 SURYA jkpH;
,ay;
gyt[s; bjupf.
1. ,yf;fpaj;ija[k; bkhHpiaa[k; xUnrug; ngRfpd;w ,yf;fz E}y;
m) ahg;gU=;fyf;fhupif M) jz]oay=;fhuk;
,) bjhy;fhg;gpak; <) ed;D}y; tpil: ...............................
2. ``kPz]Lke;jg; gHikeyk; g[Jf;F jw;F~~ ftp+u; Fwpg;gpLk; gHikeyk;/
f) ghz]oaupd; r=;fj;jpy; bfhYtpUe;jJ
c) bghjpifapy; njhd;wpaJ
) ts;sy;fisj; je;jJ
m) f kl;Lk; rup M) f/ c ,uz]Lk; rup
,) kl;Lk; rup <) f/ ,uz]Lk; rup tpil: ...............................
3. ``kpd;ndu; jdpahHp bt=;fjpbuhd;W VidaJ
jd;ndu; ,yhj jkpH;-~~ ?,t;tofspy; gapd;W te;Js;s bjhileak;
m) monkhid/ movJif M) rPu;nkhid/ rPu;vJif
,) movJif/ rPu;nkhid <) rPu;vJif/ monkhid tpil: ...............................
4. fUj;J 1 : ,ay;g[ tHf;fpy;/ bjhluikg;g[ vd;gJ vGtha;/ gadpiy vd;W tUtnj kug[.
fUj;J 2 : bjhluikg;g[/ r=;fg; ghly;fs; gytw;wpy; gpwH;e;J tUfpwJ.
m) fUj;J 1 rup M) fUj;J 2 rup
,) ,uz]L fUj;Jk; rup <) fUj;J 1 rup/ 2 jtW tpil: ...............................
5. bghUj;Jf.
m) jkpH; mHfpay; ? 1. guyp R. bey;iyag;gu;
M) epyt[g;g{ ? 2. jp. R. eluhrd;
,) fpil ? 3. rpw;gp ghyRg;gpukzpak;
<) ca;a[k; tHp ? 4. fp. uh$ehuhazd;
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 1/ 4/ 2/ 3
,) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 <) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 tpil: ...............................
6. gpiHahd bjhliuf; fz]lwpf.
m) fhisfisg; g{l;o taiy cGjdu;.
M) kiykPJ Vwpf; fy;btl;Lfisf; fz]lwpe;jdu;.
,) fhisapy; g{j;j ky;ypif kdk; tPrpaJ.
<) bew;gapu;fs; kiHePupy; @H;fpd. tpil: ...............................
7. ngr;Rj;jkpHpy; mike;j bjhliuj; nju;f.
m) mtUf;F ey;yJ bfl;lJ ey;yhj; bjupa[k;.
M) g[j;jff; fz]fhl;rp eilbgWfpwJ.
,) twl;rp vy;yh ,l=;fisa[k; ghjpj;Js;sJ.
<) kapy;fs; tpwypaiug; nghy; MLfpd;wd. tpil: ...............................
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gapw;rpfs;
1. ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ jUf.
1. brk;gupjp/ bre;jkpH;/ bre;epwk; ? .......................................................................................
2. Kj;J Kj;jha; ? .......................................................................................
3. rpte;J ? .......................................................................................
4. tpau;it bts;sk; ? .......................................................................................
5. bt=;fjpu; ? .......................................................................................
6. cau;e;njhu; ? .......................................................................................
7. ,yhj ? .......................................................................................
2. gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; vGJf.
1. rha;g;ghd; ? .................................................................................................................................
2. tpk;Kfpd;w ? .................................................................................................................................
3. tpae;J ? .................................................................................................................................
4. ,Ue;jha; ? .................................................................................................................................
5. cau;e;njhu; ? .................................................................................................................................
6. te;J ? .................................................................................................................................
7. tps=;fp ? .................................................................................................................................
8. ,Ue;jha; ? .................................................................................................................................
9. tps=;F ? .................................................................................................................................
3. g[zu;r;rp tpjp vGJf.
1. brk;gupjp ?
2. thdbky;yhk; ?
3. cd;iday;yhy; ?
4. bre;jkpnH ?
5. M=;ftw;Ws; ?
6. jdpahHp ?
6. bt=;fjpu; ?
4. jkpHhf;fk; bra;f.
1. Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere. (Chinese Proverb).
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2. A new language is a new life. (Persian Proverb).
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3. If you want people to understand you, speak their language. (African Proverb).
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8 SURYA jkpH;
4. Knowledge of languages is the doorway to wisdom. (Roger Bacon).
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5. The limits of my language are the limits of my world. (Willgenstin).
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5. fPH;f;fhQk; gj;jpiag; goj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fis cUthf;Ff.
bkhHp vd;gJ kf;fs; gilj;Jf; fhf;Fk; mupabjhU fiy. bkhHpna kf;fspd; mwpit
tsu;j;J cau;j;Jk; mupa fUtpahft[k; cs;sJ. bgw;w jhapd; Kjy; ntl;if jd; FHe;ija[ld;
ngRjy;. mts; Kjypy; mila[k; bgupa kfpH;r;rp/ FHe;ijapd; ngr;irf; nfl;gnj MFk;.
FHe;ijapd; kdtsu;r;rpnahL bjhlu;g[ilaJ bkhHp tsu;r;rpna MFk;. kdk; vd;gJ
bgUk;ghYk; bkhHpahy; tsu;e;J mike;jJ. kdj;jpd; tsu;r;rpf;F Vw;gnt ngRnthupd;
bkhHpa[k; tsu;r;rp bgw;W epw;Fk; kf;fs; midtUk; bkhHpf;F Mrpupauhft[k; cs;sdu;"
khztuhft[k; cs;sdu;. bkhHpia tsu;g;gtUk; kf;fns" bkhHpahy; tsu;gtUk; kf;fns.
? bkhHp tuyhW (K. tujuhrdhu;)
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6. ctikj; bjhlu;fisr; brhw;bwhlu;fspy; mikj;J vGJf.
jhkiu ,iy ePu; nghy/ fpzw;Wj; jtis nghy/ vypa[k; g{ida[k; nghy/ mr;rhzp ,y;yhj
nju; nghy/ cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy.
1. jhkiu ,iy ePu; nghy ?
2. fpzw;Wj; jtis nghy ?
3. vypa[k; g{ida[k; nghy ?
4. mr;rhzp ,y;yhj nju; nghy ?
5. cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy ?
7. vz;z=;fis vGj;jhf;Ff.
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8. me;jhjpj; bjhluhy; ftpj;Jtkhf;Ff.

FHe;ijiaf; bfh+;Rk; jhapd; Fuy;
jhapd; Fuypy; capupd; xyp
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9. Fwpg;g[fspy; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; jkpHwp+u;fisf; fz]Lgpoj;J vGJf.
(jkpH; xsp/ mk;ig/ nfhij/ mnrhfkpj;jpud;/ g[Jikg;gpj;jd;/ Nlhkzp/ b$afhe;jd;/
kiwkiy mofs;)
1. ftp+u; " <w;wpU brhy;yhy; mzpfyd; bra;ayhk;. ? ...............................................................
2. jkpHwp+u; " KjypU vGj;Jfshy; kiwf;fyhk;. ? ...............................................................
3. jha;bkhHp " <w;wpU vGj;Jfs; btspr;rk; jUk;. ? ...............................................................
4. rpWfij Mrpupau; " Kjy; ghjp etPdk; ? ...............................................................
5. Kd;bdGj;J murd; " gpd;bdGj;J jkpH; khjk; ? ...............................................................
10.
fPH;f;fhQk; bray;ghLfisr; rup'jtW vdg; gpupj;J/ rupbadpy; fhuzKk; jtW vdpy;
khw;Wtjw;Fupar; braiya[k; Fwpg;gpLf.
bray;ghL rup ? fhuzk; jtW ? khw;wk;
1. bghUs;fis vLj;j
,lj;jpy; itj;jy;
2. bghJtplj;jpy;
vr;rpy; Jg;g[jy;
3. tFg;gpy;
fhfpj=;fisf;
fpHpj;Jg; nghLjy;
4. ,Uf;if/
nkirfspy;
fpWf;Fjy;
11. fiyr;brhy;yhf;fk; jUf.

1. Subscription - ............................................ 4. Archive - ............................................
2. Fiction - ............................................ 5. Bibliography - ............................................
3. Biography - ............................................ 6. Manuscript - ............................................
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10 SURYA jkpH;
,ay;
gyt[s; bjupf.
1. bghUj;jf.
m) Fu=;Ffs; ? 1. fd;Wfisj; jtpu;j;jd
M) gRf;fs; ? 2. ku=;fspypUe;J tPH;e;jd
,) gwitfs; ? 3. Fspuhy; eL=;fpd
<) tpy=;Ffs; ? 4. nka;r;riy kwe;jd
m) 1/ 3/ 4/ 2 M) 3/ 1/ 2/ 4
,) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4 <) 2/ 1/ 3/ 4 tpil: ...............................
2. euk;g[fSf;Fs; tPiz kPl;of; bfhz]oUf;fpwJ vd;W ma;ag;g khjtd; Fwpg;gpLtJ
m) Nupa xspf;fjpu; M) kiH nkf=;fs;
,) kiHj;Jspfs; <) ePu;epiyfs; tpil: ...............................
3. bts;sr; rkbtspfs; mHpaf; fhuzk;
m) gUtepiy khw;wk; M) kzy; ms;Sjy;
,) ghiwfs; ,y;yhik <) epyj;joePu; cwp+;rg;gLjy; tpil: ...............................
4.
`bgha;ah thdk; g[Jg;bgay; bghHpe;bjd` ? joj;j brhy;ypd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ jUf.
m) tpidj; bjhif M) cupr;brhy; bjhlu;
,) ,ilr;brhy; bjhlu; <) <Wbfl;l vjpu;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
tpil: ...............................
5. ``cyf ehLfs; khw;W Mw;wiy nehf;fpr; brd;why; kl;Lnk g[tp btg;gkakhjiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
Koa[k;~~ ? ,j;bjhlu; czu;j;JtJ
m) fhu;gd; mw;w Mw;wy; gad;ghnl njitahfpwJ
M) gRikf;Foy; tha[f;fs; mjpfkhfpwJ
,) fhyepiy khWgLfpwJ
<) g[tpapd; ,af;fk; ntWgLfpwJ tpil: ...............................
6. jkpHpy; jpizg;ghFghL ................. mog;gilapy; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
m) bghUl;Fwpg;g[ M) brhw;Fwpg;g[
,) bjhlu;f;Fwpg;g[ <) vGj;Jf;Fwpg;g[ tpil: ...............................
7. ``cau;jpiz vd;kdhu; kf;fl; Rl;nl
mBwpiz vd;kdhu; mtuy gpwnt~~ ? ,e;E}w;gh ,lk;bgw;w ,yf;fz E}y;
m) ed;D}y; M) mfj;jpak;
,) bjhy;fhg;gpak; <) ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; tpil: ...............................
8. ahu;> vJ> Mfpa tpdhr;brhw;fs; gadpiyaha; mike;J/ czu;j;Jk; jpizfs; Kiwna
m) mBwpiz/ cau;jpiz M) cau;jpiz/ mBwpiz
,) tput[j;jpiz/ mBwpiz <) tput[j;jpiz/ cau;jpiz tpil: ...............................
9. bghUj;jp tpil nju;f.
m) mtd; mts; mtu; ? 1. csg;gLj;jhjj; jd;ikg;gd;ik
M) eh=;fs; Kaw;rp bra;nthk; ? 2. csg;ghl;Lj; jd;ikg;gd;ik
,) ehk; Kaw;rp bra;nthk; ? 3. jd;ikg; gd;ikg; bgau;fs;
<) eh=;fs;/ ehk; ? 4. gjpypL bgau;fs;
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m) 4/ 1/ 2/ 3 M) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1
,) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2 <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 tpil: ...............................
gapw;rpfs;
1. tis, ? ...............................................................
2. bgha;ah ? ...............................................................
3. g[Jg;bgay; ? ...............................................................
4. bfhL=;nfhy; ? ...............................................................
2. gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
1. fy=;fp

1. g[Jg;bgay;
2. ,depiu
4. bkhHpg; bgau;g;g[g; gFjpiag; goj;J/ ,UgJ M=;fpyr; brhw;fisa[k; mjd; jkpHhf;fj;ija[k;

vLj;J vGJf.
In 1977, shocked at the 1977?Mk; Mz]oy; jdJ capupDk; ,dpa bfd;ah
environmental devastation caused ehl;oy; fhLfs; mHpf;fg;gl;ljhy; Vw;gl;l nguHpt[
by deforestation in her beloved fz]L kdk; btJk;gp t=;fhup kj;jha; gRik tshf
Kenya, Wangari Mathai founded
,af;fj;ijj; njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. mijj; bjhlu;e;J Kg;gJ
the Green Belt Movement. For
Mz]Lfs;/ ,e;j ,af;fj;jhy; gy Mg;gpupf;fg; bgz]
thirty years, the movement has
fs; jkJ gFjpfspy; ku=;fis el;L/ mjd; tHpahfj;
enabled many women to plant trees
in their regions providing them with
j=;fSf;Fj; njitahd czita[k; vupbghUisa[k;
food, fuel and halting soil erosion jhnk <l;oanjhL epy;yhky; Mg;gpupf;fhtpy;
and desertification. She used the epytpa kz] mupg;ghy; epyk; ghiytdkhtija[k;
movement to enlighten the people jLj;J epWj;jpdu;. mtu; ,e;j ,af;fj;jpd; tHpahf
on the fruits of representative kf;fshl;rpapd; gad;fis mwpar; bra;jhu;. ,J
democracy. This led Kenya to Kenya’s mj;jiyKiwapdu; midtUf;Fk; Kjy;Kiwahfj;
first fully democratic elections in a nju;jypy; g=;nfw;Fk; tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhLj;jJ.
generation. In the election, Mathai ,j;nju;jypy; t=;fhup kj;jha; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpduhfj;
was elected to the Parliament and nju;t[ bra;ag;gl;Lg; gpwF Rw;Wr;NHy; mikr;ruhdhu;.
made a Minister of environment. She bfd;ag; bgz]fSf;F tHpfhl;o @d;W nfho ku=;fis
was conferred a Nobel Prize in 2004 el;L tsu;j;jjhy; mtuJ jd;dykw;w gzpiag;
because of her outstanding success
ghuhl;o/ 2004Mk; Mz]L t=;fhup kj;jha;f;F
in guiding Kenyan women to plant
nehgy; gupR tH=;fg;gl;lJ. epiyahd tsu;r;rpia
more than thirty million trees. She
cWjp bra;a[k; r@ff; fhLfs; tsu;g;g[j; jpl;lj;jpd;
has transformed the lives of tens
of thousands of women through
@yk; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd bgz]fspd; thH;tpy;
sustainable social forestry schemes. kWkyu;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpdhu;.
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12 SURYA jkpH;
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5.
ka=;bfhypr; brhw;fis xnu bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.
1. tpiy/ tpis/ tpiH
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2. jiy/ jis/ jiH
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3. fiy/ fis/ fiH
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4. miy/ mis/ miH
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6. g[jpu;f;nfw;w tpilia vGJf.
m) milkiH bga;j mLj;j ehs; M) jz]zPUk; kiHa[k; ,y;yhky;
gilgilaha; te;jjhk; gapu; gr;iraha; ,Uf;fpwJ
gu=;fp ehl;L tpkhdk; ghf;F btw;wpiy nghlhky;
vjpup Rlhknyna tha; rptg;gha; ,Uf;fpwJ ? vd;d>
,wbfhoe;J ,we;jjhk; ? vd;d>
tpil: .................................................... tpil: ....................................................
7. vz]z=;fis vGj;jhf;Ff.
1. Platform - ......................................... 4. Level Crossing - .........................................
2. Ticket Inspector - ......................................... 5. Railway Signal - .........................................
3. Train Track - ......................................... 6. Metro Train - .........................................
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,ay;
gyt[s; bjhpf.
1. r=;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,y;yhj brhw;fs;/ r=;ffhyr; r@fj;jpy; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;Js;sd. mit
m) mwnthu;/ Jwnthu; M) jpUkzKk; FLk;gKk;
,) kd;w=;fSk; mitfSk; <) epjpaKk; R=;fKk; tpil: ...............................
2. bghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLf;f.
m) cupikj;jhfk; ? 1. ghurPff; ftp+u;
M) m+;+ho ? 2. g{kzp
,) $yhYj;jPd; qkp ? 3. gf;jtj;ry ghujp
<) jkpHu; FLk;g Kiw ? 4. rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp
m) 2/ 4/ 3/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
,) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 <) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 tpil: ...............................
3. ,tw;iw thapYf;nf brd;W ,d;Kfj;Jld; tuntw;ghahf vd;W $yhYj;jPd; qkp Fwpg;gpLtJ
m) tf;fpuk; M) mtkhdk;
,) t+;rid <) ,it midj;Jk; tpil: ...............................
4. `cth cw te;J TLk;
cLgjp/ ,utp xj;jhu;~ ? ahu; ahu; >
m) rlha[/ ,uhkd; M) ,uhkd;/ Ffd;
,) ,uhkd;/ Rf;hPtd; <) ,uhkd;/ rtup tpil: ...............................
5. ``v=;fs; je;ijau; ehbld;w ngr;rpdpny ? xU
rf;jp gpwf;FJ @r;rpdpny~~ ? vd;Dk; ghujpapd; ghly; btspg;gLj;JtJ
m) jdpf;FLk;g Kiw M) tpupe;j FLk;g Kiw
,) jha;tHpr; r@f Kiw <) je;ijtHpr; r@f Kiw tpil: ...............................
6. glj;Jf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisf; fz;Lgpof;f.
m) md;g[k; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;thH;f;if
gz;g[k; gaDk; mJ.
M) itaj;Js; thH;th=;F thH;gtd; thDiwa[k;
bja;tj;Js; itf;fg; gLk;.
,) rpdk; vd;Dk; nru;e;jhiuf; bfhy;yp ,dk; vd;Dk;
Vkg; g[iziar; RLk;. tpil: ...............................
7. flypd; bgupaJ
m) cw;w fhyj;jpy; bra;j cjtp
M) gad; Muhahky; xUtd; bra;j cjtp
,) jpizast[ bra;j cjtp tpil: ...............................
8. gpd;tUk; ehyoahu; ghlypd; bghUSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisf; fz;lwpf.
ey;yhu; eatu; ,Ug;g eak; ,yhf;
fy;yhu;f; bfhd;whfpa fhuzk; ? bjhy;iy
tpidg;gad; my;yJ nty;beL=; fz;zha;
epidg;g tUtbjhd; wpy;
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14 SURYA jkpH;
m) ,UntW cyfj;J ,aw;if" jpUntW
bjs;spau; MjYk; ntW.
M) ey;yit vy;yhk; jPathk; jPat[k;
ey;ythk; bry;tk; braw;F
,) CHpy; bgUtyp ahcs kw;W xd;W
NHpDk; jhd;Ke;J cWk;. tpil: ...............................
9. fPH;f;fhQk; g[Jf;ftpijf;Fg; bghUe;Jk; jpUf;Fwis vGJf.

cau; mYtyupd; tUif tpiufpwJ kdk;
mYtyfnk my;yhLk; gugug;g[k; kdtGj;jKkha;
mtUila rpdk; midtUk; mwpe;jnj tz;oia vLf;fpnwd;
nfhg;g[fis tpiue;J Kof;f fhiyf; fl;of; bfhs;fpwJ FHe;ij
xG=;F bra;a `ngh me;jg ; gf;fk;~
neuj;jpy; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; cjwpr; bry;fpnwd; FHe;ijia.
tpil: ...............................
10. itafKk; thdfKk; Mw;wyupJ ? vjw;F>

m) bra;ahky; bra;j cjtp M) gad;J}f;fhu; bra;j cjtp
,) jpidj;Jiz ed;wp <) fhyj;jpdhy; bra;j ed;wp tpil: ...............................
11. bghUj;jpf; fhl;Lf.
m) itaj;Js; thH;th=;F thH;gtd; ? 1. nru;e;jhiuf; bfhy;yp
M) gad;J}f;fhu; bra;j cjtp ? 2. +hyj;jpd; khzg; bgupJ
,) rpdk; ? 3. bja;tj;Js; itf;fg;gLk;
<) fhyj;jpdhw; bra;j ed;wp ? 4. ed;ik flypd; bgupJ
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
,) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 <) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 tpil: ...............................
12. bghUs; FHg;gkpd;wp vGJtjw;Fupa fhuz=;fSs; bghUe;Jtijj; nju;f.
m) njitahd ,l=;fspy; ,ilbtsp tplhky; vGJjy;
M) njitaw;w ,l=;fspy; ,ilbtsp tpl;L vGJjy;
,) epWj;jw;Fwpfis cupa ,l=;fspy; ,l;L vGJjy;
<) ty;ypd bka;fisj; njitahd ,l=;fspy; ,lhky; vGJjy; tpil: ...............................
13. ty;ypdk; kpFk;/ kpfhj; bjhlu;fspd; bghUswpe;J bghUj;Jf.
m) ghiy ghodhd; ? 1. njiu vd;Dk; capupdj;ijg; ghu;j;jhd;
M) ghiyg; ghodhd; ? 2. njupidg; ghu;j;jhd;
,) njiu ghu;j;jhd; ? 3. ghypidg; ghodhd;
<) njiug; ghu;j;jhd; ? 4. ghiyj; jpiz ghodhd;
m) 4/ 1/ 3/ 2 M) 2/ 3/ 1/ 4
,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 <) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 tpil: ...............................
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gapw;rpfs;
1. ntbwhU bghUs; mika[khW brhw;fisr; nru;j;Jj; bjhluikf;f.
khztu;fs; tupirapy; epd;W mwptpay; fz]fhl;rpiaf; fz]ldu;.
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2. fPH;f;fhQk; brhy;YUg[fisg; gpupj;Jk; nru;j;Jk; ,UntW bjhlu;fis mikf;f.
1. Kd; ? ..................................................................................................................................
2. jhnd ? ..................................................................................................................................
3. bfhz]L ? ..................................................................................................................................
4. tpl;lhd; ? ..................................................................................................................................
1. csJ ? ........................................... 6. md;g[k; mwKk; ? ......................................
2. khjtk; ? ........................................... 7. ed;fyk; ? ...........................................
3. jhH;fly; ? ........................................... 8. kwj;jy; ? ...........................................
4. brw;wtu; ? ........................................... 9. cyF ? ...........................................
5. Ee;ij ? ...........................................
1. je;jdd;
2. bghype;jhd;

1. mU=;fhdk;
2. bry;yplj;J
In terms of human development objectives, education is an end in itself, not just a means to an end.
Education is a basic human right. It is also the key which opens many economic, social and political
doors for people. It increases access to income and employment opportunities. While economists
generally analyse the importance of education largely as a means for better opportunities in life-and
that is the main theme of this chapter-let it be clearly stated that educating people is a worthy goal in
itself, irrespective of the economic rates of return.
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16 SURYA jkpH;
7. ftpijiag; goj;jgpd;/ mf;ftpij fpsu;j;Jk; czu;t[fs; Fwpj;J tpHpg;g[zu;t[ ciu xd;iw
vGJf.
v=;fSf;Fk; Xu; MWz;L fhfnkh FUtpnah
btWkzy; gug;gha; tpupe;Jfplf;f epHy; xJ=;f
Xzhd;fs; Kl;ilapl Mbw=;Fk; Ks;kuKz;L
fs;spfs; gpiHj;jpUf;f v=;fSf;Fk; Xu; MWz;L
gps;isfs; tpisahl Mw;Wf;nfhu; CUz;L
gd;wpfs; nka;e;jpUf;f CUf;nfhu; rdKz;L
thdj;jpy; nkfKz;L thH;itg;nghy; xd;Wz;L
Nupadpy; kiHa[z;L ? ,s=;nfh fpU&;zd;
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8. ty;ypd bka;fis ,l;Lk; ePf;fpa[k; vGJf.
1.
vd;Dila ek;gpf;if KGtJnk g[jpaj; jiyKiw kPJjhd;" mtu;fs; vy;yh
gpur;rpidfisa[k; xU rp=;fj;ij nghy vjpu;bfhz;Lj; jPu;g;ghu;fs;.
2.
vj;jid Kiw eP kw;wtu;fs; Kd;ndwp bry;tjid fz;L xd;Wk; bra;tjwpahJ
ek;gpf;ifapd;wp Jd;g[Wtha;. epiwa jd;dk;gpf;if bfhs;.
3. ek; thH;f;ifapd; juk; ekJ ftdj;jpd; juj;ij bghWj;jpUf;fpwJ. g[j;jfk; gof;Fk; bghGJ
Tu;e;jf; ftdk; mwpit bgWtjw;Fk; tsu;g;gjw;Fkhd mog;gil njitahFk;.
4. khztu;fs; bgw;nwhu;fis jkJ ez;gu;fshf ghtpj;J el;g[f; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. jkJ

,d;g Jd;g=;fis bgw;nwhu;fSld; gfpu;e;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
5.
MrpupaUf;F fPH;gojy; vd;Dk; Fzk;/ cz;ikahdtw;iw bjupe;Jf; bfhz;L/
mwpahikapid mfw;wp gy ey;ydtw;iw fw;W bfhLf;Fk;.
9.fPH;f;fhQk; gFjpiag; goj;J mwptpg;g[g; gyiff;fhd bra;jpia cUthf;Ff.

ntu;fis tpGJfs; re;jpf;Fk; tpHh/ nk ? 5/ 2019
jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp.
ntiy fhuzkhf btspehLfspy; gpupe;J thGk; cwtpdu;fs; ,Ugj;ije;J Mz;LfSf;Fg;
gpwF re;jpf;Fk; epfH;t[ eilbgw cs;sJ.
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jpUr;rp ciwa{u; md;g[ efupy; trpf;Fk; j=;fnty; ? bghd;dk;khs; ,izaupd; @d;W

jiyKiw tHpj; njhd;wy;fs; re;jpf;Fk; epfH;t[ nk ? 5 Mk; njjp ,dpnj eilbgw cs;sJ.
cwtpdu; Tl;lj;jpy; j=;fnty; ? bghd;dk;khs; mtu;fspd; kfd;fs;/ kfs;fs;/ ngud;fs;/
ngj;jpfs;/ bfhs;Sg; ngud;fs;/ bfhs;Sg; ngj;jpfs; re;jpj;Jg; bgupnahu;fsplk; thH;j;Jg;
bgWfpwhu;fs;. ,e;epfH;r;rpiaj; j=;fnty; mtu;fspd; bfhs;Sg; ngj;jp bry;tp fz;kzp
mtu;fs; xU=;fpizf;fpwhu;.
11. bghUj;jkhd ntw;Wik cUg[fisr; nru;j;J Kiwahd bjhlu;fshf Mf;Ff.

1. Fkud; tPL ghu;j;njd;.
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2. khwd; ngr;Rj;jpwd; ahu; bty;y Koa[k;.
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3. nghl;o btw;wp bgw;wJ fiyr;bry;tp ghuhl;Lfs; Ftpe;jd.
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4. fhiy vGe;J goj;J ekf;F ed;ik Vw;gLk;.
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5. midtu; md;g[ miHj;jtd; Jd;gk; ju ahu; kdk; tUk;.
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6. rhd;nwhu; kjpg;g[ bfhLj;J thH;t[ cauyhk;.
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18 SURYA jkpH;
12. jtpu;ff
; ntz;oa bghWg;g[s;s
Mlk;gur; bryt[fs; vd kfdhf'kfshf c=;fs;
NHy;
ePtpu; fUJtdtw;iwg; bgw;nwhu;f;F vd;bdd;d
gl;oaypLf. cjtpfs; bra;tPu;fs;>
c=;fs; bgw;nwhu;/ ntiyf;Fr; 1. 2.
bry;gtu;fs;. mtu;fspd; khj
Cjpak; FLk;gr; brytpw;Fk;
gog;g[r; brytpw;Fk; jhj;jh
ghl;oiaf; ftdpj;Jf;
bfhs;tjw;Fk; kl;Lk;
nghJkhdjhf cs;sJ.
,r;NHypy; bghWg;g[s;s xU
kfdhf'kfshfg; bgw;nwhu;f;F
eP=;fs; vt;thW cjt[tPu;fs;>
13. bghUs; TWf.

1. btFsp ? ............................................. 3. Vkk; ? .............................................
2. g[iz ? ............................................. 4. jpU ? .............................................
1. Lobby ? ............................................. 3. Checkout ? .............................................
2. Tips ? ............................................. 4. Mini meals ? .............................................
*****
,ay;
1. ``fhtpbdk; fynd " RUf;fpbdk; fyg;ig~~ ? ,j;bjhlupy; `fyd;~ czu;j;Jk; bghUs;
m) nghu;f;fUtp M) jr;Rf;fUtp
,) ,irf;fUtp <) ntshz;fUtp tpil: ...............................
2. Rujh elj;jpa ftpij ,jH;
m) ,yf;fpak; M) fhtpak;
,) Cu;tyk; <) tpz]kPd; tpil: ...............................
3.
``tpz]ntW " tpz]btspapy; ,a=;F fpd;w
btz]kjpa[k; br=;fjpUk; KfpYk; ntW~~ ? ,j;bjhlu; jUk; KGikahd bghUs;
m) tpz]Qk; btz]kjpa[k; ntW ntW
M) tpz]btspa[k; br=;fjpUk; ntW ntW
,) btz]kjpa[k; KfpYk; ntW ntW
<) tpz]/ tpz]btspapy; cs;s btz]kjp/ br=;fjpu;/ Kfpy; midj;Jk; ntW ntW
tpil: ...............................
4. RtonahL bghUe;jhj xd;iwj; nju;t[ bra;f.
m) trk;g[ M) kzj;jf;fhspapiyr; rhW
,) fLf;fha; <) khtpiyf;fup tpil: ...............................
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5. `FHpkhw;W~ ve;jj; JiwnahL bjhlu;g[ila brhy;

m) ,yf;fpak; M) fzpjk;
,) g[tpapay; <) ntshz]ik tpil: ...............................
6. bghUj;Jf.
m) khr;rPu; ? 1. fUtpsk;/ Ttpsk;
M) fha;r;rPu; ? 2. ehs;/ kyu;
,) tpsr;rPu; ? 3. njkh=;fha;/ g[spkh=;fha;
<) Xuirr;rPu; ? 4. njkh/ g[spkh
m) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3 M) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2
,) 2/ 3/ 1/ 4 <) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 tpil: ...............................
gapw;rpfs;
1. btz;ghtpw;F Vw;g mLj;j rPu; vd;dthf mikf;fyhk;> bghUj;jkhd rPupidf; bfhz;L
nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[=;fs;.
1. md;ng .................................................... (Mu;tkha; ' jfspaha;)
2. thd;kiH .................................................... (J}wypy; ' bghHpe;jpod;)
3. fz;zpuz;Lk; .................................................... (,yhjhu; ' ,y;yhu;)
4. btz;zpyt[ .................................................... (fha;fpwJ ' xspu;fpwJ)
5. bta;nahd; .................................................... (fha;e;jpl ' xspu;e;jpl)
2. @d;whtJ rPu; mikj;J vGJf.
1. fy;tp fiuapy ....................................................
2. fy;yhnu MapDk; ....................................................
3. ey;yit bra;apd; ....................................................
4. mtkjpg;g[k; Md;w ....................................................
5. cz;zhJ nehw;ghu; ....................................................
3. fPGs;s brhw;fis <w;Wr; rPuhff; bfhz;L Fws; btz;gh ' neupir btz;gh ' ,d;dpir
btz;gh vGj Kaw;rp bra;at[k;.
1. fly; : ...........................................................................................................................................
2. ths; : ...........................................................................................................................................
3. kiH : ...........................................................................................................................................
4. njd; : ...........................................................................................................................................
5. kuk; : ...........................................................................................................................................
1. ta=;FbkhHp ? .................................................................
2. milah ? .................................................................
3. mwpt[k; g[fGk; ? .................................................................
4. rpwhmu; ? .................................................................
1. vj;jpir
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20 SURYA jkpH;
6.
bjhlupy; cs;s gpiHfis ePf;fp vGJf.
1. ek; khdpyk; ,e;j Mz;L tul;rpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
...........................................................................................................................................................
2. v=;fs; Cupy; E}yff; fl;olk; fl;l mwR epjp xJf;fpaJ.
...........................................................................................................................................................
3. u=;fd; bt=;fyg; ghj;jpuf;fil itj;jpUf;fpwhu;.
...........................................................................................................................................................
4. khdk; ghu;j;j g{kpapy; gapW tiffs; gapuplg;gLfpd;wd.
...........................................................................................................................................................
5. Ig;grp milkiHapy; CUdp epiwe;jJ.
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6. ,d;dpf;F rha=;fhyk; fgo nghl;o eilbgWk;.
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The Serious dearth of library facilities in this country is scarcely keeping with India’s status in the
international community of nations or with her educational and social needs. In this matter. India
compares unfavourably not only with other independent Dominions of the commonwealth but even
with certain British colonies. She possesses only one public library on any considerable size, and even
this institution is inadequate to serve the need of the capital city. Only a few towns can boast of possessing
any library at all. The rural population is completely neglected; There are no travelling libraries to reach
them of kind that are to be found even in some backward countries.
The growth of libraries has lagged. Far behind the increase in the number of schools and the rise in
the rate of literacy. The great mass of the people in India do not have the means to buy books or even
magazines and newspapers; in the absence of sufficient public libraries and reading room, most of them
cannot attain regular reading habits.
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9. brhy;iyg; gpupj;Jk; nru;j;Jk; bjhluikf;f.

