Araling Panlipunan Reviewer

ARALING PANLIPUNAN REVIEWER
1. Katulong ng Datu sa paggawa ng batas.

(Sanggunian ng Matatanda)
2. Tulay sa San Juan del Monte na nagpasimula sa digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano.
(Balsahan Bridge)
3. Konstitusyon na pinagbatayan ng Saligang Batas ng Biak-na-bato.
(Cuba Constitution)
4. Hukbalahap Leader
(Luis Taruc)
5. Gobernador-heneral na nag-utos ng kamatayan kay Jose Rizal.
(Gob-Hen. Camilo Polavieja)
6. Nagtatag ng Iglesia Filipina Independiente.
(Gregorio Aglipay)
7. Orador ng Repormista o Propaganda Movement.
(Graciano Lopez-Jaena)
8. Paksyon o pangkat ni Bonifacio sa KKK.
(Magdiwang)
9. Gumawa ng Kartilla ng KKK
(Emilio Jacinto)
10. Posil na natuklasan sa Tabon Cave.
(Taong Tabon)
11. Bayad ng Amerika sa Espanya sa Kasunduan sa Paris.
(20,000,000 US Dollar)
12. Ang banda na nagtugtog ng unang iwinagayway ang bandila ng Pilipinas sa Kawit, Cavite.
(San Francisco de Malabon)
13. Sumulat ng liriko o titik ng Pambansang Awit.
(Jose Palma)
14. Gumawa ng himig ng Pambansang Awit.
(Julian Felipe)
15. Ang pinakamahabang pag-aalsa sa Pilipinas.
(Francisco Dagohoy Revolt)
16. Si Jose Rizal ay ipinatapon.
(Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte)
17. Kanino iniaalay ni Jose Rizal ang El Filibusterismo.
(GOMBURZA)
18. Utak ng KKK
(Emilio Jacinto)
19. Utak ng Himagsikan
(Apolinario Mabini)
20. Unang partido pulitikal na itinatag sa Pilipinas.
(Federal o Pederal Party)
21. Ang gumawa ng Spoliarium
(Juan Luna)
22. Opisyal na pahayagan ng KKK
(Kalayaan)
23. Opisyal na pahayagan ng Propaganda Movement.
(La Solidaridad)
24. Walong lalawigan na sumisimbolo sa walong silahis sa watawat ng Pilipinas
(Cavite, Tarlac, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Manila, Batangas, Bulacan)
25. Lumang pangalan ng Luneta Park o Rizal Park
(Bagumbayan)
26. Lalawigan na naganap ang pinakamahabang pag-aalsa.
(Bohol)
27. Pahayagan na itinatag ni Marcelo H. del Pilar
(Diariong Tagalog)
28. Lugar kung saan namatay si Gregorio del Pilar
(Pasong Tirad)
29. Triumvirate of Propaganda
(Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena)
30. Triumvirate of KKK
(Ladislao Diwa, Teodoro Plata, Andres Bonifacio)
31. Lakambini ng KKK
(Gregoria de Jesus)
32. Ang pangalan ng chronicler na kasama ni Magellan sa kanyang ekspedisyon.
(Antonio Pigafetta)
33. Tawag sa kakaibang okir/motiff ng mga Maranao
(Sarimanok)
34. Ang luma o matandang lungsod ng Maynila ay tinawag na Walled City.
(Intramuros)
35. Unang Pilipino na pinakamataas na Hukom ng Korte Suprema.
(Cayetano Arellano)
36. Ang pundamental na batas ng bansa.
(Saligang-batas)
37. Pinakamaliit na yunit pulitikal ng pamahalaan.
(Barangay)
38. Kauna-unahang Gobernador-heneral ng Pilipinas.
(Miguel Lopez de Legazpi)
39. Ang Gobernador-heneral na nagpatapon kay Rizal sa Dapitan.
(Eulogio Despujol)
40. Ang lihim ng Katipunan ay ibinunyag kay
(Padre Mariano Gil)
41. Gumawa ng watawat ng Pilipinas.
(Marcela Agoncillo)
42. Ang nagbasa ng pagpapahayag ng kalayaan sa Kawit, Cavite
(Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista)
43. Sistema ng pagkalap ng mga kasapi sa KKK.
(Trayanggulo)
44. Ina ng Katipunan
(Melchora Aquino)
45. Pangulo ng kababaihang kasapi ng KKK.
(Josefa Rizal)
46. Joan of Arc ng Ilocos.
(Gabriela Silang)
47. Dekalogo ng KKK na sinulat ni Bonifacio.
(Mga katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan.)
48. Pilotong Hapones na handang mamatay sa pakikipaglaban.
(Kamikaze)
49. Tawag sa mga pulis militar na Hapones.
(Kempei-tai)
50. Punong Kumandante ng USAFFE.
(Douglas McArthur)
51. Itinatag ang KKK.
(July 7, 1892)
52. Sigaw sa Pugadlawin
(August 23, 1896)
53. Pagbaril kay Rizal.
(December 30, 1896)
54. Pagpatay kay Bonifacio.
(May 10, 1897)
55. Kasunduan sa Paris.
(December 10, 1898)
56. Labanang Pilipino-Amerikano.
(February 4, 1899)
57. Pagkamatay nina GOMBURZA
(February 17, 1872)
58. Deklarasyon ng Batas-Militar.
(September 21, 1972)
59. Misa sa Limasawa.
(March 31, 1521)
60. People Power Revolution o EDSA I
(February 25, 1986)
61. Pagdaong sa Palo, Leyte sa tropa ni Douglas McArthur.
(October 20, 1944)
62. Labanan sa Kipot ng Surigao.
(October 25, 1944)
63. Philippine- American Friendship Day
(July 4, 1946)
64. Nakilala ang Maynila bilang lungsod.
(June 24, 1571)
65. Pagbomba sa Pearl Harbor.
(December 7, 1941)
66. Pasinaya o inagurasyon ng Asemblea ng Pilipinas.
(October 16, 1907)
67.Ratipikasyon ng Batas Tydings-McDuffie.
(May 1, 1934)
68. Pasinaya ng Komonweltt.
(November 15, 1935)
69. Pagdeklara sa Manila na Open City.
(December 24, 1941)
70. Pagbomba sa Hiroshima, Japan.
(August 6, 1945)
71. Ang Araw ng Kagitingan at Martsa ng Kamatayan.
(April 9, 1942)
72. Ang huling tanggulan ng mga Amerikano sa Pilipinas laban sa Hapon ay ang Corregidor. Ito
ay bumagsak.
(May 6, 1942)
73. Ang ating pambansang bayani ay ipinanganak noong.
(June 19, 1861)
74.Araw ng kamatayan ni Benigno Aquino na binaril noon sa Manila International Airport.
(August 21, 1983)
75. Pinasinayaan ang Saligang Batas ng Malolos.
(January 21, 1899)
76. Ang ating pambansang bayani ang siyang tangi at nag-iisa sa pamilya na gumamit ng Rizal
bilang apelyido.
Ang ibig sabihin ng Rizal.
(Evergreen fields)
77. Ang bumaril sa isang Pilipinong sundalo na naglakad sa tulay ng San Juan del Monte.
(Robert W. Grayson)
78. Ang organisasyon na itinatag ni Jose Rizal.
(La Liga Filipina)
79. Ang Gobernador-heneral na nag-utos na patayin sa pamamagitan ng garote ang tatlong
paring martir.
(Gobernador-heneral Rafael Izquierdo)
80. Nang sumiklab ang himagsikang Pilipino noong 1896. Ang kasalukuyang Gobernador-
heneral ay si.
(Gobernador-heneral Ramon Blanco)
81. Ang tinaguriang Ina ng Biak-na-Bato.
(Trinidad Tecson)
82. Ang kinilala bilang "Tagalog Joan of Arc" dahil sa kanyang pakikipaglaban noong panahon
ng himagsikan.
(Agueda Kahabagan)
83. Ang Gobernador-heneral na sapilitang ipinagamit sa mga Pilipino ang apelyidong Kastila.
(Gobernador-heneral Narciso Claveria)
84. Ang unang aklat na nilimbag sa Pilipinas noong 1593.
(Doctrina Cristiana en Lengua Española Y Tagala)
85. Ang sumulat ng tanyag na epikong Ilocano na Biag ni Lam-ang.
(Pedro Bukaneg)
86.Ang Noli Me Tangere ay isang aklat na isinulat ni Rizal nang siya ay nasa Europa. Ang
tumulong sa kanya upang maipalimbag
ito.
(Maximo Viola)
87. Ang sumusunod ay mga alyas o pseudonym na ginamit ng mga manunulat na Pilipino.
(Jose Rizal - Dimas Alang at Laong Laan)
(Jose Maria Panganiban- Jomapa)
(Artemio Ricarte - Vibora)
(Andres Bonifacio - May Pag-asa)
(Marcelo H. del Pilar - Plaridel)
(Emilio Jacinto - Pingkian)
(Antonio Luna- Taga Ilog)
88. Lugar kung saan nadakip si Emilio Aguinaldo.
(Palanan, Isabela)
89. Nagsisimula at nagtatapos ang Martsa ng Kamatayan.
(Mariveles, Bataan hanggang San Fernando, Pampanga)
90. Ang sumulat ng Malolos Konstitusyon.
(Felipe Calderon)
91. Ang komonwelt ay tumutukoy sa
(Sampung taong transisyon na nagsisimula 1935)
92. Ang Tydings-McDuffie ay nakuha na batas sa Amerika ni.
(Manuel L. Quezon)
93. Ang Hare-Hawes Cutting ay nakuha na batas sa Amerika nina.
(Sergio Osmeña at Manuel Roxas)
94. Ang kapatid ni Rizal na naging Heneral noong panahon ng Himagsikan.
(Paciano)
95. Ang sumulat ng bantog na Fray Botod.
(Graciano Lopez-Jaena)
96. Ang nagbigay ng pangalan sa ating bansa na Las Islas Felipinas.
(Ruy Lopez de Villalobos)
97. Ang Muslim ay mayroong 13 pangkat.
(Badjao, Ilanun, Jama Mapun, Kalagan, Kalibugan, Maguindanao, Maranao, Molbog, Palawani,
Samal, Sangil, Tausug, Yakan)
98. Ang pinakadakilang dambana o moske ng relihiyong Islam.
(Ka'aba)
99. Sa Espanyol na pananalita sa ating Pambansang Awit.
(Marcha Nacional Filipina)
100. Ang buong pangalan ng ating pambansang bayani.
(Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo Y Realonda)
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Araling Panlipunan Reviewer
Aralin 1
◊tao unang sumilpot 2 milyong taon nakaraan
◊edad ng sandaigdigan: 14,988,000,000
◊edad ng mundo: 4,498,000,000
◊1300BK: mga Tisno nagmasid sa galaw ng araw at posisyon ng mga bituin

◊Pythagoras, Heracleides, Aristarchus, Aristotle, Ptolemy
◊Aristarchus: araw iniikutan ng planeta
◊Aristotle: daigdig sentro ng daigdig
◊Ptolemy: kakampi ni Aristotle
◊Nicolaus Copernicus: Mikolaj Kopernik; kakampi ni Aristarchus
◊Galileo (Italya), Isaac Newton (Inglatera), Johannes Kepler (Alemanya), Edwin Hubble
(Amerika)
◊Mesopotomia: Babylonians, Assyrian; 200 BK; Enuma Elish gumawa ng langit at ng lupa
mula sa malawak na dagat; ibig sabihin ng Mesopotamia (lupain sa pagitan ng dalawang
ilog, Tigris/Euphrates)
◊Griyego: magkadikit ang langit at ang lupa; nang magkahiwalay ito saka kalamgn lumitaw
ang mga tao, bundok atbp.
◊Hudyo atr Kristiyano: mundo ginawa ng Diyos; bibliya (Kristiyano) at Torah (Hudyo)
◊Hindu: Vedas
◊Teoryang Nebular: Pierre Simon de Lapalace (1796); planeta nabuo sa mainit na buhag
(gas) na mabilis na umikot sa kalawakan; nang lumamig, ito’y nagkaroon ng porma
hanggang naging planeta
◊Big Bang: nabuo pagkatapos ang malaking pagsabog (naganap 20 bilyong taon nakaraan);
lumikha ng bola ng apoy na naging sa kalaunan, bituin, planeta atbp.
◊Dalawang Bahagi ng Big Bang
◊1. simula nang maganap ang pagsabog, patuloy na lumalayo ang mga bolang apoy kaya’t patuloy ring
lumalawak ang daigdig
◊2. patuly na paggalaw ng mga bituin atbp. ay maaaring tumigil sa paglayo sa
isa’t isa at sa halip ay pwedeng bumalik at magbanggaan
Ang Pinanggalingan ng mga Tao
◊Charles Darwin: Origin of the Species; ang tao’y di basta-bastang sumulpot kundi unti-unting dumating sa
kasalukuyan niyang kalagayan at hitsura; unang nagbigay ng ebidensyang nagpatunay dito; maraming tao ang di
naniwala dito dahil labag daw ito sa istorya ni Adan at Eva
◊humanap ang mga siyentipiko ng ebidensiya upang mapatunayan ang teorya ni Darwin
◊noong ika-19 dantaon, naging masigasig ang mga tao sa pagtuklas sa kanilang pinagmulan
◊Leakey (Louis, Mary, Richard): nakatuklas sa mga labi sa Aprika
◊Australopithecus (bakulaw na Taga-timog): pangalng binigaysa uri ng unang tao
◊Africanus: matulis ngipin, karne, di-tuwid katawan sa paglakad, kasangkapang bato’t buto, kaunting
noo, maliit at payat kaysa sa robustus
◊Robustus: gulay, lumalakad nang patayo subalit di tuwid, walang noo, walang kagamitan, nakatira sa
kagubatan, masmalaki sa africanus
◊Homo Habilis: mataas noo, karne’t gulay, lakad patayo’t tuwid, kasangkapang bato,
nagtayo ng tirahan, higit na malaking utak kaysa Australopithecus, namuhay bilang pangkat
◊Homo Erectus: Mataas noo, karne, gulay, nakatayo sa paglakad, iba’t ibang tirahan, kagamitan, apoy, di-kataasan,
napakalagalag, nagbiyahe sa Heidelberg, Beijing at Java; Taong Peking, Taong Java
◊Homo sapiens: mataas noo, karne’t gulay, nakatayo paglakad, tuwid, saan-saan nakatira, kasangkapang bato, metal
etc.
◊Neanderthal: malapat at makapal ang bungo sapagkat higit na malaki ang laman nitong utak kaysa karaniwang tao
ngayon
◊Cro-Magnon: masmalaking utak kaysa sa atin, matangkad(6talampakan), malalaki ang katawan
◊Carl Sagan: malaki man ang katawan nila, nandito pa rin tayo dahil sa ating abilidad
Aralin 2
◊ unang apat na bilyong taon ng mundo nahati sa Archeozoic at Proterozoic
◊ ang dalawang ito’y tinawag na Precambrian
◊ dito unang nabuhay ang mga dikya, bulati, koral at mikrobyo
◊ matapos ang proterozoic, sumunod ang paleozoic na nagsimula mga 570 milyong taon ang nakaraan at tumagal
nang 330 taon
◊ sa huling parte nito lumabas ang mga halamang may buto at mga reptilya, at mga palaka
◊ Paleozoic binubuo ng Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian
◊ Cambrian: maraming hayto ang natagpuan; hayop na may bahay tulad ng tahong (pati rin sa Ordovician at Silurian
◊ Devonian: makakapal na kagubatan, dumami ang isda
Mesozoic
◊ pumalit sa Paleozoic
◊ nahahati Triassic, Jurassic at Cretaceous
◊ Triassic: dinosaur tulad ng pterodactyl; lumalangoy na buwaya, pagong pati palmera
◊ Jurassic: tumigas ang balat ng dinosaur kaya naging masmapanganib sila;
◊Cretaceous: tumaas ang tubig sa dagat kaya nagkahiwalay-hiwalay ang lupain;
lumitak bundok at bulkan (namatay ang maraming nilalang dahil sa alikabok)
Cenozoic
◊ 63 milyong taon nakaraan nagsimula
◊ panahong umiiral pa rin ngayon
◊ ebolusyon ng mammal, ibon at halaman
◊ Tertiary: Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene
◊ Eocene: naglipana ang mga bakulaw; maliliit na reptilya, paniki, kamelyo atbp.
◊ Miocene: 18 milyon yrs ago; nabuhay ang bakulaw na tawag proconsul o dryopithecus, bakulaw na di-lumalakad
at sinasabing pinanggalingan ng Homo Sapiens
Ang Epokang Pleistocene
◊ Quartenary: Pleistocene, Holocene
◊ Pleistocene: pagyeyelo (bago dumating ito, mainit ang klima ng mundo sa loob ng 60 milyong taon)
◊ Pagyeyelo: Tumagal nang 40,000-60,000 taon; tuwing matapos ito, natutunaw ang yelo; namatay ang maraming
bakulaw; namalagi ang tao sa kainitan ng Aprika, Timog Asya at Australia; kanlurang asya at hilagang amerika
nabalutan ng yelo; nakatulong dahil tumaas ang lupa na nagbigay oportunidad sa sakahan
ANG MGA PANAHON NG TAO
Paleolithic
◊ Lumang Panahon ng Bato
◊nagsimula mula ang unang lumitaw ang tao hanggang 8000BK ng nagsimula silang magsaka
◊pinakamahaba
◊natapos sa epokang Pleistocene
◊gumamit ang tao ng kasangkapang yari sa bato, buto, kahoy, halaman

