Thesis Report - Soumil

MIXED-USE HIGH RISE DEVELOPMENT
URBAN TOWERS
THESIS REPORT
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR of ARCHITECTURE
SOUMIL SENAPATI
BARN1AR16011
School of Architecture & Design

ITM UNIVERSITY
GWALIOR, M.P., INDIA
1
DECLARATION
SOUMIL SENAPATI (BARN1AR16011), hereby solemnly declare that the thesis entitled Mixed-
use high rise development submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the BACHELOR of
ARCHITECTURE degree at the ITM University Gwalior is a record of bona-fide work carried out
by me in the tenth semester of the course.
SOUMIL SENAPATI
BARN1AR16011
This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge the thesis entitled, Mixed use of high rise
development is a bona-fide work by SOUMIL SENAPATI (BARN1AR16011), of School of
Architecture ITM University.
This thesis report fulfils the requirement relating to the nature and standard laid down by the
ITM University Gwalior.
AR. JAI SHEJWALKAR AR. SONAL SINGH

(Thesis Guide) (Thesis coordinator)
School of Architecture School of Architecture
ITM University ITM University
2
RECOMENDATION
The thesis on , Mixed use of high rise development by SOUMIL SENAPATI (BARN1AR16011), of
the final year B.Arch. submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Architecture at the ITM University Gwalior is recommended for
acceptance.
External Examiner Internal Examiner
ACCEPTANCE
I hereby certify that the Thesis report entitled Mixed use of high rise development by SOUMIL
SENAPATI (BARN1AR16011) is accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the award of
the degree of Bachelor of Architecture at the ITM University Gwalior.
Dated- PROF. REBECCA JADON

(DEAN) School of Architecture
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am deeply indebted to my Professor and guide Ar. Jai Shejwalkar for her valuable guidance
and support. She has been a beacon and pillar of strength that steered my way towards the
study I undertook as an under graduate student. I greatly appreciate her/his gentle but firm
manner that helped me towards completing my thesis project.
I thank all the other faculty members Prof. Rebecca Jadon, Ar. Sonal Singh, Ar. Neha Bagrodia to
whom I owe a change in my outlook and attitude before I became another hard-core architect
and to install in me an angle of sensitivity about social issues.
I appreciate everyone who made this study possible.
I render my gratitude to Almighty who bestowed self-confidence, ability and strength in me to
complete this work.
I want to give special thanks to my senior Ar. Nidhi Saraswat to share her Thesis and Report for
reference during the time of pandemic when it was really hard to do the live case studies. I also
thank another senior Ar. Amrita Mohanty.
I also thank my Junior Sudip Das, Prakhar Singh Chauhan, Gaurav Raghuvanshi, Harshvardhan
Saxena, Nandita Sharma, Yash Chauhan, Swanit Chaudhary, Utkarsh Gupta & Bidisha Gupta for
their help during thesis period.
SOUMIL SENAPATI
4
CONTENTS
CHAPTER-1: SYNOPSIS-------------------------------------------------14-20
1.1 Abstract
1.2 Introduction Of The Project
1.3 Why There Is A Need Of Mixed Use?
1.4 Aim And Objective
1.5 Scope
1.6 Attributes & Design Challenges
1.7 Limitations
1.8 Justification Of Topic Selection
1.9 List of Major Components Of Design
1.10 Target Users
1.11 Methodology
CHAPTER-2: DATA COLLECTION----------------------------------------21-73

2.1 What Is Mixed Use Building
2.2 Types of Mixed Use Building
2.3 Typology
2.4 Zoning For Movement
2.5 Commercial Area Retail
2.5 Corporate Offices
2.7 Hotel
2.8 Residential Units
2.9 High Rise Building
2.10 Functional Relationship between Residential, Retail and Corporate Offices
CHAPTER-3: LITERATURE CASE STUDY----------------------------74-132

3.1 Kohinoor Square, Mumbai, India
3.2 Super Nova
3.3 Marina Sand Bay
3.4 Raffles City
3.5 Leeza Soho
3.6 Generali Towers
3.7 Future Towers
3.8 Belaroia Residential Building
5
Chapter-4: Site Analysis---------------------------------------------133-135
4.1 Site Location
4.2 Site Analysis
4.3 Bye Laws
4.4 Site
Chapter-5: Detail Design Drawings------------------------------136-182