1. gyif
2. jhkiu
3. nfhtpy;
4. bt=;fhak;
5. jiyik
10. fPH;f;fz;l ,l=;fspy; c=;fs; bray;ghL vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;>
Tl;lk; epuk;gpa ngUe;jpy;/ eP=;fs; mku;e;jpUf;f. 1.

c=;fs; mUfpy; bgupatu; xUtu; epw;fpwhu;.
gs;spapy; c=;fSila njhHu; grpa[ld; 2.

mku;e;jpUf;fpwhu;.
flw;fiuapy; bgw;nwhuplkpUe;J gpupe;J 3.

tHpjtwpa rpWkp fz;zPu;tpl;Lf; fy=;Ffpwhu;.

1. Arrival - ......................................... 5. Conveyor Belt - ........................................
2. Passport - ........................................ 6. Domestic Flight - ........................................
3. Departure - ........................................ 7. Take off - ........................................
4. Visa - ........................................
*****
,ay;
gyt[s; bjhpf.
1. brd;id btWk; efuk; kl;Lky;y. mJ ek;gpf;if ikak; ? fhuzk;
m) neuo/ kiwKf ntiytha;g;g[fspd; fsk;
M) bkd;bghUs;/ td;bghUs; thfd cw;gj;jpapy; g=;F
,) bkd;bghUs; Vw;Wkjpapy; Kd;dpiy
<) m/ M/ , midj;Jk; tpil: ...............................
2. Tw;W : ,e;jpahtpd; gy gFjpfspy; ,Ue;Jk; berthsu;fs; brd;id nehf;fp te;jdu;.
fhuzk; : fpHf;fpe;jpa epWtdj;jpd; tzpfk;/ Jzp rhu;e;jjhfnt ,Ue;jJ.
m) Tw;W rup/ fhuzk; jtW M) Tw;W jtW/ fhuzk; rup
,) Tw;W jtW/ fhuzk; jtW <) Tw;W rup fhuzk; rup tpil: ...............................
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22 SURYA jkpH;
3. bghUj;Jf.
m) jpUty;ypf;nfzp MW ? 1. khtypg[ur; bryt[
M) gf;fp=;fhk; fhy;tha; ? 2. fy; nfhlup
,) gy;yhtuk; ? 3. mU=;fhl;rpafk;
<) vGk;g{u; ? 4. Ttk;
m) 1/ 2/ 4/ 3 M) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3
,) 4/ 1/ 2/ 3 <) 2/ 4/ 3/ 1 tpil: ...............................
4. `cs;bshd;W itj;Jg; g[wk;bghd;W ngRthu;~ ? ,j;bjhlu; czu;j;Jk; gz;g[
m) neu;kiwg; gz;g[ M) vjpu;kiwg; gz;g[
,) Kuz;gz;g[ <) ,it midj;Jk; tpil: ...............................
5. `tpspawp +kyp~ ? ,jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; tpy=;F vJ>
m) vUJ M) Fjpiu
,) eha; <) ahHp tpil: ...............................
6. gokk; vd;gjd; bghUs;
m) brhy; M) bray;
,) fhl;rp <) xyp tpil: ...............................
7. `fhiy ,sk; btapy; ed;whf nka/ Jk;gWj;Jj; Js;sptUk; g[Jbtapy;~ ,f;ftpijapy; ..............
gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
m) gad; gokk; M) tpidg;gokk;
,) bka;g;gokk; <) cUg;gokk; tpil: ...............................
8. Tw;W : ctik cUtfk; nghyg; gokKk; tpid/ gad;/ bka;/ cU Mfpatw;wpd;
mog;gilapy; njhd;Wk;.
fhuzk; : vt;tifahd gokkhf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ fhl;rp tHpna fUj;jpid tpsf;Ftjpy;iy.
m) Tw;W rup/ fhuzk; jtW M) Tw;W jtW/ fhuzk; rup
,) Tw;Wk; rup/ fhuzKk; rup <) Tw;Wk; jtW/ fhuzKk; jtW tpil: ...............................
9. bka;g;gokj;Jf;Fupa ghliyj; nju;t[ bra;f.
m) beU+;rpf; fl;fpd; g[Jkyu; Kl;gae; jh=;F
M) fl;oy; epzf;Fk; ,Hprpdd; ifaJ
,) ghrpkzpf; fz;Qk; rptg;g[f; nfhl;Lf; fGj;Jk;
<) bte;jhW bghd;dpd; me;jp g{g;g tpil: ...............................
gapw;rpfs;
1. kyuo ? ......................................... 5. bgU=;fly; ? .........................................
2. kwth ? ......................................... 6. cHhmJ ? .........................................
3. tsu;jyk; ? ......................................... 7. btuP,a ? .........................................
4. khkapiy ? .........................................
1. epidf;fpd;w
2. itj;J
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3. ngRthu;
4. fz;lhd;
5. mku;e;jhd;
6. bra;j
7. rhw;wp

1. cs;bshd;W
2. xUika[ld;
3. g{k;ghtha;
4. bgU=;fly;
Periyar was not only a great social revolutionary; he was something more than that. He is known as
a great champion of the underprivileged; even in this sphere he was much more than that. His sphere of
activity was very wide and when he took up any issue he went deep into it, understood all the aspects of
it and did not rest until he had found a permanent solution to it. Communal differences in our society
were deep-tooted and appeared to be permanent features of our society until Periyar came on the scene.
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cs;ehl;Lr; re;ijf;Fg;
bghUs;fis
vLj;Jr; bry;Yk; rpW
tzpfu; Tl;lk;.
17k; E}w;whz;L/ rpjk;guk;.
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24 SURYA jkpH;
6. ngr;RtHf;if vGj;J tHf;fhf khw;Wf.
1. ,g;g vdf;Fg; g[up+;R nghr;R. ePa[k; g[up+;rpf;nfh.
...........................................................................................................................................................
2. epyj;jf; bfswQk;lh mg;gjhd; tFW epiwa[k;.
...........................................................................................................................................................
2. mz;izf;F mtDf;Fg; gzk; FLj;J xjtpapUf;f ntz;oajhd.
...........................................................................................................................................................
3. t{l;lhz;l btisahz;l bfhae;ijia mg;gh v=;f ,!;JfpD nghdhU.
...........................................................................................................................................................
4. g[s;isf;F clk;g[ rupapy;iy @Q ehsh rpukg;gLJ.
...........................................................................................................................................................
5. uitf;F rpj;jg;gd fhtYf;Fg; nght brhy;.
...........................................................................................................................................................
7. <w;wo vGjpj; Jspg;ghit epiwt[ bra;f.
1. g{l;oa 2.tpGk; 3. mg;gobad;d 4. g{j;j 5. thdk;
tPl;oYk; ku=;fs; brhy;ypaJ fhw;W kybuhd;W mGfpwJ
g{j;Jr; rpupf;fpwJ. mHpa[k; fhL. Fjpj;jhLfpwJ gwf;fpwJ g{kp rpupf;fpwJ.
nkfk;.
............................. .......................... ..................................... .......................... ..........................
8. fUj;Jg;glj;ijg; g[upe;Jbfhz;L gj;jpahf vGJf.
r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs;
vl;Lj;bjhif gj;Jg;ghl;L
mfk; g[wk; mfKk; g[wKk; mfk; g[wk;

ew;wpiz g[wehD}W gupghly; Fwp+;rpg;ghl;L kJiuf;fh+;rp
FWe;bjhif gjpw;Wg;gj;J Ky;iyg;ghl;L jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil
I=;FWE}W beLey;thil bghUeuhw;Wg;gil
mfehD}W gl;odg;ghiy bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil
fypj;bjhif rpWghzhw;Wg;gil
Tj;juhw;Wg;gil
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9. fPH;f;fhQk; gFjpiag; goj;Jg; ghh;j;J gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fisf; fz;lwpe;J jkpH;g;gLj;Jf.

ru;f;fhu; bfhLf;Fk; rk;gsk; $Ptdj;Jf;Fg; nghJkh> mjw;Fs; $Ptdk; elj;j Koa[kh>
vd;W mtu; rpe;jpj;jJ fpilahJ. rpe;jpf;f Kad;wJk; fpilahJ" vy;yhk; khia" cs;Au; epw;Fk;
Mj;kh khRgltpy;iy. jhd; ntW ,e;j khia ntW. jhd; ,e;jg; gpug+;rj;ij Ml;oitf;Fk;
rf;jpapd; xU mk;rk; vd;W jplkhf ek;gpapUe;jhu;. Vbdd;why;/ mtuJ Mj;k tprhuj;ijr;
nrhjid nghl;Lg; ghu;f;f ,Jtiu bja;tj;Jf;nfh kD&Df;nfh mtfhrk; fpilj;jjp;y;iy.
kD& tu;f;fk; KGtJnk jd;idg; gilj;jtDila jd;ikia !;g[lk; nghl;Lg; ghu;g;gJ
nghy jtWf;F nky; jtW bra;J bfhz;oUe;jJ.
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1. Affidavit - ................................................ 4. Plaintiff - ................................................
2. Jurisdiction - ................................................ 5. Conviction - ................................................
3. Allegation - ................................................
*****
,ay;
gyt[s; bjhpf.
1. Mu;g;gupf;Fk; fly;
mjd; moj;jsk;
bksdk;" kfhbksdk; ? mofs; g[yg;gLj;JtJ
m) ,iur;ry; M) FiwFlk; Tj;jhLk;
,) epiwFlk; ePu;j;jGk;gy; ,y; <) g[w mirt[fs; mfj;jpid mirf;f ,ayhJ
tpil: ...............................
2. VH; Mz]L ,aw;wp Xu; <uhW Mz]oy; NH;fHy; kd;dw;Ff; fhl;ly; ................ bjhlu;fspy;
btspg;gLk; bra;jpfs;.
1. khjtp VG Mz]Lfs; tiu ehl;oak; gapd;whs;.
2. <uhW tajpy; mu=;nfw;wk; bra;a tpUk;gpdhs;.
m) 1?rup/ 2?jtW M) 1?jtW/ 2?rup
,) 1?jtW/ 2?jtW <) 1?rup/ 2?rup tpil: ...............................
3. bghUj;Jf.
m) Mke;jpupif ? 1. gl;lj;J ahid
M) muR cth ? 2. @=;fpy;
,) fH+;;R ? 3. ,lf;if thj;jpak;
<) fiH ? 4. vil mst[
m) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2 M) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3
,) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 <) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 tpil: ...............................
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26 SURYA jkpH;
4. ntWgl;lijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
m) mz;ikf; fhl;rpj; Jzpg;g[ M) nra;ikf; fhl;rpj; Jzpg;g[
,) eLf;fhl;rpj; Jzpg;g[ <) fhl;rp kiwt[ tpil: ...............................
5. Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpak; vd;Dk; brhw;bwhliuj; jk; ciuapy; Fwpg;gpl;ltu;
m) rpt+hd Kdptu; M) kapiy ehju;
,) MWKf ehtyu; <) ,sk;g{uzu; tpil: ...............................
6. Tw;W 1 : fhg;gpak; vd;Dk; brhy; fhg;g[ + ,ak; vdg; gpupe;J kuigf; fhg;gJ/ ,ak;g[tJ/
btspg;gLj;JtJ/ bkhHpiar; rpijahky; fhg;gJ vd;bwy;yhk; bghUs; jUfpwJ.
Tw;W 2 : Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fSs; xd;W ePynfrp.
m) Tw;W 1 rup/ Tw;W 2 jtW M) Tw;W 2 rup/ Tw;W 1 jtW
,) ,uz]Lk; rup <) ,uz]Lk; jtW tpil: ...............................
7. rupahdtw;iwg; bghUj;jpj; nju;f :
m) fhij ? 1. fe;jg[uhzk;
M) rUf;fk; ? 2. rPtfrpe;jhkzp
,) ,yk;gfk; ? 3. Nshkzp
<) glyk; ? 4. rpyg;gjpfhuk;
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
,) 3/ 4/ 2/ 1 <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 tpil: ...............................
8. jtwhd ,iziaj; nju;f :
ghtif ,yf;fpak;
m) tpUj;jg;gh ? ehyoahu;
M) Mrpupag;gh ? mfehD}W
,) fypbtz]gh ? J}J
<) Fws; btz]gh ? jpUf;Fws; tpil: ...............................
9.
glj;jpw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisf; fz]Lgpof;f.
m) vz]zpa vz]zpah=;F va;Jg vz]zpahu;
jpz]zpau; Mfg; bgwpd;.
M) cUt[fz]L vs;shik ntz]Lk; cUs;bgUe;nju;f;F
mr;rhzp md;dhu; cilj;J.
,) tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;gJ xUtd; kdj;jpl;gk;
kw;iwa vy;yhk; gpw. tpil: ...............................
10. ftpijf;Fg; bghUe;Jk; jpUf;Fwisf; fz]lwpf.
kdnkh khl;Ltz]o m) vt;tJ ciwtJ cyfk; cyfj;njhL
ghijbahG=;fpy; nghf epidf;Fk; khL mt;tJ ciwtJ mwpt[.
,g;go ,Ue;jhy; vg;go efUk; M) brd;w ,lj;jhy; brytplh jPJxhP,
thH;f;ifr; rf;fuk; ed;wpd;ghy; ca;g;gJ mwpt[.
Cu; nghFk; ghijapy; ,) mwptw;wk; fhf;Fk; fUtp brWthu;f;Fk;
rf;fuk; cUz]lhy; cs;sHpf;fy; Mfh muz].
mJnt mwpt[" mJnt bjspt[. tpil: ...............................
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11. gpd;tUk; ehyoahu; ghlypd; bghUSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisf; fz]lwpf.

rPupau; nfz]ik rpwe;j rpwg;gpw;wha; m) giHak; vdf;fUjpg; gz]g[ my;y bra;a[k;
khupnghy; khz]l gaj;jjhk; ? khup bfGjifik nfL jUk;.
twe;jf;fhy; nghYnk thyUtp ehl- M) vjpujhf; fhf;Fk; mwptpdhu;f;F ,y;iy
rpwe;jf;fhy; rPupahu; el;g[. mjpu tUtnjhu; neha;.
,) ey;ypdj;jpd; C=;Fk; Jizapy;iy jPapdj;jpd;
my;yy; gLg;gJ}ck; ,y;.
tpil: ...............................
12. my;yy; gLg;gJ}ck; ,y; ? vtnuhL gHfpdhy;>
m) ths;nghy; giftu; M) bka;g;bghUs; fhz]gtu;
,) vz]zpah=;F va;Jgtu; <) jPapdj;jhu; tpil: ...............................
13. jpz]zpau; vd;gjd; bghUs;
m) mwpt[ilatu; M) kd cWjpa[ilatu;
,) jPf;fha;thu; <) mwptpdhu; tpil: ...............................
14. Muha;e;J brhy;fpwtu;
m) muru; M) brhy;ypago bra;gtu;
,) J}Jtu; <) cwtpdu; tpil: ...............................
15. bghUj;Jf.
m) ghk;nghL cld; ciwe;jw;W ? 1. jPf;fha;thu;
M) brj;jhu; ? 2. rPu; mHpf;Fk; NJ
,) tWik jUtJ ? 3. fs; cz]gtu;
<) ,fy; nte;ju; nru;e;J xGFthu; ? 4. cld;ghL ,y;yhjtu;
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1
,) 4/ 1/ 3/ 2 <) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 tpil: ...............................
16. eL=;Fk;goahd Jd;gk; ,y;yhjtu;>
m) tug;nghtij Kd;dnu mwpe;J fhj;Jf; bfhs;s Toatu;
M) kdj;jpl;gk; cilatu;
,) muriur; rhu;e;J thH;fpd;wtu;
<) NjhLkplj;jpy; fhyk; fHpg;gtu; tpil: ...............................
17. vspaJ/ mupaJ vd;gd
m) jPapdj;jpd; Jiz ? ey;ypdj;jpd; Jiz
M) brhy;tJ ? brhy;ypago bra;tJ
,) rpWik gy bra;tJ ? giftu; bjhlu;g[
<) bka;g;bghUs; fhz]gJ ? cUt[fz]L vs;shjJ tpil: ...............................
gapw;rpfs;
1. bjhy;bewp ? ..................................................................................
2. MlYk; ghlYk; ? ..................................................................................
3. eif/ mGif/ ,sptuy;/ kUl;if/ mr;rk;/ bgUkpjk;/ btFsp/ ctif ? .............................
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28 SURYA jkpH;
1. bjhGjdu;
2. eif
3. kUl;if
4. btFsp

1. jiyf;nfhy;
Popular as the ‘Cultural Capital’ of India, Tamil Nadu is extremely well-known for its marvellous
temples and other architectural gems. The state rose to prominence primarily because of its well-known
and outstanding Tanjore Paintings that flourished at the time of Chola dynasty in ancient Tanjavoor.
In this traditional art form, the paintings showcase the embellished form of the sacred deities of the
region. The deities in the paintings are festooned with glass pieces, pearls, semi-precious stones, and
gold and other vibrant colours. In the modern times, Tanjore paintings look up to human figures,
animals, floral motifs and birds as muses.
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5.
fPH;f;fhQk; bjhlu;fspy; milg;g[f;Fs; cs;s bgau;r;brhy;iyj; bjhlu;fSf;F Vw;wthW
khw;wp vGJf.
1. fgpyd; jpwikahdtu; vd;W ............................................ (Fkud;) bjupa[k;.
2. new;W Kjy; ............................................ (miz) ePu;kl;lk; cau;e;J tUfpwJ.
3. c=;fSf;F ............................................ (ahu;) ed;ik vd epidf;fpwPu;fs;.tpil:
4. KUfd; ............................................ (ntfk;) brd;Wk; ngUe;ijg; gpof;f ,aytpy;iy.
5. ek;Kila ............................................ (njit) mst[ Fiwe;jhy; kfpH;r;rp bgUFk;.
6. bghUs; ntWghL mwpe;J bjhlu; mikf;f.
1. fsk; ? fyk; :
2. tyk; ? tsk; :
3. g[y; ? g[s; :
4. ciH ? cis :
5. fhd; ? fhz] :
6. Cz] ? Cd; :
7. jpd;ik ? jpz]ik :
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8. fPH;f;fhQk; ehd;F brhw;fisf; bfhz;L bjhlu; vGJf.

1. thdk; / gw/ epyt[/ bjhL ?
2. rUF/ tpG/ kz]/ miy ?
3. tpz]kPd;/ xspu;/ vup/ tpG ?
4. Fjpiu/ ntfk; XL/ jht[ ?
5. FHe;ij/ el/ jspu;eil/ tpG ?
6. jpiu/ fhz]/ ifjl;ly;/ kf;fs; ?
9. Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L tpil vGJf.

1. fiyfspy; c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j tot=;fs;
vit> fhuzk; vd;d>
2. eP=;fs; ve;jf; fiyapy; ty;ytu;>
3. VnjDk; fiy gapy epidj;jhy; c=;fs;
nju;t[ vJthf ,Uf;Fk;>
4. bghGJnghf;fhfg; bghUs;fisr; nrfupg;gjpy;
Mu;tk; cz]lh> Mk; vdpy; vitbait vdf;
Fwpg;gpLf.
5. bghd;bkhHpfs;/ Fwpg;gf
[ s; Mfpatw;iwj;
nju;eb
; jLj;J vGjpf; Fwpg;ngL jahupf;Fk;
tHf;fk; cz]lh> Mk; vdpy; mit
vj;jifait vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.
6. ehl;Fwpg;g[ vGJtPu;fsh> vdpy; vj;jif
Fwpg;g[fis vGJtPu;fs;>
1. Artist - ................................... 4. Newsreel - ...................................
2. Sound-Effect - ................................... 5. Animation - ...................................
3. Cinematography - ................................... 6. Multiplex compled - ...................................
*****
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30 SURYA jkpH;
,ay;
gyt[s; bjhpf.
1. `gyu; J+;rt[k; jhk; J+;rhd;~ tpHpj;jpUe;jtUk; mtiug; ghoatUk;
m) nrhHd; beL=;fps;spia ? ghzu;
M) nrhHd; ey=;fps;spia ? nfht{u;fpHhu;
,) fizf;fhy; ,Uk;bghiwia ? fgpyu;
<) fupfhyid ? cUj;jpu=;fz;zdhu; tpil: ...............................
2. mjpra kyupd; g[d;difiag; gpoj;jthW jkpH;ejp flf;fr; brhy;tJ
m) fle;jfhyj; Jau=;fis M) Ml;fsw;w bghGij
,) gr;irak; ,He;j epyj;ij <) midj;ija[k; tpil: ...............................
3. Kr;re;jp ,yf;fpak; vd;gJ
Tw;W 1: fij totpyhd totk; cilaJ.
Tw;W 2: bgupa vGj;Jg; g[j;jfk; vd;W miHf;fg;gLtJ.
m) Tw;W 1 rup Tw;W 2 jtW M) Tw;W 1/ 2 rup
,) Tw;W 1/ 2 jtW <) Tw;W 1 jtW Tw;W 2 rup tpil: ...............................
4. cz;L gpwe;J tsu;e;j ,le;jdpy; ? ,j;bjhlupy; bgabur;rk;
m) cz;L M) gpwe;J
,) tsu;e;j <) ,le;jdpy; tpil: ...............................
5. ahid g[f;f g[yk;nghy ? ,t;t[tikf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd bjhlu;
m) jdf;Fg; gad;gLk;/ gpwUf;Fg; gad;glhJ.
M) jdf;Fk; gad;glhJ/ gpwUf;Fk; gad;glhJ.
,) gpwUf;Fg; gad;gLk;/ jdf;Fg; gad;glhJ.
<) jdf;Fk; gad;gLk;/ gpwUf;Fk; gad;gLk;. tpil: ...............................
6. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; bjhd;kj;jpw;Fg; bghUe;jh xd;iwj; nju;f.
m) fu;zd; njhw;whd; ngh
M) tajpy; rpwpats;/ MdhYk; jiytp
,) ,e;j ehujuplk; vr;rupf;ifahf ,U
<) ,e;jh nghwhd; jUkd; tpil: ...............................
7. bjhd;kk; gw;wpa Tw;WfSs; jtwhd xd;iwj; nju;f.
m) cUthf;fg;gl;L ,Wfptpl;l tot=;fs;
M) gH=;fijiaf; bfhz;L fUj;ij tpsf;FtJ.
,) ek;g KoahjJ nghy; njhd;Wk; epfH;r;rpfs; bra;jpfs;.
<) tps=;fhj fUj;Jfisg; gHbkhHpapd; @yk; tpsf;FtJ. tpil: ...............................
8. `rhgtpnkhrdk;~ `mfypif~ fijfspy; bjhd;k=;fisg; gad;gLj;jpatu;
m) F. mHfpuprhkp M) g[Jikg;gpj;jd;
,) b$ankhfd; <) v!;.,uhkfpU&;zd; tpil: ...............................
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9. gz;g[f;FwpaPLfisf; fij khe;ju;fnshL bghUj;Jf.

m) mwk; ? 1. fu;zd;
M) typik ? 2. kDePjpr;nrhHd;
,) ePjp ? 3. gPkd;
<) ts;sy; ? 4. jUkd;
m) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4 M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1
,) 2/ 4/ 3/ 1 <) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 tpil: ...............................
gapw;rpfs;
1. fha;bey; ? .......................................................................................
2. g[f;f ? .......................................................................................
3. mwpah ? .......................................................................................
1. mwpe;J
2. mWj;J
A White woman, about 50 years old, was seated next to a black man. Obviously disturbed by this,
she called the airhostess. “Madam, what is the matter?” the hostess asked. “You placed me next to a
black man. Give me an alternative seat”. The hostess replied. “Almost all the places on this flight are
taken. I will go to see if another place is available. The hostess went away and came back a few minutes
later. “Madam, just as I thought, there are no other available seats in the economy class. We still have
one place in the first class”.
Before the woman could say anything, the hostess continued. “It would be scandalous to make
someone sit next to someone so disgusting”. She turned to the black guy and said, “ Sir, a seat awaits
you in the first class”. At the moment, the other passengers who were shocked by what they had just
witnessed stood up and applauded. Take a lesson from the sun who shines his light on everyone. Or the
rain that falls on every single shore. No distinction of our race or the colour of our face. Nature’s gifts
are there for all men rich or poor. (Courtesy: S.S.S. Bal Vikas)
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32 SURYA jkpH;
4. fPH;f;fhQk; tpsk;guj;ijg; goj;J ehspjH;r; bra;jpahf khw;Wf.
5. kug[r; brhw;fisj; bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.

1. Mw mku
2. Mzp moj;jhw; nghy
3. mfyf;fhy;
4. tHptHpahf
5. fz; Jilg;g[
6.
bjhlupy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s kug[g; gpiHfis ePf;fp vGJf.
1. thiHf;fhl;oy; Fapy;fs; mywpf;bfhz;Lk; fhf=;fs; Ttpf;bfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jd.
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2. KUfd; nrhW rhg;gpl;Lg; ghy; Foj;jhd;.
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3. nfhtpe;jd; FoapUf;f Rtu; fl;o Tiu mikj;jhu;.
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4. tdtpy=;Ff; fhg;gfj;jpy; rp=;ff;Fl;oa[k; ahidf;Fl;oa[k; fz;nld;.
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5. Ml;Lj; bjhGtj;ijr; Rw;wpYk; vypfs; bghe;Jfs; mikj;jpUe;jd.
...........................................................................................................................................................
6. gid kl;ilahy; Tiu itj;jpUe;jdu;.
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7. gj;jpiag; goj;J njitahd ,l=;fspy; epWj;jf;Fwpfis ,l;L vGJf.

,s=;nfh mofs; rhj;jdhuplk; Kd;bra;j tpid epiwntWk; fhyk; vd;wPu;fns mtu;fSila
Ke;ija tpid ahJ mjd; tpist[ vd;d epfH;e;j fhyk; ahJ mij eP=;fs; mwpe;jpUe;jhy;
TWf vdf; nfl;lhu;
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8. goj;Jg; ghu;j;Jg; gilf;f. goj;Jg; ghu;j;Jg; gilj;jJ.
bkd;gwitf; TL kpd;wp
jpd;gjw;Fj; jPdpapd;wp
jd; rpwpa F+;Rfis
bghd; rpwfpy; @o epd;W
epw;fjpahk; epiyjdpny
epw;f xU epHy; njo
gw;gytha; vz;zkpl;L
gf;fk; xU kuk; fz;L
jUtpd; epHy; fz;L
jhdpaj;jpd; kzp fz;L
mUfpy; jd; F+;Rfis
mizj;j=;F brd;wJnt
beU=;fp te;J ghu;f;ifapny
epHypy;iy kzpapy;iy
beU+;rp Ks;is bey;kzpaha;
epidj;J tpl;l gupjhgk;
gr;iraw;w kuj;jUnf
glu;tJz;nlh epHyJt[k;
giraw;w be+;rpDs;ns
ghrbkDk; epHYz;nlh> ?g{uzp
10.
bghJr;brhj;Jf;fisg; ghJfhf;ft[k; guhkupf;ft[k; ePtpu; bra;a ntz;oa gzpfisg;
gl;oaypLf.
(ek;Kila tPl;od;kPJ ekf;F ,Uf;Fk; bghWg;gpidg; nghynt bghJr;brhj;Jf;fspd; kPJk;
ekf;Fg; bghWg;g[k; flika[k; cz;L. vitbay;yhk; bghJr;brhj;Jfs; vdg; gl;oaypl;L
mtw;iwg; ghJfhf;Fk; tHpKiwfisf; TWf.
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34 SURYA jkpH;
bghJr; brhj;Jfs; mtw;iwg; ghJfhf;Fk; Kiwfs;
muRg; ngUe;J
tHpghl;Lj; jy=;fs;
gs;spf;Tl=;fs;
kUj;Jtkidfs;

1. Debit Card – ......................................... 4. Teller – .........................................
2. Demand Draft – ......................................... 5. Mobile Banking – .........................................
3. Withdrawal Slip – ......................................... 6. Internet Banking – .........................................
*****
,ay;
gyt[s; bjhpf.
1. rpWghzhw;Wg;gil fhl;Lk; ghl;Lilj; jiytdpd; ,d;iwa epyg;gFjp
m) cjfkz;lyk; M) tpGg;g[uk;
,) jpz;otdk; <) jUkg[up tpil: ...............................
2. bghUe;jhj xd;iwf; fz;lwpf.
m) jdpj;jkpH;j; je;ij ? 1. K.tujuhrdhu;
M) Muha;r;rpg; nguwp+u; ? 2. kapiy. rPdp. nt=;flrhkp
,) jkpH;j; bjd;wy; ? 3. jpU.tp.f.
<) bkhHp +hapW ? 4. njtneag;ghthzu; tpil: ...............................
3. r.j. rw;Fzupd; ciuiaf; nfl;Lj; J}z;lg; bgw;w kapiy rPdp. nt=;flrhkp vGjpa E}y;.
m) bgsj;jKk; jkpGk; M) ,RyhKk; jkpGk;
,) rkzKk; jkpGk; <) fpwpj;JtKk; jkpGk; tpil: ...............................
4. ehd; btw;Wbtspapy; miye;J bfhz;oUf;fpnwd; vdJ Kfj;ijj; njoago vd;W Rfe;jp
Rg;gpukzpad; njLtjhff; Fwpg;gpLtJ.
m) jkJ tPl;L Kftupia M) jkJ FLk;gj;ij
,) jkJ milahsj;ij <) jkJ gilg;g[fis tpil: ...............................
5. filbaG ts;sy;fspd; tupiriar; rhuhj kd;du;fs;
m) Ma; mz;ouDk; mjpfDk; M) ey;ypaf; nfhlDk; FkzDk;
,) es;spa[k; Xupa[k; <) ghupa[k; fhupa[k; tpil: ...............................
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6. FwpaPLfisg; bghUj;Jf.
m) bgz; ? 1. rkhjhdk;
M) g[wh ? 2. tPuk;
,) juhR ? 3. tpsf;F
<) rp=;fk; ? 4. ePjp
m) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3 M) 2/ 4/ 3/ 1
,) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2 <) 3/ 1/ 2/ 4 tpil: ...............................
7. Tw;W : 19 Mk; E}w;whz;oy; FwpaPl;oak; Xu; ,yf;fpaf; nfhl;ghlhf cUg;bgw;wJ.
fhuzk; : bghjnyu;/ iuk;ngh/ btu;nyd;/ ky;yhu;nk Kjyhdtu;fs; FwpaPl;oaj;ij
tsu;j;jtu;fs;.
m) Tw;W rup/ fhuzk; jtW M) Tw;W rup/ fhuzk; rup
,) Tw;W jtW/ fhuzk; jtW <) Tw;W jtW/ fhuzk; rup tpil: ...............................
8. r=;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy;/ mfj;jpiz khe;ju;fspd; cs;sj;J czu;t[fisf; Fwpg;ghf czu;j;Jk;
FwpaPLfs;.
m) ctik M) ctnkak;
,) cj;jp <) cs;Siw ctik tpil: ...............................
9. `jpl;lk;~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; tu=;fs; rhg=;fs; MFbkd;why; ,=;nf jt=;fs; vjw;fhf> vd;W
vGjg;gl;Ls;s ftpijapy; `tuk;~ vjw;Ff; FwpaPlhfpwJ>
m) mKjRugp M) Mjpiug; gUf;if
,) jpl;lk; <) gadw;w tpist[ tpil: ...............................
10. kiwj;Jr; brhy;yt[k; kpFj;Jr; brhy;yt[k; mGj;jpr; brhy;yt[k; gad;gLk; ,yf;fpa cj;jp vJ>
m) FwpaPL M) gokk;
,) m=;fjk; <) bjhd;kk; tpil: ...............................
gapw;rpfs;
1. fUj;jlk;/ bt=;FUjp ? ...............................................................................................
2. bte;J/ rpde;J/ nghe;J ? ...............................................................................................
3. cd;dypu; ? ...............................................................................................
4. Xu;kpd; ? ...............................................................................................
5. brhw;w/ jpUe;jpa ? ...............................................................................................
6. ghjfu; ? ...............................................................................................
7. Cd;w Cd;w ? ...............................................................................................
8. tha;j;j/ ctg;g[/ bfhLj;j/ <e;j ? ...............................................................................................
9. fthmd; ? ...............................................................................................
10. jlf;if ? ...............................................................................................
11. ePyk; ? ...............................................................................................
12. mUe;jpwy;/ beLtHp/ bts;sUtp/ ed;bkhHp/ beLnty;/ ed;dhL ? .....................................
13. fly;jhid ? ...............................................................................................
14. mutf;fly; ? ...............................................................................................
15. kiyjy; ? ...............................................................................................
16. tpupfly; ? ...............................................................................................
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36 SURYA jkpH;
1. gifj;j
2. fise;J
3. gHpj;jdu;
4. ,oe;J
5. <e;j
6. mku;e;jdd;
7. jh=;fpa