◊gumamit ang tao ng apoy
◊nangaso ang tao
◊nagsuot ng damit ang tao mula sa balat ng hayop
◊natulog ang tao sa kweba
◊walang agrikultura
Mesolithic
◊Panahon ng Bato
◊8000BK
◊natunaw ang makapal na yelo; lumawak ang lupang pansakahan
◊naging maspino ang kagamitang bato
Neolithic
◊Bagong Panahon ng Bato
◊4000 to 3000 BK
◊agrikultura
◊alagang hayop
◊mga banga, paso, palayok
◊makikinis na kagamitang bato
◊tao’y tumigil sa paglalaboy
◊lumaki ang populasyon; nabuo ang pamayanan;organisasyong panlipunan
◊nagsimula ang pansakahan sa Timog Asya at lumaganap sa mundo
◊napabuti ang agrikultura sa Mesopotamia etc. noong 4000BK
◊naiwan ang bakas sa Europa 3000-2500 BK nakaraan
Chalcolithic
◊di masasabing isang panahon
◊sakop ng Neolithic
◊di-na pawang bato kundi tanso na rin ang mga kagamitan
Panahon ng Tanso
◊tanso unang ginamit sa Mesopotamia noong 3500BK para sa sandata
◊tanso nagmula sa Asya Minor, Armenia, at Caucasia
◊3000 BK laganap paggamit ng tanso sa Timog Kanlurang Asya; 2000BK sa Europa
◊Bronze Age di naganap sa buong mundo
Panahon ng Bakal
◊ore (dukalin) lumabas sa mesopotamia noong 2500BK
◊tunay na nag-umpisa noong 1000BK nang mapalitan na ang tanso
◊1400 BK:Asya Minor; 1100BK: Austria o Europa
◊umabot sa Amerika 1600PK
Aralin 3
Teoryang Tulay Lupa
◊kabit-kabit dati ang mga lupain ng mundo at nagmukha lamang hiwa-hiwalay dahil natunaw ang mga bundok ng
yelo
◊dahilan ang paglalakbay ng mga tao sa iba’t ibang kontinente
◊Eurasia nakakabit sa Aprika sa pamamagitan ng tangkay ng Suez
◊Kipot Bering nag-ugnay sa Eurasya sa Hilagang Amerika
◊Panama Canal idinugtong ang Timog at Hilaga Amerika
◊Dati’y di magkahiwalay ang New Guinea, Tasmania at ilang isla ng Melanesia, Australia pinaka-pusod ng lupaing
ito
◊pinakamababaw na bahagi ng dapat ay palibot sa Timog-Silangang Asya at Australia (73.15 metro/240

talampakan)
Ang Pangaea
◊Continental Drift: Alfred Wegener (Alemang guro, may ineres sa atmospera at panahon); buo noon ang lupain ng
mundo di dahil sa tulay-lupa kundi dahil talaga silang magkakadikit
◊Napansin ni Wegener noong 1912 na magkahugis ang baybay-dagat ng Brazil at Aprika
◊Lumipat ang interes ni Wegener mula sa heolohiya at paleontohiya
◊Noong panahong Jurassic at Tertiary, simulang nabasag ang Pangaea
◊Unang naghiwalay ang Aprika at Timog Amerika at nagkaroon ng Atlantiko
◊Noong Quartenary, naghiwalay ang Norway at Greenland
◊Sa paggalaw ang India patungong hilagang-silangan, nabuo ang Himalayas
◊Sa paggalaw ng mga kontinente, may mga naiwan tulad ng Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Pilipinas, Hapon
◊Ang Australia at New Zealand aty dati’y iisa
◊Scandinavia’y dati’y nakalubog hanggang Panahon ng Yelo
Walang Pruweba, Walang Paniwala
◊Namatay si Wegener, 1930 sa Greenland
◊Alex du Toit: mula sa Johannesburg, Timog Aprika; pag-angat nang magma mula sa pusod ng mundo ang nagtulak
sa kontinente para maghiwalay; wala nga lang katibayan
◊Patrick Blackett at Stanley Runcorn: 1950, siyentipikong Ingles, magnetismo ng mga bato sa ilalim ng lupa; dating
magkadikit ang Europa at ang Hilagang Amerika
◊Ekspedisyon sa Antarktika: nakatagpo ng malaking deposito ng karbon; nanggaling sa namatay na halaman;

napatunayang may buhay dati sa Antarktika
◊Arthur Holmes: taga-Scotland, thermal convcection: paggalaw ng mga kontinente ay naganap bunga ng malakas na
alono daloy papaitaas ng mga lusaw na alono daloy papaitaas ng mga lusaw na bagay sa ilalim o pusod ng lupa;
nang sumingaw ito, nahatak sa iba’t ibang direksyon ang Pangaea at nabiyak
◊lahat ng kontinente ay gumalaw di-umano patungong hilaga, may bilis na 20-90 km sa bawat isang milyong taon
◊India: pinakamalayo ang narating
◊Pagkaraan ng ilang milyong taon, iiba na ang hitsura ng ating mga mapa; magbabanggan ang Asya at Australia
Kontinente ng Mundo
◊Asya, Aprika, Australia, Europa, Hilagang Amerika, Timog Amerika, Antarktika
Ang Mga Lahi sa Mundo
◊Siyam kinikilalang lahi
◊Dati’y tatatlo: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid

◊Caucasoid: Hilaga/Timog Europa, Hilagang Aprika, Timog-Kanlurang Asya, Rusya, Siberia; India, Indoesia,
Hapon, Silangang Pasipiko; mapuputi anag balat, matangos ang ilong, manipis ang labi
◊Mongoloid: dating kasama ng Pilpino; Silangan, Gitna, Timog-Kanluran, Timog Asya, Hilagang Aprika, Timog-
Silangang Europa
◊Amerikanong Indian at ang Eskimo ay mongoloid
◊Negroid: Aprika, India, Pilipinas (Aeta), Indonesian, Oceania (Papuan at Melanesian), maliliit, maiitim, kulot at
pino ang buhok, sarat ilong, makapal labi
Ang Makabagong Pagkakahati-hati ng mga Lahi
◊Aprikano: Aprika, Hilaga/Timog Amerika
◊Amerikanong Indian: itinaboy ng Europa; Hilaga/Timog Amerika
◊Indian: maputi at maitim na balat, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh
◊Asyano: Tsino, Hapones, Koreano,, Filipino, Vietnamese, Malaysian, Indonesian, Kampuchean, Singaporean,
Silangang Asya, TImog-Silangang Asya
◊Australiano: Australia, aborigines
◊Europeo: Europa, Timog-Kanlurang Asya, Australia, New Zealand, Hilagang Amerika, Timog Amerika at Timog
Aprika
◊Melanesian, Micronesian at Polynesian: Pasipiko
Aralin 4
◊Unang sibilisasyon sa Asya
◊Sibilisasyon: pag-unlad ng pamumuhay ng tao
◊Ang sibilisasyon o kabihasnan: masasabing umiiral na kapag ang mga tao ay marunong nang bumasa, at magtabi
ng mga tala tungkol sa kanilang buhay, lipunan, tradisyon, at mga institusyon
◊nakakamit dahil sa pag-unlad ng pagkatao ng tao
◊pinagmumulan ng sibilisasyon: kakayaha, pangangailangan, talino ng tao, kaugalian, pamahalaan, pamumuhay,

mataas na antas ng kaunlaran, kultura, teknolohiya
Ang Unang Sibilisasyon
◊Ang mga dating mangangaso ay nagsimula sa kagamitang bato ngunit unting umunlad hanggang natuto sila
magtanim at maghabi
◊mahalagang katangian ng lugar na pinagtatayuan ng sibilisasyon: tubig

◊Dahilan: pagkain; kalakalan, kalinisan, transportasyon; inumin, irigasyon, pagsasaka
◊Mesopotamia: unang siyudad noong 3500BK

◊Magsasaka, patol, negosyante, pari
◊Pamahalaan nanggaling mula sa mga negosyante at pari
◊Pag-unlad nagsimula sa mga Sumerian noong 4000BK
◊Tumira sila sa katimugan ng Mesopotamia na ang tawag ay SUmer
◊Sumerian unang gumamit sa Ilog Tigris at Euphrates bilang patubig sa taniman; nag-alaga rin ng hayop
◊Pagbabagong dulot ng Sumerian sa Mesopotamia
◊1. nagkaroon ng malalaking pamayanan
◊2. natatag ang mga siyudad na may sari-sariling pinuno
◊3. naging malalaking templo ang maliliit na sambahan
◊4. nagkaroon ng kalakal sa ibang bansa
◊5. nagkaroon ng pamantayan para sa sukat at timbang
◊6. decimal
◊7. natipon sa isang kodigo ang mga batas
◊8. naimbento ang pagsusulat
◊Cuneiform: 3100 BC, istilo ng pagsusulat
◊sagana ang mesopotamia sa luwad at madalis itong gamitin
Harappa sa India
◊Sa lugar na dinadaanan ng Ilog Indus unang nagkaroon ng Pamayanan
◊Limang sanga ng Ilog Indus: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, at Sutlej
◊Punjab (limang ilog): kapatagang dinidiligan ng Indus
◊2000 BK: mataas na antas ng kultura para sa mga taga-Punjab
◊5000 BK: nagsimulang magtanim sa bayan ng Baluchistan at Sind
◊ang dalawang bayang iyon pati halos lahat ng Ilog Indus ay Pakistan na ngayon
◊Baluchistan dati’y maraming ilog at bukid ay disyerto na ngayon

Harapa at Mohenjo Daro
◊Isanlibong taon pagkatapos ang Mesopotamia
◊Harappa: nakuha sa pangalan ng isa sa dalawang malaking siydad ng sibilisasyong iyon
◊natatag sa kaliwang pambang ng Ilog Ravia, Punjab
◊Mohenjo-daro: natatag sa kanang pampang ng Ilog Indus
◊2350-1750BK: umunlad ang Harapa at Mohenjo Daro
◊Nagtanim, nag-alaga ng hayop, nagtayo ng siydad, nagpairal ng pamahalaan sa pamamagitan ng buwis ang mga
Harappan
◊pangunahing tanim: trigo, barli, gisantes, linga, at bulak
◊nakipagkalakalan sa Persia, Mesopotamia at Tibet
◊Harappan: sistemang pagsulat na may 270 titik; wala pa rin nakakatuklas kung paano intindihin ito
◊sinasabing nanggaling lamang sila sa Mesopotamia
◊Kahit na marunong sila gumamit ng tanso, tinuloy pa rin nilang gumamit ng kagamitang bato
◊Indian: napaka-konserbatibo; dahilan kung bakit hindi nag-abalang lumipat pataas nang Indus ang mga taga-
Mohenjo Daro
◊Tuwing lulubog ang gusali, tatayo na lang sila muli ng isa pang gusali hanggang minsan umabot ng siyam ang
magkakapatong gusali; pareho rin ang laki ng kanilang mga bahay, lahat gawa sa ladrilyo at walang bintana ang
bahaging nakaharap sa kalye; may isang mallit at isang malaking paliguan; malalapat rin ang daan
◊Harappan gumawa ng depensa para sa kanilang mga siyudad
◊Nawalan ng kaayusan sa Mohenjo-Daro bago sila masakop
◊Aryan nagpabagsak sa Mohenjo-Daro noong 2000BK

◊Aryan nanggaling sa Poland hanggang kumalat sa Gitnang Asya
◊Ninuno ng Griyego, Romano, Ingles, Aleman, Turko, Iranian, Syrian, Yugoslavian, Scnadinavian
◊Naging mababa ang tingin ng maputi, matangos ang ilong, matangkad na Aryan sa maiitim at pandak na Harappan
◊Sinunog nila ang mga tirahan ng mga Harappan at pagkatapos ginawang alipin sila
◊Dasa: tawag sa mga Harappan na ang ibig sabihin sa sanskrit ay alipin
◊Aryan na nag-asawa ng dasa ay itinakwil
Tsina
◊Huang ho, Yangtze
◊Huang Ho: yellow river dahil sa kulay ng makapal na banlik na dala nito; nagdala ng pighati sapagkat lagi itong
umaapaw at nagdudulot ng baha; pighati ng Tsina
◊1887: baha nakapatay sa isang milyong tao
◊solusyon: ipinakulong ang Huang He sa pamamagitan ng mga dike
◊Yangtze: masgrabe, tawag rin ay Chang Jiang; 400 tonelada ng banlik taun-taon ang ibinubuhos; buhos nito’y
nagpapalaki sa Shanghai; di tulad ng Huang He pwedeng daanan ng mga sasakyang dagat na masmaliit sa barko;
ginagamit sa kalakal at pinagkukunan ng kuryente
◊kontribusyon: nagbiyahe ang karaban ng metal sa buong Asya, mga butong natatanim, mga pinaamong hayop, mga
bagong ideya na sa matalinong isipin ay maaring nagbunga ng masmarami pang ideya
◊Shang: sentro ng sibilisasyong Tsino; natatag sa An-yang sa Hilagang Tsina]
◊Anyang: kabisera ng dinastiyang Shang mula 1400-1100 BK; tagpuan ng iba’t ibang tao; magulo at mabilis na
buhay dito ay nakatulong sa pag-unlad ng sibilisasyon
Karagdagang Kontribusyon
◊1.sariling sistema ng pagsusulat
◊2. kasangkapang tanso na natutunan mula sa Mesopotamia
◊3. sistemang decimal
◊4. paraan ng paghuhula
◊5. kalendaryo; isa batay sa paglitaw ng araw sa kalangitan, isa naman sa buwan
◊6. sukatan ng taon batay sa pag-ikot ng mundo
◊Shang: 500 na taon hanggang napabagsak ng Chou noon 1122 BK
◊Chou: tumagal ng 886 taon
Kontribusyon ng Chou:
◊1. pananatili ng mga nasa pamahalaan
◊2. ekonomiya
◊3. pagdami ng tao
◊4. paglaganap ng sibilisasyon sa isang napakalawak na bansa na hindi madaling lakbayain

Ziggurat: templong Babylonian na yari rin sa istilong piramide subalit may hagdanan sa labat at may altar sa tuktok
Notes
Batayan ng Kasaysayan
◊1. Pagbabago
◊2. Nakaapekto sa karamihan
◊3. Makabuluhan ang pangyayari
Layunin
◊1. matutunanan ang mga maling nagawa
◊2. mauugnay ang nakalipas sa kasalukuyan
◊3. Pahalagaan ang mga taong naka-ambag ng mabuti para sa bansa
Salik
◊1. Tao – pinakamahalgang batayan; kumikilos, gumagalaw at nag-iisp sa kanyang kapaligiran;
naghahanap ng kasagutan, nakaranas ng kabiguan at tagumpay
◊2. Kapaligiran – pisikal na ginagalawan ng tao; nagtatakda ng gagawin at iisipin ng tao; may malaking
impluwensiya sa tao
◊3. Panahon: sumasagot sa tanong na kailan; pagpapakita ng pagbabago; aral at
gabay; nagtatakda kung gaano katagal mararanasan ng tao ang hirap o ginhawa
Batayan
◊Batayang Primarya: orihinal na pinagmulan ng batayan;
Labi (fossils)
◊bungo
◊banga
◊pintura (drawing)
◊monumento
◊barya
◊bakat (hayop)
◊Batayang Sekundarya: mula sa primarya
◊nasusulat: pahayagan, tableta, nobela, talaarawan
◊di-nasususlat: oral, kwento
Disiplinang Panlipunan
◊Agham pulitikal – pamhalaan at pulitika
◊Ekonomiks – agham ukol sa paglikha, pamamahagai at paggamit ng yaman, kalakal at serbisyo
◊Sosyolohiya – pag-aaral ng pag-unlad, kultura, at funsiyon ng lipunan
◊Heograpiya – pag-aaral sa katangiang pisikal ng mundo
◊1. Anyong lupa, anyong tubig
◊2. Panahon
◊3. Likas na yaman
◊4. klima
◊Antropolohiya – agham tungkol sa pinagmulan, pag-unlad nang sankatauhan
◊1. Pangbayolohikal – fossils, labi
◊2. Arkeolohikal – artifacts
◊3. Sosyokultural – pananaliksik
◊4. Wika
◊Sikolohiya – pag-aaral ng pag-iisip ng tao
◊1. Personalidad – andar ng isip
◊2. Motibo – hangarin sa buhay
◊3. Perception – stimuli
◊4. Sariling kakayahan
Mga Teorya ng Pinagmulan ng Mundo
1. Pangrelihiyon
◊batay sa kaisipan ng simbahan
2. Pangagham
◊sumasaklaw sa mga likas at mga pangyayaring nasasakop ng batas ng kalikasan
3. Big Bang
◊nabuo mula sa pira-pirasong bahagi ng mga planeta na sanhi ng malaking
pagsabog gawa ng malakas na centrifugal force ng nebular sa pag-ikot ng araw
◊Pierre Laplace
4. Condensation
◊mula sa pagsanib ng hydrogen gas at atomic dust
◊Robert Jowstrow
Sibilisasyon
1. Mesopotamia
Tigris/ Euphrates ◊Babylonians/Sumerians/Assyrians
2. India
Indus/Ganges ◊Aryans/Mohenjo Daro
3. Tsina
Yangtze/Huang Ho ◊Intsik/Mongolians
4. Ehipto
Nile ◊Sumerians/Greek

------------------------------
Reviewer in Araling Panlipunan
A.P. Reviewer
By: Jan Joseph Reyes
Kahalagahan ng mga pilipino sa estado

Estado –grupo ng mga taong nakatira sa isang tiyak na teritoryo, may sariling pamahalaan at
malayong namumuhay
Teritoryo- nasasakupang lugar ayon sa itinatakdang hangganan nito. Ang mga tao ang
pinakamahalagang elemento sa estado. Maaaring uriin ang mga ito ayon sa mga sumusunod
Propesyunal-kagaya ng mga doktor abogado o inhinyero guro, Atbp. Na nagbibigay ng serbisyo
sa mga nangangailangan ng tulong at kalinga.
Magsasaka at mangingisda na nakatugon sa pangaraw-araw sa pangangailangan ng tao.
Negosyante na nakapag-aambag ng karagdagang buwis na ginagamit ng Pamahalaan para sa
mga serbisyong pampubliko
Manggawa na sa pamamagitan ng kanilang kasanayan kasipagan at matiyagang manggawa na
sa pamamagitan ng kanilang kasanayan, kasipagan at, matiyagang paggawa ay nakagawa ng
mga produktong ginagamit at iniluluwas sa ibang bansa
Mga hindi nakapag-aral-na karaniwang may mahirap na hanapbuhay ngunit maliliit lamang ang
kinikita.
Bawat Pilipino ay may bahaging ginagampanan sa pamayang kanyang kinabibilangan
Pinagmumulan ng lahing pilipino

Ang mga sumusunod ang kinalabasan ng mga naging pag-aaral sa pinagmulan ng lahing
pilipino
-Homo erectus at homo sapiens mula sa southeast asia ang mga unang tao sa bansa
- Dugong Malayo ang pinagmulan ng lahing pilipino ayon sa mga dayuhang manunulat
-Nagmula sa kontinente ng Asia na tinawag na philippine asian o Asyanong pilipino ang mga
mamamayan ayon kay Dr. Arsenio Manuel.
-Maaaring nagmula sa bansang China ang mga Homo erectus na nanahan sa pilipinas sa
panahon ng yelo ayon sa teorya ni Robert B. Fox
Tinatayang ang mga unang tao na sa ating kapuluan kung ang nahukay na buto ng Tabon sa
palawan ang susuriin
Ayon sa teorya ni Henry O. Beyer, pandarayuhan ang dahilan ng pagkaka iba ng lahi ng mga
Pilipino
Madiing sinalungat ng Pilipinong antropologong si Francisco Landa Jocano ang pananaw na
ang mga Pilipino mula sa lahing malayo.
Sinalungat din niya ang “ Teorya ng pandarayuhan” dahil ayon sa kanya may nakatira sa
Pilipinas bago pa nandarayuhan ang ibang lipi sa ating bansa.
Ang Malalaking Pangkat etniko sa Pilipinas.

