EE330A: Power Systems

Module IV
Transformers
Lecture 3
 Previous lectures

 Single phase transformers – ideal and real

 Per unit (pu) representation

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 Three Phase Transformers
 Transformers used for stepping up or stepping down three
phase voltages in a 3 phase system are called three phase
(3φ) transformer
 A 3φ transformer may have
• 3 separate single phase two windings transformers
• 1 single transformer with 3 pair of windings wound on a
common magnetic core
 The latter is common due to less weight, cost, space,
leakage and higher efficiency
 Theory of operation is exactly same as 1φ transformer

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 Three Phase Transformers: Y-Y
 For balanced configuration
N p1 = N p 2 = N p 3 = N p , N s1 = N s 2 = N s 3 = N s , a = N p / N s

A a

0.577Vll<-30° Np1 Ns1 0.577Vll/a<-30°

Vll
Np3 Ns3 Vll/a
Np2 Ns2
B c

C b
star-star configuration

 Note the change in phase sequence change of phase at

terminals with no phase shift in line-line voltages on either
side
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 Three Phase Transformers: Y-Δ
 For balanced configuration
N p1 = N p 2 = N p 3 = N p , N s1 = N s 2 = N s 3 = N s , a = N p / N s
A a
Ns3
0.577Vll<-30° Np1
Vll 0.577Vll/a<-30° Ns1
Np3 Ns2 0.577Vll/a<-30°
Np2
B c

C b
star-delta configuration

 Note the change in phase sequence change of phase at

terminals with phase shift in line-line voltages on either side
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 Three Phase Transformers: Δ-Y
 For balanced configuration
N p1 = N p 2 = N p 3 = N p , N s1 = N s 2 = N s 3 = N s , a = N p / N s
A a
Np2
Ns1 Vll/a
Np1 Vll 1.732Vll/a<30°
Vll Np3 Ns3
Ns2
B c

C b
delta-star configuration

 Note the change in phase sequence change of phase at

terminals with phase shift in line-line voltages on either side
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 Three Phase Transformers: Δ- Δ
 For balanced configuration

N p1 = N p 2 = N p 3 = N p , N s1 = N s 2 = N s 3 = N s , a = N p / N s
A a
Np2 Ns3

Np1 Vll Vll/a Ns1 Vll/a

Vll Np3 Ns2
B c

C b
delta-delta configuration

 Note the change in phase sequence change of phase at

terminals with no phase shift in line-line voltages on either
side
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 Turn ratio in Three Phase Transformers
 Turn ratio in 3φ transformers is defined as ratio of
magnitudes of primary and secondary line-line voltages
Y − Y or ∆ − ∆ → a3φ = a,
Y − ∆ → a3φ = a 3
∆ − Y → a3φ = a / 3
 When configurations are same and system is balanced,
turn ratio is same as that of a single phase transformer
 For dissimilar configurations, an additional 30 degrees
phase shift in voltages of same pair exists

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 Turn ratio in Three Phase Transformers
 Turn ratio in 3φ transformers is defined as ratio of
magnitudes of primary and secondary line-line voltages
Y − Y or ∆ − ∆ → a3φ = a,
Y − ∆ → a3φ = a 3
∆ − Y → a3φ = a / 3
 When configurations are same and system is balanced,
turn ratio is same as that of a single phase transformer
 For dissimilar configurations, an additional 30 degrees
phase shift in voltages of same pair exists
P 1.732a-1<30° S

S 0.577a-1<-30° P
Voltage transformation
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Phase Analysis of Three Phase Transformer
 Any single pair of primary and secondary windings in a 3φ
transformer behaves similar to the primary and secondary
windings of a single phase transformer
 In case of balanced conditions (both supply and load) and
with identical pair of 3φ windings, single phase equivalent
of 3φ transformer is used to do calculations based on per
phase analysis
 Analysis of unbalanced 3φ transformers is to be done on
phase basis (single phase equivalent is no more valid)
 This is complicated and cumbersome!

Per unit analysis simplifies this dramatically

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