1. Kd;Dil
2. ViHbad
3. ed;bkhHp
4. cuDil
I make sure I have the basic good habits which respecting my elders, greeting people when I meet
them, wishing them well when departing etc. Other than this, observing the law, serving the poor and
downtrodden, helping the sick and needy, giving shelter to the homeless, assisting someone with a
physically challenged etc. are also other good habits of mine. To lead on a peaceful life. I develop other
good habits, writing, listening to music, dancing, singing etc. are other such habits which fulfill the
needs of my soul.
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5. fijiag; goj;Jg; bghUSzu;e;J epfH;it ciuahlyhf khw;Wf.
``vdf;F rpy;f; rl;il ,Uf;nf- cdf;F ,Uf;fh- vd;W bfl;of;fhuj;jdkhff; nfl;lhd;
uhkrhkp. bry;iyah gjpy; brhy;yj; bjupahky; tpHpj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jhd;" jk;igah
Mfhaj;ijg; ghu;j;J nahrid bra;jhd;" k=;fk;khs; @f;fpd;nky; Ms; fhl;o tpuiy itj;Jf;
bfhz;Lk; fz;iz ,nyrhf @of; bfhz;Lk; nahrid bra;jhs;. me;j @tUk; uhkrhkpapd;
nfs;tpf;F vd;d gjpy; brhy;yg; nghfpwhu;fs; vd;W MtnyhL vjpu;ghu;j;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jhu;fs;
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kw;w gps;isfs;. md;W gs;spf;Tlj;jpypUf;Fk;nghJ uhkrhkpf;Fk; bry;iyaht[f;Fk; ,ilna

xU nghl;o ele;jJ. uhkrhkp jd; Ìe;jhk; tFg;gpw;Fupa ,e;jpanjr rupj;jpu`g; g[j;jfj;ij vLj;J
itj;Jf; bfhz;lhd;. bry;iyah me;j tU&k; ,e;jpanjr rupj;jpuk; th=;ftpy;iy" mjdhy;
jd;dplKs;s xU rptpf;!; g[j;jfj;ij vLj;J itj;Jf; bfhz;lhd;. ,UtUk; `glg;nghl;o~ia
Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhu;fs;. ? ùh$h te;jpUf;fpwhu;~/ F. mHfpuprhkp
6.
tpilf;nfw;w tpdh mikf;f.
1. FLk;gk; vd;w brhy; Kjd;Kjypy; jpUf;Fwspy;jhd; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
...........................................................................................................................................................
2. eLtz; muR 2005 Mk; Mz;L ork;gu; 23 md;W njrpa nguplu; nkyhz;ik Mizaj;ij
mikj;jJ.
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3. rhiyfspy; ,lk; bgw;wpUf;Fk; FwpaPLfs; nghf;Ftuj;jpidr; rPu; bra;at[k; ghJfhg;ghf
gazpf;ft[k; cjt[fpd;wd.
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4. 1856 ,y; bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; Kjy; bjhlu;tz;o epiyak; ,uhag[uj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
...........................................................................................................................................................
5. `àjhu;j;j epfH;itg; gilg;ghSika[ld; btspg;gLj;Jtnj Mtzg;glk;~~ vd;fpwhu;
fpupnahu;rd;
...........................................................................................................................................................
www.nammakalvi.com
38 SURYA jkpH;
8.
ePtPu; bry;Yk; tHpapy; tpgj;jpidf; fhz;fpwPu;fs;. tpgj;jpw;fhd fhuz=;fs; vd;d>
gl;oaypLf. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F ehk; vt;tpjk; cjtyhk;>
tpgj;jpw;fhd fhuz=;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F vt;tpjk; cjtyhk;>
mDkjpj;j msit tpl ntfkhf KjYjtp bra;j gpd; ntfkhf Xl;lf; TlhJ
Xl;Ljy;. vd;W mwpt[iu TWntd;.
1. 2.
3. 4.
1. Stamp pad - .................................................. 4. File - ..................................................
2. Stapler - .................................................. 5. Rubber Stamp - ..................................................
3. Folder - .................................................. 6. Eraser - ..................................................
*****
mzp ,yf;fzk;
1. bghUs; ntw;Wikazpiar; rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.
mzp ,yf;fzk; :
bra;a[spy; ,UntW bghUs;fSf;fpilna xw;Wikiaf; Twpag; gpd; ntWgLj;jpf;
fhl;LtJ bghUs; ntw;Wik mzp vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W :
``X=;fypil te;J cau;e;njhu; bjhHtps=;fp
V=;bfhypePu; +hyj;(J) ,Usfw;Wk; ? M=;ftw;Ws;
kpd;ndu; jdpahHp bt=;fjpbuhd;(W) VidaJ
jd;ndu; ,yhj jkpH;-~~
tpsf;fk; :
jkpGf;Fk;/ fjputDf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s gad; rhu;e;j xw;Wikia Kjypy; Twp mtw;Ws;
jkpH; jd;ndupyhjJ vd;w jd;ikiag; gpd;du; ntWgLj;jpf; fhl;Ltjhy; ,J bghUs;
ntw;Wikazp Mapw;W. ,J ntw;Wik mzpapd; xU gpupthFk;.
2. ``jPapdhw; Rl;lg[z; cs;shWk; Mwhnj

ehtpdhw; Rl;l tL~~ ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUk; mzpia tpsf;Ff.
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; ntw;Wik mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
mzp ,yf;fzk; :
,UbghUl;fSf;F ,ilna xg;g[ikiaf; Twp mtw;Ws; xd;wpypUe;J xd;W ntWgLj;jpf;;
TWtJ ntw;Wik mzp MFk;.
tpsf;fk;:
jPapdhy; cz;lhd g[z; cs; MwptpLk;.
ehtpdhy; cz;lhd g[z; cs;sj;jpy; Mwhj tLthf ,Uf;Fk;.
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3. `md;g[k; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;thH;f;if

gz]g[k; gaDk; mJ~ ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUk; mzpia tpsf;Ff.
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUk; mzp epuy;epiw mzpahFk;.
epuy; ? tupir" epiw ? epWj;jy;" epuy;epiw ? tupirahf epWj;jy;
mzp ,yf;fzk; :
xU bra;a[spy; Kjypy; brhy;iya[k; bghUisa[k; tupirahf epWj;jp/ mt;tupirg;gona
bghUs;bfhs;Sk; Kiwna epuy;epiw mzpahFk;.
bghUs; :
,y;thH;f;ifapy; ehk; md;g[k; mwDk; bfhz]L xGfpdhy;/ mJnt ekf;F thH;f;ifapd;
gz]gpida[k; gaida[k; KGikahfj; jUk;.
mzpg;bghUj;jk; :
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; md;g[/ mwd; vd;w brhw;fis Kjypy; xU tupirapy; epWj;jpa jpUts;Stu;
mtw;nwhL bjhlu;g[ila gz]g[/ gad; vd;gtw;iw Kiwna mLj;j tupirapy; ,izj;J
bghUs; bfhs;SkhW miktJ èpuy;epiw mzpahFk;~.
4. fPH;f;fhQk; Fwspy; Vfnjr cUtf mzp vt;thW gapd;W tUfpwJ vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
rpdk;vd;Dk; nru;e;jhiuf; bfhy;yp ,dk;vd;Dk;
Vkg; g[iziar; RLk;.
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; Vfnjr cUtf mzp gapd;W tUfpd;wJ.
Vfk; ? xd;W" njrk; ? gFjp" Vfnjrk; ? xU gFjp
mzp ,yf;fzk;:
ftp+u; bra;a[spy; ,UbghUs;fisf; Twp mjpy; xd;iw kl;Lk; cUtfg;gLj;jp mjw;F
Vw;g ,izahdbjhU bghUis cUtfk; bra;ahJ tpl;LtpLtJ Vfnjr cUtf mzpahFk;.
tpsf;fk; :
rpdk; jd;idf; bfhz]ltid kl;Lky;yhky; mtidr; nru;e;j Rw;wj;jhiua[k; nru;j;J
mHpe;JtpLk;.
mzpg;bghUj;jk; :
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; ,dk; vd;gijj; bjg;gkhf cUtfg;gLj;jpa[s;s ts;Stu; rpdj;ij
cUtfg;gLj;jhky; tpl;Ls;shu;. vdnt/ ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; Vfnjr cUtf mzp gapd;W
te;Js;sJ.
5. mfyhJ mQfhJ jPf;fha;thu; nghy;f

,fy;nte;ju;r; nru;e;J xGFthu; ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUk; mzpia tpsf;Ff.
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUk; mzp bjhHpy; ctik mzp MFk;.
mzp tpsf;fk; :
xU bghUspd; bjhHpy; my;yJ bray; fhuzkhf mika[k; ctik bjhHpy; ctik mzp
vdg;gLk;.
ctik : jPapy; Fspu; fha;gtu; nghy.
ctnkak; : muridr; rhu;e;jpUg;gtu; tpyfhkYk; beU=;fhkYk; ele;Jbfhs;s ntz]Lk;.
cUg[ : nghy
www.nammakalvi.com
40 SURYA jkpH;
mzpg;bghUj;jk;:
muridr; rhu;e;J ,Ug;gtu; Fspu;fha;gtu;fisg; nghy jPapypUe;J mfyhJ mQfhJ
,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; mfYjy;/ mQFjy; nghd;w bjhHpy; xg;g[ik vjpu;kiwapy;
te;Js;sjhy; bjhHpy; ctik vdg;gLk;.
6.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazpia tpsf;fpf; fPH;f;fhQk; FwSf;F ,t;tzpiag; bghUj;jp
vGJf.
J+;rpdhu; brj;jhupd; ntWmy;yu; v+;+hd;Wk;
e+;Rcz]ghu; fs;cz] gtu;.
mzptpsf;fk; :
ctik xU thf;fpakhft[k; ctnkak; xU thf;fpakhft[k; ctk cUg[ kiwe;J tUtjhy;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp vdg;gLk;.
ctik : J+;rpdhu; brj;jhupd; ntW
ctnkak; : e+;Rcz]ghu; fs;cz] gtu;
cUg[ : kiwe;Js;sJ. (nghy)
bghUj;jk;:
cw=;fpatu;/ ,we;jtiutpl ntWgl;ltu; my;yu;. mJnghy fs; cz;gtUk; e+;R
cz;gtUf;Fr; rknk vd;gij tpsf;Ftjhy; ,g;ghly; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp MFk;.
7. brhw;bghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

mzp tpsf;fk; :
bra;a[spy; Kd;du; te;jr; brhy; mnjg; bghUspy; gpd;du; gyKiw tUtJ brhw;bghUs;
gpd;tU epiyazpahFk;.
rhd;W :
vg;bghUs; ahu;ahu;tha;f; nfl;gpDk; mg;bghUs;
bka;bghUs; fhz;gJ mwpt[.
tpsf;fk; :
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; bghUs; vd;w brhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J xnu bghUisj; jUtjhy;
brhw;bghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp MFk;. ve;j xU bghUs; gw;wp vtu; TwpdhYk; mjid
mg;gona Vw;Wf; bfhs;shky;/ me;jg; bghUspy; cs;s cz;ikia Muha;e;J vLj;Jf;
bfhs;tnj mwpt[ilik MFk;.
8. vz;zpa vz;zpah=;F va;Jg vz;zpahw;

jpz;zpau; Mfg; bgwpd;. ? ,g;ghlypy; gapd;W tUk; mzpia tpsf;Ff.
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
mzp tpsf;fk; :
bra;a[spy; Kd;du; te;j brhy; mnj bghUspy; gpd;du; gyKiw tUtJ brhw;bghUs;
gpd;tU epiyazp MFk;.
tpsf;fk; :
,g;ghlypy; `vz;zpa~ vd;wr; brhy; èpidg;gJ~ vd;w bghUspy; gyKiwapy; te;Js;sJ.
vz;zpatu; kdt[Wjpa[ilatuhf ,Ue;jhy; vz;zpaij vz;zpathnw miltu; vd;W
MFk;.
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9. ctikazpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

mzp ,yf;fzk; :
ctik xU thf;fpakhft[k;/ ctnkak; xU thf;fpakhft[k; cUk cUg[ btspg;gilahft[k;
te;jhy; ctikazp MFk;.
rhd;W :
clk;ghL ,yhjtu; thH;f;if Fl=;fUs;
ghk;nghL cld;ciwe; jw;W.
ctik : clk;ghL ,yhjtu; thH;f;if
ctnkak; : Fl=;fSs; ghk;nghL
cUg[ : mw;W (btspg;gil)
bghUj;jk; :
cs;sj;jpy; cld;ghL ,y;yhjtUld; To thGk; thH;f;if xU Foirapy; ghk;g[ld;
thH;tJ nghd;wjhFk;.
*****
jpiz tpsf;fk;
1. thifj; jpiz rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
jpiz tpsf;fk;:
btw;wpbgw;w murDk; mtdJ tPuu;fSk; btw;wpapd; milahskhf thifg; g{itr; No
btw;wpiaf; bfhz;lhLtJ thifj; jpizahFk;.
rhd;W:
`ìtafk; gzpg;g tyndu;g[ tis,g;
bgha;ah thdk; g[Jg;bgay; bghHpe;bjd... ~~ beLey;thilg; ghly;.
bghUj;jk;:
thilf; fhyj;jpy; nkfk; kiyia tyg;gf;fkhfr; NH;e;J g{kp FspUk;go kiHg;
bga;jJ. thilf;fhw;wpd; Fspu;r;rp kpFjpahYk; clYf;Fr; Nnlw;w gyUld; nru;e;J bfhs;sp
beUg;gpdhy; iffSf;Fr; Nnlw;wpdu;. mtu;fnshL kd;dDk; ghriwapy; Fspu;fhyj;jpy;
btw;wpiaf; bfhz;lhodhd;.
2. thapnyhna vdj; bjhl=;Fk; xsitahupd; g[wehD}w;Wg; ghly; ghlhz] jpizf;F cupaJ

vd;gij epWt[f.
jpiz tpsf;fk;:
ghL + Mz; + jpiz = ghlhz; jpiz
ghlhz] jpiz vd;gJ ghlg;gLk; Mz] kfdpd; g[fH;/ typik/ bfhil/ mUs;/ fy;tp/
xGf;fk; nghd;w ey;ypay;g[fisr; rpwg;gpj;Jf; TWtjhFk;.
rhd;W tpsf;fk;:
thapnyhna vdj; bjhl=;Fk; xsitahupd; g[wehD}w;Wg; ghlypy;/ `guprpyu;f;F milah
thapnyhna-~ vd;w tup ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
www.nammakalvi.com
42 SURYA jkpH;
mjhtJ jd;id eho tUk; guprpyu;f;F thapiy milf;fhj muz]kid mjpakhd;
beLkhd; m+;rpapd; muz]kid.
guprpyu; tUk;nghJ thapiy milf;fhj Fzk; cilatd; vd;wjhy; mjpakhd;beLkhd;
m+;rpapd; bfhilj;jd;ik g[ydhfpwJ.
bghUj;jk;:
jd;id eho tUnthu;f;F ,y;iy vd;W brhy;yhJ jdJ muz]kid thapiy
thapw;fhtyidf; bfhz]L milf;fhky; guprpyu;f;F cupa guprpidg; bgw vg;nghJk;
jpwe;jpLk; thapiy cilaJ mjpakhd; beLkhd; m+;rpapd; muz]kid vd;W
TwpajpypUe;J mjpakhd; beLkhd; m+;rpapd; bfhilj;jd;ik btspg;gLtjhy; ,g;ghly;
ghlhz]jpizf;F cupaJ vd;gij mwpayhk;.
3. mfehD}w;Wg; ghlypy; tUk; bea;jy; jpizapd; Kjw;bghUs;/ fUg;bghUs;/ cupg;bghUs;

tpsf;Ff.
jpiz ? bea;jy;
bgUk;bghGJ : MW bgUk;bghGJfSk;" rpWbghGJ : vw;ghL
Kjw;bghUs; : flYk; fly; rhu;e;j ,lKk;
fUg;bghUs;:
bja;tk; ? tUzd;
kf;fs; ? gujd;/ guj;jpau;
czt[ ? kPd;/ cg;g[f;Fg; bgw;wbghUs;
tpy=;F ? Kjiy/ Rwh
g{ ? bea;jy;/ jhiH
kuk; ? g[d;id
gwit ? flw;fhfk;
Cu; ? gl;odk;/ ghf;fk;
giw ? kPd; nfhl;giw
ahH; ? tpsupahH;
gz; ? brt;tHpg;gz;
bjhHpy; ? kPd; gpoj;jy;/ cg;g[ tpisj;jy;
cupg;bghUs; : ,u=;fYk; ,u=;fy; epkpj;jKk;
rhd;W: `bgU=;fly; ntl;lj;Jr; rpWFog; gujtu;~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;.
4. ghlhz; jpizia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

jpiz tpsf;fk;:
xUtUila g[fH;/ typik/ bfhil/ mUs; nghd;w ey;ypay;g[fisr; rpwg;gpj;Jf; TWtJ
ghlhz; jpizahFk;.
rhd;W:
fha;bey; mWj;Jf; ftdk; bfhspnd"
kdepiwt[ ,y;yJk;/ gy;ehl;F MFk;.~~ ? g[wehD}w;Wg; ghly;.
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bghUj;jk;:
rpwpa epyj;jpy; tpise;j bey;iy mWj;J czthf;fpf; ftskhff; bfhLj;jhy; ahidf;Fg;
gy ehl;fs; czthFk;. mwpt[ila murd; tup jpul;Lk; Kiw mwpe;J kf;fsplk; tupjpul;odhy;
ehL nfhof;fzf;fpy; bry;tj;ijg; bgw;Wr; brHpg;gila[k;.
bgupa taypy; ahid g[Fe;J cz;Qkhapd; thapy; g[Fe;j bey;iytplf; fhypy; kpjpg;gl;l
bey;jhd; mst[ mjpfkhFk;. mwptpy;yh murd; Kiw bjupahky; tup jpul;Lthdhapd; ehL
tpiutpy; bfl;blhHpa[k;/ ahid g[Fe;j epyk; nghy MfptpLk;. murd; jhDk; gad;glkhl;lhd;
ehl;L kf;fSk; Jd;g[Wtu;.
*****
Jiw tpsf;fk;
1. `Tjpu;g;ghriw~ Jiwiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
Jiw tpsf;fk;:
Tjpu;g;ghriw vd;gJ nghu;nkw;bfhz;l murd; Fspu;fhyj;jpy; jh=;Fk; giltPlhFk;.
rhd;W:
`ìtafk; gzpg;g tyndu;g[ tis,g;
bgha;ah thdk; g[Jg;bgay; bghHpe;bjd...~~ ? beLey;thilg; ghly;.
bghUj;jk;:
thilf; fhyj;jpy; nkfk; kiyia tyg;gf;fkhfr; NH;e;J g{kp FspUk;go kiHg;
bga;jJ. thilf;fhw;wpd; Fspu;r;rp kpFjpahYk; clYf;Fr; Nnlw;w gyUld; nru;e;J bfhs;sp
beUg;gpdhy; iffSf;Fr; Nnlw;wpdu;. mtu;fnshL nghu;nkw; brd;w murd; Fspu;fhyj;jpy;
j=;Fk; giltPL Tjpu;g;ghriw.
2. guprpy; Jiw rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

Jiw tpsf;fk;:
gupR ntz;o thapypy; epw;gJ guprpy; JiwahFk;.
rhd;W:
thap nyhna- thap nyhna-
ts;spnahu; brtpKjy; ta=;FbkhHp tj;jpj; jhk; ..... ? g[wehD}w;Wg; ghly;.
bghUj;jk;:
jd;id eho tUnthu;f;F ,y;iy vd;W brhy;yhJ jdJ muz]kid thapiy
thapw;fhtyidf; bfhz]L milf;fhky; guprpyu;f;F cupa guprpidg; bgw vg;nghJk;
jpwe;jpLk; thapiy cilaJ mjpakhd; beLkhd; m+;rpapd; muz]kid vd;W TwpajpypUe;J
mjpakhd; beLkhd; m+;rpapd; bfhilj;jd;ikia nehf;fp guprpyu; muz;kidapd; thapypy;
epw;gJ guprpy; JiwahFk;.
3. brtpawpt[W}c Jiwiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

Jiwtpsf;fk;:
murd; bra;a ntz;oa flikfis Kiw jtwhky; bra;a[khW mtd; nfl;FkhW
mwpt[Wj;jy; brtpawpt[W}c JiwahFk;.
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44 SURYA jkpH;
rhd;W:
fha;bey; mWj;Jf; ftdk; bfhspnd"
khepiwt[ ,y;yJk;/ gy;ehl;F MFk;.~~ ? g[wehD}w;Wg; ghly;.
bghUj;jk;:
rpwpa epyj;jpy; tpise;j bey;iy mWj;J czthf;fpf; ftskhff; bfhLj;jhy; ahidf;Fg;
gy ehl;fs; czthFk;. mwpt[ila murd; tup jpul;Lk; Kiw mwpe;J kf;fsplk; tupjpul;odhy;
ehL nfhof;fzf;fpy; bry;tj;ijg; bgw;Wr; brHpg;gila[k;.
bgupa taypy; ahid g[Fe;J cz;Qkhapd; thapy; g[Fe;j bey;iytplf; fhypy; kpjpg;gl;l
bey;jhd; mst[ mjpfkhFk;. mwptpy;yh murd; Kiw bjupahky; tup jpul;Lthdhapd; ehL
tpiutpy; bfl;blhHpa[k;/ ahid g[Fe;j epyk; nghy MfptpLk;. murd; jhDk; gad;glkhl;lhd;
ehl;L kf;fSk; Jd;g[Wtu;.
*****
,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;ly;

1. Kr;r=;f=; Tl;o
KJg[ytu; jikf; Tl;o
mr;r=;fj; Js;ns
msg;gupa bghUs;Tl;o
brhw;r=;f khfr;
RitkpFe;j ftpTl;o
mw;g[j=;f bsy;yhk;
mikj;j bgUkhl;o- ? fz]zjhrd;
jpuz]l fUj;J :
Kr;r=;;fk; mikj;J/ KJbgUk; g[ytu;fisf; Tl;o/ msg;gupa brhw;bghUshy; RitkpF
ftpij ,aw;wp/ mw;g[jk; bra;j jkpH; @jhl;ona- vdg; ghoa fz;zjhrdpd; ghlypy;
fhzg;gLk; ea=;fs;.
bjhilaw;w ghf;fs;" eilaw;Wg; nghFk;.
bjhil
nkhid/ vJif/ ,iag[/ Kuz;/ msbgil.
KjbyGj;J xd;wp tUtJ nkhidahFk;.

nkhid
fhl;Lf;F ahid" ghl;Lf;F nkhid
Kr;r=;f=; mr;r=;fj; brhw;r=;f mw;g[j=;f
rhd;W
KJg[ytu; msg;gupa RitkpFe;j mikj;j
,uz]lhk; vGj;J xd;wp tUtJ vJifahFk;.

vJif
kJiuf;F itif" bra;a[Sf;F vJif
Kr;r=;f=; brhw;r=;f
rhd;W
mr;r=;fj; mw;g[j=;f
,iag[ filrp vGj;njh Xirnah xd;wp tUtJ ,iag[ MFk;.

rhd;W bgUkhl;o ftpTl;o bghUs;Tl;o jikf;Tl;o
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mzpaw;w ghf;fs;" gpzpa[s;s tzpij

mzp jkpH; bkhHpf;F bgUik nru;f;Fk; tifapy; ,g;ghlypy; cau;t[ etpw;rp
mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
re;jk; jkpGf;Fr; brhe;jk;

re;jk;
,dpa XirfnshLk; ahg;g[ fl;LfnshLk; ghLtJ.
eh czUk; Rit MW" kdk; czUk; Rit vl;L

Rit
bgUkpjr; Rit gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
Kot[iu:
fw;whUf;Fk;/ fy;yhUf;Fk; Vw;w tifapy; vJif/ nkhid/ ,iag[ ,iae;njhl/ fw;gid
fhl;rpaspf;f/ re;jk; jhskpl/ Rit cz;lhfp/ eh Vf;fKw/ mzpnahL mHFbgWk; tifapy;
,f;ftpij mike;Js;sJ.
2. btl;o aof;FJ kpd;dy; ? fly;

tPuj; jpiubfhz]L tpz]iz apof;FJ "
bfhl;o apof;FJ nkfk; ? T
Tbtd;W tpz]izf; Fila[J fhw;W
rl;lr;rl rl;lr;rl ll;lh ? vd;W
jhs=;fs; bfhl;of; fidf;FJ thdk;
vl;Lj;jpira[k; ,oa ? kiH
v=;=dk; te;jjlh jk;gp tPuh- ? ghujpahu;
jpuz]l fUj;J :
kpd;dy;;fs; kpd;dp nkhJfpd;wd. fly; jd; Muthu miyfshy; tpz;izj; jhf;Ffpd;wd.
nkff;Tl;l=;fs; kiH bga;jgo/ ,oKHf;fk; bra;fpd;wd. TT vd;W fhw;wpd; Xir
tpz;btspia CLUtpr; bry;fpd;wd. thdk; rl;lr;rl rl;lr;rl vd jhsk; bfhl;o
KH=;Ffpd;wJ. vl;Ljpira[k; ,oe;J tpGk;goahf kiH vg;gojhd; te;jJ jk;gp.
bjhil

nkhid
btl;oaof;FJ vl;Lj;jpira[k;
rhd;W
tPuj; v=;=dk;

vJif
rhd;W btl;oaof;FJ bjhl;o rl;lr;rl vl;Lj;jpira[k;

rhd;W apof;FJ Fila[J fidf;FJ
www.nammakalvi.com
46 SURYA jkpH;
mzp mzpaw;w ghf;fs;" gpzpa[s;s tzpij

kiHapd; rpwg;ig czu;j;Jtjhy; ,g;ghlypy; ,ay;g[ etpw;rp mzp gapd;W
rhd;W
te;Js;sJ.
re;jk; re;jk; jkpGf;Fr; brhe;jk;

rhd;W ,dpa XirfnshLk; ahg;g[ fl;LfnshLk; ghLtJ.

Rit
Kot[iu :
3. bgw;bwLj;j jkpH;j;jhiag; gpd;dhy; js;sp

gpwbkhHpf;F rpwg;gspj;j gpiHia ePf;f
Cw;bwLj;nj md;g[iuahy; cY=;f itj;jpt;
cyfj;jpy; jkpH;bkhHpf;F epfUk; cz;nlh>
fw;Wzu;e;nj mjd; ,dpik fhz;gha; vd;W
fk;gbdhL ts;Stidr; Rl;of; fhl;oj;
bjw;bwdek; mff;fz;izj; jpwe;J tpl;l
bja;tf;ftp ghujpXu; Mrhd; jpz;zk;. ? ehkf;fy; ftp+u;
jpuz;l fUj;J:
jha;bkhHpahfpa jkpiHg; gpd;Df;Fj; js;sp gpwbkhHpf;F ehk; bra;a[k; rpwg;ig ePf;Fnthk;.
jkpH; bkhHpf;F epfu; cyfpy; vk;bkhHpa[k; ,y;iy. bkhHpiaf; fw;W fk;gd;/ ts;Std;
nghd;nwhu; Rl;o fhl;oa ek; mff;fz;izj; jpwe;j ghujp Xu; Mrhd; vd;gJ cWjp.
bjhil

nkhid
bgw;bwLj;j fw;Wzu;e;j bjw;bwd
rhd;W
gpwbkhHp fk;gndhL bja;tf;ftp

vJif
bgw;bwLj;j fw;Wzu;
rhd;W
cw;bwLj;j bjw;bwd;

rhd;W cz;nlh tpl;l
www.nammakalvi.com

mzp fk;gd;/ ghujp/ ts;Std; g[fGk;/ jkpHpd; g[fGk; ghLtjhy; ,g;ghlypy;
cau;t[ etpw;rp mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.

re;jk;

Rit
Kot[iu :
4. gpwg;gpdhy; vtu;f;Fk; ? cyfpy;

bgUik thuhjg;gh-
rpwg;g[ ntz;Lbkdpy; ? ey;y
bra;if ntz;Lkg;gh-
ed;ik bra;gtnu ? cyfk;
ehLk; nkw;Fyj;jhu;-
jpd;ik bra;gtnu ? mz;oj;
jPz;l xz;zhjhu;- ? ftpkzp njrpf tpehafk;
jiyg;g[ : jPz;lhikia tpul;Lnthk;.
Mrpupau; Fwpg;g[ :
bgau; : ftpkzp njrpf tpehafk;
bgw;nwhu; : rptjhQ ? Mjpyl;Rkp
gpwg;g[ : 1976 ? 1954
Cu; : fd;dpahFkup ? njqu;
E}y;fs; : Mrpa n$hjp/ kyUk; khiya[k;
jpuz;l fUj;J:
kdpjDf;F gpwg;ghy; g[fH; tuhJ. rpwg;ghd g[fH; tuntz;Lbkdpy; ey;y bray;fs;
bra;a ntz;Lk;. ey;y bray;fs; bra;gtiu cyfk; ehLk;. jPik bra;gtiu xUtUk;
jPz;lkhl;lhu;.
bjhil

nkhid
rhd;W ed;ik ehLk; jpd;ik jPz;l
www.nammakalvi.com
48 SURYA jkpH;

vJif
rhd;W gpwg;gpdhy; rpwg;g[ jpd;ik jPz;l

rhd;W thuhjg;gh ntz;Lkg;gh nkw;Fyj;jhu; xz;zhjhu;
Fsj;Jf;F jhkiu mHF

fz;Qf;F ik mHF
mzp bra;a[Sf;F mzp mHF
gpwg;gpdhy; cau;t[ jhH;t[ fUjf;TlhJ vd;gij ftp+u; ,ay;ghff;
Twpa[s;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy; ,ay;g[ etpw;rp mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.

re;jk;

Rit
Kot[iu:
5. me;jpapUshw; fUFk; cyfk; fz]nld;

mt;thnw thd; fz]nld;/ jpirfs; fz]nld;
gpe;jpae;jf; fhupUs;jhd; rpupj;j Jz]nlh >
bgU+;rpupg;gpd; xspKj;njh epynt ePjhd;
rpe;jhky; rpjwhky; mHif bay;yhk;
nrfupj;Jf; Fspnuw;wp xspa[k; Cl;o
,e;jhbtd; nw,aw;if md;id thdpy;
vHpy;thH;itr; rpj;jupj;j tz]ze; jhndh > ? ghujpjhrd;
jiyg;g[ : btz]zpyt[.
Mrpupau; Fwpg;g[ :
bgau; : ghuhjpjhrd; (fdfRg;g[uj;jpdk;)
bgw;nwhu; : fdfrig ? ,yf;Fkp
gpwg;g[ : 29?4?1891
rpwg;g[ : g[ul;rpf;ftp
E}y;fs; : FLk;gtpsf;F/ ,Uz]l tPL/ ghz]oad; gupR/ nrujhz]ltk;/ mHfpd;
rpupg;g[... ,d;Dk; gy.
jpuz;lf; fUj;J:
khiy ,Uspdhy; fUikahFk; cyfpidf; fz]nld;. mJnghy thdKk; ,Ushtijf;
fz]nld;. jpirfs; vl;Lk; ,Uspy; kiwtijf; fz]nld;. gpd;du; fUikahd ,Us;
www.nammakalvi.com
rpupg;gjpy;iy. bgU+;rpupg;g[ xspapd; Kj;Jf;fshfpa KG epynt ePjhd; mHbfy;yhk; xd;W

nru;j;Jf; fhl;rp jUfpwha;. cyfpw;Ff; Fspu; Vw;wp/ xspa[k; Cl;Lfpwha;. ,aw;ifahfpa md;id
jdJ vHpy;thH;itr; rpj;jupf;Fk; mHnfh eP epynt ? vd;fpwhu; ghujpjhrd;.
bjhil

nkhid
rhd;W me;jpapUshy; mt;thnw gpe;jpae;j bgU+;rpupg;gpd;

vJif
rhd;W me;jpapUshy; gpe;jpae;j rpe;jhky; rpe;jhbtd;W
Fsj;Jf;F jhkiu mHF

fz;Qf;F ik mHF
bra;a[Sf;F mzp mHF
mzp
,aw;if md;idj; jdJ vHpy; thH;itf; fhl;lnt epythfr; rpj;jupj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpwhs; vd;Dk; mofspy; ,aw;ifia cau;thfg; ghoapUg;gjhy;
cau;t[ etpw;rp mzp ,lk;bgw;Ws;sJ.

re;jk;

Rit
Kot[iu:
6. g{kpr;rUfhk; ghiyia
Kj;Jg{j;j fly;fshf;Fntd;
g[aiyf; TWgLj;jpna ? nfhog;
g[jpa bjd;wyhf;Fntd;
,utpy; tpz;kPd; fhrpid ? brYj;jp
,utynuhL ngRntd;-
,ubtupf;Fk; gupjpia ? ViH
tpwbfupf;f tPRntd; ? eh. fhkuhrd;
Mrpupau; Fwpg;g[ :
bgau; : eh. fhkuhrd;.
gpwg;g[ : 1942 ? njdp khtl;lk;/ ngh. kPdhl;rpg[uk;.
,wg;g[ : nk 24. 2017/ brd;id.
www.nammakalvi.com
50 SURYA jkpH;
gzp : ftp+u;/ ghlyhrpupau;.
rpwg;g[ : g[Jf;ftpij cyFf;F xU g[Jg;ghij mikj;jtu;/ nguhrpupau;/
bkhHpbgau;g;g[j; Jiw.
jpuz;lf; fUj;J :
ghiytdk; nghy; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; g{kpia Kj;J g{j;j fly; nghy; Mf;Fntd;. g[aiyf;
TWgLj;jp bjd;wy; Mf;Fntd;. ,utpy; tpz;kPidg; gad;gLj;jp ,y;yhjtnuhL ngRntd;.
Rl;blupf;Fk; Nupaid tPl;Lf;F tpwbfupf;fg; gad;gLj;Jntd;.
bjhil

nkhid
g{kpr;rUfhk; g[aiy g[jpa
rhd;W
,utpy; ,utynuhL ,ubtupf;Fk;

vJif
rhd;W ,utpy; ,utynuhL ,ubtupf;Fk;
,Wjp vGj;njh Xirnah xd;wp tUtJ ,iag[.