Ang pangkat etniko sa Pilipinas ay binubuo ng mga taong may isang wika at may natatanging
paraan ng pamumuhay, paniniwala at mga katangian
Mahahati sa dalawa ang mga pangkat etniko sa Pilipinas ang mga malalaki at maliliit na
pangkat
Malalaking pangkat etniko sa Pilipinas
Sa luzon
1.Tagalog- masayahin, palakaibigan at kilala sa mahigpit na pagkakabuklod sa pamilya
-matatagpuan sa mga lalawigan ng Bulacan, Nueva ecija, Quezon, Aurora, mindoro, Romblon,
Marinduque, Cavite, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas at bataan
2.Ilokano- matipid at mahilig sa pakikipagsapalaran
-nagmula sa lalawigan ng Ilocos, Isabela, Cagayan, abra, La-union, pangasinan, Benguet,
Quirino
3.Bikolano- Relihiyoso at mahilig sa pagkaing may gata
- mula sa lalawigan ng albay, camariñes norte at Sur, Catanduanes, Masbate at Sorsogon
4. Kapampangan- masarap magluto at mahusay manamit
-Nagmula sa pampanga, tarlac at Nueva Ecija.
Sa visayas
1. Cebuano – Mahilig sa kasiyahan
Matatagpuan sa lalawigan ng Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental at Siquijor
2. Ilonggo- malambing, mahinahon at malumanay sa pag sasalita
-nagmulasa Samar at leyte
Sa mindanao
1.Muslim – pinakamatapang sa lahat ng mga pangkat etniko
- Nagmula sa Mindanao
Maliliit na Pangkat etniko sa Pilipinas

1.Negrito- Karamihan sa kanila ay naninirahan sa zambales at ang ilang pangkat ay sa visayas
at sa Mindanao
-Pandak, maitim, kulot
-Mahusay mangaso, magsaka
2. Ifugao- Naninirahan sa gitnang bahagi ng Hilagang Luzon
- Masisipag, Matitiyaga at matatalino ang kabilang sa pangkat na ito
- ang kanilang mga ninuno ang gumawa ng hagdan hagdang palayan sa Banaue
3. Badjao- Makikita sa Sulu; Kilala sa tawag na sea gypsy o hitanong dagat
- Sila ay naninirahan Sa mga Bangkang bahay
-Tahimik at mahinahon
-Pangingisda ang kanilang pangunahing kabuhayan, nakikipagkalakalan sa mga dayuhan
4.T’boli- Makikita sa South Cotabato
-mangingisda, nangangaso, at pagtatanim ang kanilang ikinabubuhay
-pinamumunuan ng datu
- Hinahangaan Dahil sa mga palamuti sa katawan at gayundin ang kanilang damit na hinabi
mula sa t’nalak o abaka
Ang pagkamamamayang Pilipino

Sa Pilipinas, ang mga sumusunod ay tinuturing na mga mamamayang Pilipino
1.Mga mamamayan sa Pilipinas noong magpatibay ng saligang batas
2.Kung ang ama o ina ay mamamayan ng Pilipinas
3.Mga isinilang bago sumapit ang Enero 17, 1973 na ang mga ina ay Pilipino, na pumili ng
pagkamamamayang Pilipino pagsapit ng karampatang gulang
4.Mga naging mamamayan ayon sa batas
CITIZENSHIP- Karapatan bilang isang mamamayang Pilipino na Hindi nagagamit ng mga
dayuhan tulad ng karapatan sa libreng edukasyon, ari-arian, pangkabuhayan, at iba pang
karapatang itinakda ng batas ng Pilipinas para sa mamamayang pilipino lamang
Ang dalawang prinsipyo ng Pagkamamamayang
Pilipino
Jus Sanguinis- ang sinumang may mga magulang na mamamayan ng isang estado ay
magiging mamamayan ng isang estado ay magiging mamamayan din ng naturang estado
Jus Soli- ang pagkamamamayan ng isang tao ay ayon sa lugar ng kanyang kapanganakan,
anuman ang pagkamamamayan ng kanyang mga magulang
Ang pagiging Mamamayang Pilipino ng dayuhan

Ang sinumang dayuhang nagnanais maging mamamayang Pilipino sa pamamagitan ng
naturalisasyon ay kailangang
1.Hindi kukulangin sa 21 taong gulang
2. nakapanirahan na sa Pilipinas nang tuluy-tuloy sa Loob ng sampung taon. Ito’y maaaring
gawing limang taon lamang kung:
-nakapagtatag na siya ng bagong industriya rito sa Pilipinas
-siya’y nakapag asawa ng isang pilipina o pilipino
-dito sya isinilang sa Pilipinas

-siya’y nakapanungkulan na sa pamahalaang pilipino
3. may mabuting pag-uugaling moral
4.nagtataguyod ng mga simulain ng Saligang-Batas ng Pilipinas;
5.may ugaling maipagkakapuri sa panahon ng paninirahan sa pilipinas at sa mga pamayanang
kanyang tinitirahan;
6.may ari-arian sa Pilipinas o may pinagkakakitaan, propesyon, o gawaing naaayon sa batas
7. Marunong bumasa’t sumulat ng isang pangunahing wika sa Pilipinas; at
8. nagpapaaral ng mga anak na wala pang sapat na gulang sa paaralang pribado o publiko sa
Pilipinas na nagtuturo ng kasaysayan ng Pilipinas, Pamahalaan, at sibika sa panahon ng
paninirahan sa bansa.
Hindi lahat ng mga dayuhan ay maaaring magharap ng kahilingan upang maging isang
naturalisadong mamamayan sa ilalim ng mga batas ng Pilipinas. Ang sumusunod na mga
dayuhan ay hindi maaaring maging mamamayang Pilipino.
1.Mga taong nahatulan ng kasalanang kaugnay ng moralidad
2.Mga taong walang pagnanais na yumakap sa mga kaugalian, tradisyon, at simulaing maka-
Pilipino
3.Mga taong naniniwala sa Poligamya
4.Mga taong sumasalungat sa organisado o nakatatag na pamahalaan
6.Mga taong naging sakop ng bansang Hindi nagkaloob sa mga pilipino ng karapatang maging
naturalisadong mamamayan ng naturang bansa
Deportasyon ng mga Di-kanais-nais na Dayuhan

Ang mga dayuhan ay mga panauhin sa bansang kanilang tinitirahan kaya’t inaasahang sila’y
kikilos nang wasto at nararapat. Sa sandaling hindi maging kanais-nais ang kanilang pag-
uugali, sila’y pinababalik o ipinatatapong pabalik sa bansang kanilang pinagmulan (deportation
o deportasyon). Ang isang di kanais-nais na dayuhan ay maaaring ipatapon pabalik sa kanyang
bayan sa sumusunod na mga kadahilanan:
1.Mga imoral na gawain, tulad ng Prostitusyon, pagsusugal, at iba pa
2. kawalang-galang sa Bandilang Pilipino at sa mga ugali at tradisyong Pilipino
3.Bigamya at poligamya
4.Panunuhol, panghuhuwad, pagnanakaw, at iba pa
5. pagpupuslit ng mga bawal na gamot, armas, sandata, at iba pang katulad ng mga ito
7.sabotahe o terorismo tulad ng pagwasak sa mga riles ng tren at mga tulay, o sinasadyang
paghadlang sa pag unlad ng ekonomiya ng bansa
Dual Citizenship
Ay kilala bilang republic act 9225 o citizen retention and reacqusition act of 2003 pinagtibay ni
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo noong September 17, 2003
Dokumentong kailangang isumite upang makamit ang dual citizenship
1.Birth certificate galing sa NSO
2.petition for dual citizenship and Issuance of identification Certificate pursuant to RA 9225
Form na may lagda at larawan ng mga nagnanais ng dual citizenship
3.Kaukulang bayad na $50 (dolyar)
4.Iskedyul ng Panunumpa ng katapatan sa Republika ng Pilipinas
Matapos gawin ng Bureau of Immigration ang petisyon, panunumpa at pag-apruba sa mga
dokumento,ipapasa naman ito ng kagawaran sa Philippine Consulante General
Ngunit hindi lahat ng nagnanais ng dual citizenship ay maaaring bigyan ng Ganitong karapatan.
Hindi pinahihintulutan sa dual citizenship ang:
1.Mga dating may pagkamamamayang Pilipinong nakamit ang pagkamamamayan dahil sa
naturalisasyon
2.Batang ipinanganak sa Pilipinas na ang isa sa mga magulang ay Pilipino
Samantalang ang isa pa ay banyaga na nagmula sa bansang gumagamit ng jus sanguinis
bilang prinsipyo ng pagkamamamayan
Hindi rin pinahihintulutanng batas ang mga asawang banyaga ng mga Pilipino sa dual
citizenship. Sila’y pinahihintulutan lamang na magpasa ng dokumento para sa naturalisasyon o
di kaya’y visa na makapanirahan sa pilipinas
Tulad ng iba pang Pilipino, ang may dual citizenship ay may sumusunod na mga karapatan
1.karapatang bumoto at maihalal alinsunod sa iba pang batas ng Pilipinas tulad ng Seksiyon 1,
Artikulo 5 ng Saligang-Batas at Republic act 9189 o Overseas Absentee Voting act of 2003
2.Makapagmayari ng lupa
3.Makapagtayo ng sariling negosyo
4.Makapanirahan sa Pilipinas kahit walang entry visa
5.Makapanirahan sa Pilipinas kahit na ilang taon na walang binabayarang immigration fee
6.Magamit ang pinag-aralang propesyon (doktor, abugado) subalit kailangang kumuha ng
kaukulang permit o lisyensya mula sa kaukulang ahensiya ng pamahaaan
Pagkawala at muling pagkakamit ng

Pagkamamamayan
Ang pagkamamamayan ng isang tao ay maaaring mawala sa sumusuod na mga paraan:
1.Naturalisasyon sa ibang bansa
2.Panunumpa ng katapatan sa saligang-batas ng ibang bansa pagsapit ng 21 taong gulang
3.Pagpasiyang isuko ang pagkamamamayang Pilipino
4.Paglilingkod sa hukbong sandatahan ng ibang bansa
5.Pagkawala ng bisa ng naturalisasyon
6.pagtakas sa hukbong sandatahan ng kanyang bansa panahon ng digmaan
7.Para sa isang Pilipina: ang pagiging mamamayan na ng bansa ng kanyang asawang dayuhan
Ang pamahalaan ay nagtatakda ng sumusunod na mga paraan upang muling makamit ang
pagkamamayan ng isang tao:
1.Naturalisasyon
2.Pagpapatawad sa mga tumakas hukbong sandatahan
3.Tuwirang aksiyon ng kapulungang pambansa
4.pagpapabalik sa sariling bansa ng isang Pilipinong nag-asawa ng isang dayuhang pumipili ng
pagkamamamayan ng kanyang asawa
Ang populasyon ng Bansa

Populasyon- Ang kabuuang bilang ng mga mamamayang naninirahan sa isang lugar ay
tinatawag na populasyon
Mailalarawan ang populasyon ng isang Bansa sa pamamamagitan ng mga sumusunod na
katangian:
1.Laki 2.Bilis ng paglaki 3.Kapal o distribusyon 4.Gulang at, 5.Kasarian
Laki ng populasyon
Pansinin ang mga pagbabagong nangyari mula noong taong 1903-2004
Talahanayan 1
Taon Populasyon
1903 7,635,436
1918 10,314,310
1939 16,000,303
1948 19,234,182
1960 27,087,685
1970 36,684,486
1975 42,070,660
1980 48,098,460
1990 60,703,206
1995 68,616,536
2000 76,504,077
2004 86,241,697
Ang unang senso ay ginawa noong 1591. Ang bilang ng mga tao sa buong kapuluan noon ay
667,612 lamang. Ang unang senso sa ilalim ng pamahalaang amerikano ay ginawa noong
1903. Nang mga panahong iyon, umabot sa 7,635,426 ang populasyon sa bansa
Ayon naman sa senso noong Mayo 1, 1980 may 48,098,460 ang kabuuang populasyon ng
Pilipinas. Makalipas ang sampung taon, 60,703,206 ang naging kabuuang populasyon batay sa
senso noong noong Mayo 1, 1990.
Talahanayan 2
Tinatayang populasyon ng mga rehiyon
Rehiyon 2000 (Mayo 1) 1995 (Setyembre 1990 (Mayo 1)

1)
Pilipinas 76,498,735 68,616,536 60,703,206
NCR 9,932,560 9,454,040 7,948,392
CAR 1,365,220 1,254,838 1,146,191
Ilocos Region 4,200,478 3,803,890 3,550,642
Cagayan Valley 2,813,159 2,536,035 2,340,545

Central Luzon 8,030,945 6,932,570 6,199,017
Southern Tagalog 11,793,655 9,943,096 8,263,099
Bicol Region 4,674,855 4,325,307 3,910,001
Western Visayas 6,208,733 5,776,938 5,393,333
Central Visayas 5,701,064 5,014,588 4,594,124
Eastern Visayas 3,610,355 3,366,917 3,054,490
Western mindanao 3,091,208 2,794,659 2,459,690
Northern Mindanao 2,747,585 2,483,272 2,197,554
Southern Mindanao 5,189,335 4,604,158 4,006,731
Central Mindanao 2,598,210 2,359,808 2,032,958
ARMM 2,412,159 2,020,903 1,836,930
Caraga 2,095,367 1,942,687 1,764,297
Filipinos in Philippine 2,851 2,830 5,212

Embassies/Consulates
and Missions Abroad
Tinatayang mga 50% Ng kabuuang populasyon ng bansa ay naninirahan sa Luzon, 26% Sa
Visayas, at sa Mindanao 24%
Bilis ng paglaki ng populasyon

Ay ang pagtaas at pagbaba ng populasyon sa loob ng isang Taon. Ang mataas ngunit
marahang pagbaba ng bilis ng pagaanak at ang patuloy na pagbaba ng bilang ng mga
namamatay ang dahilan ng patuoy na paglaki ng populasyon
Talahanayan 3
Bilis ng paglaki ng Populasyon
Taon populasyon Antas ng paglaki ng
Populasyon (%)
1990 60,703,206 2.35
1995 68,616,536 2.32
2000 76,504,077 2.36
2004 86,241,697 1.88
Distribusyon ng populasyon
Pag aralan ang tsart ng populasyong ipinakikita sa talahanayan4. Kapansin-pansin ang hindi
pantay na distribusyon ng populasyon sa iba’t ibang lugar sa bansa. May mga dahilan kung
bakit hindi pantay ang distribusyon ng populasyon. Isa sa mga ito ang pandarayuhan.
Talahanayan 4
Kapal ng populasyon ng Pilipinas
Rehiyon Lawak ng Lupain Bilang ng tao bawat Bilang ng Tao bawat
(km2) km2( May 1,2000) km2(Sep1,200)
NCR 617.3 16,091 15,316
CAR 19,392.9 70 65
Ilocos Region 13,193.0 318 288
Cagayan valley 31,158.5 90 81
Central Luzon 18,392.5 437 377
Kasarian at Gulang ng populasyon

Nasa ibaba ang talahanayang nagpapakita ng komposisyon ng bansa sa taong 2000. Ipinakikita
ng talahanayan ang populasyon ng bansa ayon sa kasarian at gulang ng populasyon. Suriin ito.
Talahanayan 5
Kasarian at gulang ng populasyon
2000
Pangkat ayon sa Gulang Lalaki Babae
1 pababa 986,506 930,925
0-5 3,965,426 3,786,645
5-9 4,962,013 4,732,768
10-5 4,541,197 4,408,417
15-19 4,017,830 3,999,468
20-24 3,522,518 3,546,885
25-29 3,053,616 3,017,473
Malaking bahagi ng populasyon ang nasa lima hanggang siyam na taong gulang.
Nangangahulugan itong higit na nakararami ang mga bata sa Pilipinas. Mas mataas ang bilang
ng mga kalalakihan kaysa sa kababaihan Halos 59% ang kalalakihan samantalang 41% naan
ang mga kababaihan. Sa kabila nito, ayon sa pinakahuling tala ng NSO sa taong 2004, mas
maiksi ang inaasahang life expectancy ng mga kalalakihan sa edad na 66.7 kumpara sa mga
kababaihan sa edad na 72.6. Sa kabuuan, ang inaasahang haba ng buhay ng mga Pilipino ay
umaabot lamang sa 69.9 na taon.
Populasyon ng mga pamayanang Rural at Urban

Makikita sa ibaba ang ulat ng populasyong rural at urban sa taong 1994 hanggang 2000. Suriin
ang talahanayan at pag-aralan ito.
Talahanayan 6
Populasyon ng mga pamayanang Rural at Urban
Taon Urban Rural
1994 6,347,291 6,407,653
1997 6,750,641 7,441,821
2000 7,489,853 7,779,802
kabuuan 20,587,785 21,629,276
Mapapansin sa talahanayang ito na ang populasyon sa mga pook-rural ay higit na nakararami

kaysa sa populasyon ng pook-urban mula noong 1994 hanggang 2000. Ngunit sa kasalukuyang
tala ng NSO, 60% ng populasyon ng pilipinas ang nagmula sa pook-urban samantalang 40%
naman sa pook-rural. Karaniwang matao at magulo ang mga pook-urban kaysa sa pook-rural.
Sa pook-urban, maraming sasakyan at magkakalapit ang mga tirahan. Marami ring mga Gusali
at Tindahang komersiyal. Ang mga lungsod ay ang mga pook-urban. Mga halimbawa nito ang
Cebu, Maynila, Makati, Quezon, at pasig. Pook urban din ang mga bayang kapal ng populasyon
ay 500 katao sa bawat isang kilometro kwadrado.
Populasyon ng Pilipinas Ayon sa Relihiyon