5.1 Concept
5.2 Orientation & Form Evolution
5.3 Site Plan
5.4 Elevator Configuration
5.5 Mall GF, FF, SF Amenities TF & Conceptual Section
5.6 Hotel 2nd, 3rd, 4th.5th.6th and Type A & B
5.7 Hotel Section H1 & H2
5.8 Hotel 13 Types of Unit Plans
5.9 Office 3rd, Type A1, B, A2, C, A3, A4, D1, D2. D3, E1 & E2
5.10 Office Section O1 & O2
5.11 Residence Type A, B, C, D
5.12 Residence Section R1 & R2
5.13 Residence 2BHK, 3BHK, 4BHK
5.14 Views
Bibliography-----------------------------------------------------------183-184
6
LIST OF TABLES
Fig 1. Vertical Zoning-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
Fig 2. Movement Zoning-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
Fig 3. Rack Height----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
Fig 4. Counter Height-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
Fig 5. Rack Height----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
Fig 6. Other Counter Height--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
Fig 7. Cake Shelves--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
Fig 8. Hypermart-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
Fig 9. Open Sale -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
Fig 10. Close Sale----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
Fig 11.Shops With Counters--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
Fig 12. Shopping Centre/Mall------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
Fig 13. Shop Arcade-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
Fig 14. Width of Emergency Stairways-------------------------------------------------------------------------29
Fig 15. Width of Emergency Corridor--------------------------------------------------------------------------29
Fig 16. Door Type----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
Fig 17. Entrance Type-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
Fig 18. Shopping Windows Display Area----------------------------------------------------------------------30
Fig 19. Waiting Zone------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
Fig 20. Column Placement-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
Fig 21. Circulation In The Store----------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
Fig 22. Checkout Walking Zone----------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
Fig 23. Fresh Food Super market--------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
Fig 24. Functional Charts------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
Fig 25. Shopping Trolley & Section Of Floor -----------------------------------------------------------------33
Fig 26. Waiting Lobby-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
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Fig 27. Reception ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
Fig 28. Office Room Layouts--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
Fig 29. Office Floor Layout----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
Fig 30. Office Room Arrangement ------------------------------------------------------------------38, 39 & 40
Fig 31. Office Space Height ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
Fig 32. Office Circulation Space ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
Fig 33. Permissible reach and Angle----------------------------------------------------------------------------41
Fig34. Racks----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
Fig 35. Charts of Spaces and Calculation----------------------------------------------------------------------42
Fig 36. Conference/ Meeting Rooms --------------------------------------------------------------------------43
Fig 37. Filing System ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43
Fig 38. Sitting Arrangement---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44
Fig 39. Basic Room Layout of Hotel-----------------------------------------------------------------------------45
Fig 40. Hotel Functional Working Diagram-------------------------------------------------------------------45
Fig 41. Percentage of Hotel Spaces ----------------------------------------------------------------------------45
Fig 42. Room Size for various models of Hotel --------------------------------------------------------------45
Fig 43. Various Room Layouts of Hotel------------------------------------------------------------------------46
Fig 44. Hotel Plans---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------47
Fig 45. Hotel Section------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48
Fig 46. Closed Clusters----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Fig 47. Cluster --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Fig 48. Interlocking Cluster----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Fig 49. Interlocking Cluster----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Fig 50. Living and Dining Room Layout------------------------------------------------------------------------50
Fig 51. Kitchen--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
Fig 52. Bedroom Layout--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
Fig 53. Bathroom----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52
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Fig 54. Residence Staircase---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52
Fig 55. Climatic Factors---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53
Fig 56. Construction and Core-----------------------------------------------------------------------------53 & 54
Fig 57. Building Forms----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
Fig 58. Stairs-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56
Fig 59. Facade---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57
Fig 60. Restaurant/ Eating Places-------------------------------------------------------------------------------58
Fig 61. Dinning Table-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
Fig 62. Level Floor and Dropped Floor-------------------------------------------------------------------------60
Fig 63. Fire Spread Prevention-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------61
Fig 64. Fire Prevention---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62
Fig 65. Fire Apparatus Access------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63
Fig 66. Location of Elevators--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
Fig 67. Types of Elevators-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66
Fig 68. Arrangement of escalators------------------------------------------------------------------------------67
Fig 69. Parking System---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
Fig 70. Kohinoor Square-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74
Fig 71. Kohinoor Square Location-------------------------------------------------------------------------------75
Fig 72. Kohinoor Site Plan-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75
Fig 73. Climatic Factors---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------76
Fig 74. Zooning-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------76
Fig 75. Concept of the Building----------------------------------------------------------------------------------77
Fig 76. Distribution of Categories-------------------------------------------------------------------------------77
Fig 77. Vertical Zoning----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------78
Fig 78. 1st, 2nd, 3rd Floor Plans------------------------------------------------------------------------------------79
Fig 79. 6th, 7th Floor Plans------------------------------------------------------------------------------------80
Fig 80. Service Core-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------81
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Fig 81. 4th – 10th Floor Plan-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Fig 82. 5th Floor Plan-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Fig 83. 11th Floor Plan----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Fig8 4. 12th – 13th Floor Plan------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Fig 85. 14th – 15th Floor Plan------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Fig 86. 16th Floor Plan----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Fig 87. 17th Floor Plan ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
Fig 88. 18th Floor Plan----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
Fig 89. 19th – 23th Floor Plan------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
Fig 90. 20th & 24th Floor Plan-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
Fig 91. 21th & 25th Floor Plan------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
Fig 92. 22th & 26th Floor Plan----------------------------------------------------------------------------83 & 84
Fig 93. Residential Layouts----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------84
Fig 94. Sustainability Factors-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------85
Fig 95. Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------85
Fig 96. Structure System-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86
Fig 97. Foundation--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86
Fig 98. Amenities Vertical Section------------------------------------------------------------------------------87
Fig 99. Super Nova Key Plan--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------89
Fig 100. Super Nova Site Plan------------------------------------------------------------------------------------90
Fig 101. Total Landscape Areas----------------------------------------------------------------------------------91
Fig 102. Detailed Over All Ground Floor-----------------------------------------------------------------------92
Fig 103. Entry & Exits------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------92
Fig 104. Total Built-up Area---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------93
Fig 105. Various Blocks---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------93
Fig 106. Basement 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------94
Fig 107. Basement 2------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------95
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Fig 108. Basement 3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------95
Fig 109. Typical Service Floor – 38th Floor---------------------------------------------------------------------96
Fig 110. Typical Residence Floor---------------------------------------------------------------------------------97
Fig 111. Unit Plan of Residence type 1-------------------------------------------------------------------------97
Fig 112. Unit Plan of Residence type 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------97
Fig 113. Elevation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------98
Fig 114. Section------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------99
Fig 115. Vertical Zoning------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100
Fig 116. Residence and Office Vertical Zoning-------------------------------------------------------------101
Fig 117. Marina Bay Sand Resort------------------------------------------------------------------------------102
Fig 118. Marina Bay Sand Resort Site Plan------------------------------------------------------------------102
Fig 119. Marina Bay Sand Resort Section--------------------------------------------------------------------103
Fig 120. Marina Bay Sand Resort Upper Floor Restaurants--------------------------------------------103
Fig 121. Upper Levels Detailed Sections---------------------------------------------------------------------104
Fig 122. Marina Bay Sand Resort Sectional Elevation ---------------------------------------------------105
Fig 123. Marina Bay Sand Resort Museum Section-------------------------------------------------------106
Fig 124. Marina Bay Sand Resort Structural Details------------------------------------------------------106
Fig 125. Raffles City Chongqing--------------------------------------------------------------------------------107
Fig 126. Raffles City Chongqing Zoning----------------------------------------------------------------------107
Fig 127. Raffles City Chongqing Conceptual Section -----------------------------------------------------108
Fig 128. Raffles City Chongqing Zoning Upper Floor Restaurant--------------------------------------108
Fig 129. Raffles City Chongqing Zoning Upper Floor Restaurant Section---------------------------109
Fig 130. Leeza Soho-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------110
Fig 131. Leeza Soho Ground Floor Plan----------------------------------------------------------------------110
Fig 132. Leeza Soho Site Plan-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------110
Fig 133. Leeza Soho F15 Typical Office Layout-------------------------------------------------------------111
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Fig 134. Leeza Soho 5th, 20th & 40th Floor Plan-----------------------------------------------------------111
Fig 135. Leeza Soho Double Decker Elevator System----------------------------------------------------112
Fig 136. Leeza Soho General Section-------------------------------------------------------------------------112
Fig 137. Leeza Soho High/Low Elevator System-----------------------------------------------------------113
Fig 138. Leeza Soho Section AA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------113
Fig 139. Leeza Soho Section BB--------------------------------------------------------------------------------114
Fig 140. Leeza Soho Section South-east Elevation--------------------------------------------------------114
Fig 141. Leeza Soho Section North-east Elevation--------------------------------------------------------115
Fig 142. Leeza Soho Structure –Truss & Bridges-----------------------------------------------------------115
Fig 143. Leeza Soho Structure – Cores------------------------------------------------------------------------116
Fig 144. Leeza Soho Structure – Beams----------------------------------------------------------------------116
Fig 145. Leeza Soho Structure – Columns-------------------------------------------------------------------117
Fig 146. Leeza Soho Structure – All Elements--------------------------------------------------------------117
Fig 147. Leeza Soho Structure – Floor Slabs----------------------------------------------------------------118
Fig 148. Leeza Soho FS3 Elevation, Plan & Section-------------------------------------------------------118
Fig 149. Leeza Soho Detail Section P-------------------------------------------------------------------------119
Fig 150. Leeza Soho Detail Section & Plan------------------------------------------------------------------119
Fig 151. Leeza Soho Detail Section Q-------------------------------------------------------------------------120
Fig 152. Leeza Soho Detail Section R-------------------------------------------------------------------------120
Fig 153. Generali Towers-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121
Fig 154. Generali Towers Site Plan----------------------------------------------------------------------------121
Fig 155. Generali Towers Lower Ground Floor Plan------------------------------------------------------122
Fig 156. Generali Towers Ground Floor Plan---------------------------------------------------------------122
Fig 157. Generali Towers Level P05---------------------------------------------------------------------------123
Fig 158. Generali Towers Level P22---------------------------------------------------------------------------123
Fig 159. Generali Towers Rotation around Core-----------------------------------------------------------124
Fig 160. Generali Towers Rotation Angles------------------------------------------------------------------124
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Fig 161. Generali Towers Rotation of Floor Plates--------------------------------------------------------125
Fig 162. Generali Towers Section AA’------------------------------------------------------------------------126
Fig 163. Generali Towers East Elevation--------------------------------------------------------------------126
Fig 164. Generali Towers Elevator Configuration---------------------------------------------------------126
Fig 165. Generali Towers Section BB’------------------------------------------------------------------------127
Fig 166. Generali Towers Section CC’------------------------------------------------------------------------127
Fig 167. Generali Towers Apartment Entrance------------------------------------------------------------128
Fig 168. Future Towers MVRDV--------------------------------------------------------------------------------129
Fig 169. Future Towers MVRDV Floor Plans----------------------------------------------------------------129
Fig 170. Belaroia Residential Building------------------------------------------------------------------------130
Fig 171. Belaroia Residential Building Ground Floor Plan----------------------------------------------130
Fig 172. Belaroia Residential Building Typical Floor Plan A--------------------------------------------131
Fig 173. Belaroia Residential Building Typical Floor Plan B--------------------------------------------131
Fig 174. Belaroia Residential Building Structural Detail------------------------------------------------132
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CHAPTER 1:
SYNOPSIS
1.1.ABSTRACT-
The mixed improvement is a kind of metropolitan advancement that mixes private, business,
social, institutional, or diversion utilizes, where those capacities are truly and practically
coordinated and that gives passer by associations.
Blended use advancement can be 'vertical', in which a solitary structure obliges different
clients,, for example, mid-ascent high rises that has floors of office just as retail perplexing , or a
porch assembling that has a level on the main floor and a shop on the ground floor . Then again,
they can be 'flat', in which there is a scope of various structures on a similar site, each to satisfy
a particular reason. This plan will comprise of retail, workplaces and homes, for example,
administration lofts, Soho’s and so on furthermore, will be sent with the assistance of writing,
live and site examines.
This venture will show me the significant viewpoints and new techniques towards planning
multi-useful, multi-utility structures. What's more, will help me in understanding useful just as
primary perspectives.
Keywords: Mixed-use, multi-functional, structure, mid-rise.
1.2. INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT-

Mixed use improvement is a sort of metropolitan advancement that mix private, business, social,
institutional, or amusement utilizes, where those capacities are actually and practically
coordinated, and that gives passerby associations. Blended use improvements can be 'vertical', in
which a solitary structure obliges different utilizations, for example, high rises that has floors of
office just as a lodging complex, or a patio fabricating that has a level on the primary floor and a
shop on ground floor. On the other hand, they can be 'level', in which scope of various structures
on a similar site each satisfy a particular reason. All the more as of late, mixed use advancements
have become a more conspicuous component of preparation strategy, to revive metropolitan
focuses and creating benefits for the local area, like diminished interest for transport and other
foundation, nearby work openings, seriously fascinating metropolitan texture and improved
property estimations.
These advantages include:
 Greater lodging assortment and thickness
 Reduced distances between lodging, work environments, retail organizations, and
14
different objections
 More minimized turn of events
 Stronger area character
 Pedestrian and bike agreeable conditions
 Finally, mixed use, public travel agreeable neighborhoods benefit nearby economies.
They get a good deal on transportation by decreasing the length and number of ordinary
excursions and wiping out the need of vehicle possession. Mixed - use advancement
additionally upholds nearby organizations by expanding people strolling through.
Health-
 There is a developing assemblage of proof that the form climate – the man-made actual
design and the framework of networks – is a significant, however frequently overlooked,
social determinant of wellbeing. A disregard of local area - plan standards, absence of
walk able foundation, and compartmentalized form conditions with single clients can
prompt less dynamic way of life and a more prominent occurrence of constant weight and
related sicknesses.
Environmental -
 Reducing spread and building networks where occupants reside and stroll to work
diminishes vehicle utilization, emphatically affecting the climate. With the joining of
mixed use advancement and shrewd development rehearses, rambling improvement
examples could be decreased and personal satisfaction might be upgraded. Lacking area,
open spaces, and noteworthy and common assets could be protected.
Vertical Mixed-Use Development –

 Combines various uses inside a similar structure
 Provides for more open uses on the lower floor, for example, retail shops, cafés, of
business organizations
 Provides for more private uses on the upper floors like private units, hotel, or office
space.
Horizontal Mixed-Use Development-

 Consists of single-use structures inside a mixed use drafting area bundle, which
considers a scope of land utilizes in a solitary improvement project.
 Provides for an assortment of reciprocal and incorporated uses that are walk able and
inside a given area, lot or land, or advancement project.
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Mixed-Use Walk able Areas-
 Combines both vertical and horizontal mix of uses in an area, within an
approximately 10-minute
 walking distance to core activities
1.3. WHY THERE IS A NEED OF MIXED USE?