,iag[
fly;fshf;Fntd; bjd;wyhf;Fntd;
rhd;W
ngRntd; tPRntd;
Fsj;Jf;F jhkiu mHF

fz;Qf;F ik mHF
mzp bra;a[Sf;F mzp mHF
mzp vd;gjd; bghUs; mHF MFk;. ,g;ghlypy; ,ay;g[ etpw;rp mzp
mike;Js;sJ.

re;jk;
Kot[iu:
7. thdu=;fs; fdpbfhLj;J ke;jpbahL bfh+;Rk;

ke;jprpe;J fdpfSf;F thd;ftpfs; bf+;Rk;
fhdtu;fs; tpHpbawpe;J thdtiu aiHg;ghu;
fkdrpj;ju; te;Jte;J fharpj;jp tpisg;ghu;.
njdUtpj; jpiubaGk;gp thdpd;tHp bahGFk;
br=;fjpnuhd; gupf;fhYe; nju;f;fhYk; tGFk;.
www.nammakalvi.com
Tdypsk; gpiwKoj;j ntzpay=; fhuu;

Fw;whyj; jpupTl kiyba=;fs; kiyna. ? jpupTl uhrg;gf; ftpuhau;
jpuz;lf; fUj;J :
Mz;Fu=;Ffs; gytifahd gH=;fisg; gwpj;J bgz; Fu=;FfSf;Ff; bfhLf;fpd;wd.
mtw;Ws; rpy gH=;fisg; bgz; Fu=;Ffs; rpjWfpd;wd. me;jg; gH=;fis njtu;fs; ,ue;J
nfl;fpd;wdu;. ntlu;fs; njtu;fisf; fz;fshy; ghu;j;J miHf;fpd;wdu;. thdj;jpy; rpj;ju;fs;
@ypiffis tsu;f;fpd;wdu;. kiyapYs;s mUtpapd; miyfs; vGe;J thdj;jpy; tHpe;J
XLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; R{upadpd; Fjpiua[k; nju;r;rf;fuKk; tGf;fp tpGfpd;wd. ,j;jifa
rpwg;g[fs; cilaJ vd;W Fwj;jp jd; kiyia tpsf;Ffpwhs;.
bjhil

nkhid
rhd;W fhdtu;fs; fkd rpj;ju; Tdypsk; Fw;whyk;

vJif
rhd;W thdu=;fs; fhdtu;fs; njdUtpj; Tdypsk;
filrp vGj;njh Xirnah xd;wp tUtJ ,iag[ MFk;.

,iag[
bfh+;Rk; bahGFk; tGFk;;

mzp bghUis kpft[k; cau;j;jpf; TWtjhy; ,g;ghlypy; cau;t[ etpw;rp mzp
gapd;W te;Js;sJ.

re;jk;

Rit
Kot[iu:
*****
www.nammakalvi.com
52 SURYA jkpH;
gHbkhHpfis tpsf;Fjy;
gpd;tUk; gHbkhHpfis thH;f;if epfH;nthL bghUj;jp vGJf.
1. ahidf;Fk; morWf;Fk;
gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
btw;wpa[k; njhy;tpa[k; epue;juky;y. VjhtJ xd;W xU neuj;jpy; elf;ff;TLk; vd;gij
tpsf;FtJ ,g;gHbkhHp.
thH;f;if epfH;t[:
khwd; v=;fs; gs;spapy; gog;gtd;. mtd; gog;g[ kl;Lky;yhky; midj;jpYk; mtd;jhd;
Kjyplk; bgWthd;. mJkl;Lky;yhky; mtd; je;ija[k; ey;y gzpapy; cs;stu;. mjdhy;
mtd; ahiua[k; kjpf;f khl;lhd;. vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhf nju;t[ neuj;jpy; cly;epiy rupapy;yhky;
nghdjhy; kjpg;bgz; Fiwe;jJ. ,jdhy; kdk; cile;jhd;.
ePjp:
jpwika[k;/ brhe;j ge;jKk; ,Ue;jhYk; Vnjh xU neuj;jpy; njhy;tp mila neupLk;.
,Jnt àhidf;Fk; morWf;Fk;~ vd;fpwJ ,g;gHbkhHp MFk;.
2. jpid tpijj;jtd; jpid mWg;ghd;/ tpid tpijj;jtd; tpid mWg;ghd;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
ehk; gpwu;f;Fk; bra;a[k; bray;fns ekf;Fk; ew;bray;fs; elf;Fk;. ey;yJ bra;jhy; ey;yJ"
jPad bra;jhy; jPad neUk;.
thH;f;if epfH;t[:
Rfe;jpa[k;/ RFzht[k; beU=;fpa njhHpfs;. ,UtUk; xnu tFg;igr; nru;e;jtu;. Rfe;jpa[k;
ed;whfg; gog;gts;. gog;nghL kl;Lky;yhky; midtUf;Fk; cjtpfs; gy bra;ths;.
RFzht[k; gog;ghs;. jPa vz;z=;fs; bfhz;lts;. vtiuf; fz;lhYk; bghwhikf; bfhs;ths;.
,UtUk; gog;g[ Koj;J ntiy njLfpd;wnghJ Kjypy; Rfe;jpf;F ntiy fpilj;jJ. fhuzk;
,ts; cjtp bra;jtupd; je;ij mjpfhupahf ,Ue;jjhy;/ Rfe;jpiag; gw;wp vLj;Jr; brhy;yp
ntiyia th=;fpj; je;jhu;.
ePjp:
vz;zk;nghy; thHyhk; vd;gJ jhd; ,g;gHbkhHpapd; ePjpahFk;.
3. Fw;wk; ghu;f;fpd; Rw;wk; ,y;iy

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
ehk; ahiua[k; ey;ytu;/ bfl;ltu; vd;W Kot[ bra;af;TlhJ. gpwupd; Fw;w=;fis jk;
Fw;wk;nghy; epidf;f ntz;Lk;. Fw;wk; ghu;j;jhy; cwt[ ,y;yhky; ngha;tpLk;.
thH;f;if epfH;t[:
Rjht[k;/ khyht[k; ,UtUk; njhHpfs;. khyh vija[k; rpe;jpf;fhky; kw;wtu;fs; kdJ
g[z;gLkhW ngRths;. Rjht[k; vt;tsnth vLj;Jr; brhy;ths;. khyh nfl;fkhl;lhs;. xUehs;
vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhf Rjhitna ngrptpl;lhs;. kdk; behe;j Rjh khyhit tpl;L gpupe;J tpl;lhs;.
www.nammakalvi.com
ePjp:
ehk; xUtupd; Fiwfis kl;Lk; ghu;f;ff; TlhJ. ey;y Fz=;fisa[k; ghu;f;f ntz;Lk;
vd;gij czu;j;JfpwJ ,g;gHbkhHp.
4. vWk;g[ Cuf; fy;Yk; nja[k;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
Kaw;rp cilatu;fs; Kaw;rpia iftplhJ jd; nehf;fpy; cWjpaha; ,Ue;jhy; btw;wp
,yf;if epr;rak; milthu;fs; vd;w bghUis czu;j;JfpwJ ,g;gHbkhHp.
thH;f;if epfH;t[:
v=;fs; tFg;gpy; tpf;nd&; vd;w khztd; gs;spf;F rupahf tUtJk; ,y;iy. mg;go
vd;whtJ xUehs; te;jhYk; rupahfg; gog;gJ ,y;iy. Mrpupau; mof;fo brhy;yp mtd;
nfl;gJk; ,y;iy. nju;t[ beU=;fpa neuj;jpy; Mrpupau; khztd; tPl;ow;Fr; brd;W jpdKk;
miHj;J te;J gof;f itj;jhu;. mtUila tplhKaw;rpahy; tpf;nd&; nju;tpy; ey;y
kjpg;bgz; bgw;whd;.
ePjp:
ehk; ve;jbthU braiya[k; tplhKaw;rpnahL bra;jhy; vWk;g[ Cu;e;J fy; nja;tJ nghy;
ehk; btw;wp mila Koa[k;.
5. CHp bgaupDk; jhk; bgauhu;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
xUtu; ve;jr;NHypYk; bgha;nah/ fsnth bra;akhl;lhu;. vt;tst[ rPw;wk; te;jhYk; fly;
jd;epiy khwhJ vd;gJ gHbkhHp.
thH;f;if epfH;t[:
tWikahd FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;j ed;F gof;Fk; khztd; jdpahu; gs;spapy; gof;fpwhd;.
mtd; gs;spf; fl;lzk; ruptu fl;lKoatpy;iy. mof;fo Mrpupau; mtidf; nfl;ghu;.
mtd; mnjh ,njh vd;W ehl;fs; flj;jpdhd;. Mdhy; mtd; gs;spapy; Kjyhtjhf nju;r;rp
bgWk; khztd;. xUehs; gs;spia tpl;L tPl;Lf;Fr; bry;Yk; nghJ xU gzg;igiaf;
fz;blLj;jhd;. mjpy; epiwa gzk; ,Ue;jJ. mij vLj;Jf;bfhz;L ngha; gs;spf;fl;lzk;
brYj;jpapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mtd; mt;thW bra;atpy;iy. fhty;epiyak; brd;W
gzg;igia xg;gilj;J tpl;lhd;. mtid fhty; epiya mjpfhupfs; ghuhl;odhu;fs;.
ePjp:
tWikj; jk;ik tpul;odhYk; jd; gz;g[fspy; ,Ue;J khwf;TlhJ vd;gJ ,g;gHbkhHpapd;
ePjp MFk;.
6. Mlj; bjupahjtd; bjUf; nfhzy; vd;ghd;.

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
xU braiy rupahfr; bra;a ,ayhjtd; TWk; Tw;whf miktJ ,J. ve;j xU fiyiaa[k;
Kiwahd gapw;rp ,y;yhky; fw;f KoahJ. mJnghy kfpGe;ijr; rhiyapy; Xl;lg; gapw;rp
,y;yhjtd; ,e;jr; rhiy rupapy;iy vd;W Twpj; jg;gpf;fg; ghu;g;ghd;.
www.nammakalvi.com
54 SURYA jkpH;
thH;f;if epfH;t[k; bghUj;jKk; :
,e;jpah ? ghfp!;jhd; mzpfSf;F ,ilapyhd kl;il ge;jhl;l nghl;oapy; ,e;jpa
mzpapd; ge;J tPr;irr; rkhspf;f Koahky; Fiwe;j Xl;l=;fspy; Ml;lkpHe;jJ ghfp!;jhd;
mzp. ,J Fwpj;Jr; bra;jpahsu;fsplk; ngrpa mt;tzpapd; jiytu;/ `nkhrkhd MLfsnk
Fiwe;j Xl;l=;fspy; Ml;lkpHf;f f; fhuzk;~~ vd;W Twpdhu;.
,e;epfH;t[ `Mlj;bjupahjtd; bjUf;nfhzy; vd;ghd;~ vd;w gHbkhHpf;Fg; bghUe;Jtjhf
mikfpwJ.
7. ViHr; brhy; mk;gyk; VwhJ

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
bry;thf;F cs;stu;fs; vijr; brhd;dhYk; jiyia Ml;Lk; ,t;t[yfk;/ ViH ey;yijr;
brhd;dhYk; Vw;Wf;bfhs;shJ.
xU fpuhkj;jpy; gzf;fhud; xUtdplk; ViH xUtd; ntiy bra;J te;jhd;.
mg;gzf;fhudpd; tPl;oypUe;j bghUl;fis me;j ViHjhd; jpUotpl;lhd; vd;W vz;zp
mg;gzf;fhuDk; mt;t{uhUk; moj;Jj; Jitj;Jtpl;ldu;. me;j ViH jhd; jpUltpy;iy vd;W
vj;jidnah Kiw bf+;rpanghJk; mt;t{uhu; mtidf; fhty;Jiwapduplk; xg;gilj;jdu;.
fhty; Jiwapdu; mg;gzf;fhud; tPl;L fz;fhzpf;Fk; glf;fUtpia Ma;e;jnghJ
mg;gzf;fhudpd; kfd;jhd; jpUld; vd;gJ cWjpahdJ. jhd; jpUltpy;iy vd;W fjwpa
ViHapd; brhy; ,t;t{uhuplk; Vw;fg;glntapy;iy vd;gijf; fhl;Lk; ,e;epfH;t[ ViHr; brhy;
mk;gyk; VwhJ vd;Dk; gHbkhHpf;Fr; rhd;whfpwJ.
8. gzk; ge;jpapny ? Fzk; Fg;igapny

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
ey;y trjp gilj;jtu;f;F xUtpjkhd cgrupg;g[k; trjp ,y;yhjtu;f;F xUtpjkhd
cgrupg;g[k; bra;fpd;wjhf ,t;t[yfk; tps=;FfpwJ.
Xu; ,sk; bjhHpyjpgu; tPl;oy; jpUkz tpHh eilbgw;wJ. mj;bjhHpyjpgu; bgUk;
gzf;fhuu;fs; midtiua[k; Kd;tupirapy; mku;j;jp cupa kupahijia tH=;fpdhu;.
Mdhy; rpWtajpy; jd;idj; J}f;fp tsu;j;J Mshf;fpa jha;khkd; Kd;tupirf;F te;jnghJ
``,J bgupa ,lj;ijr; rhu;e;jtu;fs; cl;fhUfpd;w ,lk;. vdnt filrp tupirapy; brd;W
mkU=;fs;~~ vd;W Twpdhu;. fhyr;NHyhy; ,d;W tWikapy; thGk; jha;khDf;F ,Jnghd;w
mtkhd=;fs; xd;Wk; g[jpjhdjy;y. gzk; ge;jpapny Fzk; Fg;igapny vd;W Rk;khthfth
Twpdhu;fs;-
9. `Ìe;jpy; tisahjJ Ik;gjpy; tisa[kh>~~

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
,sikapy; fy;tp fw;fhjtd; KJikapy; fy;tp fw;gJ vd;gJ Koahj fhupakhFk;.
mJnghy ,sikapy; Kaw;rp bra;ahjtd;/ KJikapy; Kaw;rp bra;a KoahJ vd;gnj
,g;gHbkhHp czu;j;Jk; bghUshFk;.
ehDk; vd; njhHp khyjpa[k; ,izgpupahjtu;fs;. Mdhy; vd; njhHp Kjy; tFg;gpypUe;nj
ed;whfg; gog;ghs;. Mdhy; ehd; rpWgps;isj;jdkhf tpisahl;oy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLj;njd;.
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mts;; ed;whfg; goj;J cau;e;j epiyia mile;jhs;. Mdhy; vd;dhy; mtisg;nghy;

cau;epiyia mila Koatpy;iy. gpd;g[ Kjpnahu; fy;tpf;Fr; brd;W/ gof;f Mirg;gl;L
goj;J te;njd;. Mdhy; vd; KJik fhuzkhf vd;dhy; fy;tp fw;f Koatpy;iy. ,jpypUe;J
ehd; mwpe;J bfhz;lJ vd;dbtd;why;/ fw;f ntz;oa fy;tpia/ Kiwahf ,sikapnyna
fw;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. ``gUtj;nj gapu; bra;~~ vd;gJ nghy/ rpW tajpy; fw;gJ/ ,Wjp
tiu ed;ik gaf;Fk; vd;Dk; fUj;ijj;jhd; ,g;gHbkhHp vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. (``,sikapy;
fy;~~)
10. ``rpWJUk;g[k; gy;Fj;j cjt[k;~~

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
rpwpa bghUs; vd;W vjida[k; ,fHf; TlhJ. cyfpy; cs;s xt;bthU bghUSf;Fk;
gad;ghL cz;L.
v=;fspd; gf;fj;J tPl;Lf;fhuu; jPuhj nehahsp. mtu; jpdKk; jdf;Fj; jhnd Crp kUe;J
nghl;Lf; bfhs;thu;. fhypahd Fg;gpfis v=;fs; tPl;od; vy;iyf;Fs; J}f;fpg; nghl;L tpLthu;;.
``c=;f kUe;J ghl;oy;fisj; jpdKk; ehd; Fg;igahf ms;spg; nghfpnwd;~~ vd;W v=;fs; mg;gh
mtUld; rpWrpW rz;il nghl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;jhu;.
rpy ehl;fSf;Fg; gpwF/ v=;fs; tPl;Lg; gFjpapy; tpGk; rpW Fg;gpfis xU rhf;Fg; igapy;/
ehd; nru;j;J itf;fj; bjhl=;fpndd;. mg;ghtpd; rz;ilf;F Kw;Wg;g[s;sp itf;fg;gl;lJ.
v=;fs; gs;spapy; khtl;l=;fSf;F ,ilapyhd fiyg; nghl;o ele;jJ. mjpy; tPzhFk;
bghUs;fspy; fiyg; bghUs; cUthf;Fk; nghl;o ,Ue;jJ. kpFjpahf vd;dplk; ,Ue;j
Fg;gpfisf; bfhz;L/ xU mHfpa fl;olk; cUthf;fpndd;. fz;nlhu; tpae;jdu;. Kjw; gupRk;
vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ. Mk;- fHpt[g; bghUl;fs; vd;W vija[nk tPzhf;ff; TlhJ. mJt[k; xU
rpy neuj;jpy; gaDs;sjhf khWk; vd;gij ,e;epfH;t[ epqgpj;;Jtpl;lJ.
11. ``nehaw;w thH;nt Fiwtw;w bry;tk;~~

tpsf;fk;:
cyfpy; vt;tst[ bry;tk; gilj;jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk;/ nehapUg;gpd; mtu;fs; twpatu;fs;"
VH;ik epiyapYs;s xUtu; nehaw;w thH;t[ bgw;wpUe;jhy; mtnu cyfpy; bry;te;ju; Mthu;.
vd; ghrj;Jf;Fupa ez;gu; rpwg;ghff; fy;tp fw;W/ xU gl;ljhupahdhu;. gpd; gzj;jpd;
njitia czu;e;J gy khztu;fSf;Ff; fzpjk; brhy;ypf; bfhLj;J/ gy khztu;fisj;
jpwikahd khztu;fshf cUthf;fpdhu;. mtuJ vspikahd Kiw khztu;fisf; ftu;e;jJ.
gy gs;spfspypUe;J te;J/ E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd khztu;fs; mtuplk; fy;tp gapd;wdu;.
fod ciHg;ghy; rpy kzp neuk; cly;epiy rupapy;yhky; ,Ug;gJz;L. mijr;
rupahff; ftdpf;fhky; ,Ue;jhy;/ fhyg;nghf;fpy; mtUf;F cly;epiy fLikahfg; ghjpj;J/
kUj;Jtuplk; brd;wnghJ/ mst[f;F mjpfkhf khj;jpiufis cz;ljhy;/ mtuJ rpWePufk;
ghjpj;jJ vd;W lhf;lu; Twpdhu;. gpwF mtu; rk;ghjpj;j gzk; vy;yhk;/ jd; neha;f;Fr; bryt[
bra;jjhy;/ VH;ik epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhu;.
ehk; gzj;ijr; rk;ghjpj;Jtplyhk;. Mdhy;/ ek; cly;epiy ghjpf;fg;gl;lhy; kPz;Lk;
ey;y epiyf;Ff; bfhz;Ltu ,ayhJ vd;Wk; fUj;J ,g;gHbkhHpapd; @yk; bgwg;gLfpwJ.
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56 SURYA jkpH;
12. ``cg;gpl;ltiu cs;sst[k; epid~~

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
rpW tajpy; ekf;Fg; gpwu; bra;a[k; cjtpia kwf;fhky;/ kw;wtUf;Fr; rpwpnjDk; ek;khy;
Koe;j cjtpiar; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
mwptHfd; rpW tajpnyna je;ijia ,He;J tpl;lhd;. mtDila gf;fj;J tPl;Lf;fhuuhd
gukrptk; thj;jpahu;/ mtDf;F ntz;oa cjtpfs; bra;J/ mtdJ gog;g[ jilglhky;
ghu;j;Jf; bfhz;lhu;. mwptHfd; ed;F gog;gtd;. fy;Y}upapy; gukrptj;jpd; cjtpa[ld; nru;e;J/
gl;lg;gog;g[ bgw;W/ ntiyapy; mku;e;jhd;. Mz;Lfs; rpy Mapd. gukrptk; thj;jpahu;
Xa;t[ bgw;w gpwF neha;tha;gl;L gLj;j gLf;ifahdhu;. ,ijawpe;j mwptHfd; mtUf;Fj;
njitahd cjtpfisr; bra;J/ mtuJ FLk;gj;ijg; ghu;j;Jf;bfhz;lhd;. cg;gpl;ltiu
cs;sst[k; epidf;f ntz;Lk; my;yth>
xUtu; bra;j ed;wpia kwj;jy; TlhJ" `èd;wp kwg;gJ ed;wd;W~~ vd;gJ ts;Stupd;
tha;bkhHp md;nwh-
13. ``tpisa[k; gapu; Kisapnyna bjupa[k;~~

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
xU kdpjdpd; rpwe;j gz;g[fSk; jpwikfSk; mtdJ rpW gps;isg; gUtj;jpnyna
btspg;gLk;.
kJiuapy; mJ xU tWikapy; thH;fpd;w FLk;gk;. me;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; fUg;g[ ituk; nghy
vl;lhtjhf xU Mz; FHe;ij gpwe;jJ. gs;spg; gUtj;jpnyna mf;FHe;ij gy gupRfisa[k;/
gjf;f=;fisa[k; bgw;wJ. mtUila mk;kh ,utpy; rpW tpsf;fpd; xspapy;/ jdJ gps;is
th=;fpa gupRfisg; ghu;j;Jf; fz;zPu; toj;jhu;. ``gupR gzkhf ,Ue;jhy; ,tDf;F ehd;
,d;Dk; ey;y czt[ bfhLg;ngnd~~ vd;W jk; kdjpw;Fs; brhy;ypf; bfhz;lhs;.
mtu; tsu;e;J jdJ ngr;rhw;wyhy;/ nguhrpupauhdhu;. gpwF gy;ntW fpuhk=;fspYk;/
efu=;fspYk;/ ahtUk; tpUk;gpf; nfl;Fk;go ciuahw;Wk; gl;okd;w eLtuhdhu;. rpW gps;isg;
gUtj;jpy; ,Ue;j ngr;rhw;wy;/ ,d;W ,tiu cyk; mwpe;j ngr;rhsuhfg; nghw;Wk; epiyf;Ff;
bfhz;L te;Js;sJ. mtu;jhd; gl;okd;wj;jpy; g[fH;bgw;w jpU. rhykd; ghg;igah mtu;fs;-
mtuJ md;id cs;sk;/ ,d;W ,tiug; ghu;j;J ``tpisa[k; gapu; Kisapny bjupe;jJ~~
vd;W vz;zp/ jd; kdjpy; mtiu thH;j;Jk; vd;gJ cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdpad;nwh-
14. mDgtnk rpwe;j Mrhd;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
VL fw;Wf; bfhLg;gijtpl/ mDgtnk mjpfkhd ghl=;fisf; fw;Wf; bfhLf;fpwJ.
gyruf;Ff; filf;fhuu; ,uhikah jpdrup filapy; tNyhd gzj;jpidg; bgl;oapy;
g{l;o itg;ghu;. mtuJ ez;gu;fs; gzj;ij t=;fpapy; brYj;jpdhy; ghJfhg;g[ my;yth vdf;
Twpdhy;/ t=;fp eilKiw jkf;F xj;J tuhJ vd;W Twp tpLthu;. xU Kiw mtu; filapy;
,y;yhj neuk;/ gzj;ijj; jpUlu;fs; bfhs;isaoj;Jtpl;ldu;. ,jw;F tUe;jpa ,uhikah/
mjd;gpwF gzj;ij t=;fpapy; brYj;j Muk;gpj;jhu;.
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ekf;F Vw;gLk; mDgtnk/ ehk; thH;f;ifapy; mLj;j jtW bra;ahky; ,Uf;f

cjt[fpwbjd;gij ehk; ,jd; @yk; g[upe;J bfhs;syhk; my;yth>
15. Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk;/ Kaw;rpa[ilahu; ,fH;r;rp milahu;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
ehk; bra;a[k; xt;bthU braypYk; Kaw;rpiaf; iftplhky; bjhlu;e;J bra;jhy;/ thH;tpy;
cau;t[ fpilf;Fk;.
fPjh xd;gjhk; tFg;g[ gof;Fk; khztp. fPjh jkpH; thrpj;jhYk; M=;fpyk; thrpj;jhYk;/
jtwhf mts; thrpg;gijf; nfl;L tFg;ng rpupf;Fk;. Mdhy; mts; mjw;fhf btl;fg;gltpy;iy.
mnj rkaj;jpy; mts; gs;spapd; njhl;l=;fspYk;/ tay; btspapYk;/ fz;zho Kd;g[k; cuf;f
thrpj;Jg; ngrg; gHfpdhs;. mg;nghJ bgh=;fy; tpHhtpidf; Fwpj;J/ ngr;Rg; nghl;of;F fPjh
jd; bgaiuf; bfhLj;J ,Ue;jhs;. mtisg; ghu;j;J midtUk; nfyp bra;jdu;. ,tsh ngrg;
nghfpwhs;. Mdhy; mts; jd; mg;gh/ mk;kh/ j=;if Kd;dpiyapy; tPl;oy; ngrpg; gHfpdhs;.
ele;j ngr;Rg; nghl;oapy;/ rpwg;ghfg; ngrp/ Kjy; gupirj; jl;or; brd;whs;. Kaw;rp bra;jhy;
Koahj fhupak; xd;Wkpy;iy.
``rpj;jpuKk; ifg;gHf;fk; bre;jkpGk; ehg;gHf;fk;~~ vd;gij czu;e;J/ ehk; nkw;bfhs;Sk;
braypy; tplhKaw;rp bra;jhy;/ ek; thH;tpy; btw;wp milayhk; vd;gij ,g;gHbkhHp @yk;
mwpe;J bfhs;syhk;.
16. ``kpd;Dtbjy;yhk; bghd;dy;y~~

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
btspg;g[wj; njhw;wk; fz;L vija[k; cz;ik vd epidj;J/ ek;gptplf; TlhJ.
vd; ez;gu; xUtu; ,uz;L khj=;fSf;F Kd; brd;idapypUe;J/ fy;fj;jh efUf;Fg;
gazk; bra;jhu;. mg;nghJ jhk;guj;jpy; xU egu; Vwp/ vd; ez;gupd; mUfpy; mku;e;jhu;. mtu;
ghu;g;gjw;F kpft[k; ey;ytuhft[k;/ ngz;l;/ ru;l; vd kpLf;fhft[k; njhw;wkspj;jhu;. ifapy;
kpfg; bgupa bgl;oa[k; itj;jpUe;jhu;. mtu; vd; ez;guplk; bkJthfg; ngr Muk;gpj;jhu;. vd;
ez;gUk; ngrpdhu;. gpd;/ ,UtUk; ,ut[ czt[ cz;ldu;.
gpd; brd;idiaj; jhz;oa gpwF/ vd; ez;gUf;F mtu; gp!;bfl; je;jhu;. vd; ez;gu; mJ
kaf;f gp!;bfl;lhf ,Uf;Fk; vd th=;f kWj;jhu;. gpd; me;j egu; rpwpJ neuj;jpy;/ xU eguplk;
bry;nghdpy; Vnjh bjhlu;g[ bfhz;L ngrpdhu;. gpd; mLj;j ,uapy; epiyak; ,Ue;jJ.
mg;nghJ ntW xU egu; fhgp tpw;whu;. clnd me;j egu;/ vd; ez;guplk; `fhgp Fof;fhynk~
vdf; Twpdhu;. gpd; ,UtUk; fhgp Foj;jdu; ; ez;gu; rpwpJ neuj;jpy; ka=;fpdhu;. fhiyapy;
fz; tpHpj;Jg; ghu;j;jnghJ/ gzg;igiaf; fhztpy;iy. clnd fhtyuplk; g[fhu; bra;jhu;.
fhtyu; me;j egiur; re;njfj;jpy; mog;gilapy; gpoj;J itj;jpUe;jdu;. mg;nghJjhd; vd;
ez;gUf;F/ me;jf; fhgp tpw;wtUk; ,tuJ ez;gUf;F/ me;jf; fhgp tpw;wtUk; ,tuJ Tl;lhsp
vdj; bjupe;jJ. gpd; fhtyuplk; jd; gzj;ijg; bgw;whu;.
,t;thW ve;j egUk; ghu;g;gjw;F kpLf;fhfj; njhw;wkspg;ghu;fs;. ehk; mJjhd;
cz;ikbad;W ek;gptplf; Tlhbjd;gnj ,g;gHbkhHp czu;j;Jk; fUj;jhFk;.
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58 SURYA jkpH;
17. ty;ytDf;F g[y;Yk; Ma[jk;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
xUtd; jpwikahdtdhf ,Ue;jhy;/ mtd; vg;gog;gl;l NH;epiyiaa[k; rkhspj;Jf;
bfhs;thd;.
KUfd; ,ut[ neuk; tPl;ow;Fj; jpUk;gpf; bfhz;oUe;jhd;. mg;nghJ kpd;jil
Vw;gl;oUe;jjhy;/ rhiyapy; ,Us; NH;e;jpUe;jJ. me;j neuj;jpy; vjpnu ,U jpUlu;fs; te;J/
KUfid kpul;o bfhs;isaof;f Kaw;rp bra;jhu;fs;. me;j neuj;jpy;/ rknahrpjkhf KUfd;
vjpnu ,Ul;ilg; ghu;j;J ``,d;!;bgf;lu; bfh+;rk; ,=;nf thU=;fs;~~ vd;W fj;jpdhd;.
clnd jpUlu;fs; gae;J Xotpl;lhu;fs;. ,t;thW KUfd; NH;epiyiag; g[j;jprhypj;jdkhf
rkhspj;jhd;.
``kpfj;jpwikahd xUtd; vg;gog;gl;l ,Uf;fl;lhd NH;epiyiaa[k;/ rkhspj;J
mjpypUe;J kPz;L te;J tpLthd;~~ vd;W Twpdhy;/ mJ kpifahfhJ md;nwh!
18. ,s=;fd;W gakwpahJ

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
,sik vd;gJ ntfk; epiwe;jJ ; rthy;fis vjpu; bfhs;tjpy; Mu;tk; mjpfk;. ntfj;ijj;
jtpu ve;j rpe;jidfSk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. gpd; tpist[fisr; rpe;jpg;gJk; ,y;iy.
xU ehs; v=;fs; cwtpdu; xUtu; jk; FLk;gj;Jld; nkl;#u; mizf;Fr; brd;whu;. mtu;
kfd; gj;jhk; tFg;g[ Koj;J tpLKiwapy; ,Ue;jhd;. tpLKiwia kfpH;r;rpa[ld; fHpj;Jf;
bfhz;oUe;jtDf;F/ nkl;#u; ,d;Dk; kfpH;r;rpiaj; je;jJ. jz;zPiug; ghu;j;jt[ld; g[jpa
ntfk; gpwe;jJ. Kd;ghf Xo jz;zPUf;Fs; tpGe;jhd;. ntfkha; ePe;jpr; brd;w je;ij/ kfidg;
gpoj;J ,Gj;J te;jhu;. jhaplk; Twpdhu;/ ,jd; MHk;/ nghf;F vJt[k; bjupahJ. Mdhy; ntfkhf
tpGe;Jtpl;lhd;. vdnt ehk;jhd; gps;isfisf; ftdkhfg; ghu;j;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
Vbddpy; ``,s=;fd;W gakwpahJ~~ md;nwh-
ePe;JtJ/ thfdk; Xl;LtJ/ rhiy tpjpfisj; bjupe;J bfhs;tJ vd mj;jida[k; ehk;
,stajpny fw;Wf; bfhLj;jhy;/ ,is+u;fs; re;jpf;Fk; tpgj;Jf;fs;/ khztu;fs; ,tw;iwg;
bgUk;ghYk; jtpu;j;Jtplyhk;;.
19. nghJbkd;w kdnk bghd; bra;a[k; kUe;J~~