Makikita sa ibaba ang porsiyento ng populasyon ng Pilipinas ayon sa Relihiyon
Relihiyon Porsiyento
Katoliko romano 83%
Protestante 9%
Muslim 5%
Buddhist, atb. 3%
Pandarayuhan ng mga mamamayan

ang paglipat ng lugar na paninirahan ay tinatawag na pandarayuhan o
migrasyon. Ang pandarayuhan ng mga pilipino sa isang bayan, lalawigan,
o rehiyon patungo sa ibang bahagi ng ating bansa ay tinatawag
na pandarayuhang panloob. Ang pag-alis naan ng mga Pilipinong
nagtutungo sa ibang bansa ay tinatawag na pandarayuhang panlabas.
Mga dahilan ng pandarayuhan

Marami ang dahilan kung bakit nandarayuhan ang mga pilipino. Nangunguna sa mga dahilang
ito ang kaunlarang pangkabuhayan. Mithiin ng bawat Pilipino ang mapabuti at ang mapaunlad
ang kanilang kabuhayan. Marami ang naniniwalang higit na uunlad ang kanilang buhay kung
lilipat sila ng kapaligiran. Isa rin sa mga dahilan ng mga tagalalawigan upang dumayo ay ang
kaginhawaang matatagpuan sa mga pook-urban ay ang transportasyon, komunikasyon,
kagamitang de-kuryente, at ng mga bagay at pook na mapag-aaliwan. Para sa kaligtasan ng
mga mamamayan, dumarayo o lumilikas sila sa ibang lalawigan o pamayanang ligtas at
payapa.
Epekto ng Pandarayuhan
May mga idinudulot na epekto sa pook na nililipatan ang taong lumipat ang pandarayuhan. Ilan
sa mga ito ay ang di-pagkakaunawaang dulot ng pagkakaiba-iba ng pangkat na kinabibilangan,
kaugalian, at relihiyon. Isa ring epekto nito ang paglaki ng Suliranin sa pagkakakitaan dulot ng
kakulangan sa mga paglilingkod na pambayan, gaya ng pabahay, patubig, pagamutan, at
Transportasyon.
Mga pagpapahalaga at Paniniwalang Nagbubuklod

sa mga Pilipino
Pananalig sa Diyos
Naniniwala ang mga Pilipinong may Diyos na siyang pinagmumulan ng mga biyayang
kanilang tinatanggap sa araw-araw
Makikita sa halos lahat ng mga pook sa Pilipinas ang iba ibang simbahan o bahay-dalanginan.
Kristyano man o Muslim, ipinakikita nila ang kanilang pagpapahalaga sa Panginoon sa
paggawa nang mabuti sa kapwa at sa lahat ng nilikha. Sinusunod nila ang kautusan ng kani-
kanilang relihiyon
Pagpapahalaga sa Kalinangan
Naniniwala ang mga Pilipino sa kahalagahan ng edukasyon bilang instrumento ng Pag-
unlad at pag-sulong. Naniniwala ang mga Pilipino na Ang mga kabataan ang Pag-asa ng
bayan. Sa abot ng kanilang makakaya, pinangangaralan nila at matiyagang sinusubaybayan
ang paglaki ng kanilang mga anak upang lumaking may pagpapahalagang moral, at
magtagumpay sa Buhay. Pinagsusumikapan ng mga magulang na maitaguyod ang pagaaral ng
mga ana upang sila ay matuto at lumaking mabuting tao
Pagpapahalaga sa Demokrasya
Mahalaga sa mga Pilipino ang mga simulain ng demokrasya. Ito angnagpapaalalang
ang kapangyarihan ng pamahalaan ay nasa mga mamamayan. Nagmumula sa pasya ng
nakararaming mamamayan ang pasya ng mga pinunong namamahala sa bansa. Sa
pamamamagitan ng halalan, malayang nakaboboto ang mga Pilipino. Dito mapipili nila ang
gusto nilang kinatawang mamumuno sa pamahalaan.
Pagpapahalaga sa kalayaan
Nasusulat sa kasaysayan ng Bansa kung paano pinatunayan ng maraming Pilipino
ang kanilang pagpapahalaga sa kalayaan. Mahirap at mayaman, matalino at mangmang, lalaki
at babae, matanda at bata ay nagpakita ng pagtatanggol para sa kalayaan ng Bansa noong
EDSA Revolution. May mga nagbuwis pa ng kanilang buhay para sa kalayaan ng Bansa.
Hanggang sa kalayaan.
Pagpapahalaga sa Pagkakapantay-pantay ng tao

Marami sa mga pilipino ang naniniwala sa pagkakapantay-pantay ng tao. Ipinakikita
ito ng mga Pilipino sa pagiging magiliw sa mga panauhin. Walang tinitingnan ang mga pilipino,
Maging anuman ang anyo, kulay ng balat, o katayuan sa Buhay. Handang aliwin, paglingkuran,
at pakainin ng mga Pilipino ang kapwa Pilipino ang kapwa Pilipino at maging ang mga dayuhan.
Ang mga Pilipino ay maniniwalang ipinanganak ang lahat ng pantay-pantay.
-------------\
II - Pag-Asa wrote a new note: ARALING PANLIPUNAN 4th QUARTERLY TEST

REVIEWER.
NASYONALISMO SA TSINA
Bunga ng Imperyalismong Kanluranin

1. Rebelyong Taiping (dakilang kapayapaan)
-Hung Hsiu-Chan
-ayaw sa Manchu at kanluranin; nagpakamatay
2. Rebelyong Boxer- nagmula sa Boxer Harmony Fists
-gusto sa Manchu; ayaw sa dayuhan kaya pumatay ng 240ng dayuhan
-hindi nagtagumpay kasi nagpadala ng 20,000 na sundalo ang bawat bansang kanluranin
Sun Yat-Sen: demokrasya
-partidong kuomintang
-3 prinsipyo:
a. nasyonalismo
b. demokrasya
c. kabuhayan
Rebelyong Tsino o Double Ten (Oct. 10, 1911)
-pagbagsak ng Manchu
-Republika ng Tsina
Sun Yat-Sen: pansamantalang pangulo
Yuan Shih Kai: pumalit after 6 weeks
1920: bumalik si Sun Yat-Sen
Heneral Chiang Kai-Shek: pumalit uli kay Sun (1925)

Komunismo: by Karl Marx
-lahat ay pag-aari ng estado
Mao Zedong- kinalaban si Chiang
-Long March: pagtakas ni Mao
WORLD WAR 2: nagsama muna ang komunista at mga demokratiko para mapaalis ang dayuhan
(United Front)
DIGMAANG SIBIL: Chiang vs. Mao (Komunismo vs. Demokrasya)
PEOPLES' REPUBLIC OF CHINA- Oct. 1, 1949
Chairman: Mao Zedong
*TUMAKAS SI CHIANG AT PUMUNTA NG TAIWAN AT ITINATAG ANG REPUBLIC

OF CHINA
Nasyonalismo sa Timog Silangang Asya
a. Burma (hawak ng mga Ingles)
MGA NANGUNA:
1. Saya San- magbubukid, hindi nagtagumpay
2. Nu at Aung San- nagtatag ng All Burma Students' Union bago World War 2 at Anti-Facist
People's Freedom League sa kasagsagan ng World War 2
*Aung San- punong ministro ng makamit ang kalayaan (1947)

*U Nu- pumalit
b. Indo-China (sakop ng France)
MGA NANGUNA:
1. Haring Norodom- Cambodia
2. Emperador Bao Dai- Vietnam
3. Haring Vong- Laos
c. Indonesia
MGA NANGUNA:
1. Dipongero- 1825
2. Sukarno- 1929
MGA SAMAHAN:
1. Budi Ototmo (1908)- kultura ng Java
2. Sarekat Islam (1911)- kabuhayan at pulitikal
3. Indonesian Communist Party (1920)
4. Indonesian Nationalist Party
-Achmed Sukarno; dineklara ang kalayaan no'ng 1945
d. PILIPINAS <3
You must know this =)))) HAHA
PANGYAYARI:
- Pagtatatag ng Nara
-Fujiwara
-Kamakura
-ashikaga
-Tokugawa
2 yugto sa pagpasok ng Kanluranin
-Misyonerong Tsino
-Misyonerong Pinoy (Christianity)
RESULTA: sakoku
Pagbubukas muli
-Dumating si Matthew Perry
*Natakot ang Japan kasi mas modern ang US; nais gawing base militar ang Japan
MEIJI RESTORATION: Mutsuhito
-naliwanagang pamahalaan
PAGLAKAS NG PAMAHALAAN
Mga ginaya:
Konstitusyon: Germany
Hukbong Militar- Germany
Hukbong Pandagat- England
Edukasyon- US
IMPERYALISMO
a. Digmaang Sino-Hapones (1894-1895)
SANHI: Pangingialam ng Japan sa Korea
BUNGA: Kasunduan ng Shimonoseki: binigay ang Taiwan sa Japan; bayad-pinsala
b. Digmaang Russo-Hapones (1904-1905)
SANHI: Takot ng Japan na lumakas ang mga Hapones
BUNGA: Kasunduan ng Portsmouth
*PAREHAS NA NANALO ANG JAPAN
BAKIT NAGPALAWAK ANG JAPAN?
1. lumalakas na ang kanilang militar
2. overpopulation- kulang ang likas na yaman
3. 1910s- Great Depression
"GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SHARE"
-ginawa ng Japan para mapaalis ang Kanluranin
-Asya para sa Asyano

3 PARAAN NG PAGPAPATIGIL NG US SA JAPAN
1. Pagfreeze ng pera nila
2. Pagtigil sa pagluwas ng metal at langis ng US patungong Japan
3. Pagtigil sa pakikipagkalakalan
PANGYAYARI PATUNGONG PEARL HARBOR
Great Depression
Sinakop ang Manchuria
Rape of Nanking
Pearl Harbor
EPEKTO NG WORLD WAR II SA PEARL HARBOR:
- 49 na malalaking barko ang lumubog
- 3000 na Amerikano ang namatay
- 200 na eroplano ang nasira
*Axis Power- Italy, Germany at Japan
Allied Forces- US, Engalnd, France <3
DATES:
Dec. 7, 1941- pagpapasabog ng Pearl Harbor
April 18, 1942- pagbomba sa Tokyo

May 1942- July 1945:
-pagbawi ng America sa Pilipinas
-pagtulong sa Australia
-Potsdam Declaration- nais ng US na sumuko na ang Japan
August 1945
6- Hiroshima bombing
9- Nagasaki bombing
14- pagsuko ng Japan
Sept. 2 1945- V-J DAY/ Victory Over Japan Day
Soviet Union/ USSR- Union of Soviet Socialists Republic
COLD WAR- labanan ng US at USSR pero hindi madugo
-pasikatan, nilalaban and idelohiya'
US
Alyansa: Nothern Atlantic Treaty Org
Nukleyar: Nauna sa hydrogen bomb
Space race: Cosmonaut; Neil Armstrong
USSR
Alyansa: Warsaw Pact
Nukleyar: sumunod sa hydrogen bomb\

Space race: Sputnik; naunang magka-satellite
KOREA
AFTER WAR:
Potsdam Declaration (paghahati)
Mr. Rhee- pinuno ng South; demokrasya
Kim-II sung- sa North; komunismo
KOREAN WAR (1950-1953)
SANHI: PANANAKOP NG NORTH SA SOUTH
PANGYAYARI:
-Tumawid ang mga taga-North patunging south (hulyo 25, 1950); hindi handa ang mga south
Koreans
-Sinuportahan ni Truman ng US at ng UN ang South
-Linusob ng South and North, muntik manalo
-Tumulong ang China sa North
-Mas maraming nasakop ang North
-Nilagdaan ang 38th parallel bilang hangganan
*DMZ- demilitarized Zone, bawal ang kaguluhan doon
BUNGA:
-hiwalay pa rin ang dalawang bansa; isang demokrasya at isang komunismo
-5 milyon ang namatay

VIETNAM WAR (1957-1973)
Sanhi: Nais na pagsakop ng France sa Vietnam after ng World War II
PANGYAYARI:-Nanguna si Ho Chi Minh sa pagpapaalis ng Pranses; komunismo ang nais
-Natalo ang mga Pranses at nilagdaan ang 17th latitude noong 1954 na naghahati sa Vietnam
-Nagtangka ng coup ang mga komunista sa South na tinatawag ding Vietcong
-Nagpadala ng mga armas ang US sa south bilang panakot
-Binomba ng North ang 2 barko ng US sa panahon ng pamumuno ni Johnson
-Naghiganti ang US
-Hindi nagtagumpay dahil tumulong ang China at dahil sa labanan sa Korea
-Nagtagumpay si Ho at nasakop ang buong teritoryo
BUNGA:
-1,500,000 Vietnamese ang namatay
-58,000 Amerikano ang namatay
-bumagsak ang ekonomiya
BAKIT SINASAKOP ANG MIDDLE EAST?
1. likas na yaman
2. pag-unlad ng kalakalan
3. sentro ng ugnayan
4. pagsiklab ng digmaan
5. pagtatag ng relihyon
-Judaismo at Kristiyanismo sa Israel; Islam sa Saudi
KAGANAPAN
-tumungo ang mga Jew sa Palestine
-pinatalsik ng panahon ng Romano
-nanumbalik noong 1800-1900 (Zionism)
-hidwaang Jew at Palestenian
-Balfour Declaration (WW2)- tirahan ng mga HUdyo ang Palestine
-Hinati ang Palestine sa dalawa after ng WW2
-Tinatag ang estado ng Israel (May 14, 1948)
MGA LABANAN
1. Arab-Israeli(1948)- pagtutulungan ng Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan at Iraq
2. Krisis sa Suez (1956)- pag-aangkin ng mga Egyptian sa Suez Canal;
pagsalakay sa Egypt ng Israel at Britain
3. 6 day war- egypt, Syria at Jordan vs. Israel
4. Yom KippurWar- pag-atake ng Egypt at Syria sa banal na araw ng mga Israeli
Ekonomiya ng Asya- pag-ikot ng pera
PAG-UNLAD NG EKONOMIYA
-Silk Road at Strait of Malacca

-Suez Canal
-Industriyalisasyon
-Great Depression
-Socialism at Four tigers
*SOCIALISM- ginamit ng China at India
-hawak ng gobyerno ang kumpanya
*FOUR TIGERS (lahat may impluwensiyang Tsino)
1. South Korea
2. Taiwan
3/ Hong Kong
4. Singapore
DAHILAN SA PAG-UNLAD
1. Pangunguna ng pamahalaan
2. Asian values
3. Networking
Taiwan- export-oriented; modernong gamit
Singapore at South Korea- free market economy o malayang kalakalan
SOUTH KOREA: entropot trade o pagiging middle man
Hong Kong- autonomous economy; ginaya ang sa British

MGA INDUSTRIYA SA ASYA:
Agrikultura:
-Timog Silangan
-Silangan
-Timog
Awto:
-Japan
-China
-South Korea
Elektroniks
-Japan
-South Korea
-Taiwan
-Hong Kong
-Sinagpore
FishingIndustry
-Indonesia
-PHILIPPINES!!
-Japan
-China
-India
Langis
-Saudi Arabia
-Iraq
-Iran
-Kuwait
-UAE
ORGANISASYON
1. OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
-pagliban sa pagluwas ng langis sa mga bansang kaalyado ng Israel
2. PLO- Palestinian Liberation Organization
-paglaban sa sariling lupain
3. Intifada- civil disobedience o 'di pagsunod sa pamahalaan ng Israel
PERSIAN GULF WAR
Sanhi: Pag-angkin ni Sadam Hussein sa Kuwait (Iraq)
*Nagpadala ng stealth bomber ang UN

Bunga: Bumalik ang mga Iraqi sa kanilang bansa
PAMAHALAAN- gumagawa at nagpapatupad ng batas
-naniningil ng buwis
-naglalaan ng gastusin
MGA URI
1. Monarkiya- monarko ang namumuno
a. Absolute- masusunod ang lahat ng gusto ng monarko (eg Saudi)
b. Constitutional- simbolo lang ng monarko (eg Japan)
2. Demokrasya
a. direct- lahat bumoboto; federal and republic
b. indirect- may grupo lamang na bumuboto
3. Komunismo- isang party ang namumuno
-equal, common, pantay
ORGANISASYON:
a. ASEAn- Association of Southeast Asian Countries
layunin:
-mapaunlad ang ekonomiya, lipunan at kultura ng mga bansa

-kapayapaan at katatagan sa rehiyon
b. APEC- Asia-Pacific Economic Corp (tinatag sa Australia)
layunin:
-kalakalan, pamumuhunan at pagkakaisa
c. OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
layunin:
-maayos n a produksyon at pagluwas ng langis
-presyo ng langis
d. Arab League- layunin: tiyakin ang kaayusan ng mga kasapi
e. GATT- general agreement on tariffs and trade- layunin: malayang kalakalan
f. WTO- world trade org- layunin: makagawa patakaran sa kalakalan
KULTURANG ASYANO (I'm not sure kung kasama)
a. ARKITEKTURA
China- Great wall and Forbidden city
Japan- Shinto Shrine and Emperor's palace
India- Taj Mahal

Arab- Minaret, Moske at Dome of the rock
b. PANITIKAN
Epiko ng gilgamesh- unang epiko
Vedas- unang aklat
Ramayana- epiko ng mga Jindu
Mahabarata- pinakamahabang tulang epiko
Confucian Classics at Tao Te Ching- Confucianism and Taoism
TORAH, BIBLE AND KORAN
Tale of Genji- unang nobela
Sei Shonagon- salaysay ng maharlika sa Japan
c. PALAKASAN
OLYMPIC GAMES, ASIAN GAMES, SOUTHEAST ASIAN GAMES
PAMILYANG ASYANO
Pamilya- pinakamaliit na yunit ng lipunan
2 URI
a. NUKLEYAR- ama, anak, ina
b. EXTENDED- pati mga kamag-anak

2 ANYO
a. Monogamous
b. Polygamous
Polygyny- lalaking maraming asawa
Polyandry- babaeng maraming asawa
PAMILYA SA INDIA
-extended at patriarchal
-purdah o bawal humalo ang babae sa lalaki
-belo na sinusuot
-sutee o pagsunog sa sarili ng babae 'pag namatay ang asawa
PAMILYA SA CHINA
-extended at filial piety
-one-child policy
PAMILYA SA KOREA AT JAPAN
-nukleyar at patriyarkal
PAMILYA SA KANLURANG ASYA
-extended at patriarchal
-polygyny

END OF AP II 3
^Exactly what's written on my notes.
---------------------------\
1. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
This paragraph appears in which historic document?
A. The Declaration of Independence

B. The Freedom of Information Act
C. The Mayflower Compact
D. The Magna Carta
E. The U. S. Constitution
2. What does the acronym NAFTA stand for?
A. North American Federal Tariff Association