Examination proof shows that mixed land use (for example the presence of various objections) is
a key factor impacting neighborhood walkability, travel cost and fuel use. In low density
neighborhoods with a couple of nearby objections, less individuals walk and more individuals
drive.
Low density areas bring about exercises being fanned out bringing about vehicle reliance and
geographic imbalance as better off individuals move to areas that limit their movement. Blended
use is the mix of different uses inside one structure or gathering of structures - retail, office,
and private, in any mix. The structure model has long chronicled roots and fills in as a fitting
model for variation in downtown. Blended use tends to two crucial necessities of the local area
- lodging and business administrations. Also, incorporating business and private uses upholds
quality metropolitan plan. The variety of business and private uses and building structures
brings to the streetscape added life and dynamic quality. The regular observation of individuals
going back and forth at various hours (office, retail, and lodging) amplifies utility and gives
security to the space.
 Minimize land use, energy use, and fossil fuel byproduct.
 Promotes natural supportability.
 Reducing traffic and contamination by permitting inhabitants to utilize their vehicles

less.
 Creating walker cordial conditions because of the brief distances between living,
work, business and sporting objections.
1.4. AIM AND OBJECTIVE-

AIM–
To create a mixed use where four typologies can be incorporated such as residence, hotel,
office, and retail while providing a better connectivity as well as segregation with each other
and also providing a good maintenance and mechanical system.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES-
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The principle objective of this examination project is to characterize the unpredictable
difficulties of a plan contemplations impacted by vertically stacked capacities in the previous
plan stage.
This exploration will address the significant boundaries in the plan of mixed‐use tall structures
and their relationship to create the best synergy out of them.
Far reaching contextual investigation will be performed with relative examination by picturing
and modernizing the information to build up information base that will be obtained from
different case studies.
1. Determine the space issues when a few capacities are combined as one in a solitary
structure.
2. Determine the significance of room productivity in mixed‐use structures.
3. Determine the various parts of mixed‐use structures contrasted with single‐use building.
4. Determine the inter‐relationships between work dispersion and space proficiency in blended
use structures.
5. Provide heading for objective practical dispersion and space effectiveness.
1.5. SCOPE-
To follow the thought behind this improvement is the integral nature and relationship of these
resource classes with one another, that is, office labour force might want to remain nearer to
their homes while retailers might want to be in vicinity to the workplace and neighbourhoods
areas.
 Analysing and utilizing new planning methods.
 This undertaking will make essential walk able spaces.
 It hoists a feeling of spot.
 Connects inhabitants to their work environments.
 To renew business area puts and making new advertisement places.
 In expansion to building imperativeness, this will bring retail conveniences to an area.
Furthermore, give business
 Opportunities to neighbourhood business visionaries.
1.6. ATTRIBUTES AND DESIGN CHALLENGES-
With the ascent of mixed use advancements comes the chance to make economical, durable
constructions that improve encompassing structures and their individual areas—where
17
individuals live, work and play in a similar territory. The need to make blended use
improvements more energy effective carries with it various difficulties.
 Aesthetics of the complex is significant since the correct image ability would prompt an
effective plan.
 The codes, guidelines, drafting necessities and life wellbeing estimates should be dealt
with.
 In adequate information on accessible public/private advantages
 Safety and security issues.
 Providing accommodation to the client and Environmental issues
 Need to work collaborate with arranging offices, the local area, numerous improvement
groups, and conceivably various proprietors.
 Transportation and framework issues.
 Design of a passer-by cordial climate.
 Financing project expenses and capital upgrades for a multi-staged project.
 RESIDENTIAL UNITS – The private units will be given in 4 classes. 2 BHK units, 3 BHK
units, 4 BHK units, 1 BHK units/STUDIO APARTMENTS, SERVICED APARTMENTS, SOHO
APARTMENTS. All these will take into account the lodging need with high security and
admittance to extravagances on location – sporting, retail, clubhouse, and workplaces.
 COMMERCIAL SPACE – The workplace space will make a light air with in-house
sporting offices and bringing the quintessence of nature into the workspace with mix of
open spaces. The retail part will be there for every one and hotel is also there to add a
better infrastructure in the project.
 INTEGRATION AND INDIVIDUALITY OF SPACES – The principle challenge of a
blended utilize complex is incorporation of the 3 capacities and shaping a spatial
connection between them which are in nearness to one another just as their individual
capacity. Every segment ought to have the option to provide food separately alongside
its relationship to different segments.
 RECREATIONAL FACILITIES – Luxurious offices for the occupants and labourers
should be given to make whole serviceable complex taking into account the idea of
balancing their personal life, work life and amusement life.
1.7. LIMITATIONS-
 This mixed use configuration will be restricted to detail planning of hotel, office 2BHK,
3BHK, 4BHK and service with site environmental factors.
 The floor stature will be limited to 150m.
1.8. JUSTIFICATION OF TOPIC SELECTION-
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Planning the mixed use building will offer me a chance to concentrate how various uses can be
coordinated in an equivalent complex/building.
How the various uses can be planned in a solitary structure/complex without covering one
another.
It will give me a chance to contemplate the tall structure in detail.
 The different primary frameworks associated with a tall structure.
 The different administrations needed in an elevated structure.
1.9. LIST OF MAJOR COMPONENTS OF DESIGN-
RESIDENTIAL - 2BHK, 3BHK, 4BHK, SOHO’S AND 1BHK/STUDIO APPARTMENTS, CLUB HOUSE
AND VARIOUS AMINITIES.
CORPORATE OFFICES - MEETING ROOMS, WORKSPACE, SERVICE CORE, CONFERENCE

ROOMS, RESTAURANTS, PANTRY AND CAFÉ.
HOTELS – VARIOUS ROOMS, DIFFERENTABLED ROOMS, RESTAURANTS, CAFÉ, SERVICE CORE,

VARIOUS AMINITIES.
SHOPPING COMPLEX – RETAIL SHOPS, FOOD COURT, CAFE
1.10. TARGET USERS-

RESIDENTIAL – RESIDENTS, SUPPORTING STAFF
CORPORATE OFFICE – CORPORATE STAFF SUPPORTING STAFF
SHOPPING COMPLEX – GENERAL PUBLIC, STAFF, RESIDENTS, CORPORATE STAFF
HOSPITALITY – GUESTS, HOTEL STAFF
19
1.11. METHODOLOGY-
TOPIC SELECTION
SITE SELECTION DATA COLLECTION
TO SET AIM, OBJECTIVES,

LIMITATIONS, SCOPE OF DESIGN,
AND SCOPE OF DESIGN PROJECT
LEARNING AND DESIGNING

STRATEGIES THROUGH VARIOUS
CASE STUDIES AND LIBRARY STUDIES.
SITE ANALYSIS, ACCESSIBILITY AND

APPROACH, TOPOGRAPHY,
VEGETATION STUDY, SOIL STUDY,
CLIMATE, BYE-
LAWS, SURROUNDINGS ETC.
COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS
FRAMING REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATION
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
REPORT FORMULATION
FINAL DESIGN
20
CHAPTER – 2:
DATA COLLECTION
2.1. WHAT IS MIXED-USE BUILDING?