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
``nguhir ngupHg;g[~~ kdepiwt[ld; ``nghJk;~~ vd;w kdJld; thHf; fw;Wf; bfhz;lhy;/
vy;yh ehSk; kfpH;r;rpa[ld; thHyhk;.
xU ehs; bra;jpj;jhspy; xU bra;jp btspahdJ. rPl;L nrfupf;Fk; epWtdk; xd;W/
tpsk;guk; xd;iw btspapl;lJ. `èP=;fs; brYj;Jk; gzk;/ MW khj=;fspy;/ @d;W kl=;fhf/
c=;fSf;Fj; jpUg;gpj; jug;gLk;~~ vd;gnj mt;tpsk;guk;. ,jidg; goj;j vd; ez;gu; xUtu;
2 ,yl;rkhf (rpWfr; rpWfr; nrkpj;jJ) gzk; 6 ,yl;rkhf khwptpLk; vd;W nguhira[ld;
me;epWtdj;jpy; brYj;jptpl;lhu;. MW khjk; Koe;jt[ld;/ me;epWtdj;ijr; brd;W ghu;j;jhy;/
m=;F me;epWtdk; bray;gl;ljw;fhd milahsk; Tl ,y;iy. vd; ez;giug; nghynt
gyu; mt;tplj;jpy; ,Ue;jdu;. mg;nghJ m=;fpUe;j xUtu; ``nghJbkd;w kdnk bghd; bra;a[k;
kUe;J~~ vd;gij kwe;J/ ,Ue;jija[k; ,He;J tpl;nlhnk vd;W kpft[k; tUe;jpdhu;.
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``nghJk;~~ vd;w kdepiwnt/ Fiwtw;w bry;tk;. Mfnt me;j vz;znk midtiua[k;

gjw;wk;/ kd mGj;jkpd;wp/ mikjpahf thH itf;Fk; khkUe;J- ``Mir vd;gnjh Jd;gj;jpd;
ntu;~~.
20. gHfg; gHfg; ghYk; g[spf;Fk;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
ve;jg; bghUSk; g[jpjhf ,Uf;Fk; tiujhd;/ midtUf;Fk; ftu;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jk;.
me;jg; bghUns ehshf ehshf giHajhfp tpl;lhy;/ mJt[k; btWj;Jg; ngha;tpLk;.
ehd; rpW FHe;ijahf ,Uf;Fk;nghJ/ v=;fs; tPl;oy; fWg;g[/ bts;is bjhiyf;fhl;rpjhd;
,Ue;jJ. mJ ehshf ehshfg; gGjhdjhy; vd; je;ij/ tz;zj; bjhiyf;fhl;rp xd;iw
tPl;ow;F th=;fp te;jhu;. ,J ehs; tiu fWg;g[/ bts;isg; gl=;fisg; ghu;j;Jf; bfhz;oUe;j
v=;fSf;F/ tz;zkakhd bjhiyf;fhl;rpnah/ fz;fSf;Ff; FGikahd tpUe;J mspj;jJ.
fhiy Kjy; khiy tiu bjhiyf;fhl;rpna fjpaha;/ ehDk; vd; j=;ifa[k; ,Ue;njhk;. rhg;gplf;
Tlr; bry;yhkypUg;gijg; ghu;j;J v=;fs; mk;kh/ mg;gh jpl;of; bfhz;nl ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
Kjy; xU tUlk; v=;fs; thH;f;if tz;zj; bjhiyf;fhl;rpna fjp vd;W XoaJ. gpwF
bky;y bky;y mj;bjhiyf;fhl;rp ftu;r;rpapypUe;J tpLgl;nlhk;. ,g;nghbjy;yhk; eh=;fs;
gog;gpd; fhuzkhfj; bjhiyf;fhl;rpia vg;nghnjh xU Kiwjhd; ghu;f;fpnwhk;. tz;zj;
bjhiyf;fhl;rpna fjpaha; ,Ue;j eh=;fs;/ ,d;W me;jg; gf;fnk bry;tjpy;iy.
ve;jbthU/ bghUisa[k;/ bra;jpiaa[k; ghu;j;jhYk;/ nfl;lhYk; fre;J ngha;tpLk;
vd;gij ,jd; @yk; mwpe;J bfhs;syhk;.
21. To thH;e;jhy; nfho ed;ik / xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L thH;t[

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
jdp xUtdhy; rhjpf;f Koahj gy fhupa=;fisf; Tl;L Kaw;rpapdhy; btw;wp bgwr;
bra;a Koa[k;.
xU Cupy; gy rkaj;jhu;fs; xd;W To thH;e;J te;jdu;. me;j Cupy; ey;yJ/ bfl;lJ
vJ ele;jhYk;/ xw;Wika[ld; bray;gLthu;fs;. ,t;thW gy ehl;fs; fHpe;Jtpl;ld. gpwF
xUtUf;bfhUtu; rpy fhuzj;Jf;fhf tha;r;rz;il/ ifr; rz;ilahf khwp/ ,Wjpapy; capiug;
gwpf;ff;Toa rz;ilahf khwp tpl;lJ. ,e;jr; braiyg; ghu;j;J/ gf;fj;J Cu;f;fhuu;fSk;
,tu;fisj; jhH;thf epidj;jhu;fs;. filrpapy; xUtUf;bfhUtu; gpur;ridapy; khl;of;
bfhz;L/ fhty; epiyak;/ ePjpkd;wk; vd;W ngha;/ jd;dplk; ,Uf;Fk; gzj;ij vy;yhk;
tpuak; bra;J/ ,Wjpapy; jd; FLk;gj;ijr; nrhfj;Jf;Fj; js;sptpl;lhu;fs;. gpwF xt;bthU
rkaj;jhUk;/ jd; epiyiaj; bjupe;J bfhz;L/ ehk; xw;Wika[ld; ,Ue;jhy;jhd;/ thH;f;ifapy;
brk;ikia milnthk; vd;W brhy;yp/ xw;Wika[ld; thH;e;jdu;.
``xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L thH;t[~~
``xw;Wikna typik~~
vd;Wk; gHbkhHpfSf;nfw;g/ njiu ,Gg;gjw;Fg; gy kdpju;fs; njit. mJnghy xUtu;
kl;Lk; njiu ,Gf;f KoahJ vd;gJ nghyf; `To thH;e;jhy; nfho ed;ik~ cz;lhFk;
vd;gjpy; vs;sst[k; Iakpy;iy.
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60 SURYA jkpH;
22. Rlu; tpsf;fhapDk; J}z;L nfhy; ntz;Lk;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
tpsf;F jhnd vupe;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk; vd;W ,Ue;Jtplf; TlhJ. jpup vupa vupa xsp
k=;Fk;. mg;nghJ jpupiaj; J}z;otpl;lhy;jhd; xsp gpufhrpf;Fk;. ,J jpwik kpf;ftu;fSf;Fk;
tHpfhl;Ljy; ey;y gad; jUk;.
,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; gpujku; $tfu;yhy; neU Mthu;. mtu; je;ijahu; g[fH; bgw;w tHf;fwp+Uk;/
njr gf;jUkhd nkhjpyhy; neU mtu;fs;/ jd; xnu kfd; $tfiuf; fz;Qk; fUj;Jkhf
tsu;j;J te;jhu;. ,aw;ifahfnt Ez;zwpt[ gilj;jtu; $tfu;. mtu; gps;isfnshL ge;J
tpisahof; bfhz;oUf;Fk; nghJ/ xU rpW FHpf;Fs; ge;J tpGe;Jtpl;lJ. ifia tpl;L
vLf;f Koatpy;iy. gps;isfs; jpiff;f/ $tfu; xU thsp jz;zPiuf; FHpapy; Cw;wpdhu;.
ge;J nkny te;jJ. ,j;jifa Ez;zwpit mtu; bgw;wpUe;jhu;.
mnj nghy; khztu;fs; vt;tst[ Ez;zwpt[ bgw;wpUe;jhYk;/ mtu;fs; tsu;r;rpf;Fj;
J}z;Lnfhyha; cjtp bra;a Mrpupau; njit vd;gJ ,g;gHbkhHpf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf
tps=;Ffpd;wjd;nwh!
23. gzk; gj;Jk; bra;a[k;

gHbkhHp tpsf;fk;:
``<l;o vl;Lk; tiu gha[k;~~/ ``gzk; ghjhsk; tiu gha[k;~~/ ``gzbkd;why; gpzKk; thiaj;
jpwf;Fk;~~ vd;gjw;nfw;g gzj;jpw;F kpft[k; Mirg;gl;lhy;/ ,Wjpapy; Mgj;jpy; Koa[k;.
Kk;igapy; vd; mz;zQk; mtd; ez;gDk; I.o (I.T.) epWtdj;jpy; ntiy ghu;j;J
te;jdu;. mtu;fs; ,UtUk; xnu miwapy; j=;fp ,Ue;jdu;. ey;y ntiy if epiwa
rk;gsk;. kfpH;r;rpahf ,Ue;jdu;. jpObud;W mtu;fs; j=;fpapUf;Fk; miwf;F rpy egu;fs;
te;J ez;gu;fshfpdu;. xU ehs; miwapy; nghijg; bghUl;fisf; bfhz;L te;J itj;J
tpl;ldu;. v=;fsplk;/ c=;fSf;F mjpfg; gzk; jUfpnwd; vd;wdu;. vd; mz;zd; gae;J
ngha;/ jd; ez;gdplk; vt;tst[ vLj;Jf; Twpa[k; nfl;ftpy;iy. vd; mz;zd; mtidtpl;L
tpyfptpl;lhd;. rpwpJ ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;/ mz;zdpd; ez;gid/ fhtyu;fs; gpoj;Jr; brd;wdu;.
mtDf;F Ma[s; jz;lid vd;W nfs;tpg;gl;L kdk; tUe;jpndd;.
gzk; mjpfk; ntz;Lk; vd;W Mirg;gl;L/ ehk; ek; thH;f;ifia ,He;Jtplf; TlhJ
vd;Dk; fUj;ij ,g;gHbkhHp czu;j;JfpwJ.
*****
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ka=;bfhypr; brhw;fs;
ka=;bfhypr; brhw;fis xnu bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.
ka=;bfhyp vGj;Jfs; (z e d/ y H s/ u w) mike;j brhw;fisj; jpul;o bghUs; ntWghL mwpe;J
bjhlu; mikf;f.
vz; brhy; bghUs; ntWghL
muk; xU fUtp kuj;ij mWf;f cjt[tJ muk;.
1.
mwk; fUkk; ViHfSf;Fr; bra;ag;gLtJ mwk;.
mup btl;L/ vd; jhahu; fha;fwpfis mupe;jhs; (m) mad;/ mup/
jpUkhy; mud; vd;gtu; Kg;bgU=;flt[su; Mtu;.
2.
mwp bjupe;Jbfhs; ehk; ts;Stu; TWk; fUj;Jf;fis mwpe;J
filgpog;nghk;.
miu ghjp/ khthf;F miuf;fpzW jhz]LtJ Mgj;jhd brayhFk;.
3. kht[ miuf;f ,g;nghJ ,ae;jpu=;fs; cjt[fpd;wd.
miw miwfs; tPl;oy; ehd;F miwfs; cs;sd.
,u=;F ,uf;fg;gL ViHfsplk; ,u=;F.
4.
,w=;F fPnH th khoapypUe;J ,w=;F.
,uj;jy; ahrpj;jy; <bad ,uj;jy; ,Hpe;jd;W.
5. ,wj;jy; rhjy; Fiwe;j tajpy; ,wj;jiy kUj;Jt tsu;r;rp
fl;LgLj;jpa[s;sJ.
,Uk;g[ cnyhfk; mupths; ,Uk;gpdhy; bra;ag;gl;lJ.
6.
,Wk;g[ g[ju; vd; gs;spapd; ,Wk;gUnf ghk;igf; fz]nld;.
,iu jPdp (czt[) g[ypf;F khd; ,iuahfp tpl;lJ.
7. ,iw flt[s;/ murd; ePjp jtwhj kd;dd; kf;fSs; ,iw vd
kjpf;fg;gLthd; ' ,uhku; mnahj;jpf;F ,iw Mthu;.
cut[ typik vd; ez]gd; cut[ kpFe;jtd;.
8.
cwt[ brhe;jk; cwtpduplk; md;ghfg; gHf ntz]Lk;.
vup jP Foir tPLfs; jPg;gw;wp vupe;J nghapd.
9.
vwp tPR cjthg; bghUl;fisj; J}f;fp vwp.
xU xd;W ehd; xU g[jpa E}y; th=;fpndd;.
10.
xW jz]o jtW bra;j khztid Mrpupau; xWj;jhu;.
fiu Xuk; fhtpupf;F cau;e;j fiu mikj;jhd; fupfhyd;.
11. fiw mGf;F bts;is ntl;oapy; goe;j fiwiag; nghf;FtJ
fodk;.
Fu=;F xU tpy=;F Fu=;fpypUe;J gpwe;jtd; kdpjd;.
12. Fw=;F Jil FHe;ij jhapd; Fw=;fpd; kPJ cw=;fpaJ.
(bjhil)
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62 SURYA jkpH;

Futu; bgupnahu; rk;ge;ju;/ eht[f;furu;/ Re;juu;/ khzpf;fthrfu; vd;w
13. jiytUk; irt rkaf; Futu;Mtu;.
Fwtu; Fwtu; kf;fs; Fwp+;rp epy kf;fs; Fwtu;/ Fwj;jpau; Mtu;.
Tupa Tu;ikahd tPuDf;F btw;wp jUtJ Tupa thnsahFk;.
14.
Twpa brhy;ypa vd; ez]gd; Twpaijf;nfl;L tpag;gile;njd;.
Tiu tPl;od; nky; ehd; Xiy nta;e;j Tiu tPl;oy; jhd; trpf;fpnwd;.
15. Tiw g[jpa Mil kzkf;fs; Tiw ntl;oa[k;/ Tiwg; g[lita[k;
mzpthu;fs;.
nfhuy; tpUk;g[jy; ViH kf;fs; TiHna rpwe;j czthff; nfhuy;
16. ,ay;ng.
nfhwy; bfhy;Yjy; fs;tiu murd; nfhwy; rupahd jz]lidna.
rpiu kapiu ePf;F Kfj;jpy; tsUk; kapiu ehs; jtwhky; rpiug;gJ
rpyu; tHf;fk;.
17.
rpiw rpiwr;rhiy vd; mg;gh rpiwr;rhiyapy; Ma;thsuhfg;
gzpahw;wp tUfpwhu;.
rPupa nkyhd midtUf;Fk; bjhz]L bra;tnj vd; rPupa gzp.
18.
rPwpa nfhgpj;j Mrpupaupd; rPwpa Kfk; fz]L khztu; m+;rpdu;.
brhup bghHp fu;zdpd; Mtp gpupe;jnghJ njtu;fs; g{ kyiur;
brhupe;jdu;.
19.
brhwp jpdt[ (neha;) njhiyj; J}a;ikahf itj;jpuhtpl;lhy; brhwp neha;
tUk;.
jup mzp ehd; tpiy cau;e;j Milfisj; jupj;Jf;
bfhs;ntd;.
20. jwp bert[ bea;a[k; gUj;jpiaf; bfhz]L ifj;jwpapy; jahuhd
fUtp Milfis mzpjy; ey;yJ.
jwp btl;L Kl;g[ju;fis tsutplhky; jwpj;J tpLtJ ey;yJ.
jpiu miy jpiu flnyhoa[k; jputpak; njL vd;wdu;.
jpiur;rPiy jpiuapy; glf;fhl;rp fhl;lg;gLtjhy; mjw;Fj;
21. jpiuau=;F vd;W bgau;.
jpiw fg;gk;/ M=;fpy nkau; Ml;rp bra;a[k; nghJ gy rpw;wuru;fs;
murpiw M=;fpnyau;fSf;Fj; jpiw brYj;jpdu;.
Jut[ fpzW MW/ Fsk; ,y;yhj Cupy; kf;fs; Jut[ ePiu
vLj;jJ;jhd; Fog;gu;.
22.
Jwt[ Jwe;JtpLjy; ,sikapy; Jwt[ epiy nkw;bfhz]lhy; btw;wp
bgWtJ fodk;.
Jiu gpug[ bts;isau;fisr; rpyu; Jiu vd;W miHg;gJz]L.
23. Jiw ePu;epiy Fsj;jpy; kf;fs; ,w=;fp ePu; vLf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fj;
,w=;Fkplk; Jiw vd;W bgau;.
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eiu bts;is kapu; rpyUf;F ,sikapnyna eiu Vw;gLtJz]L.
24.
eiw thrid Ky;iy kyupd; eiw ePz;l J}uk; tPRk;.
epiu tupir/ vWk;g[fs; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf epiuahfr; bry;Yk;.
gRke;ij
25.
epiw vil rpy filfspy; th=;Fk; bghUs;fspd; epiw rupahf
,Ug;gjpy;iy.
gue;j gutpa tpisahl;Lj; jply; mikf;f gue;j ,lk; ntz]Lk;.
26.
gwe;j gwe;Jtpl;l g[whf;fs; Tl;lk; Tl;lkhfg; gwe;J bry;Yk;.
guit fly; fly;ePu; g{kpapy; bgUk;gFjp gutp ,Ue;jjhy;
27. flYf;Fg; guit vd;w bgaUKz]L.
gwit gwg;gwit gwf;Fk; caphd=;fSf;Fg; gwit vdg; bgau;.
gup Fjpiu muru; gilfspy; nju;/ gup/ ahid/ fhyhs; vd
ehw;gila[Kz]L
28.
gwp gpL=;F cHtd; fisfisg; gwpj;J vwpe;Jtpl;Lg; gapiu
ed;F tsu;g;ghs;.
ghiu flg;ghiu bfl;oahd kz]gFjpiaj; njhz]l flg;ghiu
29. ntz]Lk;.
ghiw fw;ghiw flypd; eLnt ghiw cs;sJ.
bgU bgupa rpyu; bry;tj;ijg; bgUkstpy; tpUk;g[tJz]L.
30.
bgW mil rpwe;j ez]gu;fisg; bgWtJ cz]L.
bghup bey; bghup bghupa[k;/ bty;yKk; nru;j;Jg; bghup
31. cUz]iliag; gpog;gu;.
bghwp ,ae;jpuk; vypiag; bghwp itj;Jg; gpog;gu;.
bghU nghu; bra;jy; tPkDk;/ JupnahjdDk; bghUjdu;.
32. bghW bghWj;jy; g{kpiag; nghyg; bghWik ntz]Lk; vd;fpwhu;
ts;Stu;.
kuk; jhtu tif ntg;g kuj;jpd; fhw;W clYf;F ed;ik jUk;.
33.
kwk; tPuk; nghu;f;fsj;jpy; kwk; kpf;ftu;f;nf btw;wpa[Wjp.
myF gwit @f;F gwit myfhy; ,iuiaf; bfhj;jpj; jpd;Dk;.
34. msF bgz] gwit msF kapYf;Fj; njhifapy;iy.
mHF tdg;g[ kapy; ghu;g;gjw;F kpft[k; mHF bgw;W tps=;FfpwJ.
myp ngo Mzhfnth/ bgz]zhfnth ,y;yhjtiu myp
vd;gu;.
35. msp bfhL bry;td; ViHf;F czt[ mspj;jhd;.
mHp mHpj;jy; ,e;jpa ,uhQt tPuu;fs; nghupy; giftu; gilfis
mHpj;jdu;.
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64 SURYA jkpH;

My; Mykuk; Myku ,iyfisj; ijj;J cz]fykhfg;
gad;gLj;Jtu;.
36. Ms; xU kdpjd; ehl;il MSk; murd; bja;tk; Mthd;.
MH; @H;F/ mKf;F eiffisg; gwpbfhLj;j bgz]kzp Jaupy;
MH;e;jhs;.
cyt[ el btl;l btspapy; cyt[jy; clk;g[f;F ey;yJ.
37. cst[ xw;W kd;du; cst[ @yk; bra;jpfis mwpfpwhu;.
cHt[ epy cHt[ cHt[j; bjhHpny kpf cau;e;j bjhHpy;.
fyp Jd;gk; esd; Njhl;lj;jpy; gzj;ij ,He;J fypahy;
tUe;jpdhd;.
38. fsp kfpH;r;rp fs;Sz]L fspg;gJ btWf;fj;jf;fJ.
fHp kpFjp/ fhyj;ij tPzhff; fHpg;gJ jtW.
nghf;FtJ
Ny; fUg;gk; fUnkfj;;ijr; Ny; bfhz]l nkfk; vd;gu;.
Ns; rgjk; nju;t[ bjhl=;Fk; Kd; ehd; mjpf kjpg;bgz]
39. bgWtjhfr; Ns; ciug;ngd;.
NH; jpl;lkpL ehk; nju;it vGJk; Kd; ed;whfr; NH;e;J bjhl=;f
ntz]Lk;.
mspj;jy; <jy; ,unthu;f;F mspj;jy; ey;y gz]ghFk;.
40.
mHpj;jy; bfLj;jy; ehk; fhLfis mHpj;jy;TlhJ.
vYk;g[ vd;g[ fPnH tpGe;jjhy; fhy; vYk;g[ Kwpe;jJ.
41.
vGk;g[ vGe;jpU mjpfhiyapy; tpHpj;J vGk;g[tJ ed;W.
fyk; mst[ xU ntiy epyj;jpy; Mapuk; fyk; bey; tpise;jJ.
42. fsk; nghu; gz]ila fhyj;jpy; tPl;ow;F xU tPuu; ehl;ilf;
elf;Fkplk; fhf;fg; nghu;f;fsk; bry;tu;.
fy; ghiw ehd; ghk;igf; fy;yhy; moj;njd;.
43.
fs; kJ fs; cz]gJ clYf;Ff; nfL.
fhiy fhiyg; fhiyg; bghGJ fy;tpf;F Vw;wJ.
44. bghGJ
fhis vUJ fhis khL cHtdpd; ez]gdhFk;.
Fyk; rhjp ey;y Fyk; vd;Wk; jPa Fyk; vd;Wk; ngRjy; TlhJ.
45.
Fsk; ePu;epiy v=;fs; Cu; mUnf xU jhkiuf; Fsk; cs;sJ.
bfhy; bfhd;W tpL neha;f;fpUkpfis kUe;jhy; bfhy;Yf.
46.
bfhs; bgW bfhs;bsdf; bfhLj;jy; cau;thdJ.
nfhy; fk;g[ nfhy; vLj;jhy; Fu=;F MLk;.
47.
nfhs; g[w=;TWjy; nfhs; TWjy; Fw;wkhFk;.
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jhy; ehf;F jhiy Ml;og; ghLtjhy; jhyhl;L vd;W bgau;.
48. jhs; ghjk; ,iwtd; jhs; nru;e;jhUf;Ff; ftiy ,y;iy.
jhH; gzpjy; Mrpupau; brhy;iyf; nfl;L jhH;e;J el.
jtiy ghj;jpuk; jz]zPu; vLf;fg; gad;gLtJ jtiy.
49.
jtis Xu; capupdk; jz]zPupy; thH;tJ jtis.
ehy; ehd;F gz]ilj; jkpHf muru;fs; ehy;tifg; gilfis
50. itj;jpUe;jdu;
ehs; fpHik thuj;jpd; ehs;fs; VG MFk;.
ePyk; ePyepwk; jpUkhypd; ePynkdp mHFkpf;fJ.
51. ePsk; beLik njrpa beL+;rhiyfs; gy fpnyh kPl;lu;fs;
ePsKilait.
ghy; czt[ ghy; FHe;ijf;Fk;/ KjpatUf;Fk; Vw;w czt[
MFk;.
52.
ghH; tspa ,lk; gz]il muru;fs; nghupy; giftu; ehLfis
ghHhf;fpdu;.
g[y; tpy=;fpd; fhy;eilfSf;Fg; g[y;ny rpwe;j czt[ MFk;.
53. czt[
g[s; gwit jpUkhy; fUlg; g[s;is Cu;jpahf cilatu;.
g[yp tpy=;F tpy=;Ffspy; g[yp Cf;fk; cilaJ.
54.
g[sp g[spakuk; cg;g[ g[sp kpsfha; tpiy Vwptpl;lJ.
bghyp tps=;F ahidg;gil nghu;f;fsj;jpy; bghype;J njhd;Wk;.
bghsp bfhj;J fy;jr;ru; mk;kpiag; bghsptu;.
55.
bghHp Cw;W ts;sy;fspd; iffs; nkfk; nghy; bghd;kiH
bghHpe;jd.
@iy KLf;F g{idiaf; fz]lt[ld; vyp @iyapy; Xo xspa[k;.
@is mwpt[f;Fupa Ie;J tajpw;Fs; FHe;ijapd; @is ed;whf
56. ,lk; tsu;e;JtpLk;.
@iH mfg;ig fy;ahz kz]lgj;jpy; rikaw;fhuu; nrhw;iw @
iHahy; fpsWtu;.
typ typik KUff; flt[s; typkpf;f muf;fu;fisg; nghupy;
btd;whu;.
57. tsp fhw;W iwtd; thdhf/ kd;dhf/ tspahf ePuhf/
,
beUg;ghf v=;Fk; epiwe;Js;shd;.
tHp ghij Kd;ndhu; fhl;oa tHpapy; ehk; elg;gJ ey;yJ.
tpyh vYk;g[ @d;W taJ FHe;ijiaj; jha; ,Lg;gpy; Rke;J
brd;wjhy; tpyh typg;gjhff; Twpdhs;.
58.
tpsh kutif tpshk;gHk; Rita[ilajhFk;.
tpHh jpUtpHh jpUtpHh fhy=;fspy; kf;fs; Tl;lk; miynkhJk;.
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66 SURYA jkpH;

tpyf;Fjy; ePf;Fjy; rhd;nwhu; kJita[k; g[spiaa[k; tpyf;Ftu;.
59. tpsf;Fjy; tpsf;fkhff; Mrpupau; ,yf;fz tpjpiaj; bjspthf tpsf;fpdhu;.
Twy;
bty;yk; ,dpg;g[g; bty;yk; ,dpg;g[ cilaJ.
60. bghUs;
bts;sk; ePu;g;bgUf;F fhu;fhyj;jpy; fhtpupapy; bts;sk; fiu g[uz]L XLk;.
ntiy bjhHpy; ntiy bra;tJ ve;j mst[f;F mtrpankh/ me;j
61. mst[f;F Xa;t[k; mtrpak;.
ntis bghGJ @d;W ntiyfspYk; ,iwtHpghL bra;f.
nty; Xu; Ma[jk; KUfdpd; nty; fput[+;r kiyiag; gpse;jJ.
62.
nts; kd;kjd; rptbgUkhd; fhkntisf; fz] mdyhy; vupj;jhu;.
miy ePu; epiy fly; ,Ue;jhy; miyfSk; ,Uf;Fk;.
miH Tg;gpL jpUkzj;jpw;F cwtpdu;fis miHf;fpnwhk;.
63.
mis g[w;W/ japu;/ fiuahd; misapy; ghk;g[ Fog[Fe;jJ.
gpir
,iy jiH Myku ,iyfisj; ijj;J cz]fykhfg;
gad;gLj;Jtu;.
64.
,iH E}ypiH g+;rpypUe;J bky;ypa ,iHfis E}w;whs;.
,is bkyp vd; cly; tutu ,isj;J tUfpwJ.
ciy bfhy;yh bfhy;yd; ciyapy; jpwikahfg; gzpahw;Wfpwhd;.
ciy
65. ciH gf;fk; jpLf;fpLk; bra;jp nfl;L murd; ciH ,Ue;j murp
m+;rpdhs;.
cis gplupkapu; vd; cisiag; gpoj;J ez]gd; cYf;fpdhd;.
xyp Xir thbdhypapy; nfl;fg;gLtJ xyp.
66. xsp btspr;rk; Nupad; ekf;F tH=;FtJ xsp.
xHp ePf;F r@f tpnuhjr; bray;fis xHpf;f ntz]Lk;.
fiy Mil/ fy;tp fiykfs; bts;isf; fiya[Lj;jp tps=;Ffpwhs;.
fiH @=;fpy; fiH fhl;oy; jP gpoj;jJ.
67.
fis ePf;F/ mHF mg;bgz] fUg;ghapDk; fisa[ilats;. tay;
fis vLj;jhy; gapu; ed;F tsUk;.
fpyp gak; nju;t[ vd;whny vdf;Ff; fpyp te;JtpLk;.
68. fpHp fpHpj;jy; fpHpe;j Mil fe;ij vdg;gLk;.
fpsp gwit vd; tPl;oy; fpsp tsu;f;fpnwd;.
jiy Kjd;ik/ rpuR Ik;bghwpfSk; jiyapy; cs;sd.
69. jiH g[y;/ ,iy jiHia tptrhaj;jpy; ,aw;if cukhfg; gad;gLj;jtu;.
jis fl;Ljy; ,yf;fz ahg;gpy; jis xUtif.
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thy; Xu; cWg;g[ ,uhtzd; mDkdpd; thypy; jPapl cj;jutpl;lhd;.
70. ths; nghu;ths; tPudpd; ths; nghupy; btw;wp jUtJ.
thH; thH; ey;nyhu; kjpf;f thH;.
thiy ,sk;bgz] ghujpahu; thiyf; Fkupao fz]zk;kh vdf; fz]
zidg; nghw;wpg; ghodhu;.
thiH kutif thiHj;jz]Lk; g{t[k;/ fha[k;/ fdpa[k; ey;y czt[g;
71.
bghUshFk;.
this kPd;tif kUjj;jpidg; ghly;fspy;/ tay;fspy; thisfs;
Js;spd vd;w bra;jpf; Twg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jhyp kh=;fy;ak; fztd; kidtpf;Ff; fl;LtJ jhyp.
jhHp Flk; nfhilf;fhyj;jpy; jz]zPu; bfhz]L tUtjw;Fj;
72. jhHp thafd;w ghz]lk; gad;gLfpwJ.
jhsp xUtifg; nrhW toj;Jtpl;nld;. FHk;g[ kl;Lk; jhspf;f
gid / ntz]Lk;.
tiy kPd; gpof;f kPdtu;fs; tiy tpupj;J kPd;fisg; gpog;ghu;fs;.
gad;gLk;
bghUs;
73. tiH xU tifahd tiH vd;gJ kutiffspy; xd;W.
kuk;
tis bghe;J/ vyp jd; tisf;Fs; g[Fe;J bfhz]lJ.
tisay;
muz] kjpy;/ giftuplkpUe;J ehl;ilg; ghJfhf;f muiz
ghJfhg;g[ mikj;jdu;.
74. nfhl;il
mud; rptd; irt rkaj;jpd; ,iwtd; mud;.
mz]zk; nky;tha; mz]zj;jpd; thapyhf vGj;Jf;fs; gpwf;Fk;.
75.
md;dk; xU gwit esDf;fhf md;dk; jkae;jpaplk; J}J brd;wJ.
Mzp Tupa ,Uk;g[j;
76. Jz]L ?
Mdp xU khjk; Mdp khjj;jpy; v=;fs; Vu; jpUtpHh eilbgWk;.
Miz fl;lis muR btspapLk; Mizfis mjpfhupfs;
77. epiwntw;wpdu;.
Mid ahid fhl;oy; Midfs; Tl;lk; Tl;lkhfj; jpupa[k;.
cz]Q rhg;gpL grpj;j gpwF czit cz]z ntz]Lk;.
78.
cd;D epidj;Jg;ghu; gpwu; ekf;Fr; bra;a[k; ed;ikfis cd;D.
Cz] czt[ kpF Cz; clYf;F neha; bra;a[k;.
79. Cd; ,iwr;rp kfhtPuu; gpwe;j ehs; vd;W Cd; tpw;gid jil
bra;ag;gl;lJ.
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68 SURYA jkpH;