B. North African Free Trade Agreement
C. Non-American Final Territory Agreement
D. North American Free Tariff Agreement
E. North American Free Trade Agreement
3. Women, such as Susan B. Anthony, fought for suffrage and were finally successful in 1920.
What does suffrage mean?
A. Right to free speech

B. Right to get an education
C. Right to vote
D. Right to work
E. Right to get divorced
4. Supply and demand are two important factors that influence the market. Supply means the
amount of a specific product or service available. Demand refers to the amount of that product or
service consumers want to purchase. Both of these factors influence the price of goods. For
example, if there is a large supply of a product which few people want to buy, the price of that
product will go down. As the price goes down, demand usually increases. Eventually, a balance
between the two factors is reached and the optimal price for that product or service is
determined. At that point, the supply and demand have reached equilibrium.
Why does demand only "usually" go up when the price is lowered?
A. Demand always increases on its own

B. The supply is often decreased instead
C. Price may not be the only factor causing low demand
D. People want to pay more for products, not less
E. The system is only based on speculation so nothing is certain
If supply of a product is limited, but demand is high, how would the price be affected?
A. It would go up
B. It would go down
C. It would stay the same
D. It would fluctuate
E. It would reach equilibrium
Based on the passage, what does equilibrium mean?
A. Capitalism
B. Inflation
C. Perfect price
D. Final destination
E. Balance
7. A new dog toy is introduced in pet stores in April for $19.99, but by December the toy is
being sold for $4.99. According to the law of supply and demand which is most likely to be true
about the dog toy?
A. Supply for the toy was low but demand was high
B. Supply for the toy was high but the demand was low
C. Both the supply and the demand for the toy were low
D. Both the supply and the demand for the toy were high
E. Answer cannot be determined
8. If a drought severely reduces the amount of corn available to consumers, what would you
expect to happen?
A. The supply of corn would go up

B. The demand for corn would go down
C. The price of corn would stay the same
D. The price of corn would go down
E. The price of corn would go up
9. If 200 jobs are available and only 100 people are unemployed, what will have to happen
according to the laws of supply and demand?
A. Companies needing employees will need to increase pay

B. Companies needing employees will need to decrease pay
C. Companies needing employees will need to reduce benefits
D. Companies needing employees will need to fire workers
E. The laws of supply and demand do not apply to this situation
10. What type of government does the United States have?
A. Monarchy
B. Democracy
C. Dictatorship
D. Theocracy
E. Oligarchy
11. In the first half of the 20th century, it was not unusual for African American people to have to
use different drinking fountains, lunch counters, and even schools than other Americans. This
was known as which of the following?
A. Segregation
B. Civil Rights
C. The White Man's Burden
D. Affirmative action
E. Slavery
12. If the last presidential election was in 2000, when will the next one take place?
A. 2002
B. 2006
C. 2004
D. 2005
E. 2010
13. American writer Henry David Thoreau wrote that if a law "requires you to be the agent of
injustice to another, then I say, break the law." What idea is Thoreau supporting?
A. Anarchy
B. Marxism
C. Violent opposition
D. Free speech
E. Civil disobedience
14. What does a map's legend help you do?
A. Understand the purpose of the map

B. Calculate the real distance shown on the map
C. Locate specific cities or rivers on the map
D. Read the map's symbols correctly
E. Fold the map neatly
15. Which government official(s) is appointed and not elected by the U. S. citizens?
A. President
B. Congressman
C. Supreme Court Justice
D. Senator
E. Governor
16. In the United States, individuals who are suspected of criminal behavior are considered
innocent until they are proven guilty. All citizens have the right to due process which means they
are entitled to a fair trial before a jury of their peers. In addition, they have a right to a lawyer
who will help them support their case. Because the suspect is considered innocent until judged
otherwise, the prosecution has the burden of proof. Even after a verdict is made on the case, both
sides can appeal to a higher court to reconsider the decision. All of these steps are in place to
protect the safety and liberty of all Americans.
What is "burden of proof"?
A. Refers to the credibility of witnesses

B. The responsibility for convincing the jury of their case
C. The suspect's duty to provide an alibi
D. The suspect's right to an attorney
E. The responsibility given to jurors
Why can court decisions be appealed?
A. So that mistakes can be corrected if they are made

B. To give both sides a chance to prepare a stronger case
C. To stop the justice system from working efficiently
D. To allow more people the chance to hear the case
E. To ask the judge to rethink his current position on the case
In other countries, suspects are considered guilty until proven innocent. How would this affect
the burden of proof in a trial?
A. More evidence on both sides would be needed

B. No evidence would be needed for a conviction
C. The prosecutor would have burden of proof instead of the defendant
D. The defendant would have the burden of proof instead of the prosecutor
E. It would have no effect
Why is the right to due process important?

A. It prevents innocent people from being wrongly punished
B. It provides more work for lawyers
C. It lets ordinary citizens be part of the judicial system
D. It forces innocent people to prove their innocence
E. It keeps crime rates low
20. Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal helped America recover from the Great Depression
by providing federal money for construction projects, including schools and roads. How did this
help the country recover?
A. It gave money back to the tax payers

B. It created desperately needed good paying jobs
C. It encouraged wealthy people to do the same thing
D. It made trade easier with Mexico
E. It allowed construction companies to make a large profit
21. In American cities after the Industrialization Age began, it was not unusual to see children
huddled together without shoes, warm clothing, shelter, or decent food. These children illustrated
what unhappy effect of Industrialization in the United States?
A. Because the focus was on manufacturing, not enough shoes were made
B. Because of low wages, many people lived in poverty
C. Because of protective employment laws, child laborers could no longer be employed
D. Because of the freedom women experienced in the workplace, many abandoned their children
E. Because parents work days were guided by strict rules, they were often strict at home. As a
result, their children ran away and lived on the streets.
Answer Key
1. E
2. E
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. E
7. B
8. E
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. E
14. D
15. C
16. B
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. B
21. B
--------------------\\\\\
1. All of the following constitute the meaning of political science except:
1. A basic knowledge and understanding of the state.

2. It is primarily concerned with the association of human beings into a political community.
3. Common knowledge every events taking place in the society.
4. It deals with the relationship among men and groups which are subject to the control by the
state.
2. It refers to the community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a

definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of
inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control.
1. Sovereignty
2. Nation
3. Citizenship
4. State
3. It refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried
out.
1. Government
2. Sovereignty
3. Constitution
4. Laws
4. What are the four elements of state?
A. people, territory, sovereignty, government
B. people, constitution, territory, government

C. government, law, peace, territory
D. constitution, people, land, independence
5. What theory asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary
compact among the people to form a society and organize government for their common good.
1. Necessity Theory
2. Devine Right Theory
3. Social Contact Theory
4. Social Compact Theory
6. Government exists and should continue to exist for the benefit of the people.
1. The statement is a general truth.

2. The statement is just an assumption.
3. The statement is a fallacy.
4. There is no basis for judgment.
7. What are the forms of government in which the political power is exercised by a few privilege
class.
1. Oligarchy and Aristocracy

2. Aristocracy and Monarchy
3. Theocracy and Fascism
4. Democracy and Tyranny
8. The pre-colonial Philippines has no established government. Its villages and settlements were
called barangays.
1. Only the first statement is true and correct.

2. Only the second statement is true and correct.
3. Both statements are true and correct.
4. Both statements are untrue and incorrect.
9. There were four social classes of people in the pre-colonial barangays. They were the nobles,
freemen, serfs, and the slaves.

10. What are the two known written codes during the pre-Spanish era in the Philippines?
1. Maragtas and Kalantiaw Codes

2. Sumakwil and Sulayman Codes
3. Panay and Subanon Codes
4. Hammurabi and Ur Nammu Codes
11. Under the Spanish colonial government, who directly governed the Philippines?
1. The Governor-General
2. The Viceroy of Mexico
3. The Royal Audiencia
4. The King of Spain
12. What is the first city to be established in 1565 in the Philippines?
1. Manila
2. Davao
3. Cebu
4. Iloilo
13.The government which Spain established in the Philippines was defective. It was a
government for the Spaniards and not for the Filipinos.

4. Both statements are untrue and incorrect
14. What was the secret society founded in 1896 that precipitated the glorious revolution against
the Spaniards.
1. The Katipunan
2. The Kalahi
3. The Biak na Bato Republic
4. The Ilustrado
15. Arranged the sequence of governments during the revolutionary era:

1. The Dictatorial Government
2. The Revolutionary Government
3. The Biak-na-Bato Republic
4. The First Philippine Republic
1. 2314
2. 3124
3. 4132
4. 1234
16. Arranged according to its establishment during the American Regime:

1. The Commonwealth Government
2. The Military Government
3. The Civil Government
1. 123
2. 231
3. 321
4. 213
17. What was the civil government established during the Japanese occupation of the
Philippines?
1. The Japanese Imperial Government

2. The Philippine Republic
3. The Puppet Government of Japan
4. The Philippine Executive Commission
18. The Constitution used by the Philippine government from the commonwealth period until
1973.
1. The Malolos Constitution

2. The Biak-na-Bato Constitution
3. The 1935 Constitution
4. The 1901 Constitution
19. What kind of government was installed under the 1973 Constitution under the Marcos
regime?
1. Modified Presidential system

2. Modified Parliamentary system
3. Military system
4. Bicameral system
20. A de facto government acquires a de jure status when it gains wide acceptance from the
people and recognition from the community of nations.
1. The statement is true and valid.

2. The statement is an assumption.
3. The statement is a fallacy.
4. The statement is doubtful.
21. It is defined as written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are
established, limited and defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several
departments or branches for their and useful exercise for the benefit of the people.
1. Laws
2. Statutes
3. Constitution
4. Ordinances
22. There is no Constitution that is entirely written or unwritten.
1. The statement is true and correct.

2. The statement is incorrect.
3. The statement is partially correct.
4. There is no basis to conclude.
23. Requisites of a good written constitution.
1. Brief
2. Broad
3. Definite
4. All of the given options
24. Who has the authority to interpret the constitution?
1. Private individual
2. Courts
3. Legislative and Executive departments of the government
4. All of the given options
25. “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God , in order to build a
just and humane society and establish a government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote our common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and
our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and the regime
of truth, justice, freedom, equality and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”
What part of Constitution is this?
1. General Provision
2. Amendments
3. Preamble
4. National Patrimony
Economics, Taxation, Land Reform, and Cooperative

3.1 Manifest understanding of the Philippine economic condition with respect to taxation, land
reform, cooperative as well as to the growth of its Gross National Product (GNP).
3.2 Apply the economic principles to the current economic condition of the Philippines.
Practice Tests
1. The problem of scarcity _____.
A. arises only in poor countries.
B. exists because the price of goods is too high.
C. exists because of limited resources.
D. will eventually be solve by better planning.
2. “If an individual is to maximize the utility received from the consumption, he or she should
spend all available income…” This statement assumes ________.
1. that saving is impossible.

2. that the individual is not satiated in all goods.
3. that no goods are “inferior.”
4. both A and B.
3. An individual’s demand curve

A. represents the various quantities that the consumer is willing to purchase of a good at various
price levels.
B. is derived from an individual’s indifference curve map.
C. will shift if preferences, price of other goods, or income change.
D. all of the above.
4. What is a firm?
1. A president, some vice presidents, and some employees

2. Any organization that wants to make a profit.
3. Any accumulation of productive assets.
4. Any organization that turns inputs into outputs
5. If more and more labor is employed while keeping all other inputs constant, the marginal
physical productivity of labor _____.
1. will eventually increase.

2. will eventually decrease.
3. will eventually remain constant.
4. cannot tell from the information provided.
6. In general, microeconomic theory assumes that the firms attempt to maximize the difference
between ______.
1. total revenue and accounting costs.

2. price and marginal cost.
3. total revenues and economic costs.
4. economic costs and average cost.
7. In a competitive market, efficient allocation of resources is characterized by ________.
1. a price greater than the marginal cost of production.

2. the possibility of further mutually beneficial transactions.
3. the largest possible sum of consumer and producer surplus.
4. a value of consumer surplus equal to that of producer surplus.
8. Price controls _______.
1. are always popular with consumers because they lower prices.

2. create shortages.
3. increase producer surplus because firms can now sell a greater quantity of a good at a lower
price.
4. are necessary to preserve equity.
9. The excess burden of tax is ____.
1. The amount of which the price of a good increases

2. The loss of consumer and producer surplus that is not transferred elsewhere.
3. The amount y which a person’s after-tax income decrease as a result of the new tax.
4. The welfare costs to firms forced to leave the market due to an inward shift of the demand
curve.
10. In the opening of the free trade, if world prices of a good are less than domestic prices of that
same good, _________.
1. domestic consumers will experience a loss of surplus.

2. domestic prices will drop to the world price level.
3. all domestic producers of that good will try to find another market because they can’t compete
with foreign producers.
4. domestic producers will increase the quantity supplied in order to crowd out the foreign
produced goods.
11. It states that as the price of the commodities increase the amount of goods the consumer is
willing to purchase decrease and as the price of the commodities decrease the willingness of the
consumer to buy increases and other factor remain constant.
1. Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility

2. Law of Gravity
3. Law of Supply
4. Law of Demand
12. A deliberate attempt to recognize and transform existing agrarian system with the intention
of improving the distribution of agricultural incomes and thus fostering rural development.
1. Millennium Development Plan C. Water Reform

2. Land Reform D. Development Goals
13. What is the process by which the productive capacity of the economy is increased over time
to bring about rising levels of national output and income?
1. Economic growth C. Economic development

2. Industry D. Employment
14. A system whereby the determination of exchange rate is left solely to the market forces.
1. Foreign exchange liberalization

2. Import liberalization
3. Terms of trade
4. Foreign investment
15. All are possible results when a high population growth rate continues in the Third World
except
1. growth of slums
2. spread of diseases due to poverty and poor sanitation
3. not enough schools, hospitals, roads, bridges, etc.
4. increased Gross National Product
16. Which of the following is the nature of power of taxation?
1. It is inherent in sovereignty.
2. It is legislative in nature.
3. It is subject to constitutional and inherent limitations.
4. All of the above
17. A kind of tax based on the rate of which decreases as the tax base or bracket increases.
1. Progressive C. Regressive
2. Graduated D. Proportional
18. Agrarian reform program, Philippine experience is a success.
1. The statement is generally true.

2. The statement is doubtful.
3. The statement is untrue.
4. There is no basis to conclude.
19. It is also known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)
1. Presidential Decree # 2
2. Presidential Decree # 27
3. Republic Act 6657
4. Republic Act 5766
20. The Cooperatives Development Program of the government is designed primarily to support
the agrarian reform program. It aims to achieve a dignified existence for the small farmers free
from pernicious institutional restraints and practices.

Philippine Government and Constitution
Elements of State
1. People
2. Territory
3. Government
4. Sovereignty
1. internal
2. external
Origin of States
1. Devine Right Theory

2. Necessity or Force Theory
3. Paternalistic Theory
4. Social Contract Theory
State distinguished from nation

State is a political concept while nation is an ethnic concept.
State is not subject to external control while nation may or may not be.
A single state may consist of one or more nations or people and conversely, a single
nation may be made up of several states.
Purpose and Necessity of Government
1.
1. Advancement of the public welfare
2. Consequence of absence
Forms of Government
1. As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers:

1. Monarchy
1.
1.
1. absolute
2. limited
1.
1. Aristocracy
2. Democracy
1. direct or pure democracy
2. Indirect, representative, or republican
1. As to extent of powers exercise by the central or national government:

1. Unitary government
2. Federal Government
2. As to relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government:
1. Parliamentary government
2. Presidential government
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES IN TRANSITION
The pre-Spanish government

1. Unit of government
2. Datu
3. Social classes in the government
1. nobility
2. freemen
3. serfs
4. slaves
4. Early Laws
1. Maragtas Code
2. Kalantiaw Code
Government during the Spanish period
1. Spain’s title to the Philippines

2. Spanish Colonial government
3. Government in the Philippines unitary
4. The Governor-General
5. The Judiciary
Government during the Revolutionary era
1. The Katipunan government

2. The Biak-na-bato republic
3. The Dictatorial Government
4. The Revolutionary Government
5. The First Philippine Republic
Governments during the American regime
1. The Military Government

2. The Civil Government
3. The Commonwealth Government of the Philippines
Government during the Japanese occupation
1. The Japanese Military Administration

2. The Philippine Executive Commissions
3. The Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines
The Provisional Government of 1986
1. Revolutionary
2. De jure./ de facto – the first is one constituted or founded in accordance with the existing
constituted not in accordance with the procedure provided in an existing constitution of the
sate, while the other is not so constituted or founded but has the general support of the people
and effective control of the territory over which it exercises its powers.
3. Constitutional and transitory
4. Democratic
5. Powers
6. The Provisional Constitution
CONCEPT OF CONSTITUTION
Nature and purpose or function of constitution
1. Serves as the supreme or fundamental law

2. Establishes basic framework and underlying principles of government
Kinds of Constitution
1. As to their origin and history
1. Conventional or enacted
2. Cumulative or evolved
3. Written
4. Unwritten
5. Rigid or inelastic
6. Flexible or elastic
1. as to their form
1. As to manner of amending them:
Requisites of a good written constitution
1. As to form, a good written constitution should be:

1. Brief
2. Broad
3. Definite
2. As to contents, it should contain at least three sets of provisions:
1. That dealing with the framework of government and its powers, and defining the
electorate. This group of provisions has been called the constitution of government.
2. That setting forth the fundamental rights of the people and imposing certain limitations
on the powers of the government as a means of securing the enjoyment of these rights.
This group has been referred as to the constitution of liberty.
3. That pointing out the mode or procedure for amending or revising the constitution. This
group has been called the constitution of sovereignty

CONSTITUTIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
The 1935 Constitution
The 1973 Constitution
Parts of the 1987 Constitution
Preamble
Article 1 – National Territory
Article II – Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Article III – Bill of Rights
Article IV – Citizenship
Article V – Suffrage
Article VI – Legislative Department
Article VII – Executive Department
Article VIII – Judicial Department
Article IX – Constitutional Commission
Article X – Local Government
Article XI – Accountability of Public Officers
Article XII – National Economy and Patrimony
Article XIII – Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIV – Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
Article XV – The Family
Article XVI – General Provisions
Article XVII – Amendments or Revisions
Article XVIII – Transitory Provisions
AGRARIAN REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
A. The agrarian problem
1. The Philippines agrarian problem
2. Right to own property, universal but limited
3. A historico-political survey of the agrarian problem and agrarian legislation
B. Imperative of Agrarian Reform
1. Necessity of agrarian reform in the Philippines
2. Objections to agrarian reforms
3. Components of agrarian reform
4. Arguments for the “land to the tiller” program
5. Companion measures to land distribution
6. Role of the farmer in agrarian reform
7. Role of the landlord in agrarian reform
C. Constitutional Provisions Relevant to Agrarian Reform
1. Promotion of just and dynamic order
2. Expropriation of private property