Mixed use advancement is a kind of metropolitan improvement that mix private, business,
social, institutional, or diversion utilizes, where those capacities are truly and practically
incorporated, and that gives person on foot associations.
All the more as of late, blended use improvements have become a more conspicuous element
of preparation strategy, determined to renew metropolitan focuses and producing benefits for
the local area, like decreased interest for transport and other framework, nearby work
openings, really fascinating metropolitan texture and upgraded property estimations.
These advantages include:
 Greater housing variety and density.
 Reduced distances between housing ,work environments, retail organizations, and
different objections
 More reduced turn of events
 Stronger area character
 Pedestrian and bike cordial conditions
Truth be told, one of the principle contentions for blending retail,
workplaces, and condos is the live/work/play. To live, shop and
work in a similar advancement has extraordinary efficient
freedoms that give an individual all the more spare energy and
assists with advancing the utilization of both walker and bike
travel, which has way of life suggestions and natural benefits by
lessening traffic on streets and furthermore where diversion and
eateries are on their entryway step. Through blended use
improvements, solid area habitats and dynamic road frontages
which unite the individuals who work, live and play nearby.
Fig. 1. Vertical Zooning

Contingent upon the capacity, the tall structures can be named:
(Nidhi Saraswat’s
 Single-Function, and Thesis Report)
 Mixed-Use structures
A single-function tall building is characterized as one where 85% or a greater amount of its
absolute floor region is committed to a solitary utilization.
21
A mixed-use tall building contains at least two capacities, where every one of the capacities
possesses at any rate 15% of the pinnacle's absolute floor territory. Subordinate/support zones,
for example, vehicle leaves and mechanical plant space don't comprise blended use capacities.
2.2. TYPES OF MIXED USE ZONING

Neighbourhood commercial zoning – comfort labour and products, for example, corner shops,
allowed in any case stringently local locations
Main Street residential/commercial – a few story structures with private units above and
business units on the ground floor confronting the road
Urban residential/commercial – multi-story private structures with business and community
utilizes on ground floor
Office accommodation – places of business with little retail and administration utilizes
arranged to the workplace labourers
Office/residential – multi-family private units inside places of business bouncing
Shopping mall conversion – private or potentially office units added (nearby) a current
independent shopping centre
Retail locale retrofit – retrofitting of a rural retail territory to a more town like appearance and
blend of employments
Live/work – occupants can work private companies on the ground floor of the structure where
they reside
Studio/light mechanical – occupants may work studios or little workshops in the structure
where they reside
Hotel/residence – blend lodging space and top of the line multi-family private
 Parking structure with ground-floor retail
 Single-family withdrew home locale with remain solitary retail plaza
2.3. TYPOLOGY
MIXED USE BUILDINGS: Where a solitary structure block consolidates the variety of
building utilizes from retail, business, private, administrations and so forth. This scale includes
an in an upward direction blended use typology, for example, multifamily private use over a
retail use.
MIXED USE PARCEL OR SITES: This includes the arranged unit advancements or the
customarily neighbourhoods where group of structures on various property lines offer free
structure utilizes with one another inside strolling distances, for e.g. a neighbourhood with
22
singular structures offering clients need going from retail, private and so forth This plan scale
accommodates bundles where the blend of employments is grown evenly, for example, an
apartment building close to a retail outlet.
MIXED USE WALKABLE OR TRANSIT AREAS: Mixed use advancement with 1/2 or 1/4
mile range where different client needs can be met inside 10mins strolling distance. The level
advancement is done around a travel station where the rails go through the core of the city
with the need of voyagers and clients around the travel habitats.
2.4. ZONING FOR MOVEMENT
Fig. 2. Movement Zoning (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
2.5. COMMERCIAL AREA RETAIL

 Retail premises consist of buildings or rooms where goods or services are sold to public.
 Shops and retail outlets are an important part of the mixed use building. The purpose is
to provide recreational as well as shopping spaces within the mixed use complex so that
the time can be saved.
2.5.1. GENERAL DESIGN AND PLANNING GUIDELINES

 Column Spacing: 20, 25 and 30 ft.
 Shop Depth: 120 to 140 ft. deep
If there are basements or mezzanines, the depth dimension usually can be reduced
20 to 25percent.
 Heights:
23
* Basements 8 to 9 ft. high, in the clear permit economical stock storage.
*Ground floors are preferably approximately 12 ft. high, if no mezzanine is included;
mezzanines at least 7 ft. 6 in. above floor level will accommodate most fixture heights.
*Height from mezzanine floor to ceiling may be as low as 6 ft. 6 in. if used for service
space only; 7 ft. is the preferred minimum for public use.
• Shelf sizes: As determined by real estate values , and merchandising, structural,

fixture, and aisles space requirements-
*Shops with one customer’s aisle only are usually 12 to 15 ft. wide by 50 to 60 ft. long in
large cities
*15 to 18 ft. wide by 60 to 80 ft. long in smaller cities.
• Aisle widths:
• For clerks, min. = 1 ft. 8
in.; desirable, 2 ft. to 2
ft. 3 in.
• For main public aisles,
min. ~= 4 ft. 6 in.; avg.,
5 ft. 6 in. to 7 ft.; usual
max., 11 ft.
• Secondary public
aisles, 3 ft. to 3 ft. 6 in.
COUNTER HEIGHTS
Fig.3 Rack Heights

(Neuferd 4th Edition)
Fig. 4. Counter Height

24
Fig 5 Rack Heights (Neuferd 4th Edition)
Fig. 6 Other Counter Height (Neuferd 4th Edition)

2.5.2. VARITY SHOPS
These are huge space clients selling a wide scope of non-food products, primarily without
anyone else choice in an open deals territory. In certain stores a piece of the space is utilized for
self-administration food deals. Incorporates autonomous and different corporate retailers
(Woolworths, Marks and Spencer, Little wood, and so on)
Size and location: Sales zones territory from 500 to 15 000 m 2, most significant stores being
between 10 000 and 15 000 m 2 with deals: auxiliary region proportions of 50:50.
Location:
 Prime high roads: serving sizeable catchment populaces.

 Shopping centres: staggered connections to upper and lower floors
 Regional shopping edifices and retail stops (space permitting presentation of more
extensive scopes of merchandise).
Significant stores require catchments of 80 000 to 100 000.
2.5.3. SUPERMARKET
Stores sell food and standard home-grown necessities on self-administration lines. The business
spaces of enormous space clients range from 1000 to 2500 m 2 albeit numerous little food
25
merchants likewise utilize self-administration.
Arranging: Sales are constantly on one story, intended to permit streetcar flow from vehicle
leave through the store. Where required, upper floors are restricted to non-food products. A
basic rectangular arrangement is liked with 30 to 60 m facing.
(Least facing (18 m) may require twofold banked checkouts.) The position and
Design of the checkout focuses administer passageway, exit and course designs. Deals zones
have enormous unhampered spaces with underlying frameworks of 9.0 m or more (to suit
stand dividing) and 3.66 m clear roof statures.
LAYOUT: The fundamental passageways are 2.2 to 2.5 m wide expanding to 2.8 to 3.2 m before
store counters and new/frozen meat cupboards. 3.0 m across walkways are given toward the
finish of turns and an unmistakable region 2.2 to 3.0 m profound on each side of the checkout
line. Space must be assigned for clients to gather and re-establish crates and streetcars.
Fig. 7. Cake Shelve

s
26
2.5.4. HYPERMARKETS
These are extremely enormous stores
on general store lines however with in
any event 2500 m 2 deals floor.
Models incorporate Sava focuses
which furnish 11 000 m2 deals
corridors with 50 checkouts and gross
floor spaces of 20 000 m2. Contrasted
and general stores the scope of non-
food lines is stretched out up to 50
percent of the space.
Fig. 8. Hypermarkets (Neuferd 4th Edition)

27
2.5.5. OPEN SALE 2.5.6. CLOSE SALE
Fig. 9 Open Sale (Neuferd 4th Edition) Fig. 10 Close Sale

2.5.7. SHOPS WITH COUNTERS
Fig. 11 Shops With Counters

28
2.5.8 SHOPPING CENTER/MALL
2.5.9. SHOPPING ARCADE
Fig. 12 Shopping Center/Mall

2.5.10. WIDTHOF EMERGENCY STAIR
WAYS
Fig. 13 Shop Arcade

2.5.11. WIDTH OF EMERGENCY

CORRIDOR
Fig. 14 Width of emergency Stair Ways

Fig. 15 Width of
Emergency Corridor
29
2.5.12. DOOR AND ENTRANCE TYPES
Fig. 17 Entrance Type

Fig. 16 Door Type (Neuferd 4th Edition)
2.5.13. SHOP WINDOW DISPLAY AREA
Fig. 18 Shop Windows Display Area (Neuferd 4th Edition)
2.5.14. WAITING ZONE, SELF SERVICE AREA
30
2.5.15. COLUMN PLACEMENT
Fig. 20 Column
Fig. 19 Waiting Zone Placement (Neuferd 4th

(Neuferd 4th Edition) Edition)
2.5.16. CIRCULATION IN THE STORES
Fig. 21 Circulation In The Stores

2.5.17. CHECKOUT WALKING ZONE
Fig. 22 Checkout Walking
Zone (Neuferd 4th Edition)
31
2.5.18. FRESH FOOD SUPERMARKET
Fig. 23 Fresh Food
Super Market (Neuferd
4th Edition)
Fig. 23 Fresh Food

Super Market (Neuferd
4th Edition)
2.5.19. FUNCTIONAL CHARTS

Fig. 24 Functional
Charts (Neuferd 4th
Edition)
32
2.5.20. SHOPPING TROLLEY
Fig. 25 Shopping
Trolley (Neuferd 4th
Edition)
2.5.21 SECTION OF FLOORS
33
2.6. CORPORATE OFFICES
A bunch of rooms, or building utilized as a position of business for non-manual work. The
manner by which office space is coordinated and jobs are characterized influences the
necessities for office space.
An enormous place of business may comprise of a few unique kinds of spaces.
Work Spaces:-
Workstations: fundamental arrangement of work surface, seat, stockpiling and hardware,
conceivably with some screening.
Individual Offices: completely encased spaces, for a couple of individuals.