vz]z epidf;f/ ey;yijna bra;a ey;yijna vz]Qf.
vz]zpg;
80. ghu;f;f
vd;d nfs;tp ehk; thH;tjw;Fg; bghUs; vd;d> vd;W ehk; czu
ntz]Lk;.
fiz mk;g[ mu;r;Rdd; fiz va;tjpy; ty;ytd;.
81.
fid fidj;jy; Fjpiufs; fidf;Fk;.
fzk; Tl;lk; xnu tifg; bghUs;fspd; bjhFjpiaf; fzk; vd;W
TWtu;.
82.
fdk; gS/ Rik fdkhd bghUs; fhypd; nky; tpGe;J vYk;g[
Kwpe;jJ.
fhz] ghu; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; ey;y fhl;rpfis ehk; fhz
ntz]Lk;.
83.
fhd; fhL fhdfj;jpy; tpy=;FfSk; gwitfSk; Rje;jpukhf
thGk;.
jzp ml=;F bgupatu;fsplk; rpwpatu;fs; jzpe;J elj;jy;
84. ntz]Lk;.
jdp jdpj;jpUj;jy; jdp kuk; njhg;ghfhJ.
Jzp Mil J}a;ikahd Jzpfis cLj;j ntz]Lk;.
85. Jdp Jd;gk;/ nfhgk; Jdpiaf; fz]L/ fy=;fhky; ,d;gk; fhz
ntz]Lk;.
jpid jhdpa tif jpid kiyepyj;jpy; kpFjpaha;g; gapuhFk; czt[g;
bghUs;.
86.
jpiz xGf;fk;/ epyk; kiyg;gFjpiaf; Fwpg;gJ Fwp+;rpj;jpiz
vdg;gLk;.
ehz] fapW k=;fs ehz] mzptJ jkpH;g; bgz]fspd; gz]ghL.
87. ehd; jd;idf; ehd; thH;f;ifapy; cau;ntd;.
Fwpg;gJ
jpz]ik typik Mltu; jpz]ika[ilatu;fshf ,Uj;jy; ntz]Lk;.
88.
jpd;ik jPik gpwu;f;Fj; jpd;ik bra;ahky; ,Uj;jny ey;yJ.
tz]ik tsk;/ ehL tz]ik bgw ciHg;nghk;.
89. tH=;Fjy;
td;ik typik xw;Wikna td;ikiaj; jUk;.
Mz] Mz]kfd; MSk; jd;ik Mz]ik vdg;gLk;.
90.
Md; gR Ky;iy epyj;J Mau; Mdpiu nka;g;gu;.
,iz nru; ,uz]L ghijfs; ,iza[k; ,lj;jpy; mk;kd;
91. nfhapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
,id tUe;J jiytd; gpupthy; jiytp ,ide;J g[yk;gpdhs;.
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vz] epid/ vz]zpj; Jzpf fUkk;.
92. vz]Qjy;
vd; vd;Dila vd; ehL fy;tpapy; rpwe;jJ.
fz]zp jiykhiy klhjpgjpfs; ,d;Wk; fz]zp NLk; ,ay;gpdu;.
93.
fd;dp ,sk;bgz] fiyfisg; gapy fd;dpg; gUtk; Vw;wJ.
fz]zd; fpU&;zd; fz]zd; cyfk; rpwg;gila fPij mUspdhd;.
94.
fd;dd; fu;zd; fd;dd; br+;nrhw;Wf;fld; jPu;j;j ts;sy;.
fhzk; bghd; fhzj;jpd; tpiy ehSf;F ehs; Tof;
95. bfhz]nlapUf;fpwJ.
fhdk; fhL ehL brHpf;ff; fhdk; tsu;g;nghk;.
jz] Fspu;r;rpahd bjd;wy; jz]bzd;W tPrpaJ.
96. jd; jd;Dila jd; bgz]L jd; gps;is vd thH;gtd; fLF nghy;
cs;sk; cilatd; vd;W ghujpjhrd; TWfpwhu;.
jpz] typik Mltu; jpz]zpahjy; ntz]Lk;.
97.
jpd; cz] behW=;fj; jpd;gtd; E}whz]L thH;gtd;.
ehzk; btl;fk; ehzk; ,y;yhjtd; thH;f;if eifg;gpw;F ,lkhFk;.
98.
ehdk; g[QF ehdk; xU tiff; fhl;Lg; g{id MFk;.
gzp ntiy ehl;Lg;gzpapy; ehl;lk; bfhs;s ntz]Lk;.
99.
gdp Fspu;r;rp ,kakiy gdp kiyahFk;.
kzk; thrid tPl;Lj; njhl;lj;jpy; g{j;j ky;ypifapd; kzk;
100. tPl;oYk; tPrpaJ.
kdk; be+;rk; kdk; mwpa xUtu;f;Fk; jP=;F bra;af; TlhJ.
fup ahid/ kjfup nkhjp kuk; tPH;e;jJ.
101. epyf;fup
fwp fha;fwp/ kpsF fha;fwpfis ntf itj;j rhW clYf;F kpf ey;yJ.
*****
xyp kug[fs;
1. Me;ij myWk; 9. tz;L KuYk; 17. Fapy; Tt[k;
2. Fjpiu fidf;Fk; 10. nrty; Tt[k; 18. g{id rPWk;
3. thj;J fj;Jk; 11. rp=;fk; KH=;Fk; 19. eha; Fiuf;Fk;
4. vyp fPr;rpLk; 12. fpsp ngRk; 20. FUtp fPr;rpLk;
5. fhfk; fiua[k; 13. Tif FKWk; 21. ahid gpspWk;
6. nfhHp bfhf;fupf;Fk; 14. Fu=;F myg;g[k; 22. g[yp cWKk;
7. kapy; mft[k; 15. vUJ vf;fhskpLk; 23. g[wh FDFk;
8. ML fj;Jk; 16. eup CisapLk; 24. gR fjWk;
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70 SURYA jkpH;
bgaUf;nfw;w tpidfs;
1. mg;gk; jpd;whd; 9. ckp fUf;fpdhs; 17. kuk; btl;Ljy;
2. glk; tiue;jhd; 10. Mil bea;jy; 18. re;jdk; g{Rjy;
3. Tiu nta;e;jhd; 11. TilKiljy; 19. Vu; cGjy;
4. KWf;Fj; jpd;whd; 12. ,iy gwpj;jy; 20. nrhW cz;lhd;
5. fjpu; mWj;jy; 13. E}y; vGjpdhd; 21. g{g;gwpj;jy;
6. mk;g[ va;jy; 14. ePu; mUe;jpdhd; 22. khj;jpiu tpG=;Fjy;
7. Rtu; vGg;g[jy; 15. Xtpak; g[ide;jhd; 23. fha; mupjy;
8. fy; cilj;jy; 16. bjd;wy; tPRk;
*****
gwit/ tpy=;Ffspd; ,sikg; bgau;fs;

1. vypf;F+;R 7. g{idf;Fl;o 13. gR=;fd;W
2. fpspf;F+;R 8. Ml;Lf;Fl;o 14. khd;fd;W
3. ahidf;fd;W 9. vUikf;fd;W 15. rp=;ff; FUis
4. nfhHpf;F+;R 10. FUtpf;F+;R 16. fGijf;Fl;o
5. Fjpiuf;Fl;o 11. fPupg;gps;is 17. eha;f;Fl;o
6. g[ypg;gwH; 12. mzpy; gps;is
*****
jhtu=;fspd; bjhFg;g[
1. khe;njhg;g[ 6. Ke;jpj;njhg;g[ 11. fk;g=;bfhy;iy
2. nrhsf;bfhy;iy 7. bey;tay; 12. gd=;fhL
3. g[spae;njhg;g[ 8. gyhj;njhg;g[ 13. g{+;nrhiy
4. ,Yg;igj; njhl;lk; 9. bjd;de;njhg;g[ 14. bfha;ahj; njhg;g[
5. btw;wpiyj; njhl;lk; 10. thiHj; njhl;lk;
bghUs;fspd; bjhFg;g[
1. Ml;Lke;ij 6. rpye;jp tiy 11. vWk;g[r;rhiu
2. rhtpf;bfhj;J 7. fw;Ftpay; 12. FUtpf;TL
3. nfhHpf;Tz;L 8. thiHf;Fiy 13. tPuu;gil
4. itf;nfhy; nghu; 9. ez;L tiy 14. ahidf; Tl;lk;
5. jpuhl;irf;Fiy 10. gRepiu
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fha;fspd; ,sikg; bgau;fs;

1. mtiug; gp+;R 5. fj;jpupg; gp+;R
2. khtL 6. gyh@R
3. thiHf;FUj;J 7. KU=;ifr; ruL
4. bts;supg; gp+;R
*****
jhtu=;fspd; cWg;g[ bgau;fs;

1. ntg;ge;jiH 7. Mtu=;Fiy 12. bjd;d=;fPw;W
2. khe;jspu; 8. KU=;iff;fPiu 13. fKFf;Te;jy;
3. thiH ,iy 9. gyh ,iy 14. nrhsj;jl;il
4. jhiH kly; 10. gidnahiy 14. thiHj;jz;L
5. bey; jhs; 11. @=;fpy; ,iy 16. <r;rnthiy
6. jpidj;jhs;
*****
ftpijfs;
gs;sp Kaw;rp
gs;sp vd;w fiyf;Tlk; ? ek; Kl;lhky; vJt[k; Kisf;fhJ jk;gp-
thH;itr; rpwg;gpf;Fk; md;whlk;. jl;lhj cspapd;wpr; rpiynaJ brhy;tha;
rpiyaha; ek;ikr; brJf;Fk; ? ey;y gl;lhil bea;tjw;Fk; ghl;lhsp nkdp
fiyaha; ek;ik Mf;Fk;. brhl;lhj tpah;itfs; brhl;oLnk jk;gp-
nfs;tp nfl;Fk; +hdk; ? m=;Fg; fukpy;yhg; gwitfs; myfhy; TLfl;Lk;.
gjpiyf; bfhLf;fj; njhd;Wk;. kpd;rhuk; ,y;yhky; kpd;kpdp xspfhl;Lk;.
ntw;Wik mfw;Wk; ge;jk; ? ek; Rk;kh ,Ug;gth;f;Fr; Rf=;fs; nruhnj.
xw;Wik xd;nw brhe;jk; mk;gha; Kad;wpl;lhy; mhpait ,dpnaJ>
el;g[ kiH
Cnuh- cwnth- fhzhJ kz;zpy; thGk; g[ijaiy ms;s
cs;s=;fs; ,izf;Fk; el;ng- tpz;nzwp tPGk; ePh;j;Jspf; fu=;fns-
ahnuh> vtnuh xd;whfp vz;zpa aht[k; ,k;kz;zpy; cd;dhny
cwtha;g; gilf;Fk; el;ng-
ez;zpa fiyfs; ehbsyhk; kyuyhk;.
ngnuh/ bgUiknah fz;lhYk;
bghwhik fhzhj el;ng- rpd;d+; rpWkyUk; broapy; ,se;jspUk;
Mnzh> bgz;nzh> jpUkfnsh> g[j;jhil fl;oajha;f; Tj;jho kfpHyhk;.
md;ig tphpf;Fnk el;g[. gUtkiH tPH;e;jpl;lhy; gz;g[fs; vGe;jpLnk-
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72 SURYA jkpH;
fhu;nkfk; ,aw;if
Js;spj; jphpa[k; nkfnk- jhdhf cjpf;Fk; Nhpad;
J}J brd;w nkfnk- jhdhfg; g{f;Fk; g{
gjpnyJk; brhy;yhky;
v=;F brd;wha; jhdhfg; bga;a[k; kiH
vd;d brhd;dhd; vd;dtd;> jhdhf tPRk; fhw;W
brhy;yhky; Vd; fiyfpwha;...
jhdhf xspUk; re;jpud;
xd;W TL kiHaha; te;J
brhy;yp tpL... jhdhf kpD=;Fk; el;rj;jpuk;
mtd; fuk; nghy; jhdhf XLk; ejp
vd;id miHj;JtpL
tPzhfr; bra;tJ ehnk.
fhh;nkfnk-
cd; kiHj;Jspapy;
vd;id mizj;JtpL...
thdk; fly;
V ......... thdnk cyfpdpy; bghpats; ePna-
mjpfhiyg; bghGjpYk; czt[ cg;g[f;Fk; ePna jha;-
me;jpkhiyg; bghGjpYk; cdf;Fs;ns thH;e;jpLk; caph;fs; gy
rptg;gJ Vndh> cd;dhny brHpj;jd cyfpy; rpy
cz;z kPd;je;J grpahw;wpdha; eP-
rhjpapd; bgauhy;
CHp miyaha; te;J Vd; mr;RWj;jpdha;>
cd; kf;fs; rhtijf; fz;L
ctl;lhj bry;t=;fs; cd;dpy; cz;L
Joj;jplj; jhndh> caph;g;nghL mspj;jpLtha; vdf;F ,d;W-
FHe;ij
fUtiwapy; cUthfp ,y;yj;jpd; jpUthfp
cytpLk; bja;tnk- Cuwpa[k; bry;tnk-
ed;kHiyr; brhy;Kd;nd brk;bkhHp njhw;Fnk-
eWkyh;r; nrtoapy; brk;kz;qk; rpyph;f;Fnk-
FHe;ijiaf; fhz;gjw;Fr; brhh;f;fnk ,w=;Fnj-
nfhg[uf; fyrkha;g; bgUikfs; caUnj-
cs;sj;jpd; J}a;ikahy; ehk; FHe;ij MfpLnthk;
Ch;thGk; bja;tbkyhk; ,jaj;jpy; MoLnk-
*****
gHbkhHpfs;
1. All is for the best. â™ô£‹ ï¡¬ñ‚«è.
2. A friend in need is a friend indeed. àŸø è£ôˆF™ àî¾ðõ«ù à‡¬ñ ï‡ð¡.
3. Art is long and life is short. è™M è¬óJô; èŸðõ˜ ï£œ Cô.
4. All that glitters is not gold. I¡Âõù â™ô£‹ ªð£¡ù™ô.
5. A penny saved is a penny gained. CÁ¶O ªð¼ªõœ÷‹.
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6. All his geese are swans. è£‚¬è‚°‹ î¡ °…² ªð£¡ °…².

7. A smooth tongue and an evil heart. àœª÷£¡Á ¬õˆ¶Š ¹ø‹ å¡Á «ðê£«î.
8. As is the King, so are his subjects. ñ¡ù¡ âšõN, ñ‚èœ ÜšõN.
9. A contented mind is a continual feast. «ð£¶‹ â¡ø ñù«ñ ªð£¡ ªêŒ»‹ ñ¼‰¶.
10. A crying child will get milk. Ü¿Aø Hœ¬÷î£¡ ð£™ °®‚°‹.
11. A guilty conscience needs no accuser. °Ÿøºœ÷ ªï…² °Á°Á‚°‹.
12. A hasty man never wants woe. ÝˆFó‚è£óÂ‚°Š ¹ˆF ñ†´.
13. A hog is an armour but still hog. àòó àòóŠ ðø‰î£½‹ á˜‚°¼M ð¼‰¶ Ýè£¶.
14. A honey tongue, a heart of gall. ð®Šð¶ Þó£ñ£òí‹, Þ®Šð¶ ªð¼ñ£œ «è£M™.
15. A little stream will drive a light mill. CÁ ¶¼‹¹‹ ð™ °ˆî àî¾‹.
16. A low hedge is easily leaped over. ã¬ö â¡ø£™ «ñ£¬ö»‹ ð£»‹.
17. A man of courage never wants weapons. õ™ôõÂ‚°Š ¹™½‹ Ý»î‹.
18. A young calf knows not fear. Þ÷ƒè¡Á ðò‹ ÜPò£¶.
19. Add fuel to the fire. âKA¡ø ªè£œOJ™ â‡ªíŒ áŸPò¶ «ð£ô.
20. After death, the doctor. è‡ªè†ìH¡ ÅKò ïñvè£ó‹.
21. All are not saints that go to church. ªõÀˆî¬õ â™ô£‹ ð£™ Ý°ñ£?
22. An artist lives every where. èŸ«ø£¼‚°„ ªê¡ø Þì‹ â™ô£‹ CøŠ¹.
23. As you sow, so shall you reap. F¬ù M¬îˆîõ¡ F¬ù ÜÁŠð£¡; M¬ù
M¬îˆîõ¡ M¬ù ÜÁŠð£¡.
24. Barking dogs seldom bite. °¬ó‚A¡ø ï£Œ è®‚è£¶.
25. Bare words buy no barley. ªõÁƒ¬è ºö‹ «ð£´ñ£?
26. Be first at a feast and the last to slander. ð‰F‚° º‰¶; ð¬ì‚°Š H‰¶.
(or) First come first served.
27. Birds of the same feather flock together. Þù‹ Þùˆ«î£´ «ê¼‹.
28. Blessed are the meek; for they shall ªð£Áˆî£˜ ÌI Ýœõ£˜.
inherit the earth.
29. Blood is thicker than water. î£¡ Ýì£M†ì£½‹ î¡ î¬ê Ý´‹.
30. Calm before the storm. ¹ò½‚°Š º¡ Ü¬ñF.
31. Calm after the storm. ¹ò½‚°Š H¡ Ü¬ñF.
32. Casting pearls before Swine. è¿¬î ÜP»«ñ£ èŸÌó õ£ê¬ù ?
33. Charity begins at home. îù‚° I…C«ò î£ùº‹ î¼ñº‹.
34. Coming events cast their shadow before. ò£¬ù õ¼‹ H¡«ù; ñE æ¬ê õ¼‹ º¡«ù.
35. Constant dropping wears the stone. âÁ‹¹ áó‚ è™½‹ «î»‹.
36. Covet all, lose all. «ðó£¬ê «ðKöŠ¹.
37. Custom in infancy becomes nature ªî£†®™ ðö‚è‹ ²´è£´ ñ†´‹. (Ü™ô¶)
in old age. (or) What is learned in the ä‰F™ õ¬÷ò£î¶ ä‹ðF™ õ¬÷»ñ£?
cradle is carried to the grave.
38. Death keeps no calender. ÝP½‹ ê£¾ ËP½‹ ê£¾.
39. Difficulties give way to diligence. è¬óŠð£˜ è¬óˆî£™ è™½‹ è¬ó»‹.
40. Distance lends enchantment to the view. Þ‚è¬ó‚° Ü‚è¬ó ð„¬ê.
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74 SURYA jkpH;
41. Do as Romans do when you are in Rome. àôèˆ«î£´ å†ì å¿°.

42. Do not rob Peter to pay Paul. è¬ìˆ «îƒè£¬ò â´ˆ¶ õNŠ Hœ¬÷ò£¼‚°
à¬ì‚è£«î.
43. Do not add fuel to the fire. âKA¡ø ªï¼ŠH™ â‡ªíŒ áŸø£«î.
44. Drawn wells are seldom dry. Þ¬ø‚A¡ø AíÁ ²ó‚°‹.
45. Do well what you have to do. ªêŒõù F¼‰î„ ªêŒ.
46. East or West, home is the best. âL õ¬÷ò£ù£½‹ îQ õ¬÷ «õ‡´‹.
47. Every tide has its ebb. ãŸø‹ Þ¼‰î£™ Þø‚èº‹ Þ¼‚°‹.
48. Empty vessels make most noise. °¬ø°ì‹ îÀ‹¹‹. (Ü) °¬ø °ì‹ Ãˆî£´‹.
49. Early ripe, early rotten. H…C™ ð¿ˆî£™ ªõ‹HŠ «ð£°‹.
50. Even a demon will pity a woman. ªð‡ â¡ø£™ «ð»‹ Þóƒ°‹.
51. Every man hath his hood. ò£¬ù‚° å¼ è£ô‹ õ‰î£™ Ì¬ù‚°‹ å¼
è£ô‹ õ¼‹.
52. Every tide has its ebb. ê£‡ ãPù£™ ºö‹ êÁ‚°‹. (Ü™ô¶)
ò£¬ù‚ªè£¼ è£ô‹ Ì¬ù‚ªè£¼ è£ô‹.
53. Evil begets evil. ªè´õ£¡ «è´ G¬ùŠð£¡.
54. Experience is the mother of wisdom. ÜÂðõ«ñ ÜPM¡ HøŠHì‹.
55. Face is the index of the mind. ÜèˆF¡ Üö° ºèˆF™ ªîK»‹.
56. Failure is the stepping stone to success. «î£™M«ò ªõŸP‚°Š ð®‚è™.
57. Fair words butter no parsnips. ã†´„ ²¬ó‚è£Œ èP‚° àîõ£¶. (Ü™ô¶)
ê˜‚è¬ó â¡Á ªê£¡ù£™ FˆF‚°ñ£?
58. Familiarity breeds contempt. ðöèŠ ðöèŠ ð£½‹ ¹O‚°‹.
59. First deserve then desire. ºìõ¡ ªè£‹¹ˆ «îÂ‚° Ý¬êŠðìô£ñ£?
60. Even Homer sometimes nods. ò£¬ù‚°‹ Ü® êÁ‚°‹.
61. Good coral needs no colouring. ªð£¡ °ìˆ¶‚°Š ªð£†®ì «õ‡´ñ£?
62. Health is wealth. «ï£òŸø õ£›«õ °¬øõŸø ªê™õ‹.
63. Haste makes waste. ðîPò è£Kò‹ CîÁ‹.
64. Honesty is the best policy. «ï˜¬ñ«ò Cø‰î ªè£œ¬è.
65. Hunger breaks through stone walls. ðCõ‰FìŠ ðˆ¶‹ ðø‰¶ «ð£°‹.
66. If a crab gets fat it will not stay in its hole. ï‡´ ªè£¿ˆî£™ õ¬÷J™ îƒè£¶.
67. Jack of all trade is master of none. ðôñó‹ è‡ì î„ê¡ å¼ ñóº‹ ªõ†ìñ£†ì£¡.
68. Knowledge is power. ¹ˆFñ£«ù ðôõ£¡ Ýõ£¡. (Ü) ÜP¾ ÝŸø™
õ£Œ‰î¶.
69. Kindness cannot be bought. Ü¡¬ð M¬ô‚° õ£ƒè º®ò£¶.
70. Lamb at home and lion at the chase. ð£˜ˆî£™ ð²; ð£Œ‰î£™ ¹L. (Ü)
i†®™ âL; ªõOJ™ ¹L.
71. Let every man praise the bridge he goes àŠH†ìõ¬ó àœ÷÷¾‹ G¬ù.
over.
72. Little brooks make great rivers. ï£ô£Á «ê˜‰î£™ ð£ô£Á Ý°‹. (Ü)
CÁ¶O ªð¼ªõœ÷‹.
73. Little strokes fell great oaks. Ü®«ñ™ Ü® Ü®ˆî£™ Ü‹I»‹ ïè¼‹.
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74. Live and let live. õ£¿; õ£öM´.

75. Look before you leap. Ýö‹ ªîKò£ñ™ è£¬ô Mì£«î.
76. Love is God. Ü¡«ð èì¾œ.
77. Misfortunes never come single. ¶¡ðƒèœ îQˆ¶ õ¼õF™¬ô. (Ü)
ð†ì è£L«ô ð´‹; ªè†ì °®«ò ªè´‹.
78. Money makes many things. ðí‹ ðˆ¶‹ ªêŒ»‹. (Ü) ðí‹ â¬î»‹ ê£F‚°‹.
79. Man proposes, God disposes. ï£‹ å¡Á G¬ù‚èˆ ªîŒõ‹ å¡Á G¬ù‚°‹.
80. Make hay while the sun shines. è£ŸÁœ÷«ð£«î ÉŸP‚ªè£œ.
81. Make the best of a bad jole. âKAø i†®™ H´ƒAò¶ õ¬ó Þô£ð‹.
82. Man without money is a bow without an ðíI™ô£îõ¡ ï¬ìHí‹.
arrow.
83. Many a slip between the cup and the lip. ¬è‚° â†®ò¶ õ£Œ‚° â†ìM™¬ô.
84. Necessity is the mother of invention. «î¬õ«ò è‡´H®ŠH¡ î£Œ.
85. Never look a gift horse in the mouth. î£ù‹ ªè£´ˆî ñ£†¬ìŠ ð™¬ôŠ H®ˆ¶Š
ð£˜‚è£«î.
86. Nip in the bud. ºœ¬÷ º¬÷J«ô«ò AœÀ.
87. No pain no gain. à¬öŠH¡P áFò‹ Þ™¬ô.
88. No rains no grains. ñ£K Þ™ô£¶ è£Kò‹ Þ™¬ô.
89. No smoke without fire. ªï¼Š¹ Þ™ô£ñ™ ¹¬è Þ™¬ô.
90. No flower makes no garland. (or) îQñó‹ «î£Š¹ Ýè£¶.
One flower makes no garland.
91. Our life has a limit, but knowledge is è™M è¬óJô; èŸðõ˜ ï£œ Cô.
without limit.
92. Perseverance prevails. ºòŸC F¼M¬ù Ý‚°‹.
93. Poor men’s words have little weight. ã¬ö ªê£™ Ü‹ðô‹ ãø£¶.
94. Practice makes one perfection. CˆFóº‹ ¬èŠðö‚è‹.
95. Prevention is better than cure. õ¼º¡ è£ˆî«ô ï¡Á. (Ü)
ªõœ÷‹ õ¼º¡ Ü¬í«ð£´.
96. Self help is the best help. î¡ ¬è«ò îù‚° àîM.
97. Sadness and gladness succeed each õÁ¬ñ å¼ è£ô‹, õ÷¬ñ å¼ è£ô‹. (Ü)
other. Þ¡ðº‹ ¶¡ðº‹ Þó¾‹ ðè½‹.
98. Something is better than nothing. ñù‹ «ð£™ õ£›¾.
99. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Ü®ò£î ñ£´ ð®ò£¶. (Ü)
Ü® àî¾õ¶«ð£™ Ü‡í¡, î‹H àîõ£˜.
100. Strike the rod while it is hot. è£ŸÁœ÷ «ð£«î ÉŸP‚ªè£œ.
101. Strike while the iron is hot. ð¼õˆ«î ðJ˜ ªêŒ.
102. Success has many friends. ªõŸP‚° ï‡ð˜ ðô˜.
103. Take time by the forelock. õ£ŒŠ¬ð ï¿õMì£«î.
104. The kick of the dow hurts not the colt. «è£N IFˆ¶‚ °…² ºì‹ Ýè£¶.
105. Law - makers should not be a law- «õL«ò ðJ¬ó «ñŒ‰î£™ M¬÷¾ â¡ù Ý°‹?
breakers. (Ü) ê†ì‹ ÞòŸÁ«õ£˜ ê†ìˆ¬î eø‚Ãì£¶.
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76 SURYA jkpH;
106. The Mills of God grind slow but sure. Üóê¡ Ü¡Á ªè£™õ£¡; ªîŒõ‹ G¡Á ªè£™½‹.
107. The noisy fowler catches no birds. ¶œÀA¡ø ñ£´ ªð£F ²ñ‚è£¶.
108. Think every body alike. î¡¬ùŠ«ð£™ Hø¬ó»‹ G¬ù.
109. Think first and fight afterwards. â‡Eˆ ¶Eè è¼ñ‹.
110. Time and tide waits for none. è£ôº‹ Ü¬ô»‹ âõ¼‚°‹ è£ˆFó£. (Ü)
äò˜ õ¼‹ õ¬ó Üñ£õ£¬ê è£ˆF¼‚è£¶.
111. Time once lost can never be regained. Þö‰î è£ôˆ¬î â¡Á‹ ªðø Þòô£¶.
112. Time once lost; is lost for ever. èì‰î è£ô‹ â¡Á‹ e÷£¶.
113. Tit for tat. ðN‚°Š ðN.
114. To carry coals to new castle. ªè£™ô¡ ð†ì¬øJ™ áC MŸèô£ñ£?
115. To err is human; to forgive is divine. îõÁ ªêŒõ¶ ñQî Þò™¹; ñ¡QŠð¶ ªîŒõ
Þò™¹.
116. To the good people world appears good. ï™ôõ˜èÀ‚° àôè‹ ï™ôî£è«õ ªîK»‹.
117. To throw pearls before swine. è¿¬î‚°ˆ ªîK»ñ£ èŸÌó õ£ê¬ù?
118. Too much of anything is good for nothing. Ü÷¾‚° I…Cù£™ Üºîº‹ ï…².
119. Union is strength. åŸÁ¬ñ«ò õL¬ñ (Ü) å¡Áð†ì£™ à‡´ õ£›¾.
120. United we stand, divided we fall. å¡Áð†ì£™ à‡´ õ£›¾; åŸÁ¬ñ cƒA®™,
Ü¬ùõ¼‚°‹ î£›¾.
121. Walls have ears. ð‚è‹ ð£˜ˆ¶Š «ð².
122. Wealth is best known by want. GöL¡ Ü¼¬ñ ªõJL™ ªîK»‹.
123. Weight and measure take away strike. ÝŸP™ «ð£†ì£½‹ Ü÷‰¶ «ð£´.
124. Where there is a will there is a way. ñù‹ Þ¼‰î£™ ñ£˜‚è‹ à‡´.
125. While in Rome, be a Roman. á¼ì¡ åˆ¶ õ£›. (Ü) àôèˆ«î£´ å†ì å¿°.
126. We are here today and gone tomorrow. Þ¡P¼Š«ð£˜ ï£¬÷ Þ™¬ô.
127. With out wisdom, wealth is worthless. M«õè‹ Þ™ô£„ ªêò™ i«í.
128. Work more, talk less. «ð„¬ê‚ °¬ø, à¬öŠ¬ðŠ ªð¼‚°.
129. Youth and age will never agree. Þ÷¬ñ»‹ º¶¬ñ»‹ â¡Á‹ åˆ¶Š«ð£õF™¬ô.
130. You will never have a friend if you must °Ÿø‹ ð£˜‚A™ ²Ÿø‹ Þ™¬ô.
have one without fault.
131. Time is gold. è£ô‹ ªð£¡ «ð£¡ø¶.
132. Drops of water makes an ocean. CÁ¶O ªð¼ ªõœ÷‹.
133. A sound mind a sound body. Ý«ó£‚Aòñ£ù àìL™ Ý«ó£‚Aòñ£ù ñù‹
Þ¼‚°‹.
134. Might is right. õ™ô£¡ õ°ˆî«î ê†ì‹. (Ü) ðô«ñ êKò£ù õN.
135. The pen is mightier than the sword. «ðù£ º¬ù èˆF º¬ù¬ò Mì õ½õ£ù¶.
136. It is no use crying over split milk. ïì‰î¬î G¬ùˆ¶Š ¹ô‹ð£«î. (Ü™ô¶)
èø‰î ð£™ ñ® ¹°ñ£?
137. Youth comes but once in a lifetime. õ£›M™ Þ÷¬ñ å¼º¬øî£¡ õ¼‹.
138. Youth is life’s seed time. õ£›M¡ M¬îŠ ð¼õ‹ õ£Lð«ñ.
139. Zest without knowledge is fire without light. ÜPM™ô£ ÜŸð àí˜„C; ²ìK™ô£î b.
140. Zeal without prudence is frenzy. M«õè‹ Þ™ô£î Ý˜õ‹ ªõPJ™ º®»‹.
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gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fs;
tlbkhHpr; brhw;fs;
1. m=;fj;jpdu; cWg;gpdu; 31. rhtp jpwt[nfhy;
2. mjpfhup mYtyu; 32. Rfnghfk; ey;ypd;gk;
3. mjpgu; jiytu; 33. Rgjpdk; ey;y ehs;
4. me;epau; mayhu; 34. brsfu;ak; trjp
5. mgpn&fk; ePuhl;L 35. j!;jhnt$; Mtzk;
6. mg{u;tk; g[Jik 36. Ju;g;ghf;fpak; ey;tpidaw;w
7. my=;fhuk; xg;gid 37. njfk; clk;g[
8. mDkjp ,irt[ 38. ghPl;ir nju;t[
9. mDgtk; gl;lwpt[ 39. ge;jak; gzak;
10. Muhjid tHpghL 40. Fkh!;jh vGj;ju;
11. Mrpu;thjk; thH;j;J 41. ghf;fp epYit
12. Mgj;J ,lu; 42. bgsjPfk; ,aw;gpay;
13. M!;jhdk; murit 43. nahf;fpahgj;jpuk; ew;rhd;wpjH;
14. M!;jp bry;tk; 44. uj;J ePf;Ff
15. ,y+;rk; ifa{l;L 45. tp+;+hdk; mwptpay;
16. ,yl;rzk; mHF 46. tp&ak; bra;jp
17. ,yl;rpak; Fwpf;nfhs; 47. kfhuhrh nguuru;
18. ,yhf Jiw 48. ek!;fhuk; tzf;fk;
19. ,yhgk; tUtha; 49. e&;lk; ,Hg;g[
20. cj;jpnahfk; gzp 50. eh&;lh rpw;Wz;o
21. cj;jpnahf!;ju; mYtyu; 51. epg[zu; ty;Yeu;
22. cgfhuk; cjtp 52. kj;jpahdk; ez;gfy;
23. cgnahfk; gad; 53. fpukk; xG=;F
24. fyhr;rhuk; gz;ghL 54. fpuhkk; rpw;W}u;
25. f$hdh fUt{yk; 55. Fkhud; kfd;
26. fhupaju;rp brayhsu; 56. ge;Jkpj;jpuu; wtpdUk;
c
ez;gu;fSk;
27. Fk;ghgpn&fk; FlKHf;F 57. ikjhdk; jply;
28. rk!;jhdk; ehL 58. $ddk; gpwg;g[
29. rKj;jpuk; fly; 59. $hkPd; gpiz
30. f=;fjp bra;jp
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78 SURYA jkpH;
M=;fpyr; brhw;fs;
1. M!;gpl;ly; kUj;Jtkid 9. gpupz;o=; gpu!; mr;rfk;