3. Promotion of social justice
D. Bill of Rights for Agricultural Labor
1. Exercise of right to self-organization

CARP
1. Coverage
2. Improvement of Tenurial and Labor Relation
1. Agricultural Leasehold and lease rental determination
2. Production sharing plan
3. Land Acquisition and Redistribution
1. Compulsory acquisition of private lands
2. Qualified beneficiaries
3. Compensation
4. Corporate farms
5. Support Services
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TAXATION
Concepts, Nature, and Characteristics of Taxation and Taxes
1. Purpose and importance of taxation

2. Essential characteristics of tax
3. Theory and basis of taxation
4. Nature of power of taxation
NATIONAL TAXES

1.
1. Income Tax
2. Estate Tax
3. Donor’s Tax
4. Value Added Tax
5. Percentage Taxes
6. Excise Tax
7. Documentary Stamp Tax
8. Custom Duties
9. Travel Tax
10. Energy Tax
11. Private Motor Vehicle Tax
Answer Key to Practice Tests
Philippine Government with Constitution Economics, Taxation, CARP
1. C
2. D 1. C
3. A 2. D
4. A 3. D
5. C 4. D
6. A 5. B
7. A 6. C
8. C 7. C
9. C 8. B
10. A 9. B
11. D 10. B
12. C 11. D
13. C 12. B
14. A 13. A
15. B 14. A
16. B 15. D
17. D 16. D
18. C 17. C
19. B 18. C
20. A 19. C
21. C 20. C
22. A
23. D
24. D
25. C
Comments (1)
August 7, 2010
Philosophies of Education Practice Test
Filed under: LET Reviewer and Practice Test — gtronnie @ 10:21 pm and
Philosophies of Education
Practice Test
1. Which is not an objective of humanistic education?
1. To free individuals from all

2. To free individuals from the demands of the monasteries, the church, and guilds.
3. To provide rich and full live for all
4. To provide personal culture and individual freedom
2. The following are definitions of philosophy EXCEPT
1. It deals with the nature of being and existence

2. It deals with the values of right and wrong
3. It deals with mythology
4. It deals with the native of knowledge and the process of knowing
3. A branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles, the origin an essence of things, the
causes and end of thing.
1. Naturalism
2. Epistemology
3. Logic
4. Pragmatism
4. A Philosophy that states that the tendency, movement, or more definite system of thought in
which stress is place upon critical consequence and values as standard for explicating
philosophic concept, and as a test of truth lies in its practical consequence and that the purpose of
conduct.
1. Naturalism
2. Epistemology
3. Logic
4. Pragmatism
5. It states that the universals are independent of antecedent to and more real than the specific
individual instances in which they manifest.
1. Naturalism
2. Existentialism
3. Realism
4. Progressivism
6. This philosophy believes that the child is the center of the educational process
1. Progressivism
2. Naturalism
3. Humanism
4. Existentialism
7. This philosophy advocates that the individual will be educated for his life here on earth and to
prepare for the life beyond.
1. Naturalism
2. Pragmatism
3. Existentialism
4. Supernaturalism
8. Holds the view that human existence, or the human situation is the starting point of thinking
a. Existentialism
b. Realism
c. Progressivism
d. Naturalism
9. He stated that “each person should devote his life to that which he is best fitted to do.”
1. Plato
2. Aristotle
3. Socrates
4. Locke
10. The following are John Locke’s view about education EXCEPT
a. “Tabula rasa” or “blank paper” theory
b. Man should live a simple life.
1. Education can shape the pupil according to the will of the teacher.
2. Training gained in one area can be applied in another area.
11. He give emphasis on development of the child according to his nature.
1. Locke
2. Spencer
3. Socrates
4. Rousseau
12. Which of the following is John Dewey’s thought on education?
1. Education is a continuous reconstruction of experiences.

2. Education should be used for service
3. Knowledge that is best for use in life is also best for the development of power.
4. It is consequences that make the choice good or bad.
13. Which of the following is the philosophical teaching of Jesus Christ?
1. Education is a continuous reconstruction of experiences.

2. Education should be used for service
3. Knowledge that is best for use in life is also best for the development of power.
4. It is consequences that make the choice good or bad.
14. All of the following are functions of philosophies of education EXCEPT
1. Provide guidelines in the formulation of the educational policies and programs and in the
construction of curricula.
2. Provide direction toward which all educational effort should be exerted.
3. Provide theories and hypothesis which may be tested for their effectiveness and efficiency.
4. Create a new system of thoughts that challenges the existing paradigm.
15. Philosophies provide the teacher with basis for making his decision concerning his work. It
helps the teacher develop a wide range of interest, attitudes, and values concomitant to his
professional life as teacher.
1. Both statements are true and correct

2. Only the second statement is true and correct
3. Both statements are untrue and incorrect
4. Only the first statement is true and correct
16. A philosophical foundation of education that believes that one should be able to control and
regulate his desires, not to devote life to sensual pleasure success.
1. Islam
2. Hinduism
3. Buddhism
4. Confucianism
17. Every person should strive for the continual development of self until excellence is achieved.
1. Islam
2. Hinduism
3. Buddhism
4. Confucianism
18. This philosophy emphasizes that educational concern must be on the child interest, desires,
and the learner’s freedom as an individual rather than the subject matter.
1. Progressivism
2. Positivism
3. Realism
4. Naturalism
19. It spouses that legitimate human knowledge arises from what is provided to the mind by the
senses or by introspective awareness through experience.
1. Progressivism
2. Positivism
3. Realism
4. Empiricism
20. A philosophical movement characterized by an emphasis upon science and scientific method
as the only source of knowledge.
1. Progressivism
2. Positivism
3. Realism
4. Empiricism
Comments (0)
Filed under: LET Reviewer and Practice Test — gtronnie @ 9:58 pm and
LET REVIEW 2010
PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
By: DR. RONNIE G. CAINGLET
What is Philosophy?
- is the science that seeks to organize and systemize all fields of knowledge as a means of
understanding and interpreting the totality of reality.
- systematic and logical explanation of the nature, existence, purpose and relationships of
things, including human beings in the universe.
Main Branches of Philosophy
1. Metaphysics – deals with the first principles, the origin an essence of things, the causes and
end of thing.
- it is the science of existence.
2. Epistemology – deals with knowledge and with ways of knowing.
- Conceptua
- Perceptual
– Intuitive
3. Axiology – deals with purposes and values.
- Ethics
4. Logic – deals with the correct way of thinking.
Major Philosophies of Education
1. Idealism – (Platonic) Reality consists of transcendental universal, form, or ideals which
are the object of true knowledge.
(DECS order No. 13 s 1998 – Revised rules and regulation on the teaching of religion in
public elementary and secondary schools)
2. Naturalism – This opposed to idealism. This is the view that the whole of reality is
nature.
3. Pragmatism – a tendency, movement, or more definite system of thought in which stress
is place upon critical consequence and values as standard for explicating philosophic
concept, and as a test of truth lies in its practical consequence and that the purpose of
conduct.
- James
- Chiller
- Dewey
4. Supernaturalism – has a purpose to educate the individual for his life here on earth and
to prepare for the life beyond.
Humanism – places human being over in above worldly things.
5. Realism– universals are independent of antecedent to and more real than the specific
individual instances in which they manifest.
6. Progressivism
– dominated by the technological experimental advancement which have so powerfully shaped

our modern culture.
(DECS order No. 57 s 1998 – Clarification on the changes in the Social Studies Program, WH
for 3rd year and Economics for 4th year)
(DECS order No 91 s. 1998 – Changes in the THE program of the NSEC)
Some important features of Progressivism
1. The child as the center of the educational process.

2. It emphasizes learning by doing.
Advocates of Progressivism
John Dewey
William Kilpatrick
7. Existentialism
- Puts emphasis on the uniqueness of the individual.
- Existence precedes, that is, essence is created by existence.
- Human nature is a product of existence.
- Holds the view that human existence, or the human situation is the starting point of thinking.
– It emphasizes concreteness of the individual.
- It values the freedom of choice, individual dignity, personal love, and creative effort.
(DECS order no. 65 s. 1998 – revised Guidelines on the selection of honor students in secondary
level)
(DECS order no. 10 s. 1998 – Revised system of rating and reporting of student performance for
secondary schools)
Freedom of choice is an important value of existentialism and is determined or affected to a large

extent several factors among which are the following:
1. Influence of the family especially the parents.

2. Influence of peers and associates.
3. Religious orientation
4. Social approval
5. Cultural patterns
6. Financial status
7. Psychological traits
8. Sex
9. Health and physical fitness
10. Education
8. Positivism
- a philosophical movement characterized by an emphasis upon science and scientific method as

the only source of knowledge.
9. Relativism
- a doctrine of relationism or relativity – a theory that knowledge is relative to the limited nature
of the mind and the condition of knowing.
10. Materialism
- it maintains that all events are not true to the nature of independent reality and that holds that
absolutely true knowledge is impossible.
11. Empiricism
- it spouses that legitimate human knowledge arises from what is provided to the mind by the
senses or by introspective awareness through experience.
-hence it believes on education through
12. Romanticism
- it questioned the notions of the enlightenment that had dominated Europe in the early 18th
century.
13. Epicureanism
- philosophical teaching about nature and ethics that was derived from the writing of Epicurus.
- this philosophy base its knowledge on sense perception, asserting that sensations are invariably
good.
14. Hedonism
- it centers on pleasure
- learning is pleasurable
15. Utilitarianism
- it believes that any moral theory that value of human actions, policies, and institutions by their
consequences in men’s experience or by general welfare of all person affected by them.
16. Communism
- disregard basic human rights and educates the young for subservience to the state.
17. Fascism
– conceives that the state is an absolute.

18. Progressivism
- it emphasizes that educational concern must be on the child interest, desires, and the learners
freedom as an individual rather than the subject matter.
19. Essentialism
- it ascribes ultimate reality to immense embodied in a thing perceptible to the senses.
The Educational Philosophies of Frontier Thinkers of Education
1. SOCRATES
a. The end of life is knowledge.
b. Knowledge is virtues
c. “Know thyself”
2. PLATO
a. Each person should devote his life to that which he is best fitted to do.
b. The function of education is to determine what each individual is by nature fitted to do.
c. Social justice (Give what is due to whom it is due)
d. Intellectual aristocracy (The rule of the intellectual elite)
3. ARISTOTLE
a. Virtue is not possession of knowledge but state of the will.
b. The end of education is knowledge alone, but the union of the intellect and the will or
knowledge express in action.
c. Reality, not ideas but the performance, is the highest function.
d. Adaptation of education to the form of government.
e. Objective and scientific not introspective method of education
4. Comenius
a. Development of the whole life.

b. Follow the order of nature.
c. Training for character.
d. Both sexes should be included in education.
5. LOCKE
a. “Tabula rasa” or “blank paper” theory
– a child is born with a blank mind (neither good or bad)
b. Education can shape the pupil according to the will of the teacher.
c. Formal discipline
– Training gained in one area can be applied in another area.
6. Rousseau
a. Development of the child according to his nature.
b. Man should live a simple life.
c. The child, the important
d. Use of instinctive tendencies as the starting point of education
7. Peztalozzi
a. Education as the process of organized growth.
b. All education should be founded upon laws of natural development of the child.
c. Use of object in teaching.
d. Emphasis on method and technique of teaching.
8. HERBART
a. Doctrine of apperception
b. Education should be specific.

c. Mind is a unity, possessing but one power, that of entering into relation with its
environment.
9. FROEBEL
a. Self-activity as the means of development.
b. Play, spontaneous activity, manual and industrial development are utilized to promote
self-realization.
c. Process of education determined by the nature of the child.
10. Spencer
Knowledge that is best for use in life is also best for the development of power.
Emphasis on physical education.
Importance of science in the curriculum
11. WILLIAM JAMES
Mental activity is functional.
Knowledge is instrumental.
It is consequences that make the choice good or bad.
12. JOHN DEWEY
Education is life
Education is growth
Education is a social process
Education is a continuous reconstruction of experiences.
13. JESUS CHRIST
Right relationship with God should precede all kinds and types of education.
“But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and His righteousness, and everything shall be added
unto you” (Matthew 6:33)
Education should be used for service.

“Give thyself” is the philosophy of service of Jesus.
FUNCTION OF PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
1. Provide guidelines in the formulation of the educational policies and programs and in the
construction of curricula.
2. Provide direction toward which all educational effort should be exerted.
3. Provide theories and hypothesis which may be tested for their effectiveness and efficiency.
4. Provide norms or standards for evaluation purposes.
Importance of Philosophy of Education to the Teacher
1. Provides the teacher with basis for making his decision concerning his work.
2. Help the teacher develop a wide range of interest, attitudes, and values concomitant to his
professional life as teacher.
3. Makes a teacher more aware of his own life and work, and makes him more dynamic,
discriminating, critical and mentally alert.
4. Philosophy of education saves time, money and effort
Philosophical Foundation of Education
A. Hinduism
– (Dharma), characterized by honesty courage, service, faith, self-control, purity, and non-
violence
Dharma can be achieved through Yoga
Believes that one should be able to control and regulate his desires, not to devote life to sensual
pleasure success.
Religion should be practical.
God is truth and the best way to seek the truth is by practicing non-violence (Ahimsa)
B. Buddhism
Believes that personal gratification is the root of suffering in the world.
The teaching of Buddha centered on four noble truths:

1. All life is suffering, pain, and misery
2. Selfish craving and personal desire.
3. Suffering can cease.
4. Way to overcome this misery is through following the Eight Fold Paths
The Buddha’s Noble Eightfold Path
2. Chinese Philosophies
Confucianism,
- an essentially optimistic system of belief, argued that those who were naturally virtuous
should, while behaving with loyalty and respect, help to govern their country by
maintaining their independence and criticizing their rulers if necessary: The government
served its citizens, rather than the reverse.
Taoism,
- by contrast, taught that humans should withdraw from culture and society, devoting
themselves to meditation and, like water, adapt themselves to natural forces.
3. Japanese Philosophy
Zen Buddhism
- No savior/s paradise, faith on God, no scriptures.
-The third eye helps one to see things in addition to what our two eyes show us, and should be
attuned to the things around us.
Emphasizes silent meditation, aiming to awaken the mind in each person.
4. Muslim Philosophy
Islam
- Emphasized a total commitment in faith obedience, and trust to one and only God.
Koran, its sacred book is the word of God.
Each person will be tried on the judgment when Allah will judge all souls.
Believes in paradise, an oasis of flowing water, pleasant drinks, food and sensual delights.
Five Pillars of Islam:
– 1. Belief in one God
– 2. Prayer
– 3. Fasting
– 4. Alms giving
– 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
5. Christian Philosophy
God is the Creator of all thing
Jesus is the Messiah, Christ, Son of God
Human being is a sinner who requires redemption
Jesus came down to earth to redeem mankind
Baptism is necessary for salvation
There is life after death
Comments (0)
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Social Studies 11 Provincial Exam Review
Welcome Social Studies 11 Students!
 This site is designed to give you an opportunity to do some self-checking quizzes and
activities to help you prepare for your provincial final exam.
 Use this site in any way that works for you. You could choose to begin at the beginning and
work all the way through or pick and choose the concepts that are challenging for you.
 With the exception of Geography, each topic contains two quizzes. It is suggested that you
try one quiz, and if your score indicates that you need further study, review and then try
the second quiz.
 In the Geography section, the questions are designed to be provided randomly so if you try
additional quizzes you will provided with a different set of questions.
 The ten topics for review include:
1. Government
1. Quiz # 1
Government # 1
1. What is a "bill"? (as the term is used in making legislation) (1 point)
a debt owed by the government

a copy of the proceedings in the House
potential legislation put forward for debate
the law when it is finally passed
2. Before a "bill" is passed in the House of Commons it must proceed through: (1 point)
two readings
one formal reading
the voting stage
three readings
3. What body of government in Canada passes the laws of Canada? (1 point)
the executive level

the judicial level
the ceremonial level
the legislative level
4. Canada's Constitution is based largely on that of: (1 point)
Great Britain
the United States
France
New France
5. The Prime Minister selects a ______ from the members of his party in the legislature.
(1 point)
senate
governor general
cabinet
supreme court
6. In selecting his cabinet, a Prime Minister must: (1 point)
choose the most able members in the House of Commons

choose only members with experience
bear in mind regional interests in Canada
always choose half the members from Quebec
7. Which group sits closest to the Prime Minister? (1 point)
the "RUMP"
the Frontbenches
the Cabinet
the Backbenches
8. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the B.N.A. Act? (1 point)
the distribution of powers

the role of the Prime Minister
the role of Governor General
a strong centralized system of government
9. Canada's governmental system is officially described as a: (1 point)
federal republic
British colony
constitutional monarchy
democratic republic
10. In Canada , the federal government controls all of the following BUT: (1 point)
postal service
the military
custom duties
education
11. The judiciary (court system) may be best defined as that branch of government which:
(1 point)
makes the laws of the land and settles disputes arising out of a conflict of interest
between the various levels of government and the people
comes under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Canada and its elected
officials
concerns itself with the proper and legal functioning of all branches of government
so that the elected officials do not abuse their legislative powers
is made up of a system of courts whose appointed officials interpret and enforces all
aspects of Canadian law at both the federal and provincial level
12. Elections for the House of Commons must occur on all of the following EXCEPT:
(1 point)
every five years

when the PM chooses to dissolve the House of Commons
after the government suffers a defeat on major legislation presented in the House of
Commons
after the government suffers a defeat in the Senate
13. To vote in a Canadian Federal election, you must be: (1 point)
a Canadian citizen, over 19 years old and not disqualified by law

a British citizen, over 21 years old and not disqualified by law
a Canadian citizen, over 19 years old
a Canadian citizen, over 18 years old and not disqualified by law
14. "In a democratic society, those with the power to govern are necessarily responsive to
those with the right to vote." It can be inferred from this statement that: (1 point)
governments fall from power when they make unpopular decisions
the power of the vote can influence the course of political events
democratic governments follow only the most popular course of action
only those living in democracies have the right to vote
15. "Gerrymandering" refers to: (1 point)
the rearranging of ridings

tampering with the results of an election
a delay of debate
appointments of officials
16. If a finance bill is defeated in the House of Commons , it is likely that the government
will: (1 point)
rewrite it and introduce it in the next session

never introduce it again
resign from office
send it to the Senate
17. How is the Governor General selected? (1 point)
he/she is elected by the people

he/she is appointed by the Prime Minister on the advice of the provincial premiers
he/she is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister
he/she is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British government
18. The functions of the Governor General are in effect largely: (1 point)
similar to those of the President of the United States

traditional
similar to those of the Prime Minister
ceremonial
19. Representation in the House of Commons is based on: (1 point)
province
region
population
number of senators
20. What body of government in Canada passes the laws of Canada? The: (1 point)
executive
legislative
judicial
monarchy
21. In order for the present government to have a MAJORITY in the House of Commons
they would require: (1 point)
100 seats
282 seats
155 seats
148 seats
22. Minority governments are sometimes beneficial because: (1 point)
it means that soon there will be another election

the party in power can assume dictatorial control
the opposition parties can hold the balance of power
the Prime Minister must resign on vote of non-confidence
23. Which of the following is an important difference between a provincial government and
the federal government? (1 point)
the powers of government

the seating arrangements in the legislative chamber
the location of the government
the regalia used in the legislative chamber
24. The Prime Minister is: (1 point)
the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons

a senator
elected directly by the Canadian people
chosen by the Governor General
25. In Canada , the Prime Minister may advise the Governor General on: (1 point)
the appointment of judges
the membership of the cabinet
the appointments to the Senate
all of the above
26. Which of the following is a definition of the term "responsible government"? (1 point)
a system in which the government behaves in a responsible, mature fashion

a system in which the government is selected by and can be removed by a majority
of votes in the Commons
a system in which the executive ie directly responsible to the people for its actions
a system which requires the vote of two houses to approve laws
27. To be appointed to the Senate a person must: (1 point)
be at least 25 yeras old

own two hundred dollars worth of property
own property in the province he will represent
all of the above
28. Which of the following branches of the Federal Government has no counterpart in the ten
provincial governments? (1 point)
Governor General
Senate
House of Commons
Cabinet
29. Senators are (1 point)
elected by the people

appointed by the Governor General from the people he trusts
appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister
appointed by the provincial premiers
30. Cabinet members always convey the impression of: (1 point)
being in complete agreement with all Cabinet decisions

have opposing points of view
competing with each other for press attention
ignoring other members of Parliament
31. The role of the Speaker is mainly to: (1 point)
choose the Prime Minister

sign all bills after they have received three readings
seek the consent of the Governor General to call an election
decide on matters of procedure
32. The "Speech from the Throne" is read by: (1 point)
the Opposition Leader

the Governor General
the Prime Minister
the Speaker
33. Who is the queen's representative in Canada? (1 point)
Premier
Senator
Prime Minister
Governor General
34. What is the title for the leader of the party who received the SECOND greatest number of
seats in a federal election? (1 point)
Leader of the House