Cell: non committed, completely encased space for peaceful and secret working.
Meeting Areas: open spaces with formal and casual gathering furniture, with exceptional
offices with electronic whiteboards, general media, or video conferencing hardware
Backing Spaces: serve the activity of the entire structure, and may likewise be available at
public face. Meeting rooms: adjusting control and welcome, with a front counter, guest seating
and show, arrangement for security and deliveries.
Cafés/Cafeterias: including bistros and eating territories with formal and casual seating
which might be utilized throughout the day for gatherings or individual working.
2.6.1. CORE LOCATIONS

1. CENTRAL (INTERIOR)
Merits: It permits all window space to be used as rentable office space and relying on the
design of the structure plan will allow workplaces of changing profundities to get common light.
The focal area is likewise very helpful as far as access and at times might be equidistant for all
sides. This improves on region division and gives great adaptability of inhabitant conveyance
similarly,
Even utility runs may likewise be generally equidistant from the centre.
Demerits: The focal inside area restricts the profundity of workplaces in the midzone of each
floor, accordingly influencing the component of adaptability in office design. Another floor-
territory con-adding normal for this centre is that it requires an entrance hallway around its
edge.
2. OFF CENTER (INTERIOR)
34
Merits: The helter-skelter inside centre allows all window or building border space to be
utilized for workplaces. How-ever, it presents to some degree greater adaptability in most
extreme profundity and plan of spaces. This can be especially alluring where huge open spaces.
Demerits: Because it is askew, it is fairly far off and hence less advantageous to the far sides
and corners of the structure.
3. SPLIT (INTERIOR)
Benefits: Access to this centre is from the space between its split components and not from
the space around its edges. This grants greater adaptability of floor-region division, leaving
even the territory promptly nearby the centre accessible for office space. Contingent upon the
width of the entrance space in the focal point of the centre, this space might be put to various
utilizations on various floors. At the ground, or section, level this region can turn into an
anteroom, while on floors where lifts don't stop this space can be utilized for extra office space.
4. EXTERIOR
It leaves the whole floor space of the structure accessible for inhabitant use. Moreover, the
centre doesn't confuse the floor plan either practically or primarily. With this sort of plan,
greatest adaptability is accomplished regarding inhabitant conveyance, office profundity, and
format. Since the centre makes a "dead divider" or bit thereof, it very well might be utilized as a
cushion between the structure and an abutting property which may have offensive attributes.
2.6.2. GENERAL DESIGN AND PLANNING GUIDELINES

•Floor Depth: Glass-to-centre profundities of 9-12 m permit space for cell office space or
open arrangement in addition to capacity.
Glass-to-glass profundities of 13.5-18 m permit a few zones of office and backing space.
•Floor to floor Height: Floor-to-floor statures of 4–4.5 m give most extreme adaptability
and great visual solace.
•Partition Grids: A 1.35 m lattice permits 2.7 m wide workplaces; a 1.5 m matrix will give 3
m wide workplaces, and relates better to building segments in 600 mm modules.
•Size of semi-private workplaces: The semiprivate office is a room, going in size from 150
to 400 sq. ft., involved by at least two people. These workplaces can be encased by roof high,
three-quarter-high, or bank-type parts.
•Size of private workplaces: It is attractive that private workplaces be at least 100 sq. ft.
and a maxi-mum of 300 sq. ft. each in size, contingent on the prerequisites of the tenant.
• Reception and Waiting Areas:
35
Fig. 26 Waiting Lobby (Neuferd 4th Edition)
36
Fig. 27 Reception
Fig. 28 Office Room Layouts

37
Fig. 29 Office Floor Layout
Fig. 30 Office Room Arrangement

38
Fig. 30 Office Room Arrangement
39
Fig.30 Office Room Arrangement
Fig.31 Office Space Height

40
CIRCULATION SPACE-
Fig. 32 Office Circulation Space
PERMISSIBLE REACH AND ANGLES- RACKS-
Fig. 33 Permissible reach and Angles (Neuferd 4th Edition) Fig. 34 Racks (Neuferd 4th Edition)
41
Fig. 35 Charts of Spaces and Calculation
42
CONFERENCE ROOM/MEETING ROOM-
Fig. 36 Conference/ Meeting Rooms (Neuferd 4th Edition)
Fig. 37 Filing System

43
Fig. 38 Sitting Arrangement (Neuferd 4th Edition)
44
2.7. HOTEL
Fig. 39 Basic Room Layout of Hotel Fig. 40 Hotel Functional Working Diagram
(Neuferd 4th Edition) (Neuferd 4th Edition)
Fig. 41 Percentage of Hotel Spaces (Neuferd 4th Edition)
Fig. 42 Room Size for various models of Hotel (Neuferd 4th Edition)
45
2.7.1. ROOM LAYOUTS
Fig. 43 Various Room

Layouts of Hotel (Neuferd
4th Edition)
46
2.7.2 HOTEL PLANS
Fig. 44 Hotel Plans

47
2.7.3. SECTION
Fig. 45 Hotel Section

48
2.8. RESIDENTIAL UNITS
The architect’s most reliable guide is a thorough analysis of the function, furnishings and
circulation pattern of each space.
2.8.1. CLOSED CLUSTERS 2.8.2. CLUSTER

Clusters with only one common Plots or dwelling units or housing
entry into cluster open space. grouped around an open space
Fig. 46 Closed Clusters (Neuferd 4th Edition) Fig. 47 Cluster (Neuferd 4th Edition)
2.8.3. INDEPENDENT CLUSTER 2.8.4. INTERLOCKING CLUSTER
Clusters surrounded from all sides by vehicular Clusters when joined at back and on sides with
access roads and/or pedestrian paths. at least one side of a cluster common and
having some dwelling units opening onto or
having access from the adjacent clusters.
Fig. 48 Interlocking Fig. 49 Interlocking

Cluster (Neuferd 4th Cluster (Neuferd 4th
Edition) Edition)
Objective of the Study
 The least regions needed for every part of the home/condo.
49
 The number of clients in each set of convenience.
 The Parking necessities for every level/home.
 The fire Safety Regulations and Standards. Segments Of an Individual
Apartment/Residence:
Parlour
•Dining Area+ Kitchen
•Bed Room
•Bathroom/Toilet
Building Standards:
PLINTH
The plinth or any piece of a structure or toilet will be so situated as for the encompassing
ground level that sufficient see page of the site is guaranteed. The stature of the plinth will be
not less than 450 mm from the encompassing ground level.
2.8.5. LIVING ROOM (LIVING-DINING ROOM)

The living room is the most impressive and largest of all rooms in the apartment, which is why
many developers like it to be visible from the entry hall.
Fig. 50 Living and Dining Room Layout

DINING A truly separate dining room can
be afforded only in townhouse or luxury
housing. Although this alcove can occupy an
inner zone, a windowed area is preferable
even though it creates a larger building
perimeter and consequently increases cost.
50
2.8.6. KITCHEN
The area of a kitchen where separate
dining area is provided shall be not less
than 5.0 m2 with a minimum width of
1.8m.
Careful planning is required for kitchen. It
is a place for cooking, service and storage.
Storage space normally provided
in cabinets or utility closets can be
expanded by the addition of shallow
pantries: floor to ceiling shelving behind
hinged doors. When planning kitchen, the
basic sequence of refrigerator-sink- stove, Fig. 51 Kitchen
starting from the door and progressing (Neuferd 4th Edition)
towards the serving and eating areas
should be observed.
2.8.7. BEDROOM
Stature
The stature of all spaces for human
home will not be under 2.75 m estimated from the outside of the floor to the absolute bottom
of the roof.
The least clear head room under a shaft, collapsed plates or roof will be 2.4 m.
In the instance of cooled rooms, a tallness of at least 2.4 m estimated from the outside of the
floor to the absolute bottom of cooling conduit or the bogus roof will be given.
Size
The space of liveable room will not be under 9.5 m2, where there is just one room with a base
width of 2.4 m. Where there are two rooms, one of these will not be under 9.5 m2 and the
other at least 7.5 m2, with a base width of 2.1 m.
Every room ought to have sufficient room for twofold inheritance and give fundamental
furnishings:
 Two twin beds 3'- 3" x 6'- 10"
 One dresser 1'- 6" x 4'- 4"
 One seat 1'- 6" x 1'- 6"
 One bunk 2'- 6" x 4'- 6 Fig. 52 Bedroom Layout
51
2.8.8. BATHROOMS
In the event that shower and water-wardrobe are
consolidated, its floor region will not be under 2.8 m2
with a base width of
1.2 m.
For economy a consecutive plan of restrooms is
favoured either in a similar condo or with one that is
contiguous. At the point when a condo has at least two
washrooms, one is usually connected to the main
room; the others serve the excess rooms.
Fig. 53 Bathroom
In case of a
residential High
Rise Building open
spaces shall be as
below:
 Up to a
height of 24 m,
with one set-back,
the open spaces
at the ground
level, shall be not
less than 6 m;
 For
heights between
Fig. 54 Residence 24 m and 37.5 m
Staircase (Neuferd 4th with one set-back,
Edition) the open spaces
at the ground
level, shall be not
less than 9 m;
For heights above
37.5 m with two set-backs, the open spaces at the ground level shall be not less than 12 m; and
his deficiency in the open spaces shall be made good to satisfy 8.2.3.1 through the set- backs at
the upper levels; these set-backs shall not be accessible from individual rooms/flats at these
levels.
52
Fig.55 Climatic Factors (Neuferd 4th Edition)
2.9. HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