2. ,z;lu;bel; ,izak; 10. g!;!lhz;l; ngUe;J epiyak;
3. ,bkapy; kpd; m+;ry; 11. ngf;!; bjhiyefy;
4. Vu;nghu;l; tpkhd epiyak; 12. ngh!;l; MgP!; m+;ryfk;
5. fk;bgdp FGkk; 13. bug;up$pnul;lu; Fspu;rhjdg;bgl;o
6. fhgp Fsk;gp 14. bkof;fy; &hg; kUe;jfk;
7. fpupkpdy; Fw;wthsp 15. b$uhf;!; efy; mr;R
8. O !;lhy; njePu;f;fil
*****
ctikfSf;nfw;w bghUs;
1. mj;jpg;g{j;jhw; nghy; mupabray;
2. moaw;w kuk; nghy; monahL iftplg;gLjy;
3. Miyapy; mfg;gl;l JUk;g[ nghy Jd;gk;
4. mdypw;gl;l bkGF nghy Jd;gk; fz;L JtSjy;
5. mr;rpy; thu;j;jhw; nghy xw;Wik
6. Ml;giwe;j kuk; cWjp
7. MHkwpahky; fhiy tpl;lJ nghy jpl;lkplhik
8. ,yt[fhj;j fpspnghy Vkhw;wk;
9. ,onahir nfl;l ehfk; nghy gak;
10. ,otpGe;j kuk; nghy ntjid
11. ,iykiw fha; nghy bfh+;rk; bjupjy;
12. cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy bjspt[
13. flypy; fiue;j fhak; nghy gadw;W nghjy;
14. efKk; rija[k; nghy ,izgpupahjpUj;jy;
15. ntypia gapiu nka;;e;jJ nghy eat+;rf bray;
16. ,Ujiyf; bfhs;sp vWk;g[ nghy jtpg;g[
17. gRkuj;jhzp nghy vspjhf gjpjy;
18. gHk; eGtpg; ghypy; tpGe;jJ nghy kfpH;r;rp
19. cr;re;jiyapy; Mzp moj;jhw; nghy cWjp
20. Rk;kh fple;j r=;if Cjpf; bfLj;jy; nghy ntz;lhjij bra;jy;
21. rptg{i$apy; fuo g[Fe;jJ nghy njitaw;w tUif
22. ru;f;fiug;ge;jypy; njd;khup bkhHpe;jhw; nghy kpFjpahd ,d;gk;
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23. gRe;njhy; nghu;j;jpa g[yp nghy eat+;rfk;

24. ehd; mwpe;jJ nghy gadw;Wg; nghjy;
25. kyUk; kdKk; nghy xw;Wik
*****
kqcr; brhw;fs;
1. tPunfusk; g[J}u; tP.nf.g[J}u;
2. ghg;gehaf;fd;ghisak; gp.vd;. ghisak;
3. tpf;fpukrp=;fg[uk; tp.nf.g[uk;
4. tPutey;Y}u; tPiu
5. ,uhkehjg[uk; ,uhk;ehL
6. tz;zj;Jf;fhud;ngl;il tz;zhug;ngl;il
7. rp=;fhey;Y}u; rp=;if
8. cLkiyg;ngl;il cLkiy
9. mk;ghrKj;jpuk; mk;ig
10. fuptyk;te;jey;Y}u; fuptyk;
11. g[Jr;nrup g[Jit
12. rpd;djwpngl;il rpe;jhjpupngl;il
*****
tpilfs;
,ay; 1 5. gz]g[j;bjhif
6. tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
gyt[s; bjhpf. 7. ,ilf;Fiw
1. ,) bjhy;fhg;gpak;
2. <) f/ ,uz]Lk; rup 2. 1. rha; + g; + g; + Md;
3. ,) movJif/ rPu;nkhid rha; ? gFjp/ g; ? re;jp/ g; ? vjpu;fhy
4. ,) ,uz]L fUj;Jk; rup ,ilepiy/ Md; ? glu;f;if Mz]
5. <) 2/ 3/ 4/ 1 ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp.
6. ,) fhisapy; g{j;j ky;ypif kdk; tPrpaJ. 2. tpk;K + fpd;W + m
7. m) mtUf;F ey;yJ bfl;lJ ey;yhj; tpk;K ? gFjp/ fpd;W ? epfH;fhy
bjupa[k;. ,ilepiy/ m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
gapw;rpfs; 3. tpa + j;(e;) + j; + c
tpa ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ
1. 1. gz]g[j;bjhiffs;
tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
2. mLf;Fj;bjhlu;
c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
3. tpidbar;rk;
4. cUtfk;
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80 SURYA jkpH;
4. ,U + j;(e;) + j; + Ma; 6. jdp + MHp
,U ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ ,<I tHp at;t[k; vd;w tpjpg;go
tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ
Ma; ? Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W ,ay;ng vd;w tpjpg;go/ (a; + M = ah)
tpFjp jdp + a; + MHp = jdpahHp
5. cau; + j;(e;) + j; + Xh; 7. btk;ik + fjpu;
cah; ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ <Wnghjy; vd;w tpjpg;go/ ik bfl;L/
tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ Xu; Kd;dpd;w bka; jpupjy; vd;w tpjpg;go/
gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp. (k; jpupe;J =; njhd;wp)/ btk; + fjpu;
6. th(t) + j;(e;) + j; + c + bt=;fjpu;.
th (t) ? gFjp (`t~ vdf; FWfpaJ
4. 1. fw;wy; vy;yh ,l=;fspYk; mjd;
tpfhuk;)/ j; ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ tpfhuk;/
cupikahsiug; gpd;gw;Wk; xU
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/
fUt{ykhFk;.
c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
2. g[jpa bkhHp g[jpa thH;f;if.
7. tps=;F + ,
tps=;F ? gFjp/ , ? tpidbar;r tpFjp. 3. gpwu; cd;idg; g[upe;J bfhs;s
ntz]Lkhapd; mtu; bkhHpapy; ngR.
8. ,U + j;(e;) + j; + Ma;
,U ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ 4. bkhHpfspd; mwpt[ +hdj;jpd; tHpj;jlk;.
tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy 5. vd; bkhHpapd; vy;iy vd; cyfj;jpd;
Ma; ? Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W vy;iy.
tpFjp
5. 1. kf;fs; gilj;Jf; fhj;JtUk; mupa
3. 1. brk;ik + gupjp fiy vJ> mJ Mw;Wk; bray; ahJ>
<W nghjy; vd;w tpjpg;go ik bfl;L/ 2. jhapd; Kjy; tpUg;gk; vd;d>
brk; + gupjp brk;gupjp. 3. bkhHp tsu;r;rp vjndhL
2. thdk; + vy;yhk; bjhlu;g[ilaJ>
cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ 4. bkhHpia tsu;g;gtUk;/ bkhHpahy;
,ay;ng (k; + v = bk) thbdky;yhk;. tsu;gtUk; ahu;>
3. cd;id + my;yhy; 5. bkhHp tsu;r;rp vjidg; bghWj;jJ>
,<I tHp at;t[k; vd;w tpjpg;go/
cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ 6. 1. ,t;t[yf Mirfspd;kPJ jhkiu
,ay;ng vd;w tpjpg;go/ ,iy ePu; nghy gw;W ,y;yhky;
(a; + m = a) cd;id + a; + my;yhy; = ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
cd;iday;yhy;. 2. ,d;Dk; rpy fpuhk=;fspy; kf;fs;
4. brk;ik + jkpnH fpzw;Wj; jtis nghy thH;fpd;wdu;.
<W nghjy; vd;w tpjpg;go/ ik bfl;L 3. uFt[k; utpa[k; vypa[k; g{ida[k; nghyr;
Kd;dpd;w bka; jpupjy; vd;w tpjpg;go/ rz]ilapl;Lf; bfhz]ldu;.
(k; jpupe;J e; njhd;wp)/ brk; + jkpnH 4. FLk;gj; jiytd; ,y;yhj tPL
bre;jkpnH mr;rhzp ,y;yhj nju; nghy cs;sJ.
5. M=;F + mtw;Ws; 5. jkpHhrpupau; fw;gpj;j g[zu;r;rp
`capu;tupd; cf;Fws; bka; tpl;nlhLk;~ ,yf;fzk; v=;fSf;F cs;s=;if
`cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ bey;ypf;fdp nghyj; bjsptha;
,ay;ng~ vd;w tpjpg;go/ (f; + m = f) tps=;fpaJ.
M=;f; + mtw;Ws; = M=;ftw;Ws;
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7. fz;zhy; fz;ltw;iwf; ifahy; 5. m) fhu;gd; mw;w Mw;wy; gad;ghnl

fiytotkhf;fp njitahfpwJ.
fhz;gtu; fz;fSf;Ff; 6. m) bghUl;Fwpg;g[
fhl;rp jUk; tpUe;jhf;fp 7. ,) bjhy;fhg;gpak;
fhy=;fs; fle;jhYk; fz;fis 8. M) cau;jpiz/ mBwpiz
tpl;L mfyh Xtpakhf;fp 9. m) 4/ 1/ 2/ 3
fy;iyr; rpiyahf;Fk; rpw;gpna-
gapw;rpfs;
fhy=;fhykha; epw;gha; vd;Wk;-
1. 1. brhy;ypir msbgil
8. capupd; xypna jhapd; mutizg;g[
2. <Wbfl;l vjpu;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
mutizf;Fk; mtisna mfj;jpy;
3. gz]g[j;bjhif
vz]Qnthnk-
4. gz]g[j;bjhif
9. 1. ftpkzp/ 2. kiwkiy mofs;
2. 1. fy=;F + ,
3. jkpH; xsp/ 4. g[Jikg;gpj;jd;/ 5. nfhij
fy=;F ? gFjp/ , ? tpidbar;r tpFjp.
10. 1. rhp ? fhuzk;
3. 1. g[Jik + bgay;
rup/ bghUs;fisj; njlhJ vLf;f
<W nghjy; vd;w tpjpg;go ik bfl;L/
Koa[k;. neuk; tPzhjy; jtpu;f;fg;gLk;.
`,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd;
2. jtW ? khw;wk; frjg kpFk;~ vd;w tpjpg;go `g;~ njhd;wp
jtW/ Jg;g[jw;F cupa ,lj;jpy; g[J + bgay; = g[Jg;bgay;.
Jg;gyhk;. neha; gut[tij ehk;
2. ,dk; + epiu
jLf;fyhk;.
`kt;tPW xw;wHpe;J caphPW xg;gt[k;
3. jtW ? khw;wk; MFk;~ vd;w tpjpg;go/ ,depiu.
jtW/ Fg;igf;Tilapy; nghLjy;.
tFg;giwiar; Rj;jkhf itg;gJ ek; 4. 1. devastation ? nguHpt[
flik. 2. deforestation ? fhlHpg;g[
4. jtW ? khw;wk; 3. thirty years ? Kg;gJ Mz]Lfs;
jtW/ ,Uf;if/ nkir njhw;wk; 4. founded ? epWtg;gl;lJ
tPzhfptpLk; gs;spapd; brhj;jpidg; 5. regions ? kz;ly=;fs;
ghJfhg;gJ ekJ flik. 6. providing ? tpepnahfk;
7. halting ? Xa;tpl=;fs;
11. 1. cWg;gpdu; fl;lzk; 8. soil erosion ? kz]zupg;g[
2. g[idt[ 9. desertification ? ghiytdkhf;fy;
3. thH;f;if tuyhW 10. enlighten ? mwpt{l;ly;
4. fhg;gfk; 11. representative ? gpujpepjp
5. E}y; epuy; 12. generation ? jiyKiw
6. ifbaGj;Jg; gpujp 13. democracy ? Foahl;rp
14. parliament ? ehlhSkd;wk;
,ay; 2
15. election ? nju;jy;
gyt[s; bjhpf. 16. success ? btw;wp
17. tens of thousands ? gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd
1. M) 3/ 1/ 2/ 4
18. thirty million ? @d;Wnfho
2. ,) kiHj;Jspfs;
19. social forestry
3. M) kzy; ms;Sjy;
schemes ? r@f fhLfs;
4. <) <Wbfl;l vjpu;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
tsu;g;g[j; jpl;lk;
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82 SURYA jkpH;
20. Minister of 4. ,Ug;g[g;ghijiaf; flf;Fkplk;
environment ? Rw;Wr;NHy; mikr;ru; 5. bjhlu;tz]o tHpf;Fwp
6. khefuj; bjhlu;tz]o
5. 1. fhu;g; gUtj;jpy; ed;whf tpise;jjhy;
jhdpa=;fspd; tpiy Fiwahky; ,ay; 3
,Uf;f Vw;Wkjp epWtdj;Jld;
gyt[s; bjhpf.
xg;ge;jk; bra;Jbfhs;s tpiHtjhf
muR mwptpj;jJ. 1. M) jpUkzKk; FLk;gKk;
2. ,) 2/ 4/ 1/ 3
2. Ml;ow;Fj; jiH jpUlg;nghd ,lj;jpy;
3. <) ,it midj;Jk;
kuj;jpy; jiy jl;o tpGe;jtidj; 4. ,) ,uhkd;/ Rf;hPtd;
njhl;lf;fhud; jisapl;L 5. <) je;ijtHpr; r@f Kiw
Cu;j;jiytuplk; miHj;Jr; brd;whd;. 6. ,) rpdk;vd;Dk; nru;e;jhiuf; bfhy;yp
3. fiH fhl;oy; jPg;gpoj;jjhy; fisfSld; ,dk;vd;Dk;
fiykhd;fSk; brj;J koe;jd. Vkg; g[iziar; RLk;.
4. flyiyapy; tpisahlr; brd;w KUfd; 7. M) gad; Muhahky; xUtd; bra;j cjtp
misapy; ,Ue;j mutk; jPz]l vj;jid 8. M) ey;yit vy;yhk; jPathk; jPat[k;
Kiw miHj;Jk; ngr;R @r;rpd;wp ka=;fpf; ey;ythk; bry;tk; braw;F
fple;jhd;. 9. bry;,lj;Jf; fhg;ghd; rpdk;fhg;ghd;
my;,lj;Jf;
6. 1. <ry; 2. fpsp
fhf;fpd;vd; fhthf;fhy; vd;>
7. tskhf vy;nyhUk; thH trjpahd 10. m) bra;ahky; bra;j cjtp
,aw;ifiaj; je;j g{kpahfpa ehd; ,d;W 11. M) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
btg;gkpFjpahy; cUfpf; bfhz]oUf;fpd;nwd;. 12. ,) epWj;jw;Fwpfis cupa ,l=;fspy;
gr;ir gl;lhil cLj;jp gRikiaj; je;j ,l;L vGJjy;
vd;id btk;ik vd;Dk; fhl;ony js;sp tpLk; 13. ,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2
kdpj ,dnk ehd; ,y;iy vd;why; eP vg;gog;
g{kpapy; thH;tha; ...- gapw;rpfs;
vy;yh fhy=;fspYk; gUt=;fs; jtwhJ 1. wptpay; khztu;fs; tupirapy; epd;W
m
kiHiaj; je;njd;. eP=;fs; vy;nyhUk; tskha; fz]fhl;rpiaf; fz]ldu;.
thH ey;y epyj;ijj; je;njd;. c=;fSila
Raeyj;jpw;fhf vd; md;g[ kfshk; tskhd 2. 1. mtd; Kd;te;J Twpdhd;.
fhl;il mHpj;J vd;id tWikahf;fp/ mtd;Kd; te;J Twpdhd;.
twl;rpia cz]Lgz;zpaJ Vd;> 2. mtd;jhnd bra;jhd;.
,d;iwa btg;g kpFjpahy; vd; cly; mtd; jhnd bra;jhd;.
NnlWfpwJ. vd;idf; Fspu;tpf;f ntz]oa 3. fj;jpf; bfhz]L te;jhd;.
eP=;fns kPz]Lk; kPz]Lk; ku=;fis fj;jpf;bfhz]L te;jhd;.
btl;Lf;fpd;wPu;fs; vd;W vdf;fhf my;y mz]zd; moj;J tpl;lhd;.
4.
c=;fSf;fhff; nfl;fpnwd;: vg;nghJ xU kuj;ij mz]zd; moj;Jtpl;lhd;.
elg;nghfpd;wPu;fs; mdyhff; bfhjpf;Fk; vd;
cliyf; bfh+;rkhtJ Fspu;tpg;ghah> 3. 1. ,ilf;Fiw
2. cupr;brhw;bwhlu;
8. 1. eilnil
3. tpidj;bjhif
2. gazr;rPl;L Ma;tu;
4. tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
3. ,Ug;g[g;ghij
5. Ek; je;ij vd;gjd; kqc
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6. vz;Qk;ik Mw;W ePiur; nrfupf;f kwe;njhk;. Mdhy;

7. gz;g[j;bjhif Mw;W kziyf; bfhs;isaof;f Jzpe;njhk;.
8. bjhHpw;bgau; kuk; tsu;f;f kwe;njhk;. kuk; btl;lj;
9. ,lthF bgau; Jzpe;njhk;. fhf;if FUtp v=;fs; $hjp vd;whd;
ghujp. Mdhy; ,d;W kiHa[k; kuKk; ,y;yhjjhy;
4. 1. je;jdd; ? jh(j)+j;(e;)+j;+md;+md; Vjpypaha; fhf;if FUtpfs; v=;nfh nghapd>
jh ? gFjp/ (j) vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk;/
j; ? tpidbar;r tpFjp/ j; ? ,we;jfhy 8. 1. vd;Dila ek;gpf;if KGtJnk
,ilepiy/ md; ? rhupia/ md; ? g[jpaj; jiyKiw kPJjhd;" mtu;fs;
glu;f;if Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp vy;yhg; gpur;rpidfisa[k; xU
2. bghype;jhd; ? bghyp + j;(e;) + j; + Md; rp=;fj;ijg; nghy vjpu;bfhz;Lj;
bghyp ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ jPu;g;ghu;fs;.
tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ 2.
vj;jid Kiw eP kw;wtu;fs; Kd;ndwpr;
Md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp.
bry;tjidf; fz;L xd;Wk; bra;tjwpahJ
5. 1. mU=;fhdk; = mUik + fhdk; ek;gpf;ifapd;wpj; Jd;g[Wtha;. epiwa
`<W nghjy;~ vd;w tpjpg;go ik bfl;L/ jd;dk;gpf;iff; bfhs;.
`,dkpfy;~ vd;w tpjpg;go `=;~ njhd;wp 3. ek; thH;f;ifapd; juk; ekJ ftdj;jpd;
mU + fhdk; = mU=;fhdk;. juj;ijg; bghWj;jpUf;fpwJ. g[j;jfk;
2. bry;yplj;J = bry; + ,lj;J gof; F k; bghGJ Tu; e j
; f; ftdk;
`jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; mwpitg; bgWtjw;Fk; tsu;g;gjw;Fkhd
,ul;Lk;~ vd;w tpjpg;go/ bry; + y; + mog;gilj; njitahFk;.
,lj;J vd;whfpaJ. 4. khztu;fs; bgw;nwhu;fisj; jkJ
cly; nky; capu; te;J xd;Wtnj ez;gu;fshfg; ghtpj;J el;g[f; bfhs;s
,ay;g[ vd;w tpjpg;go/ y; + , = yp = ntz;Lk;. jkJ ,d;g Jd;g=;fisg;
bry;yplj;J vd;W g[zu;e;jJ. bgw;nwhu;fSld; gfpu;e;Jf; bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;.
6. fy;tp vd;gJ kdpj tsu;r;rp mog;gilapy;
xd;W. mJnt ,WjpahdJ. MapDk; mJ 5. MrpupaUf;Ff; fPH;g;gojy; vd;Dk;
KothdJ md;W. fy;tp vd;gJ kdpjDila Fzk;/ cz;ikahdtw;iwj; bjupe;Jf;
mog;gil cupik. ,J kf;fspd; bghUshjhuk; bfhz;L/ mwpahikapid mfw;wpg; gy
r@fk; kw;Wk; murpay; rhu;e;j JiwfspDila ey;ydtw;iwf; fw;W bfhLf;Fk;.
fjt[fisj; jpwf;f cjt[k; jpwt[nfhy;. ,J
ntiytha;g;g[fisa[k;/ tUkhdj;ija[k; 9.
cau;j;JfpwJ. kdpjDila thH;ifapy; ey;y ``,ize;j cwt[k;~~ ``frpe;j fz;zPUk;~~
tha;g;g[fisg; gw;wp bghUshjhu ty;Yeu;fs; ntu;fis tpGJfs; re;jpf;Fk; tpHh

tpupthf Ma;e;Js;sdu;. kf;fSf;F fy;tpawpt[ btspehLfspy; gpupe;J thGk; cwtpdu;fs; 25 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF re;jpf;Fk; epfH;t[
tH=;FtJ rpwe;j Fwpf;nfhshFk;. mJ ve;j ehs; : 05.05.2019 ,lk;: md;g[efu;/ ciwa{u;/ jpUr;rp.
tpjkhd bghUs; kjpg;iga[k; jpUg;gp mspf;fhJ. epfH;t[
j=;fnty; ? bghd;dk;khs; mtu;fspd; kfd;fs;/
7. tpHpg;g[zu;t[ ciu: kfs;fs;/ ngud;fs;/ ngj;jpfs;/ bfhs;Sg;ngud;fs;/
,aw;ifapd; bfhilahk; kiHePiu ehk; bfhs;Sg;ngj;jpfs; re;jpj;J thH;j;Jg; bgwy;
nrfupf;fhky; tpLfpnwhk;. kiH ePu; nrfupg;g[g; xU=;fpizg;ghsu;
gFjpfspy; gs;sp/ fy;Y}up/ bjhHpw;rhiyfs; vd bry;tp. fz;kzp
vj;jidnah fl;ol=;fs; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. j=;fnty; ? bghd;dk;khs; mtu;fspd; bfhs;Sg;ngj;jp
tpz;zpypUe;J g[wg;gl;L kz;zpy; j=;fyhk; midtUk; tUf-
cUFJ be+;rk;- bgUFJ fz;zPu;--
vd te;j kiH tPzhff; flypy; fyf;fpwJ.
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84 SURYA jkpH;
10. bra;tnjh neW khW ,ay; 4

bjhHpnyh ntW ntW
bjhe;junth gy E}W gyt[s; bjhpf.
MFnkh ey;y MW 1. ,) ,irf;fUtp
jFnkh nju;e;J ghU. 2. M) fhtpak;]
3. <)
tpz]/ tpz]btspapy; cs;s btz]
11. 1. Fkuid tPl;oy; ghu;j;njd;.
kjp/ br=;fjpu;/ Kfpy; midj;Jk; ntW
2. khwdpd; ngr;Rj;jpwid ahuhy; bty;y ntW
Koa[k;.
4. ,) fLf;fha;
3. nghl;oapy; btw;wp bgw;wjw;fhf fiyr;
bry;tpf;Fg; ghuhl;Lfs; Ftpe;jd. 5. M) fzpjk;
4. fhiyapy; vGe;J goj;jhy; ekf;F 6. M) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2]
ed;ik Vw;gLk;. gapw;rpfs;
5. midtiua[k; md;g[ld;
miHj;jtDf;Fj; Jd;gk; ju ahUf;F 1. 1. jfspaha; 2. J}wypy;
kdk; tUk;> 3. ,y;yhu; 4. fha;fpwJ
6. rhd;nwhUf;F kjpg;g[f; bfhLj;J 5. fha;e;jpl
thH;e;jhy; cauyhk;. 2. 1. fw;gtu;
12. 1. jpwd; ngrpapy; ,iza nritia 2. fw;whiu
mjpfkhf gad;gLj;JtJ. 3. ,ay;ghFk;
4. kjpg;g[k;
bjhiy J}uk; bry;tjw;F kfpH;t{u;jp
5. bgupau;
gad;gLj;JtJ.
ez;gu;fSld; cztfj;jpy; czt[r; 3. 1.miybad vGe;J xyp baGg;gp
bryt[fs;. Mu;g;gupf;Fk; bgU=; fly;.
mjpfkhf jpiug;glk; ghu;f;Fk; 2.xsptPrpf; Tu;ikbahU vjpupia tPH;j;j
bryt[fs; gspr;rpLk; nte;jd; ths;.
2. ehDk; ntiyf;Fr; bry;y 3.bey;Yf;F ,iuj;j ePu; tha;f;fhy;
Kw;gLntd;. tHpnaho
ehnd jhj;jh ghl;oia kUj;Jt g[y;Yf;Fk; M=;nf bghrpa[khk; ?
kidf;F miHj;Jr; bry;ntd;. bjhy;Yyfpy;
tPl;oy; rikay;/ Jzp Jitj;jy;/ ey;yhu;
fha;fwp th=;fp tUjy;/ tPl;od; cl;g[wk; xUtu; csnuy; mtu;bghUl;L
Rj;jk; bra;jy; nghd;w ntiyfspy; vy;yhu;f;Fk; bga;a[k; kiH.
g=;bfLg;ngd;.
4. kzk;jUk; g{tpy; RitjUk; ,dpa
13. 1. nfhgk; mKj bkDk; njd;.
2. bjg;gk; 5. ,aw;ifj; jha; cte;J mspj;j
3. ghJfhg;g[ kwf;f btz;zh kuk;.
4. bry;tk;
4. 1. tpidj;bjhif
14. 1. Xa;tiw 2. <Wbfl;l vjpu;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
2. rpw;wPif 3. vz;Qk;ik
3. btspnaWjy; 4. ,irepiw msbgil
4. rpw;Wzt[
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5. 1. vj;jpir ? v + jpir fy;tpapd; fhuzkhf fhty;Jiw mjpfhup

`,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; Mfyhk;.
frjg kpFk;~ vd;w tpjpg;go `j;~ njhd;wp fy;tp fw;gjhy; kUj;Jtu; Mfyhk;.
vj;jpir fy;tp xUtiu ey;yhrpupadhf;Fk;.
fy;tpna xUtu;f;Fg; bgUik nru;f;Fk;.
6. 1. ek; khepyk; ,e;j Mz;L twl;rpahy; fy;tp fw;wtiuna cyfk; nghw;Wk;.
ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
9. 1.
gyifahy; Md nkirapy; czt[
2. v=;fs; Cupy; E}yff; fl;olk; fl;l
cz;ldu;.
muR epjp xJf;fpaJ.
gy iffs; xd;wpize;J btw;wpiaj;
3. mu=;fd; btz;fyg; ghj;jpuf;fil jkjhf;fpd.
itj;jpUf;fpwhu;.
2. jlhfj;jpy; jhkiu kyu;e;jpUe;jd.
4. thdk; ghu;j;j g{kpapy; gaW tiffs; jht[fpd;w khid(kiu)g; gpof;f
gapuplg;gLfpd;wd. KoahJ.
5. Ig;grp mil kiHapy; CUzp 3. nfhtpypy; FlKGf;F ele;njwpaJ.
epiwe;jJ. nfh + ,y;/ murdpd; ciwtplk;.
6. ,d;W khiy fgo nghl;o eilbgWk;. 4. bt=;fhak; kUj;Jt Fzk; epiwe;jJ.
7. ,e;jpa ehl;oy; E}yf trjpfspd; bt=] + fhak; nghupdhy; cz;lhdJ.
gw;whf;Fiwahy; fy;tp kw;Wk; r@f njitfspy; 5.
gs;sp Mz;L tpHhtpw;Fj; jiyik
,e;jpahtpd; epiyg;ghL ru;tnjr mu=;fpy; Mrpupau; jiyik jh=;fpdhu;.
kw;w ehLfisf; fhl;oYk; Fiwe;nj cs;sJ. jiyapy; ik mog;gJ gHf;fkhfp
,e;j tp&aj;jpy; ,e;jpah/ rpy bghJt[ilik tpl;lJ.
ehLfs; kw;Wk; M=;fpyf; Fonaw;w ehLfnshL
vjpu;kiwahf xg;gplg;gLfpwJ. bgupa mstpy;
10. 1. ,Uf;ifia mtUf;Ff; bfhLg;ngd;.
2. ,Ug;gij gfpu;e;J cz;ngd;.
xnu xU bghJ E}yfj;jij kl;Lnk ,e;jpah
itj;jpUf;fpwJ. nkYk;/ mJ jiyefuj;jpd; 3. rpWkpia bgw;nwhuplk; xg;gilg;ngd;.
njitia epiwt[ bra;a nghJkhdjhf 11. 1. tUif
,y;iy. ,=;F xU rpy efu=;fs; kl;Lnk E} 2. flt[r;rPl;L
yfj;jhy; bgUik mila ,aYk;. fpuhkg;g[w 3. g[wg;ghL
kf;fs; Kw;wpYkhf g[wf;fzpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;. 4. EiHt[ ,irt[
mtu;fis gadilar; bra;tjw;F rpy gpd; 5. Cu;jpg;gl;il
j=;fpa ehLfspy; cs;sijtpl E}yf=;fs; VJk; 6. cs;ehl;L thD}u;jp
,=;F ,y;iy.
7. thD}u;jp fpsk;g[jy;
,e;jpahtpy; E}yf=;fspd; tsu;r;rp *****
jhkjkhfnt cs;sJ. gpd;dhspy; gs;spfspd;
vz;zpf;ifapy; Vw;wk; ,Ue;jhYk;/ vGj;jwptpy; ,ay; 5
gpd;j=;fpna ,Uf;f neupLk;. ,e;jpahtpy; gyt[s; bjhpf.
bgUkst[ kf;fSf;Fg; g[j;jf=;fs;/ thu ,jH;fs;/ 1. <) m/ M/ , midj;Jk;
gj;jpupf;iffs; th=;Ftjw;F tHp ,y;iy 2. <) Tw;W rup fhuzk; rup
kw;Wk; nghJkhd bghJ E}yf=;fs;/ thrpg;g[ 3. ,) 4/ 1/ 2/ 3
miw/ ,y;yhikahy; bgUk;ghyhdtu;fSf;F 4. ,) Kuz;gz;g[
thrpf;Fk; gHf;fnk ,y;yhky; nghfpwJ. 5. ,) eha;
8. fy;tp xUtiu mwptpdhy; nkijahf;Fk;. 6. ,) fhl;rp
fy;tp fw;why; ePjpauru Mfyhk;. 7. M) tpidg;gokk;
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86 SURYA jkpH;
8. m) Tw;W rup/ fhuzk; jtW 2. xUika[ld; ? xUik + cld;
9. ,) ghrpkzpf; fz;Qk; rptg;g[f; nfhl;Lf; , < I tHp at;t[k;~
fGj;J `cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ
gapw;rpfs; ,ay;ng~ (a; + c = a[) xUik + a; +
cld; ? xUika[ld;.
1. 1. ctikj;bjhif 3. g{k;ghtha; ? g{ + tha;
2. <Wbfl;l vjpu;kiwg; bgabur;rk; `,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd;
3. tpidj;bjhif frjg kpFk;~ vd;w tpjpg;go/ `j;~ njhd;wp
4. cupr;brhw;bwhlu; g{k;ghtha;.
5. gz;g[j;bjhif
4. bgU=;fly; ? bgUik + fly;
6. bra;a[spir msbgil
`<Wnghjy;~ vd;w tpjpg;go/ ik bfl;L
7. brhy;ypir msbgil
`,dkpfy;~ vd;w tpjpg;go/ f?t[f;F
2. 1. epidf;fpd;w = epid + f; + fpd;W + m ,dkhd `=~ njhd;wp/ bgU + fly;
epid ? gFjp/ f; ? re;jp/fpd;W ? epfH;fhy bgU=;fly;.
,ilepiy/ m ? bgabur;r tpFjp.
4. bgupahu; r@f rPuj
; pUj;jthjp kl;Lky;yhky;/
2. itj;J = it + j; + j; + c mija[k; jhz;o mtuplk; gy rpwg;g[fs;
it ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; ? ,we;jfhy cs;sd. mtu; gpw;gLj;jg;gl;nlhu;fSf;fhfg;
,ilepiy/ c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp. nghuho btw;wp fz;ltu;. mJkl;Lky;yhky;
3. ngRthu; = ngR + t; + Mu; mtUila bray;fs; bjhiynehf;Fg;
ngR ? gFjp/ t; ? vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy ghu; i t cilaJ. ve; j g; gpur; r pidf;Fk; mtu;
Mu; ? gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp. Tf;Fuy; bfhLj;jhu;. mjid Muha;e;J g[upe;j
gpd; mjw;fhd epue;ju jPu;ita[k; fz;Lgpoj;J
4. fz;lhd; = fhz;(fz;) + l; + Md; epiwntw;wpdhu;. bgupahu; mtu;fspd; tUiff;F
fhz; ? gFjp/ (fz; vdf; FWfpaJ Kd;du; rhjpfSf;F ,ilna ntw;Wik ek; r@
tpfhuk;)/ l; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ fj;jpy; gutp ,Ue;jJ.
5. ciHj;J cHt[ bra;j
5. mku;e;jhd; = mku; + j;(e;) + j; + Md;
cg;igbay;yhk;
mku; ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ
tz;oapy; g{l;o vUnjhL tzpfu;fs;
tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/
thH tHp fz;L
cg;g[f;F khw;whf bey;iyg; bgw
6. bra;j = bra; + j; + m jd; kfspnuhL cs;ehl;Lr; re;ijf;Fr;
bra; ? gFjp/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ bry;fpd;w fhl;rp
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp. tzpfu;fspd; tPjpcyhnghy;
7. rhw;wp = rhw;W + , fhl;rp jUfpwJ
rhw;W ? gFjp/ , ? tpidbar;r tpFjp.
6. 1.
,g;bghGJ vdf;Fg; g[upe;Jtpl;lJ.
3. 1. cs;bshd;W ? cs; + xd;W ePa[k; g[upe;Jbfhs;.
`jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; 2. epyj;ij cGjhy;jhd; tapW epiwa[k;.
,ul;Lk;~ 3.
md;W mtDf;Fg; gzk; bfhLj;J
`cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ cjtpapUf;f ntz;oaJjhd;.
,ay;ng~ vd;w tpjpg;go (s; + x = 4.
tPl;Lf;F mUfpy; tpisahof;
bsh) cs;s; + xd;W ? cs;bshd;W bfhz;oUe;j FHe;ijia mg;gh v=;F
miHj;Jf;bfhz;L nghdhu;.
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5. gps;isf;F cly;epiy rupapy;iy. 3. m) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2