Speaker of the House
Speaker of the Government
Leader of the Official Opposition
35. What three words represent the concept of "Triple E" Senate Reform? (1 point)
Effective, Elected, Equal

Elected, Equal, Enhanced
Equal, Effective, Economic
Effective, Economic, Elected
36. What is the highest court in Canada to which British Columbians can have their case
referred? (1 point)
Federal Court of Canada

Supreme Court of Canada
Appeal Court of British Columbia
Supreme Court of British Columbia
37. "Seven out of ten provinces representing 50% of Canada's population".
What does this formula represent? (1 point)
formula for recommending senators

amending formula for the constitution
voting formula for a bill to become law
formula used to appoint Supreme Court justices
38. Which pair of ideologies BEST describes Canadian government practices throughout the
20th century? (1 point)
socialism and fascism

communism and socialism
liberalism and communism
liberalism and conservatism
39. At what stage is a new bill thoroughly debated in the House of Commons? (1 point)
Introductory Reading
First Reading
Second Reading
Third Reading
40. What level of government passess by-laws? (1 point)
federal
territorial
municipal
provincial
41. "All Canadians have the option to take up residence or seek a job in any province."
What benefit does this statement describe? (1 point)
equality rights
mobility rights
fundamental freedoms
freedom of association
42. Use the newspaper headline to answer... Why did British Columbia's representation in
Ottawa increase? (1 point)
Recent census data reported an increase in population.

Residents complained about the lack of representation.
Western Canadians argued for an increase in the number of seats.
The Prime Minister wanted to increase British Columbia's voice in Ottawa.
43. Use the newspaper headline to answer ... What type of government was formed as a result
of this 1957 election outcome? (1 point)
union
majority
minority
coalition
44. ultimate source of governmental authority in Canada (1 point)
45. the leader of the governing party (1 point)
46. body responsible for various government departments (1 point)
47. all MPs from government and opposition (1 point)
48. leader of the party with second largest number of MPs (1 point)
49. name given to members of Cabinet (1 point)
50. elected representatives to House of Commons (1 point)
2. Quiz # 2
Government #2
1. Which of the following BEST describes a "bill"? (1 point)
a rule made by a government

a suggested law introduced in the Legislature or in the House of Commons
a motion that has been approved using Parliamentary procedure
rules of order used when making laws
2. Which of the following describes the steps proposed legislation takes in order to become
law? (1 point)
three readings in the legislative chamber

three readings in the party caucus
three readings in cabinet
three readings in the legislative chamber and the signature of the queen's
representative
3. John Diefenbaker is credited with establishing this for Canadians: (1 point)
the Canadian flag

the "loonie"
Meech Lake Accord
the Bill of Rights
4. The B.N.A. Act (1867), now known as Constitutional Act (1867), is not as
comprehensive as the Constitution of the United States because: (1 point)
it is very vague
it is difficult to understand
much of it is unwritten and "understood"
it was not completed
5. How are members of the cabinet chosen? (1 point)
they are appointed by the Prime Minister

they are elected by the people of Canada
interested people are chosen by the Governor General
they are elected by the House of Commons
6. A minister without portfolio refers to: (1 point)
a backbencher with no specific job

a minister removed from office
an opposition member of the "shadow cabinet"
a minister with no specific ministry
7. Which group sits closest to the Prime Minister? (1 point)
the "rump"
the front benches
the cabinet
backbenchers
8. Which of the following is part of the unwritten constitution of Canada? (1 point)
the Queen is the head of government in Canada

the powers of provincal governments
the role of the Senate
the Prime Minister
9. From Britain, the Canadian constitution borrowed the principle of: (1 point)
a central government
a federal system
a parliamentary government
the House of Lords
10. The Lieutenant Governor is: (1 point)
elected by the legislature

appointed by the federal government
appointed by the Queen
appointed by the Governor General
11. A minority government usually faces great difficulty because: (1 point)
it may have to pass difficult bills

it does not have the confidence of the people
it usually has to do what the opposition party says
it may be outvoted by the opposition parties if they vote together
12. The Official Opposition is made up of: (1 point)
the party with the second most seats in the House

the party with the least seats in the House
the party with the most seats in the House
MPs who do not belong to government
13. In a "federal" system of government: (1 point)
laws are made on all aspects of life across the country

laws are made only on issues that affect the whole of Canada
laws are made on education and municipal government
laws are made by the Prime Minister
14. Canadian government is divided into three parts including all of the following powers
EXCEPT: (1 point)
managerial
judicial
executive
legislative
15. The chief executive power in the Canadian government lies with the: (1 point)
British Parliament
Senate
Governor General
Prime Minister and his/her Cabinet
16. The Prime Minister of Canada is: (1 point)
elected directly by all the people of Canada

the leader of the party that wins the majority of votes in the election
the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons
the leader of the largest party in the Congress
17. A responsible government is responsible: (1 point)
to the Queen
to the people
for the people
to itself
18. How often must an election for the Senate take place? (1 point)
every three years
every four years
every five years
none of the above
19. A "riding" is: (1 point)
a geographical area
held by an individual shareholder
an area represented by a seat in the House of Commons
all of the above
20. If you were in a party "caucus", where would you be: (1 point)
whooping it up at a social occasion

at a secret meeting of a fraternal lodge
in a cabinet meeting
at a meeting of representatives of a political party
21. The "Speech from the Throne" is important because it contains which of the following?
(1 point)
a friendly message from the Queen

presents the budget
indicates legislation the government plans to introduce
expresses the views of Governor General
22. The Supreme Court of Canada became the final court of appeal in Canada in: (1 point)
1949
1931
1939
1911
23. To vote in a federal election , you must be: (1 point)
18 years of age
21 years of age
a Canadian citizen
A and C
24. Canada's constitution is based largely on that of: (1 point)
the United States

France
Germany
Great Britain
25. All of the following responsibilites belong to the federal government EXCEPT (1 point)
schools
currency
criminal law
postal service
26. Which of the following BEST describes government ministers practising "cabinet
solidarity"? (1 point)
following the advice of their departments

displaying full support for their leader in public
expressing their views freely during Question Period
questioning their leader during debates in the House of Commons
27. Federal electoral district W is three times larger in area than federal electoral district X.
Why would this be so? (1 point)
Region W has greater economic importance.

Region W has a greater population than region X.
The representative for region W is more outspoken.
People live further apart in region W than region X.
28. Why are precedents important to our legal system? (1 point)
They codify laws for reference.

They rigidly define Canadian laws.
They guide the decisions of future cases.
They form the basis of Canadian statute law.
29. What is the purpose of the Canadian Constitution? (1 point)
to outline the issues for government debate
to define the limits and powers of government
to set laws that outline criminal and civil behaviour
to provide guidance for provincial and municipal governments
30. What statement does NOT describe Canada's constitutional monarchy? (1 point)
The Queen is Canada's head of state

Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of Canada
The Queen selects the Prime Minister of Canada
New citizens of Canada swear allegiance to the Crown
31. Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of Hansard? (1 point)
questions posed by the opposition parties

English account of conversations in the House of Commons
statements made by cabinet ministers during Question Period
official word-for-word record of debates in the House of Commons
32. Use the chart to answer this question... What type of government resulted from this
election outcome? (1 point)
minority
majority
coalition
cooperative
33. Use the heading to answer this question... What is this headline an example of? (1 point)
due process
order-in-council
cabinet solidarity
constitutional reform
34. Criminal laws in Canada differ from province to province. (1 point)
True
False
35. Criminal law involves actions between individuals and the state. (1 point)
True
False
36. In a summary conviction criminal trial, the accused can choose to have either a judge or
jury. (1 point)
True
False
37. The Criminal Code of Canada is re-written annually in order to update it with the most
current changes to our laws. (1 point)
True
False
38. The judge always has the final decision over the guilt or innocence of the accused.
(1 point)
True
False
39. preserves the right to vote (1 point)
40. guarantees the right to a lawyer (1 point)

41. grants the right to travel and work anywhere in the province (1 point)
42. guarantees the right to be educated in one's first language (1 point)
43. presides over debates in the House (1 point)
44. grants Royal Assent to legislation (1 point)
45. questions policies of government (1 point)
46. ensures Members of Parliament are present in the House (1 point)
2. Pre-World War I
1. Quiz # 1
2. Quiz # 2
3. World War I
1. Quiz # 1
2. Quiz # 2
4. The 1920's [Boom or Bust Years]
1. Quiz # 1
2. Quiz # 2
5. The 1930's [The Depression]
1. Quiz # 1
2. Quiz # 2
6. World War II
1. Quiz # 1
2. Quiz # 2
7. The 1950's
1. Quiz # 1
2. Quiz # 2
8. The 1960's
1. Quiz # 1
2. Quiz # 2
9. The 1970's
1. Quiz # 1
2. Quiz # 2
10. Geography
 Also included are some review sites for the following:
1. Interpreting Cartoons
1. How to Interpret Cartoons
2. Cartoons in History
2. Comparing and Interpreting Data
3. Sourcework
PreWWI # 1
1. The majority of the people who emigrated from Europe to North America in the late 19th
century were: (1 point)
peasant farmers
tradesmen
ex-servicemen
landlords
2. The new wave of immigrants was attracted by: (1 point)
the growth of cities

cash advances and low interest rates
a free yoke of oxen or a tractor
free homesteads
3. The first "hard" wheat grown on the prairies was: (1 point)
Marquis
Blue max
Red Fife
Alberta Red
4. Canada's first French-Canadian Prime Minister was: (1 point)
Pierre Trudeau
Maurice Duplessis
Henri Bourassa
Wilfrid Laurier
5. The first major conflict between French and English Canadians on military matters
occurred during : (1 point)
the Boer War

World War I
World War II
the Crimean War
6. The South African War (Boer War) was a contest between (1 point)
farmers in South Africa and black workers

Dutch workers and large corporations in South Africa
British imperialism and Boer nationalism
the Canadian Army and the Dutch Army
7. Which of the following best describes Canada's role in the Boer War? (1 point)
Canada sent an official army to fight in the war

Canada sent volunteers to fight in the war
Canada did not participate in the war
Canada was a peacekeeper after the war ended
8. By "Manifest Destiny" Americans believed that: (1 point)
Canada and Mexico would eventually be taken over by the U.S.A
Canada and Mexico might take over the U.S.A.
a war between U.S.A. and Canada was inevitable
Britain would eventually sell Canada to the U.S.A.
9. The Alaska Boundary dispute angered Canadians because (1 point)
the British representative voted against Canada

Canada lost her access to the rich gold mines in the Yukon
Canada was not represented at the negotiations
the final boundary left the heads of the inlets in Canadian territory
10. The result of Laurier's response for Canadian aid for the Royal Navy was called: (1 point)
British reconciliation
Admiral's dilemma
conscription
Tin Pot Navy
11. On the retirement of Robert Borden, who became the leader of the Conservative Party?
(1 point)
Sir Wilfrid Laurier

Mackenzie King
T.A. Crerar
Arthur Meighan
12. In the early 1900s, many French Canadians felt (1 point)
a strong sense of loyalty to Britain

isolated within Canada and the British Empire
prestige and status by being part of the British Empire
their rights were being strongly protected in Canada
13. By 1909, Britain and France were in a race to have the largest navy in the world (1 point)
True
False
14. Canada signed a reciprocity treaty with the U.S. in 1911 (1 point)
True
False
15. In the early 1900's most woodpulp and paper produced in Canada went to Britain
(1 point)
True
False
16. As Canada grew in the early 1900s , it assumed a place in the new (1 point)
17. There were many people in Canada that believed that in foreign affairs Canada needed to
be more (1 point)
18. While there many other Canadians who feared that the Americans would Canada
(1 point)
19. While French Canadians were more concerned about protecting their (1 point)
20. English Canadians on the other hand were more concerned about British imperial
interests and Canadian (1 point)
21. "The years 1900 to 1912 were boom years for Canada's economy and for Canadian world
trade." Describe the factors that led to the growth of the Canadian economy during these
years. In what ways was Canada's economic status both strong and vulnerable ? (5 points)
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS (LET) PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

REVIEWER [SET 1 - PART 1]
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS (LET)
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION REVIEWER
[SET 1 - PART 1]
1. Which is one role of play in the pre-school and early childhood years?
A. Develops competitive spirit.
B. Separates reality from fantasy.
C. Increases imagination due to expanding knowledge and emotional range.
D. Develops the upper and lower limbs.
2. Student Z does not study at all but when the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) comes, before
he takes the LET, he spends one hour or more praying for a miracle, i.e. to pass the exam. Which
attitude towards religion or God is displayed?
A. Religion as fake
B. Religion as magic
C. Religion as authentic
D. Religion as real
3. As a teacher, you are a rationalist. Which among these will be your guiding principle?
A. I must teach the child that we can never have real knowledge of anything.
B. I must teAch the child to develop his mental powers to the full.
C. I must teach the child so he is assured of heaven.
D. I must teach the child every knowledge, skill, and value that he needs for a better future.
4. All men are pretty much alike. It is only by custom that they are set apart, said one Oriental
philosopher. Where can this thought be most inspiring?
A. In a multi-cultural group of learners
B. In multi-cultural and heterogeneous groups of learners and indigenous peoples' group
C. In a class composed of indigenous peoples
D. In heterogeneous class of learners

5. Teacher A discovered that his pupils are very good in dramatizing. Which tool must have helped him
discover his pupils' strength?
A. Portfolio assessment
B. Performance test
C. Journal entry
D. Paper-and-pencil test
6. NSAT and NEAT results are interpreted against set mastery level. This means that NSAT and NEAT fall
under __________.
A. intelligence test
B. aptitude test
C. criterion-referenced test
D. norm-referenced test
7. In a social studies class, Teacher I presents a morally ambiguous situation and asks his students what
they would do. On whose theory is Teacher I's technique based?
A. Kohlberg
B. Bandura
C. Piaget
D. Bruner
8. Which is a sound classroom management practice?
A. Avoid establishing routines
B. Establish routines for all daily needs and tasks.
C. Apply rules and policies on a case to case basis.
D. Apply reactive approach to discipline.
9. A sixth grade twelve-year old boy comes from a dysfunctional family and has been abused and
neglected. He has been to two orphanages and three different elementary schools. The student can
decode on the second grade level, but he can comprehend orally material at the fourth or fifth grade
level. The most probable cause/s of this student's reading problem is/are __________.
A. emotional factors
B. poor teaching
C. neurological factors
D. immaturity
10. Teacher U teaches to his pupils that pleasure is not the highest good. Teacher's teaching is against
what philosophy?
A. Realism
B. Hedonism
C. Epicureanism
D. Empiricism
11. With which goals of educational institutions as provided for by the Constitution is the development
of work skills aligned?
A. To develop moral character
B. To teach the duties of citizenship
C. To inculcate love of country
D. To develop vocational efficiency
12. Direct instruction is for facts, rules, and actions as indirect instruction is for __________,
__________, __________.
A. hypotheses, verified data and conclusions
B. concepts, patterns and abstractions
C. concepts, processes and generalizations
D. guesses, data and conclusions
13. To elicit more student's response, Teacher G made use of covert responses. Which one did she NOT
do?
A. She had the students write their response privately.
B. She showed the correct answers on the overhead after the students have written their responses.
C. She had the students write their responses privately then called each of them.
D. She refrained from judging on the student's responses.