2.9.1. CONSTRUCTION AND CORE
Fig. 56 Construction and Core (Neuferd 4th Edition)

53
Fig. 56 Construction and Core (Neuferd 4th Edition)
Fig. 57 Building Forms (Neuferd 4th Edition)
54
Casing development in steel or built up kind of concrete is the norm arrangement. Ranges
fluctuate as indicated by material and development. Strong supported substantial pieces range
2.5-5.5 m, ribbed sections 5.0-7.5 m, both with a most extreme 12.5 m between fundamental
radiates. Pre-focused on cement can range up to 25m with just 0.75 m underlying profundity - >
p. 244 8. The outside divider ought to be a shade divider before put off outer segments
(observe fire insurance - > p. 246 0). There are huge numbers of blended types of development,
for example, steel outlines with substantial floors. In regions at hazard of seismic tremors,
unique development is important to forestall swaying of the structure.
The plan of tall structures is dictated by the development framework and the upward access
components. The proportion of usable floor region to building cost turns out to be ever less
ideal with the expanding stature of the structure. Development and access regions take up an
enormous piece of the arrangement region. The division of tall structure structures into areas
with transport to 'sky entryways' by express lift, where the travellers can move to typical lifts,
diminishes the space needed for lifts and the movement time-> p. 246 e. Cost-adequacy relies
upon the 'influence factor', the proportion of most extreme passable level disfigurement at the
top to the absolute stature of a structure (max. 1:600). The definitive factor for the plan of
exceptionally high structures is the level powers (wind) and not the upward loads. 90% of even
disfigurement comes from the moving of the casing, or 'shear influence', furthermore, 1 0%
comes from the inclination of the whole structure. Casing structures without uncommon breeze
propping are financial simply up to around 10 stories. Traditional edge frameworks lead to
uneconomic measurements for in excess of 20 stories. Supported substantial edges are useful
up to 10 stories without, and for 20-30 stories with, supporting dividers and higher than that for
substantial cylinder and twofold tub Frame development in steel or built up concrete is the
norm arrangement. Ranges fluctuate as per material and kind of development. Strong built up
substantial sections range 2.5-5.5 m, ribbed sections 5.0-7.5 m, both with a most extreme 12.5
m between fundamental radiates. Pre-focused on cement can range up to 25m with just 0.75 m
underlying profundity - > p. 244 8. The outside divider ought to be a window ornament divider
before put off outside sections (observe fire assurance - > p. 246 0). There are large numbers of
blended types of development, for example, steel outlines with substantial floors. In regions at
hazard of quakes, uncommon development is important to forestall wavering of the structure.
55
ESCAPE ROUTES - Departure courses are min. 1.25 m wide and ought to if conceivable lead
in two bearings, to every flight of stairs. The greatest strolling distance from each place of a
consumed room may not surpass 25 m. Halls with two getaway bearings might be max. 40 m
long. After 20 m, a smoke-evidence self-shutting entryway should be introduced. Branch
passages with just one getaway bearing might be max. 10m long. In the event that a
subsequent getaway course (for example a
getaway gallery) is accessible, at the most. 20
m.
STAIRS - Elevated structures up to 60 m

high: in any event two crisis steps should be
accessible, which should be situated inverse
in two separate fire compartments. Their
strolling width should be at any rate 1.25 m.
The well hole should be min. 0.80 m wide to
stay away from having to lay hoses on the
steps. Smoke outlets should be given at their
most noteworthy point (5% of the floor
region however min. 1 m2). The exit should
be straight forwardly out from the shadows
air or through an anteroom with no fire load.
In remarkable cases, one flight of stairs can
be supported for elevated structures up to 60
m in stature, on the off chance that it is a
Fig. 58 Stairs (Neuferd 4th Edition)
security flight of stairs. Prerequisites for the area of steps.
LIFTS - Up to around 25 stories, it is common to furnish one gathering of lifts with all lifts
serving all floors. On the off chance that in excess of 6 lifts are fundamental, they ought to be
separated into two gatherings. In higher structures, the lifts are parted into gatherings. A
gathering of lifts serves a specific number of floors with need. When there are more than three
gatherings, this framework becomes uneconomic on the grounds that of the great number of
lifts in the lower region. Tall structures above around 200 m in this way have 'sky halls' reached
by an express gathering (generally 2-3) and further appropriation proceeds from there. This
empowers various lifts in a single shaft to give the fine circulation.
FIRE SERVICE LIFT - In tall structures in excess of 30 m high, there should be at any rate one
fire administration lift in its own shaft, from where each place of a consumed room can be
reached inside a span of 50 m. It must have a waiting room with a hydrant, which is sufficiently
enormous to empower the vehicle of cots to the lift. Access courses should be at least T 30 fire-
impeding.
56
FAÇADE - To stay away from fire spreading from one story to the one above, there should be
W 90 A fireproof railings in any event 1 m high (fire spreading tallness). On the other hand, a W
90 A flat structure component projecting in any event 1.5 m from the façade can be given. All-
glass facades (additionally twofold facades) are allowed uniquely with unique endorsements if
specific insurance measures (region sprinklers, fog quenching frameworks) can forestall the
spread of fire to the next story. Window regions which can't be cleaned securely from inside,
must be cleaned from an external perspective via prepared work force utilizing appropriate
device.
Fig. 59 Façade (Neuferd 4th Edition)
57
2.10. FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL,
COMMERCIAL AND SHOPPING COMPLEX
VERTICAL STRUCTURE
 The lower floor can be utilized for shopping perplexing, the middle of the road floors for
business workplaces and the upper floors for private use.
 Service centre ought to be regular with just a modification in the size of floor plate,
contingent on the utilization.
 Separate emergency exit courses.
HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE
 If the complex is extended upward, walkability ought to be remembered with every one
of the three uses in close association of the clients.
 The focal patio ought to be very much utilized for entertainment and finishing purposes.
RESTAURANT/EATING PLACES
Fig. 60 Restaurant/ Eating Places (Neuferd 4th Edition)

58
Fig. 61 Dinning Table (Neuferd 4th Edition)
59
Fig. 62 Level Floor and Dropped Floor (Neuferd 4th Edition)
OTHER SERVICES-
 Services are the backbone of a building.
 For any building to work efficiently, it is important that it has proper services. For a high
rise building, there are some specific services that need to be taken care of. The list of
the specific services is as follows:
 Fire Safety
 Vertical Circulation
 Parking
 Waste management
 Rainwater harvesting
 HVAC
60
A. FIRE SAFETY
Challenges
 Vertical shafts-Vertical smoke spread is exacerbated by wind and by “stack effect”.
 The egress routes (stairways and corridors)
 Fire Department Access
 Increased Density of Occupant and Fuel Load
 Complex Vertical Utility Services- smoke spread through HVAC ducts
FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION

Horizontal Spread-Via Ducts-
Fig. 63 Fire Spread Prevention

Fire Dampers- (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
These will be situated in air channels and return air conduits/entries at the accompanying
focuses:
 At the fire partition divider.
 Where conduits/sections enter the focal vertical shaft.
 Where the conduits go through floors.
 At the bay of supply air pipe and the return air pipe of every compartment on each
floor.
 The dampers will work naturally and will at the same time switch behind closed doors
taking care of fans. Manual activity offices will likewise be given
Vertical Spread - Via Lift Shafts-

 Walls of lift fenced in areas will have a fire rating of two hours. Lift shafts will have a
vent at the highest point of region at least 0.2 sq. m.
 Landing entryway in lift nooks will have imperviousness to fire of at the very least 60
minutes.
 The number of lifts in a single lift bank will not surpass four. A mass of two hours fire
rating will isolate singular shafts in a bank.
 Lift vehicle entryway will have imperviousness to fire rating of 60 minutes.
 If the lift shaft and hall is in the centre of the structure a positive pressing factor
somewhere in the range of 25 and 30 dad will be kept up in the anteroom and a
potential.
61
FIRE FIGHTING
Fire fighting is the demonstration of smothering flames. It is an exceptionally basic angle in
multi celebrated structures. Flames in elevated structures wherever can possibly be perhaps
the most moving episodes to which one can react. The potential for death toll is high. Flames
can consume for expanded timeframes before tasks can start.
Activities are influenced by a few explicit difficulties:
 Access to floor levels that are past the range of aeronautical device is for the most part
restricted to the inside flights of stairs.
 A high number of tenants might be presented to the results of burning while they are
clearing or incapable to slide past a fire on a lower floor.
 The capacity to contain and control the fire is progressively subject to the development
of the structure and the capacity of sprinkler or potentially standpipe frameworks to
convey water to the fire territory.
 Ventilation can be substantially more muddled and basic in tall structures than in
different kinds of designs.
Fig. 64 Fire Prevention (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS

The access roads/paths
should beminimum 6m
wide and should be
62
designed keeping in
mind the turning radius
of apparatus truck. FIRE
ESCAPE OR EXTERNAL
STAIRS
Provision of fire escape
staircase atdistance of
22.5m
Fig. 65 Fire Apparatus Access