@d;W ehl;fshf Jd;gg;gLfpwJ. 4. <) fhl;rp kiwt[
6. ,ut[ rpj;jg;ghit fhtYf;Fg; nghfr; 5. M) kapiy ehju;]
brhy;. 6. m) Tw;W 1 rup/ Tw;W 2 jtW
7. m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1]
7. 1. Ky;iy/ 2. tPL / 3. ,o/ 4. bjd;wy;/ 8. m) tpUj;jg;gh ? ehyoahu;
5. kiH 9. M) cUt[fz]L vs;shik ntz]Lk;
cUs;bgUe;nju;f;F
8. ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lit mr;rhzp md;dhu; cilj;J.
r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs;. mit ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.
10. M) brd;w ,lj;jhy; brytplh jPJxhP,
xd;W vl;Lj;bjhif. kw;bwhd;W gj;Jg;ghl;L.
ed;wpd;ghy; ca;g;gJ mwpt[.
vl;Lj;bjhif vd @d;W tifahfg; gpupf;fg;
gLfpwJ. mfk; rhu;e;j ,yf;fpa=;fs; Ie;J: 11. ,) ey;ypdj;jpd; C=;Fk; Jizapy;iy
ew;wpiz/ FWe;bjhif/ I=;FWE}W/ mfehD} jPapdj;jpd;
W/ fypj;bjhif. g[wk; rhu;e;j E}y;fs;: g[wehD} my;yy; gLg;gJ}ck; ,y;
W/ gjpw;Wg;gj;J. mfKk; g[wKk; rhu;e;j E}y; 12. <) jPapdj;jhu;]
gupghly; MFk;. gj;Jg;ghl;L mfk;/ g[wk; vd 13. M) kd cWjpa[ilatu;]
,uz;L tifahfg; gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mfk; 14. ,) J}Jtu;]
rhu;;e;j E}y;fs;: Fwp+;rpg;ghl;L/ Ky;iyg;ghl;L/ 15. <) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1]
beLey;thil/ gl;odg;ghiy. g[wk; rhu;e;j 16. m) tug;nghtij Kd;dnu mwpe;J fhj;Jf;
E}y;fs;: kJiuf; fh+;rp/ jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil/ bfhs;s Toatu;
bghUeuhw;Wg;gil/ bgUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil/ 17. M) brhy;tJ ? brhy;ypago bra;tJ
rpWghzhw;Wg;gil/ Tj;juhw;Wg;gil. gapw;rpfs;
,tw;Ws; Mw;Wg;gil E}y;fs; Ie;J MFk;.
1. 1. gz;g[j;bjhif
9. muR bfhLf;Fk; Cjpak; thH;t[f;Fg; 2. vz;Qk;ik
nghJkh> mjw;Fs; thH;f;if elj;j Koa[kh> 3. bjhHpw;bgau;fs;
vd;W mtu; rpe;jpj;jJ fpilahJ. rpe;jpf;f
Kad;wJk; fpilahJ. vy;yhk; bgha;j;njhw;wk;. 2. 1. bjhGjdu; = bjhG + j; + md; + mu;
cs;Au epw;Fk; capu; khRgltpy;iy. jhd; bjhG ? gFjp/ j; ? ,we;jfhy
ntW njhw;wk; ntW. jhd; ,e;j cyfj;ij ,ilepiy/ md; ? rhupia/ mu; ?
Ml;oitf;Fk; rf;jpapd; xU totk; vd;W glu;f;ifg; gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp.
jplkhf ek;gpapUe;jhu;. Vbdd;why;/ mtuJ capu; 2. eif = eF + I
milahsj;ijr; nrhjidg; nghl;Lg; ghu;f;f
eF ? gFjp/ (eif MdJ tpfhuk;)/
,Jtiu bja;tj;Jf;nfh/ kdpjDf;nfh neuk;
I ? bjhHpw;bgau; tpFjp
fpilj;jjpy;iy. kdpj tu;f;fk; KGtJnk
jd;idg; gilj;jtDila jd;ikiag; g[lk; 3. btFsp = btFs; + ,
nghl;Lg; ghu;g;gJ nghy jtWf;F nky; jtW btFs; ? gFjp/ , ? bjhHpw;bgau; tpFjp.
bra;J bfhz;oUe;jJ. 4. kUl;if = kUs; + if
kUs; ? gFjp (`s;~ `l;~ MdJ tpfhuk;)
10. 1. Miza[Wjp Mtzk; if ? bjhHpw;bgau; tpFjp.
2. mjpfhu vy;iy/ 3. rhl;Liu
4. thjp/ 5. jz;lid 3. 1. jiyf;nfhy; ? jiy + nfhy;
,ay; 6 ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd;
frjg kpFk; jiyf;nfhy;.
gyt[s; bjhpf.
1. ,) epiwFlk; ePu;jGk;gy; ,y; 4. ,e;jpahtpy; jkpHfk; fyhr;rhuj;
2. <) 1?rup/ 2?rup jiyefukhfj; jpfH;fpwJ. jkpH;ehL
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88 SURYA jkpH;
gpuk;khz;lkhd nfhtpy;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; 2. rUF tpGe;jJk; kz;zpy; cs;s

fl;llf;fiyfSf;Fk; g[fH;bgw;wJ. Fwpg;ghf/ J}Rfs; miyahf te;jJ.
j+;rht{u; Xtpa=;fs; nrhH tk;rj;jpd; 3. tpz]kPd;fs; thdj;jpy; xspu;e;J
fyhr;rhu=;fisa[k; gz;ila j+;rht{upd; bfhz;oUe;jnghJ vup fw;fs; tpGe;jJ.
ghuk;gupa fiy/ Xtpa=;fs; kw;Wk; g[dpj 4. Fjpiu nghy; thH;f;if ntfkhf XL"
bja;t=;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;Fg; bgau; bgw;wJ. Mdhy; Fu=;Fnghy kuf;fpisapy;
bja;t=;fspd; cUt=;fs; fz;zhoj; Jz;Lfs; jhtpj;jhtp Xlhnj.
Xtpa=;fs;/ Kj;Jf;fs;/ tpiy cau;e;j fw;fs; 5. FHe;ij elg;gJ jspu;eil"
kw;Wk; j=;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; gy tz;z=;fspy; tpGtjw;FKd; bgupnahu; ghJfhg;ghf
bghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. etPd fhyj;jpy; j+;rht{u; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
Xtpa=;fs; kdpj cUt=;fs;/ tpy=;Ffs;/ 6. jpiug;glk; fhz;ifapy;
jhtu=;fs; kw;Wk; gwitfs; ? cUt=;fs; ifj;jl;ly;fs; kf;fsplkpUe;J te;jJ.
bfhz;ljhfg; g[jpa gupzhkk; bgw;Ws;sd.
9. 1. rpiy totk; gpof;Fk;. capu;g;g[s;sjhf
5. 1. FkuDf;Fj; 2. mizapd; ,Ug;gjhy;.
3. ahuhy; 4. ntfkhfr; 5. njitapd; 2. ngr;Rf;fiy
3. \hu;nkhdpak;
6. 1. nghu;f;fsj;jpy; g[z]gl;l
4. cz]L. cs;ehl;L/ btspehl;Lg;
tPuu;fSf;Ff; fyj;jpy; ePu; jug;gl;lJ.
giHa g[jpa ehza=;fs;
2. Mw;wpd; tyg;g[wk; cs;s tay;fs; 5. bghd;bkhHp Fwpg;ngL cz]L.
ePu;tsj;jhy; brHpj;jpUe;jd. ``,Ul;liwapy; cs;sjlh cyfk;. rhjp
3. g[y; jiuapy; g[l;fs; (g[s;fs;) Tl;lk; ,Uf;fpd;w bjd;ghDk; ,Uf;fpd;whnd
mku;e;J tpisahod. (r@f ePjp)
4. jdJ Kjyhspf;fhf ciHf;Fk; 6. ehl;Fwpg;g[ vGJntd;. vd; be+;irj;
Fjpiuapd; cis (gplup kapu;) kpft[k; bjhl;l epfH;t[fis vGJntd;.
mHfhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
10. 1. ftpd; fiy+u;
5. fhdfj;jpy; thGk; tpy=;Ffisf; fhz]
2. xyp tpist[
gJ kfpH;r;rp juf;ToaJ.
3. xspg;gjpt[
6. Cz] ? Cd; 4. bra;jpg;glk;
Cz] (khkprk;) czit cz]L
5. ,a=;Fglk;
Cid (cliy) tsu;g;gJ ghtk;.
6. xU=;fpize;j jpiuau=;f tshfk;
7. jpd;ik ? jpz]ik
jpz]ik (typik) bfhz]l xUtd; ,ay; 7
vspatUf;F jpd;ik (jPik) bra;jy; gyt[s; bjhpf.
kwkhfhJ.
1. M) nrhHd; ey=;fps;spia ? nfht{u;fpHhu;
7. cd;id ePna cw;Wg;ghu; 2. <) midj;ija[k;
eP xU epyh/ 3. M) Tw;W 1/ 2 rup]
Tu;ikahd Kl;fs; 4. ,) tsu;e;j
@oapUf;fpd;wJ cd;id 5. m) jdf;Fg; gad;gLk;/ gpwUf;Fg;
mitfis tpyf;fp tpl;Lg;ghu; gad;glhJ.
cd;id Rthrk; bra;a 6. M) tajpy; rpwpats;/ MdhYk; jiytp
ee;jtdkha; ehd; 7. <) tps=;fhj fUj;Jfisg; gHbkhHpapd;
@yk; tpsf;FtJ.
8. 1. thdj;jpy; gwg;nghk;. gwe;J epyitj; 8. M) g[Jikg;gpj;jd;
bjhLnthk;. 9. m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1]
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gapw;rpfs; 42tJ brd;idg; g[j;jff; fhl;rp ee;jdk;

xa;vk;rpV clw;fy;tpapay; fy;Y}up tshfj;jpy;
1. 1. tpidj;bjhif 2019 $dtup 4 Kjy; eilbgw cs;sJ.
2. bgabur;rk; midj;J tajpdUk; bfhz;lhLk; Mde;jj;
3. <Wbfl;l vjpu;kiwg; bgabur;rk; jpUtpHh. 800 mu=;Ffs;/ 20/00/000. thrfu;fs;.
30/00/000/ ghu;itahsu;fs; g=;FbgWk;
2. 1. mwpe;J = mwp + j;(e;) + j; + c mwpt[j;jpHtpHh. EiHt[f; fl;lzk; qgha; 10'?
mwp ? gFjp / j;(e;) ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ kl;Lnk. eP=;fs; th=;Fk; g[j;jfj;jpw;F 10% fHpt[
tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ c ? cz;L. thU=;fs; g[j;jf=;fis thrpg;nghk;-
tpidbar;r tpFjp thH;f;ifia nerpg;nghk;...--
2. mWj;J = mW + j; + j; + c tpHh Vw;ghL :
mW ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; ? ,we;jfhy bjd;dpe;jpa g[j;jf tpw;gidahsu;fs; kw;Wk;
,ilepiy/ c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp. gjpg;ghsu;fs; r=;fk;.
3. Ik;gJ taJ kjpf;fj;jf;f xU bts;isf;fhu 5.
1. xU gpur;rpidapy; bjspthd ey;y
bgz;kzp xU fUg;g[ epw (ePf;nuh) kdpjd; KobtLf;f ntz;Lbkd;why;
mUnf mku;e;jpUe;jhs;. ,jdhy; btWg;g[w;w Kjypy; czu;r;rptrg;glhky; `Mu
mts;/ tpkhd gzpg;bgz;iz miHj;J/ jkf;F mku~ nahrpj;J KobtLf;f ntz;Lk;.
ntW ,Uf;if ntz;Lk; vd Kiwapl;lhs;. 2.
v=;fs; jkpHhrpupia elj;jpa FwpaPl;L
Vwf;Fiwa vy;yh ,Uf;iffSk; epuk;gptpl;ld. ,yf;fzk; vd; kdjpy; `Mzp moj;jhw;
ntW VnjDk; cs;sdth vd ghu;f;fpnwd; nghy~ gjpe;jJ.
vd;W gzpg;bgz; gjpyspj;jhs;. rw;W J}uk;
3.
gpd;tUk; tpist[fis nahrpf;fhky;
brd;w gzpg;bgz; xUrpy tpdhofspy; jpUk;gp
`mfyf;fhy;~ itj;jhy; Jd;gk; neupLk;.
te;J ,uz;lhk; tFg;gpy; ,Uf;iffs; ,y;iy.
Mdhy; Kjy; tFg;gpy; xU ,lk; cs;sJ 4.
nrhHkd;du;fspd; Ml;rp `tHptHpahf~
vd;whs;. me;jg; bgz; tha; jpwf;FKd;/ tpkhd mtUila thupRfns Mz;L te;Js;sdu;.
gzpg;bgz; bjhlu;e;jhs;. 5.
vdf;Fk; vd; jk;gpf;Fk; rz;il
tUk;nghbjy;yhk; jk;gpia
``gf;fj;jpy; mku;e;J gazpg;gJ btWg;ghf
mutizj;Jk;/ vd;id moj;Jk; xU
cs;sJ vd;gij ehDk; btWf;fpnwd;~~ vd;W
`fz;Jilg;g[~ elj;Jthu; vd; jha;.
Twptpl;L me;jf; fUg;gpd ,is+id
nehf;fp/ `Ìah/ c=;fSf;F Kjy; tFg;gpy; 6. 1. thiHj;njhl;lj;jpy; Fapy;fs;
xU ,Uf;if fhj;jpUf;fpwJ~~ vd;W mtid Ttpf;bfhz;Lk; fhf=;fs; fiue;J
miHj;jhs;. ,jidf; fz;l kw;w gazpfs; bfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jd.
vGe;J epd;W mtspd; braiyf; fz;L ifjl;o
2. KUfd; nrhW cz;L ghy; gUfpdhd;.
ghuhl;odhu;fs;. ,jpypUe;J ehk; fw;Wf;bfhs;s
ntz;oa ghlk; vd;dbtd;why;/ Nupad;/ 3. nfhtpe;jd; FoapUf;f Rtu; fl;o Tiu
ngjkpd;wp midtUf;Fk; xsp tPRfpwJ. kiH nta;e;jhd;.
vy;yh ,l=;fspYk; bghHpfpwJ. ,aw;ifna 4. tdtpy=;Ff; fhg;gfj;jpy; rp=;ff;
,t;thW ngjkpd;wp jdJ bfhilfis FUisa[k;/ ahidf; Fl;oa[k;
tH=;Fk; nghJ/ ,dj;ija[k;/ epwj;ija[k; fz;nld;.
kw;Wk; Kfj;ija[k; ghu;j;J rf kdpjid ehk; 5. Ml;Lj; bjhGtj;ijr; Rw;wpYk; vypfs;
btWf;fyhkh> tisfs; mikj;jpUe;jd.
6. gid Xiyahy; Tiu nta;e;jpUe;jdu;.
4. g[j;jff; fz;fhl;rp
? ekJ rpwg;g[ epUgu; ?
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90 SURYA jkpH;
tJk; bgz]zhny mHptJk;
M
7.
``,s=;nfh mofs; rhj;jdhuplk;~~
bgz]zhny my;y
Kd;bra;j tpid epiwntWk; fhyk;
jPikfs; mHptJk; bgz]zhny vd
vd;wPu;fns- mtu;fSila Ke;ija
jpUj;Jnthk;
tpid ahJ> mjd; tpist[ vd;d>
khjuha;g; gpwg;gjw;F ey;y khjtk;
epfH;e;j fhyk; ahJ> mij eP=;fs; bra;jpl ntz]Lk;
mwpe;jpUe;jhy; TWf vdf; nfl;lhu;. vd;W ghoa ftpkzpia tz=;fp
Kof;fpnwhk;.
8. cliyf; Tlhf;fp
cs;sj;ijf; fy;yhf;fp 10. 1. mkUk; ,Uf;ifia ,Gj;jy; TlhJ.
cz;gjw;F cztpd;wp fz]zho $d;diy bkJthf Vw;wp
jd; re;jjpia ,wf;ft[k;.
jhnd ,wfpy; Rke;J
jpd;gz]lk; jpd;W tpl;L cjpupfisf;
mku ,lkpy;yhky; miyfpwJ.
fPnH nghlf; TlhJ.
jhd; behe;J 2. if/ fhy; Rj;jk; bra;j gpd;du;
jd; gps;isiaf; fz;L Myaj;jpw;Fs; EiHjy;.
kdk; behe;J tpg{jp/ F=;Fkk; Rtu;fspy;
kuk;jUk; fdpiaj; jltf;TlhJ.
njo miyfpwJ. tpsf;F tHpghL/ cupa ,lj;jpy;
ku=;fz;L kdkfpH;;e;J tpsf;nfw;wt[k;.
brd;why; kuk; fhfpjk;/ ,iy/ gHj;njhy; tshfj;jpy;
fhdy; ePu;nghy; nghlf;TlhJ.
fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ.
3. tFg;giwapy; fhfpj=;fs; fpHpj;Jg;
beU+;rp Kl;fs;
nghlf; TlhJ.
gr;iraw;w kuj;jpdUnf
,r;iraw;W ,dpnky; tFg;giwapd; cs;ns czt[ mUe;jf;
capu;thH;ntd; vd kha;e;jJ. TlhJ.
nkirfs; kPJk;/ Rtu;fspd; kPJk;
9. ghujp fz]l g[Jikg; bgz]fs; eh=;fs; fpWf;f/ vGjf; TlhJ.
tPl;odpy; milj;J itf;Fk; fpspfsy;y fHptiwfspYk; J}a;ik ngz
eh=;fs; ntz]Lk;.
gps;is bgWk; ,ae;jpu=;fs; my;y eh=;fs; 4. gupnrhjidf;fhf tupirapy; epw;f
tpz]zpy; gazk; bra;jpLnthk; ntz]Lk;.
tpe;ijfs; gy g[upe;jpLnthk; gupnrhjid/ rpfpr;irapd; nghJ
Mly; kl;Lk; MLk; bgz;fsy;y ngRtijj; jtpu;f;ft[k;.
tpisahl;Lf;fspy; tpntfk; fhl;Lk;
kUj;Jtkid cs;ns vr;rpy; kw;Wk;
tPuh=;fidfs;
mRj;jk; bra;af; TlhJ.
fzpjk; mwpah kf;Ffsy;y eh=;fs;
ghu;itahsuhfr; brd;W nehahsp
fzpdpapYk; tpw;gd;du;fs; eh=;fs;
ahiua[k; bjhe;jut[ bra;af;TlhJ.
epjpapYk; ePjpapYk; nkyhz]ik
bgWnthk; ? eh=;fs; 11. 1. gw;W ml;il
tPuh=;fidfshfg; ghJfhg;g[f;Fk; tyk; tUk; 2. nfl;g[ tiunthiy
fhty; bja;t=;fs; eh=;fs; 3. jpUk;gg; bgwy; gotk;
tpkhdpfshfp tpz]zfj;jpy; cyh 4. tpiut[f; fhrhsu;
tUnthk; 5. miyngrp tHp t=;fp Kiw
Ml;rpauhfp mfpyj;jpy; ey;yhl;rp jUnthk; 6. ,izat=;fp Kiw
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,ay; 8 4. ,oe;J = ,o + j;(e;) + j; + c

,o ? gFjp/ j;;(e;) ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ
gyt[s; bjhpf. tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ c
1. ,) jpz;otdk; ? tpidbar;r tpFjp.
2. m) jdpj;jkpH;j; je;ij ? 1. K.tujuhrdhu; 5. <e;j = < + j;(e;) + j; + m
3. <) fpwpj;JtKk; jkpGk; < ? gFjp/ j;(e;) ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ
4. ,) jkJ milahsj;ij tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/
5. M) ey;ypaf; nfhlDk; FkzDk; m ? bgabur;r tpFjp.
6. ,) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2] 5. mku;e;jdd; = mku;+j;(e;)+j;+md;+md;
7. M) Tw;W rup/ fhuzk; rup mku; ? gFjp/ j;;(e;) re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ
8. <) cs;Siw ctik tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/
9. ,) jpl;lk;] md; ? rhupia/ md; Mz;ghy;
10. m) FwpaPL tpidKw;W tpFjp.
gapw;rpfs; 6. jh=;fpa = jh=;F + ,(d;) + a; + m
jh=;F ? gFjp/ ,(d;) ? ,we;jfhy
1. 1. gz;g[j;bjhiffs; ,ilepiy/ a; ? clk;gLbka; re;jp/
2. tpidbar;r=;fs; m ? bgabur;r tpFjp.
3. Kd;dpiyg;gd;ik tpidKw;W
4. Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W 3. 1. Kd;Dil ? Kd; + cil
5. bgabur;r=;fs; jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd;
6. tpidahyiza[k; bgau; ,ul;Lk;
7. mLf;Fj;bjhlu; cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;g[
8. bgabur;r=;fs; vDk; tpjpg;go/ (d; + c = D) Kd;d; +
9. bra;a[spirasbgil cil ? Kd;Dil.
10. cupr;brhy; bjhlu; 2. ViHbad ? ViH + vd
11. MFbgau; `,/</ItHpat;t[k; vDk; tpjpg;go/
12. gz;g[j; bjhiffs; (If;F a; njhd;wp)
13. ctikj;bjhif cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ
14. ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; ,ay;ng vDk; tpjpg;go (a; + v = ba)
cld;bjhf;f bjhif ViH + a; + vd ? ViHbad.
15. bjhHpw;bgau;
3. ed;bkhHp ? ed;ik + bkhHp
16.; tpidj;bjhif
<Wnghjy; vd;w tpjpg;go ik bfl;L
2. 1. gifj;j = gif + j; + j; + m ed; + bkhHp ? ed;bkhHp
gif ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; ? ,we;jfhy 4. cuDil ? cud; + cil
,ilepiy/ m ? bgabur;r tpFjp. `cly;nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ
,ay;ng~ vd;w tpjpg;go (d; + c = D)
2. fise;J = fis + j;(e;) + j; + c
cuDil.
fis ? gFjp/ j;; ? re;jp/ j; è;~ MdJ
tpfhuk;/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ 4. ehd; bgupatu;fis kjpg;gJ/ gpwiur;
c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp. re;jpf;Fk; nghJ tzf;fk; bjuptpg;gJ/ mtu;fs;
3. gHpj;jdu; = gHp + j; + j; + md; + mu; g[wg;gLk; rkaj;jpy; ed;wp brYj;JtJ nghd;w
gHp ? gFjp/ j; ? re;jp/ j; ? ,we;jfhy ey;y gHf;f=;fs; vd;dplk; ,Ug;gij cWjpahfr;
,ilepiy/ md; ? rhupia/ mu; ? brhy;ntd;. ,J jtpu/ rl;lj;ijf; ftdpj;jy;/
gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp. ViH kw;Wk; moj;jl;L kf;fSf;Fr; nrit g[upjy;/
nehahspfSf;Fj; njitahd cjtpfisr;
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92 SURYA jkpH;
bra;jy;/ tPlw;wtu;fSf;Fj; j=;Fkplk; uhkrhkp : filrpg; gf;fj;ijg; g[ul;og; ghu;j;J

mikj;Jj; jUjy;/ khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSf;F cd;dplk; ,d;Dk; vj;jidg;
,ad;w cjtp bra;jy; nghd;w kw;w rpy ey;y gf;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;whd;.
gHf;f=;fSk; vd;dplk; cs;sJ. xU mikjpahd bry;iyah : ,d;Dk; ,uz;L gf;f=;fs;
thH;f;ifia nkw;bfhs;s ehd; nkYk; rpy ey;y ,Uf;fpwJ. cd;dplk; vj;jidg;
gHf;f=;fis tsu;j;Jf; bfhs;fpnwd;/ ghly; gf;fk; cs;sJ>
nfl;fpnwd;/ eldk; MLfpnwd;/ vGJfpnwd;/ uhkrhkp : ,Jjhd; vdJ filrpg; gf;fk;.
,iria urpf;fpnwd;. ,Jnghd;w gHf;f=;fshy; bry;iyah : X... mg;g ehd;jhd; b$apr;nrd;...
vd; Md;khtpd; njitfs; g{u;j;jpahfpd;wd.
6. 1. FLk;gk; vd;w brhy; Kjd;Kjypy;
5. ve;j E}ypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ>
uhkrhkp : vd;dplk; rpy;f; rl;il ,Uf;nf-
2. eLtz; muR ve;j Mz;L njrpa
cdf;F ,Uf;fh>
nguplu; nkyhz;ik Mizaj;ij
bry;iyah : ... tpHpj;jhd;. mikj;jJ>
uhkrhkp : cd;dplk; ,Uf;fh> 3. rhiyfspy; nghf;Ftuj;jpidr; rPu;
jk;igah : ... Mfhaj;ijg; ghu;j;J nahrid bra;at[k; ghJfhg;ghfg; gazpf;f
bra;jhd;. cjt[tJ vJ>
uhkrhkp : cdf;F ,Uf;fh> 4. bjd;dpe;jpahtpy; Kjy; bjhlu;tz;o
k=;fk;khs; : ... @f;fpd; nky; tpuy; itj;jhs;. epiyak; v=;F vg;nghJ mikf;fg;
fz;iz nyrhf gl;lJ.
@of;bfhz;lhs;. 5. Mtzg;glk; vd;W vijr; rpupnahu;rd;
uhkrhkp : Vd; @d;W ngUk; gjpy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;>
brhy;ytpy;iy vd; nfs;tpf;F>
@tUk; : .... gjpy; ,y;iy. 7. th th vd; njtijna
bghd; tha; ngRk; jhuifna
(kw;w gps;isfs; uhkrhkpapd;
bgha; thH;tpd; g{uznk
nfs;tpf;F @tUk; vd;d
bgz; g{nt th......
gjpy; brhy;yg; nghfpwhu;fs;
thd; kpjf;Fk;...... fz;fSf;F......
vd;W vjpu;ghu;j;jdu;. md;W
gs;spf;Tlj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;nghnj kapy; ,wfhy; ikaplth
uhkrhkpf;Fk; bry;iyaht[f;Fk; khu; cijf;Fk;..... fhy;fSf;F......
xU nghl;o te;jJ.) kzp bfhYR ehd; ,lth......
uhkrhkp : vd;dplk; ,e;jpa njrpa rupj;jpug; 8. 1. bjhiyngrpapy; ngrpf; bfhz;nl
g[j;jfk; cs;sJ/ cd;dplk; Xl;Ljy;.
cs;sjh>
2. KjYjtp bra;jgpd; thfdj;jpy;
bry;iyah : vd;dplk; rptpf;!; g[j;jfk; cs;sJ. bry;Yk; nghJ/ ngrf;TlhJ vd;W
uhkrhkp : rup guthapy;iy/ nghl;oia mwpt[iu TWntd;.
Muk;gpf;fyhkh> 3. ,Urf;fu thfdj;jpy; @tu; bry;Yjy;.
bry;iyah : rup. 4. KjYjtp bra;jgpd; ,Urf;fu thfdk;
(,UtUk; xt;bthU gf;fkhfg; ,UtUf;nf vd mwpt[Wj;jy;.
g[ul;Lfpwhu;fs;. ,ilapilna
tiuglk; cs;sjh/ glk; cs;sjh 9. 1. ik bghjp 4. nfhg;g[
vd;w nghl;o tpiuthf ele;jJ. 2. fk;gp ijg;g[f; fUtp 5. ,Git Kj;jpiu
MSf;F xU gf;fk; gf;fkhfg; 3. kog;g[j;jhs;; 6. mHpg;ghd;
g[ul;l nghl;oj; bjhlu;e;jJ) *****

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rp. $hz; @ khlrhkp/ M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil. nf.Mu;. k+;Rsh

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murpd; cah;rpe;jidf;F Vw;gt[k;/ khzth;fspd; gilg;ghw;wiy

50?f;Fk; nkw;gl;l jiyg;g[fspy; gapw;rpa[ld; Toa tpilfnshL

nghd;w vz;zw;w jiyg;g[fspy; vspjhf fw;W vGjpg; gHfp gapw;rp

,e;j bkhHp gapw;rp g[j;jfk; eP=;fs; th=;Fk; ,sikj; jkpH;

mwpit tpupt[ bra;

+kyp ? eha; bthP,a ? m+;rpa

fij khe;ju;fs; (Jizg;ghlk;)

,ay; 2 : Kjy;fy; ? cj;jknrhHd;

2. fpzw;Wj; jtis nghy ?

3. vypa[k; g{ida[k; nghy ?

4. mr;rhzp ,y;yhj nju; nghy ?

5. cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy ?

8. me;jhjpj; bjhluhy; ftpj;Jtkhf;Ff.

11. fiyr;brhy;yhf;fk; jUf.

3. g[zu;r;rp tpjp vGJf.

4. bkhHpg; bgau;g;g[g; gFjpiag; goj;J/ ,UgJ M=;fpyr; brhw;fisa[k; mjd; jkpHhf;fj;ija[k;

9. fPH;f;fhQk; g[Jf;ftpijf;Fg; bghUe;Jk; jpUf;Fwis vGJf.

10. itafKk; thdfKk; Mw;wyupJ ? vjw;F>

5. g[zu;r;rp tpjp vGJf.

4. khztu;fs; bgw;nwhu;fis jkJ ez;gu;fshf ghtpj;J el;g[f; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. jkJ

9.fPH;f;fhQk; gFjpiag; goj;J mwptpg;g[g; gyiff;fhd bra;jpia cUthf;Ff.

jpUr;rp ciwa{u; md;g[ efupy; trpf;Fk; j=;fnty; ? bghd;dk;khs; ,izaupd; @d;W

10. vz;z=;fis vGj;jhf;Ff.

11. bghUj;jkhd ntw;Wik cUg[fisr; nru;j;J Kiwahd bjhlu;fshf Mf;Ff.

13. bghUs; TWf.

5. `FHpkhw;W~ ve;jj; JiwnahL bjhlu;g[ila brhy;

9. brhy;iyg; gpupj;Jk; nru;j;Jk; bjhluikf;f.

10. fPH;f;fz;l ,l=;fspy; c=;fs; bray;ghL vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;>

Tl;lk; epuk;gpa ngUe;jpy;/ eP=;fs; mku;e;jpUf;f. 1.

gs;spapy; c=;fSila njhHu; grpa[ld; 2.

flw;fiuapy; bgw;nwhuplkpUe;J gpupe;J 3.

11. fiyr;brhy;yhf;fk; jUf.

3. g[zu;r;rp tpjp vGJf.

mfk; g[wk; mfKk; g[wKk; mfk; g[wk;

9. fPH;f;fhQk; gFjpiag; goj;Jg; ghh;j;J gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fisf; fz;lwpe;J jkpH;g;gLj;Jf.

11. gpd;tUk; ehyoahu; ghlypd; bghUSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisf; fz]lwpf.

3. g[zu;r;rp tpjp vGJf.

8. fPH;f;fhQk; ehd;F brhw;fisf; bfhz;L bjhlu; vGJf.

2. rUF/ tpG/ kz]/ miy ?

3. tpz]kPd;/ xspu;/ vup/ tpG ?

4. Fjpiu/ ntfk; XL/ jht[ ?

5. FHe;ij/ el/ jspu;eil/ tpG ?

6. jpiu/ fhz]/ ifjl;ly;/ kf;fs; ?

9. Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L tpil vGJf.

9. gz;g[f;FwpaPLfisf; fij khe;ju;fnshL bghUj;Jf.

5. kug[r; brhw;fisj; bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.

2. Mzp moj;jhw; nghy

7. gj;jpiag; goj;J njitahd ,l=;fspy; epWj;jf;Fwpfis ,l;L vGJf.

11. fiyr;brhy;yhf;fk; jUf.

3. g[zu;r;rp tpjp vGJf.

kw;w gps;isfs;. md;W gs;spf;Tlj;jpypUf;Fk;nghJ uhkrhkpf;Fk; bry;iyaht[f;Fk; ,ilna

2. ``jPapdhw; Rl;lg[z; cs;shWk; Mwhnj

3. `md;g[k; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;thH;f;if

5. mfyhJ mQfhJ jPf;fha;thu; nghy;f

7. brhw;bghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

8. vz;zpa vz;zpah=;F va;Jg vz;zpahw;

9. ctikazpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

2. thapnyhna vdj; bjhl=;Fk; xsitahupd; g[wehD}w;Wg; ghly; ghlhz] jpizf;F cupaJ

4. bkhHpg; bgau;g;g[g; gFjpiag; goj;J/ ,UgJ M=;fpyr; brhw;fisa[k; mjd; jkpHhf;fj;ija[k;

4. khztu;fs; bgw;nwhu;fis jkJ ez;gu;fshf ghtpj;J el;g[f; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. jkJ

jpUr;rp ciwa{u; md;g[ efupy; trpf;Fk; j=;fnty; ? bghd;dk;khs; ,izaupd; @d;W

2. thapnyhna vdj; bjhl=;Fk; xsitahupd; g[wehD}w;Wg; ghly; ghlhz] jpizf;F cupaJ

3. mfehD}w;Wg; ghlypy; tUk; bea;jy; jpizapd; Kjw;bghUs;/ fUg;bghUs;/ cupg;bghUs;

ekf;F Vw;gLk; mDgtnk/ ehk; thH;f;ifapy; mLj;j jtW bra;ahky; ,Uf;f