14. What should you do if a parent who is concerned about a grade his child received compared to
another student's grade, demands to see both students' grades?
A. Refuse to show either record.
B. Show both records to him.
C. Refuse to show any record without expressing permission from principal.
D. Show only his child's records.
15. John Watson said:Men are built not born.What does this statement point to?
A. The ineffectiveness of training on a person's development.
B. The effect of environmental stimulation on a person's development.
C. The absence of genetic influence on a person's development
D. The effect of heredity.
16. A guest speaker in one graduation rites told his audience: "Reminder, you are what you choose to
be." The guest speaker is more of a/an __________.
A. realistic
B. pragmatist
C. idealist
D. existentialist
17. The best way for a guidance counselor to begin to develop study skills and habits in underachieving
student would be to __________.
A. have these underachieving students observe the study habits of excelling students
B. encourage students to talk about study habits from their own experiences
C. have them view film strips about various study approaches
D. give out a list of effective study approaches

18. Principal C shares this thought with his teachers:Subject matter should help students understand and
appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts,
feelings, and actions.From which philosophy is this thought based?
A. Perennialism
B. Essentialism
C. Existentialism
D. Progressivism
19. The search for related literature by accessing several databases by the use of a telephone line to
connect a computer library with other computers that have database is termed __________.
A. compact disc search
B. manual search
C. on-line search
D. computer search
20. Teacher W wants to review and check on the lesson of the previous day? Which one will be most
reliable?
A. Having students identify difficult homework problems.
B. Having students correct each other's work.
C. Sampling the understanding of a few students.
D. Explicitly reviewing the task-relevant information necessary for the day's lesson.
21. During the Spanish period, what was/were the medium/media of instruction in schools?
A. The Vernacular
B. English
C. Spanish
D. Spanish and the Vernacular
22. With indirect instruction in mind, which does NOT belong to the group?
A. Problem solving
B. Lecture-recitation
C. Inductive reasoning
D. Discovery
23. I combined several subject areas in order to focus on a single concept for inter-disciplinary teaching.
Which strategy/method did I use?
A. Problem-entered learning
B. Thematic instruction
C. Reading-writing activity
D. Unit method
24. Read the following then answer the question
TEACHER: IN WHAT WAYS OTHER THAN THE PERIODIC TABLE MIGHT WE PREDICT THE UNDISCOVERED
ELEMENTS?
BOBBY: WE COULD GOTO THE MOON AND SEE IF THERE ARE SOME ELEMENTS THERE WE DON'T HAVE.
BETTY: WE COULD DIG DOWN INTO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH AND SEE IF WE FIND ANY OF THE
MISSING ELEMENTS.
RICKY: WE COULD STUDY DEBRIS FROM THE METEORITES IF WE CAN FIND ANY.
TEACHER: THOSE ARE ALL GOOD ANSWERS. BUT WHAT IF THOSE EXCURSIONS TO THE MOON, TO THE
CENTER OF THE EARTH, OR TO FIND METEORITES WERE TOO COSTLY AND TIME CONSUMING? HOW
MIGHT WE USE THE ELEMENTS WE ALREADY HAVE HERE ON EARTH TO FIND SOME NEW ONES?
Question: The Teacher's questions in the above exchange are examples of __________ questions.
A. fact
B. concept
C. direct
D. closed
25. In his second item analysis, Teacher H found out that more from the lower group got the test item #
6 correctly. This means that the test item __________.
A. has a negative discriminating power
B. has a lower validity
C. has a positive discriminating power
D. has a high reability
Posted by hyperkulit at 12:25 AM
Labels: LET Reviewer
11 comments:
1.
Lolito FalladoSeptember 17, 2013 at 1:29 PM
thanks ... it helps a lot
Reply
2.
gwapogiSeptember 23, 2013 at 7:53 AM
7. In a social studies class, Teacher I presents a morally ambiguous situation and asks his
students what they would do. On whose theory is Teacher I's technique based?
A. Kohlberg
B. Bandura
C. Piaget
D. Bruner
Can someone explain to me why BANDURA is the answer in this particular test item?
When we are speaking of MORALITY, we should always be pertaining to KOLBERG's
MDT.
Reply
Replies
1.
AnonymousSeptember 24, 2013 at 4:14 PM
Yeah, I share the same sentiment with you Gwapogi....Bandura pushed modeling
or learning through imitation while Kohlberg's is about moral development.
2.
Rubynell BarrantesSeptember 27, 2013 at 1:34 PM
yeah i agree both of you!!!

3.
jildine peñasDecember 8, 2013 at 1:56 AM
This comment has been removed by the author.

4.
jildine peñasDecember 8, 2013 at 2:01 AM
una kong sagot dyan ay Kolberg hehe.. pero nong ni rationalize to ang tamang
sagot talaga eh si Bandura at tama nga naman XD
tingnan nyo ha...
"Teacher I presents a morally ambiguous situation" tingin natin agad eh Kolberg
talaga based sa kanyang theory na moral development but ang pinaka main
topic/question is "and asks his students what they would do" at jan na papasok si
Bandura sa theory nya na social learning (observing,modeling and imitation)
5.
AnonymousMay 2, 2014 at 4:39 PM
correct jildine
Reply
3.
AnonymousNovember 1, 2013 at 5:10 PM
It's definitely Kohlberg!
Reply
4.
AnonymousDecember 18, 2013 at 9:35 AM
saan po ba pwede mkakuha ng rationalization sa mga sagot dito?
Reply
5.
AnonymousMarch 28, 2014 at 12:35 AM
ALBERT BANDURA is the proponent of social learning theory ;)
Reply
6.
AnonymousMay 3, 2014 at 2:06 PM
Thanks for the author of this BLOG. You are really helping all the future educators. I am
also willing to help all LET TAKERS. sino nangangailangan ng LET REVIEWER? I can
help you. I have a lot of compilation for LET REVIEWER. Great help un para sa lahat ng
LET TAKERS. you are free to text me 09307335353. Thank you
rade 7 :: Economics by gcreasey

National Defense, Public Safety Officers, and the Postal Service are all examples of:
1. goods and services provided by the government.
2. private entities that serve our communities.
3. services we pay for on an as needed basis.
4. self-supporting entities.
Grade 6 :: Bodies of Water and Continents by tokki33

A is a large body of water that usually empties into a ocean or a sea.
1. Ocean
2. River
3. Lake
4. Gulf
Grade 10 :: French Revolution by Qalam

Which revolution ended in the dictatorship of Napoleon?
1. American
2. Glorious
3. Bolshevik
4. French
Grade 6 :: Themes of Geography by SGC315

People interact with their environment by:
adapting to their environment
modifying to their environment
depending to their environment

Grade 8 :: Civil War by Qalam
The slave codes were
1. rules to protect the general welfare of enslaved people.

2. ways for enslaved people to secretly communicate with one another other.
3. laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans.
4. guidelines for freeing a certain number of enslaved people every year.
Grade 4 :: Civil War by JordynBradford12

Who started the Civil War?
1. Afghanastain and Iraq

2. Florida and Miami
3. South Carolina and Alabama
4. South Carolina and Fort Sumter
Grade 10 :: French Revolution by Qalam

What happened to the king during the French Revolution?
1. executed
2. exiled
3. restored
4. fined
Grade 4 :: Civil War by JordynBradford12

The Battle of Gettysburg is the turning point that made it clear that the North would win.
1. True
2. False
Grade 9 :: Geography by wallace

Geography is the study of
1. physical and human features

2. man and his environment
3. money and economics
4. man and animals
Grade 5 :: Economics by AmySakowitz

Scarcity is
1. a time when a consumer is afraid to spend money

2. a time when there is a surplus of goods
3. a time when there is not enough of something to go around
4. a time when there is not enough money in the bank
Grade 6 :: WWI by Severud

Only people from European countries fought during World War I.
1. True
2. False
Grade 12 :: Economics by rbanks59

The law of demand is
1. The idea that consumers will buy less at a high price and more at low prices
2. The idea that producers will make more of product when prices are high and make less
when prices are low
3. The idea that consumers will buy at high prices and less at low prices
4. The idea that producers will make more of a product at lower prices and less at higher
prices
Grade 3 :: Economics by Tlahooti

What is interdependence?
1. freedom from laws

2. relying on one another to meet needs and wants
3. giving help to others
Grade 8 :: Civil War by Qalam

Which of the following statements is TRUE?
1. By 1804, most southern states had pledged never to end slavery.

2. By 1804, only a few southern states had ended or pledged to end slavery.
3. By 1804, every northern state had ended or pledged to end slavery.
4. By 1804, only a few northern states had ended or pledged to end slavery.
Grade 3 :: American Revolution by Nikkikweli

What does the stripes on the United States flag represent
1. 13 colonies
2. 13th president
3. 13 states
4. 13 house of representatives
Grade 3 :: US Government by Liananatalie

This level of government builds and keeps up local roads, schools, and parks.
1. Local
2. State
3. National
Grade 7 :: Formation of the USA by Qalam

What was the belief that the United States should expand westward called?
1. manifest destiny
2. certain future
3. undeniable destiny
4. American future
Grade 3 :: Economics by Tlahooti

What are capital resources?
1. water, land, sun

2. where the president lives
3. the machines needed to produce something
Grade 5 :: US Government by TONYAVD

What are the three branches of the United States Government?
1. Executive, Legislative, Democracy

2. Executive, Judicial, Republican
3. Executive, Legislative, Judicial
4. Executive, President, Judicial
Grade 3 :: US Government by Tlahooti

What is a citizen?
1. a person that is in a new country

2. a person who is born in a country or who has earned the right to become a member of that
country by law
3. a person that travels very far
---------------------------////
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS (LET) PROFESSIONAL

EDUCATION REVIEWER PART 1
1. Which assumption underlies the teacher's use of performance objectives?
A. Not every form of learning is observable.

B. Performance objectives assure the learrier of learning.
C. Learning is defined as a change in the learner's observable performance.
D. The success of learner is based on teacher performance.
2. In the parlance of test construction what does TOS mean?
A. Table of Specifics
B. Table of Specifications
C. Table of Specific Test Items
D. Team of Specifications
3. A student passes a research report poorly written but ornately presented in a folder to make
up for the poor quality of the book report content. Which Filipino trait does this practice prove?
Emphasis on __________.
A. art over academics

B. substance overporma
C. art over science
D. pormaover substance
4. In a criterion-referenced testing, what must you do to ensure that your test is fair?
A. Make all of the questions true or false.

B. Ask each student to contribute one question.
C. Make twenty questions but ask the students to answer only ten of their choice.
D. Use the objectives for the units as guide in your test construction.
5. Which does Noam Chomsky, assert about language learning for children?
I. Young children learn and apply grammatical rules and vocabulary as they are exposed to
them.
II. Begin formal teaching of grammatical rules to children as early as possible.
III. Do not require initial formal language teaching for children.
A. I and III
B. II only
C. I only
D. I and II
6. Which Filipino trait works against the shift in teacher's role from teacher as a fountain of
information to teacher as facilitator?
A. Authoritativeness
B. Authoritarianism
C. Hiya
D. Pakikisama
7. If a teacher plans a constructivist lesson, what will he most likely do? Plan how he can
A. do evaluate his students' work

B. do reciprocal teaching
C. lecture to his students
D. engage his students in convergent thinking
8. Who among the following needs less verbal counseling but needs more concrete and
operational forms of assistance? The child who __________.
A. has mental retardation

B. has attention-deficit disorder
C. has learning disability
D. has conduct disorder
9. How would you select the most fit in government positions? Applying Confucius teachings,
which would be the answer?
A. By course accreditation of an accrediting body
B. By merit system and course accreditation
C. By merit system
D. By government examinations
10. Which types of play is most characteristic of a four to six-year old child?
A. Solitary and onlooker plays
B. Associative and coooperative plays
C. Associative and onlooker plays
D. Cooperative and solitary plays
11. A teacher's summary of a lesson serves the following functions, EXCEPT
A. it links the parts of the lesson

B. lt brings together the information that has been discussed
C. it makes provisions for full participation of students.
D. it clinches the basic ideas or concepts of the lesson.
12. All of the following describe the development of children aged eleven to thirteen EXCEPT
__________.
A. they shift from impulsivity to adaptive ability

B. sex differences in IQ becomes more evident
C. they exhibit increase objectivity in thinking
D. they show abstract thinking and judgement
13. Teacher T taught a lesson denoting ownership by means of possessives. He first introduced
the rule, then gave examples, followed by class exercises, then back to the rule before he moved
into the second rule. Which presenting technique did he use?
A. Combinatorial
B. Comparative
C. Part-whole
D. Sequence
14. "In the light of the facts presented, what is most likely to happen when ... ?" is a sample
thought question on
A. inferring
B. generalizing
C. synthesizing
D. justifying
15. Teacher E discussed how electricity flows through wires and what generates the electric
charge. Then she gave the students wires, bulbs, switches, and dry cells and told the class to
create a circuit that will increase the brightness of each bulb. Which one best describes the
approach used?
A. It used a taxonomy of basic thinking skills

B. It was contructivist
C. It helped students understand scientific methodolgy
D. It used cooperative learning
16. Teacher B uses the direct instruction strategy. Which sequence of steps will she follow?
I. Independent practice
II. Feedback and correctiveness
III. Guided student practice
IV. Presenting and structuring
V. Reviewing the previous day's work
A. V-II-IV-III-I
B. III-II-IV-I-V
C. V-lV-III-II-I
D. I-V-II-III-IV
17. Which are direct measures of competence?
A. Personality tests
B. Performance tests
C. Paper-and-pencil tests
D. Standardized test
18. Under which program were students who were not accommodated in public elementary and
secondary schools because of lack of classroom, teachers, and instructional materials, were
enrolled in private schools in their respective communities at the government's expense?
A. Government Assistance Program

B. Study Now-Pay Later
C. Educational Service Contract System
D. National Scholarship Program
19. Which activity should a teacher have more for his students if he wants them to develop
logical-mathematical thinking?
A. Problem solving
B. Choral reading
C. Drama
D. Storytelling
20. An effective classroom manager uses low-profile classroom control. Which is a low-profile
classroom technique?
A. Note to parents
B. After-school detention
C. Withdrawal of privileges
D. Raising the pitch of the voice
21. Your teacher is of the opinion that the world and everything in it are ever changing and so
teaches you the skill to cope with change. What is his governing philosophy?
A. Idealism
B. Existentalism
C. Experimentalism
D. Realism
22. To come closer to the truth we need togo back to the things themselves.This is the advice of
the
A. behaviorists
B. phenomenologists
C. idealists
D. pragmatists
23. Test norms are established in order to have a basis for __________.
A. establishing learning goals

B. interpreting test results
C. computing grades
D. identifying pupils' difficulties
24. A stitch on time saves nine, so goes the adage.. Applied to classroom management, this
means that we __________
A. may not occupy ourselves with disruptions which are worth ignoring because they are minor
B. must be reactive in our approach to discipline
C. have to Jesolve minor disruptions before they are out of control
D. may apply 9 rules out of 10 consistently
25. Which criterion should guide a teacher in the choice of instructional devices?
A. Attractiveness
B. Cost
C. Novelty
D. Appropriateness

Araling Panlipunan Reviewer

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ARALING PANLIPUNAN REVIEWER

1. Katulong ng Datu sa paggawa ng batas.

Araling Panlipunan Reviewer

◊tao unang sumilpot 2 milyong taon nakaraan

◊edad ng sandaigdigan: 14,988,000,000

◊edad ng mundo: 4,498,000,000

◊1300BK: mga Tisno nagmasid sa galaw ng araw at posisyon ng mga bituin

◊Aristarchus: araw iniikutan ng planeta

◊Aristotle: daigdig sentro ng daigdig

◊Ptolemy: kakampi ni Aristotle

◊Nicolaus Copernicus: Mikolaj Kopernik; kakampi ni Aristarchus

◊Dalawang Bahagi ng Big Bang

isa’t isa at sa halip ay pwedeng bumalik at magbanggaan

Ang Pinanggalingan ng mga Tao

◊Australopithecus (bakulaw na Taga-timog): pangalng binigaysa uri ng unang tao

◊Cro-Magnon: masmalaking utak kaysa sa atin, matangkad(6talampakan), malalaki ang katawan

◊ unang apat na bilyong taon ng mundo nahati sa Archeozoic at Proterozoic

◊ ang dalawang ito’y tinawag na Precambrian

◊ dito unang nabuhay ang mga dikya, bulati, koral at mikrobyo

◊ Paleozoic binubuo ng Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian

◊ Devonian: makakapal na kagubatan, dumami ang isda

◊ nahahati Triassic, Jurassic at Cretaceous

◊ Triassic: dinosaur tulad ng pterodactyl; lumalangoy na buwaya, pagong pati palmera

◊ Jurassic: tumigas ang balat ng dinosaur kaya naging masmapanganib sila;

◊Cretaceous: tumaas ang tubig sa dagat kaya nagkahiwalay-hiwalay ang lupain;

lumitak bundok at bulkan (namatay ang maraming nilalang dahil sa alikabok)

◊ 63 milyong taon nakaraan nagsimula

◊ panahong umiiral pa rin ngayon

◊ ebolusyon ng mammal, ibon at halaman

◊ Tertiary: Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene

Ang Epokang Pleistocene

◊ Quartenary: Pleistocene, Holocene

ANG MGA PANAHON NG TAO

◊ Lumang Panahon ng Bato

◊natapos sa epokang Pleistocene

◊gumamit ang tao ng kasangkapang yari sa bato, buto, kahoy, halaman

◊nangaso ang tao

◊nagsuot ng damit ang tao mula sa balat ng hayop

◊natulog ang tao sa kweba

◊natunaw ang makapal na yelo; lumawak ang lupang pansakahan

◊naging maspino ang kagamitang bato

◊Bagong Panahon ng Bato

◊mga banga, paso, palayok

◊makikinis na kagamitang bato

◊tao’y tumigil sa paglalaboy

◊lumaki ang populasyon; nabuo ang pamayanan;organisasyong panlipunan

◊nagsimula ang pansakahan sa Timog Asya at lumaganap sa mundo

◊napabuti ang agrikultura sa Mesopotamia etc. noong 4000BK

◊naiwan ang bakas sa Europa 3000-2500 BK nakaraan

◊di masasabing isang panahon

◊tanso unang ginamit sa Mesopotamia noong 3500BK para sa sandata

◊tanso nagmula sa Asya Minor, Armenia, at Caucasia

◊3000 BK laganap paggamit ng tanso sa Timog Kanlurang Asya; 2000BK sa Europa

◊Bronze Age di naganap sa buong mundo

◊ore (dukalin) lumabas sa mesopotamia noong 2500BK

◊tunay na nag-umpisa noong 1000BK nang mapalitan na ang tanso

◊1400 BK:Asya Minor; 1100BK: Austria o Europa

◊umabot sa Amerika 1600PK

Teoryang Tulay Lupa

◊dahilan ang paglalakbay ng mga tao sa iba’t ibang kontinente

◊Eurasia nakakabit sa Aprika sa pamamagitan ng tangkay ng Suez

◊Kipot Bering nag-ugnay sa Eurasya sa Hilagang Amerika

◊Panama Canal idinugtong ang Timog at Hilaga Amerika