B. VERTICAL CIRCULATION-LIFTS AND ESCALATORS AND STAIRCASE
Provisions of Lifts-
 Provision of the lifts will be made for all multi-celebrated structure having a stature of
15.0 m. or more.
 The lift machine room will be discrete and no other apparatus be introduced in it.
 Walls of lift fenced in areas will have a fire rating of two hours. Lift shafts will have a
vent at the highest point of territory at least 0.2 sq. m.
 Lift engine room will be found ideally on top of the shaft and: isolated from the shaft by
the floor of the room.
The primary difficulties that are to be contemplated while arranging the suitable area of
departure ways out and lifts are as under:
 Identifying the quantity of inhabitant load per floor
 Number of ways out needed according to the stature and covered region( complete and
per floor)
 Location of ways out
 Provision of one larger than average compressed lift - for safe exit of harmed individuals
and furthermore simple development of furniture on upper floors.
 A set of compressed lifts ( for crisis clearing)
Key Design Features-

 Building ht. In excess of 21 m, least 2 lift.
 One lift/90 units with max. Distance - 150'.
 Min. Limit - 6 people.
 Make one lift oversize to oblige furniture.
63
 Separate assistance lift for structures in excess of 10 stories. - Select proper sort and
speed according to the quantity of floors.
 One gathering of lifts max. 8 lift (serving up to 16 stories).
 Locate gathering of lifts available for use centre key to building.
 Not multiple lifts in a typical shaft according to NBC.
 Locate lifts in the hoist way in the assistance centre and put traveller lifts in a difficult
spot 600MM (2 ft.) from hallway line.
Subtleties Quantity-
1. For structures with 3 or less lift pauses and gross space of under 5,000 sq. m., give a solitary
lift.
2. For structures with at least 4 lift stops and the gross territory over 6000 m sq. give two lifts.
In the event that the gross space of the structure surpasses 10,000 m sq. give a gathering of
three lifts.
3. The number of lifts in a solitary gathering ought not to surpass eight and no single gathering
should serve in excess of 16 levels.
4. In structures of four to eight stories, a different help lift ought to be thought of. More than
nine stories, a help lift is basically required.
5. Upper-floor, exceptional use zones, like cafeterias, sorting rooms, move spans,
and so forth, can expand the necessary number of lifts.
Zoning of Elevators-
 For office buildings, a single elevator group can generally serve all floors in buildings up
to 15 to 20 floors depending on the building population. The taller building more than
20 floors (up to about 35 floors), are best served by two different elevator groups; one
serving the low rise and the other the higher floors.
 A typical example is separating elevator systems to serve even number floors and odd
High Rise
Apartments number floors.
 The waiting or loading area in front of a bank of elevators or between two facing groups
of elevators should be 3m or 2-2.5 times the depth of the elevator
64
Location of Elevators-
•Elevators should be located so that the building entrances with the heaviest traffic shall
have adequate elevator service. Elevators should be as near to the centre of the building
area served as practicable, taking into consideration the distance from the elevator bank
or banks to the most distant functional areas do not exceed a maximum of 45 meters.
•The lobby width between two banks of passenger elevators shall not be less than 3600
mm
-Provide 4.2 m min. service elevator lobby.

-Provide 3.6 m min. passenger elevator lobby.
Provision of Staircase-
 A staircase shall not be arranged round a lift shaft Fig. 66 Location of Elevators
-minimum width of stairs: 1.5m
-minimum width of tread 250 mm
-maximum height of riser 190mm (the number shall be limited to 15 per flight)
 For buildings 15m in height or more, access to main staircase shall be through a fire /
smoke check door of minimum 2-hr. fire resistance rating.
 An external staircase is desirable to be provided for high-rise buildings External stairs
for exit requirements W=1250 mm, T=250mm Internal stairs w=2000mm
Interventions at Site Level-
65
 Clear approach for fire tender and fire personnel.
 The approach to the building and open spaces on all its sides up to 6m width.
 If an arch or covered gate is constructed, it shall have a clear head-room of not less than
5m.
 All exits must lead to ground level in open space - door, corridor; passageway to an
internal staircase, or external staircase, or to a veranda or terrace, which have
access to the street, or to the roof of a building or a refuge area is a necessity. Lifts
and escalators shall not be considered as exits.
Interventions at Building Level-

 Provision of special lifts -(patient lift, pressurized fire lifts)
 Provision of fire fighting shafts
 Sky lobbies at intermediate levels- directly connected to each other with exit
 Pressurization of exits
 Refuge areas
Provision of Escalators-
 An Escalator is a moving staircase -a conveyor transport device for carrying people
between floors of a building.
Arrangement of escalators-
 Single unit:
The single unit is used to connect two levels. It is suitable for buildings with passenger
traffic flowing mainly in one direction. Flexible adjustment to traffic flow (e.g., up in the
morning and
 Continuous arrangement (one-way traffic):
This arrangement is used mainly in smaller department stores to link three sales levels.
It requires more space than the interrupted arrangement.
Fig. 67 Types of Elevators

(Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis
Report)
66
Fig. 68 Arrangement of escalators
PROPER INCLINATION
Tendencies of 30° and 35° are the normal

global norm for elevators.
1. 30° tendency
This tendency gives the most elevated
voyaging solace and greatest wellbeing for
the client.
2.35° tendency
The 35° lift is the most proficient arrangement as it requires less space and can be carried out
more expense viably.
C.PARKING SYSTEM
Tall structure produces high populace thickness which implies higher burden on
administrations. Giving traditional vehicle leaving techniques (according to the standards) will
prompt higher wastage of land region and will likewise prompt greater expenses. What's more,
giving sufficient measure of vehicle leaving is a need for any structure whether skyscraper or
low ascent.
Two kinds of Parking Systems:
• Conventional Parking Systems
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• Automated Parking Systems
Customary Parking System-
In a traditional leaving framework vehicles
are left physically. It requires more space
when contrasted with the computerized
stopping framework prompting more
wastage of land which is the issue of prime
concern.
•Area needed to leave a vehicle is 5m x 3m.
Fig. 69 Parking System
•Width of a separately stacked cove is 6m.
(Nidhi Saraswat’s
•Width of a doubly stacked straight is 8m.
Thesis Report)
•The turning sweep of a vehicle is 4m.
Mechanized Parking System-

A vehicle on a normal takes up to 375sqft.
space.
An Automated Car Parking System needs
just a limit of 160 sq. ft. on the off chance
that you are going vertical, so in that
equivalent 160 sq. ft. you can leave three or
four vehicles. This framework is liked at
private zones& business as well. In view of
the framework's capacity to augment space,
it makes for an ideal expansion to
metropolitan extravagance apartment suite
improvements. Expanded limit - 2 to
multiple times in a similar space.
D.WASTE MANAGEMENT
India, as one of the quickest developing

economies, has so far neglected to viably
deal with the monstrous amounts of waste
produced. Indeed, this is one in-your-face
truth; the subject of waste administration in
India is profoundly overlooked yet it is
doubtlessly the need of great importance.
only Delhi is answerable for creating more
than 8,000 metric huge loads of waste each day. Going on like this, soon more land space will
be required for garbage removal and more energy to ship it, and in those landfills, these
squanders will keep on transmitting more unsafe gases and dirty our water, air, and land.
India earnestly needs a legitimate waste administration framework, here are not many of the
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significant reasons:
Control Pollution – To control assorted kinds of contamination, i.e., water contamination,
air contamination, and soil contamination.
Moderate Natural Resources – Waste removal is fundamental for the preservation of all
our ecological assets, for example woods, minerals water and so forth
Control Spread of Diseases – To control the quick spread of irresistible infirmities.
Reuse For Further Use – Recycle perilous squanders for more creation.
The Construction Industry Is Responsible for 40 per penny Of Worldwide Energy Usage
Garbage Disposal, Conserve Natural Resources, Recycle Waste, Reuse Waste, Construction,
Construction and Demolition Waste, Composting
Reusing development materials created at building locales are getting progressively significant
for the designers and the climate. Indeed, the ecological advantages of reusing can be critical.
What Can Be Recycled At Construction Sites
There are numerous development materials which can be reused constantly; we should
investigate the absolute most basic ones:
Wood and Lumber – By re-processing old wood and timber new floors, framing, entryways,
and windows can be made.
Dry Wall – Drywall scraps can be utilized for divider patches, they can likewise be stirred up
with soil as a supplement rich food hotspot for plants.
Metals – Common metals like copper, aluminium, and steel can be liquefied down and
transformed into new metal items.
Cement and Masonry – These are exceptionally simple to reuse, they can be squashed and
reused in asphalt for streets and carports.
Dirt Brick – Bricks can be reused a lot in the development of dividers, clearing, building and
foundation like scaffolds and sewers as these have a life expectancy of over 200 years.
Glass – Glass can be reused for a few employments.
Peruse the ecological advantages of reusing development materials.
1. Garbage Disposal- 5 Eco-accommodating Ways
69
2. Reuse-
Reusing the waste is straightforwardly connected to lesser age of waste. On the off chance that
less waste is created, the way toward arranging it turns into much simpler. Think about reusing
a lot thing like, wood, metals and glass in your development.
3. Taking Special Care Of Hazardous Waste-
Extraordinary compared to other approach to dispose of that all the perilous waste is to just
drop it at the risky garbage removal destinations. Unsafe waste ought to never be combined
with or tossed as one with general waste. A few instances of unsafe waste are paint jars, bulbs,
tires and so forth
4. Employ Waste to Generate Energy-
Even subsequent to reusing and reusing, some waste actually stays, rather than essentially
covering it into the ground use it to create energy. Anaerobic assimilation plants work really
hard here, they deal with whatever decays down and transforms it into biogas and manure for
ranches. Sweden has been working effectively in creating energy from squander, they convert
100% of their trash into clean energy, indeed they likewise import squander from different
nations for energy creation.
5. Composting-
This one has been acquiring a great deal of consideration in like manner families, squanders
produced in kitchen as vegetable strips or clippings from the yard are by and large successfully
put to use by permitting them to disintegrate in a manure heap. These heaps can be effortlessly
underlying little spaces. Various strategies for treating the soil are being utilized in practically
zero space, worm treating the soil and bookish pails are not many models. This fertilizer heap
prompts the arrangement of manure which is very useful for the dirt, essentially, it makes it
riper.
How Might Construction Industry Protect The Environment?
Construction and Demolition Waste, Composting
Last Thoughts
While there are numerous techniques for garbage removal, it is consistently a decent practice
to follow eco-accommodating strategies as they cause less harm to nature. The different
70
techniques recorded above will definitely help in planning an eco-accommodating garbage
removal plan. Yet, once more, all beneficial things start at home, so begin isolating, reusing a
lot, however much you can.
What Is Rain Water Harvesting?
It is a method or technique for the assortment of water and putting away it in the correct
manner for some time later. The water can be gathered from different surfaces and stages and
put away for some time in the future. As a rule, the water is generally gathered from housetops
and other hard surfaces. Water gathering is considered as an entirely dependable approach to
moderate water.
This procedure has been around for seemingly forever, rehearsed in the old occasions. Absurd
years, this antiquated technique for water stockpiling has become very mainstream. It assumes
an essential part in lessening the utilization of consumable water and increment dependability
on water.
Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting
In both metropolitan and rustic setting, reaping should be possible by the utilization of
foundation. Perhaps the least difficult methods of putting away water from the assortment is
capacity tanks. As a rule, the collected water is generally diverted to capacity tanks, storage or
supplies. The water is normally put away for some time in the future. The top of structures is
the most ideal approach to collect water. There are various benefits in doing as such.
1. Easy to Maintain-
The utilization of water reaping framework gives ideal benefits to any local area. As a matter of
first importance, the assortment offers a superior and effective use of energy asset. It is
significant in light of the fact that consumable water is generally not sustainable, in this manner
diminishing wastage. The frameworks utilized for water assortment depends on straightforward
procedures that are not difficult to keep up. The general costs utilized in setting up reaping
techniques are a lot less expensive contrasted with other cleaning or siphoning implies.
Likewise, its upkeep is achievable on the financial front as it doesn't need abundant resources.
2. Reducing Water Bills-
Water that has been put away from collecting water can be utilized for a few non-drinking
purposes. It will quickly lessen one's service bills. It is ideal for both private and business
properties.
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3. Suitable for Irrigation-
Gathering permits the assortment of a lot of water. Most roofs give the important stage to
gathering water. Water is generally liberated from hurtful synthetic compounds, which makes it
ideal for water system purposes.
4. Reduce interest on Ground Water-
Another significant benefit is that it decreases interest for consumable water. It is significant
particularly in zones with low water levels.
Procedures of Rainwater Harvesting
The assortment of water should be possible in different techniques relying upon a couple of
variables. A couple of regular strategies incorporate the accompanying:
1. Rain barrels-
It is the most effortless and reasonable technique for water collecting, particularly at home. It is
the place where barrels or water tanks introduced underneath the downspouts of the
housetops guttering framework. The water is then piped/coordinated into the tanks. The tank
can be associated with give reinforcement water to your flow plumbing framework, or it tends
to be connected to a line for trickle water system. The utilization of barrels or tanks is ideal
since it can store critical measures of water.
2. Dry System -
It is like the barrel's framework, yet with the dry framework, a bigger stockpiling holder is
utilized. The holder is generally a couple of meters from the property. The drain is overhauled
so that water is redirected to the enormous stockpiling tank. It is a speedy and modest
technique to execute however huge prizes have.
3. Wet System-
It is a method that is totally not the same as the dry framework. Here, the assortment lines will
consistently have water in them. It is on the grounds that they will be arranged underground. In
the wet framework, numerous assortment pipes are associated with the downspouts of a
structure and redirected into a capacity tank, which is likewise underground. The lines should
be secure and all around kept up to guarantee there is no spillage into the dirt.
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4. Green Roof-
This technique for reaping needn't bother with the utilization of capacity tanks. Rather than
putting away the water in a repository, the water is diverted directly to the nursery. The
interaction will require introducing a seepage framework on a structure's rooftop directly to the
lawn. It is an extremely low upkeep strategy.
These are not many of the standard water collecting techniques, which are fundamentally done
in numerous families.
How Rainwater Harvesting Solves Water Shortage?
Gathering and assortment of water is an appropriate way that can be utilized to address the
issue of the water emergency in different pieces of the world. This basic water protection
technique can be utilized to advance a momentous arrangement in regions where there is
sufficient precipitation however insufficient stockpile of groundwater.
Bangalore is a magnificent model where water reaping can turn out to be exceptionally useful.
Bangalore is a region with a high populace and a territory that additionally needs to manage
water deficiencies. In view of these, rehearsing water preservation strategies, for example,
water reaping is an ideal method to guarantee expanded stock of water.
At the point when developers and modellers are planning another home or building, it is
significant that they consider carrying out water collecting techniques. It will actually want to
lessen unwavering quality on other characteristic resources.
73
CHAPTER 3:
LITERATURE CASE STUDY
3.1. KOHINOOR SQUARE, MUMBAI

3.1.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE BUILDING
 ARCHITECT : SSA Architects and GKK Works
 CLIENT / SPONSER : Kohinoor Group
 LOCATION : Shivaji Park, MUMBAI , INDIA
 CLIMATE: Tropical Wet and Dry / Temperate
 SITE AREA: 255,000 SQ.M
 PROGRAM: Mixed Use
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEER : Larson, Toubro and Siemens Fig. 70 Kohinoor Square
 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: Skyscraper
 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM : Reinforced concrete and steel, all glass façade (Slide Share)
 FLOOR COUNT : 52+ Ground floors (5 mechanical floors) main building; 35 floors (4
mechanical floors) residence buildings
 HEIGHT : 203 metres (666ft) Main buildings, 142 metres (466ft) Residence Building
 PARKING : 3500
 RESIDENTIAL UNITS : 132
Kohinoor Square is a 52-story 203-meter (666 ft.), and the private high rise is around 35 stories
142 meters (466 ft.). Semi-twin, blended use high rise situated in the core of Mumbai. The
Gathering for Tall Structures and Metropolitan Living spaces (CTBUH) has confirmed Kohinoor
Square to be the tallest business tower in India. It is one of the first high rises in Quite a while
intended to accomplish a LEED (Initiative in Energy and Ecological Plan) gold rating for natural
supportability. The Kohinoor Square complex involves a principle tower and a private pinnacle.
3.1.2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

 To study arranging and plan of Mixed-utilize High ascent building.
 To comprehend the spaces required and isolation of various spaces inside a structure.
 To comprehend the working and drafting of the spaces of a blended utilize complex.
 Service centre plan and availability.
3.1.3. SITE AND LOCATION

Kohinoor square is a 52-story 203-meter (666 ft.) semi-twin, blended use high rise situated on
the land recently possessed by Kohinoor Plants in Shivaji Park, Mumbai, India. It is arranged at
74
the intersection of LJ Street and Gokhale Street. The site is situated at Dadar, a suburb of
Mumbai.
SITE SURROUNDINGS - The site is in business centre point encompassed by different very
good quality public and global workplaces and lavish lofts. It is tallest construction in area. The
renowned Shivaji Park is at 5minswalk from the site.
CLIMATE OF MUMBAI - Mumbai's environment can be best portrayed as reasonably hot

with significant degree of stickiness. Its waterfront nature and tropical area guarantees
Temperatures will not vary much consistently. The site is bounded on the 4 sides up in the
immediate vicinity by the following:
East: The eastern fringe of the site is bounded by the

Island and Mainland.
West: The west side of the building is surrounded by the

magnificent Arabian Sea.
North: From its north we have the view of Bandera.
South: Its South gives us the view of the South Mumbai of
the whole City line.
Fig. 71 Kohinoor Square Location (Slide Share)

3.1.4 SITE
Fig. 72 Kohinoor Site Plan (Slide Share)
75
Fig. 73 Climatic Factors (Slide Share)
Fig. 74 Zooning (Slide Share)
76
3.1.5. CONCEPT OF THE BUILDING
The idea for this structure, called, The Jewel,
was the triumphant plan chosen to push ahead
into plan improvement. The wellspring of
motivation for the plan idea is the importance
of the name Kohinoor: pile of light. Kohinoor is
additionally the name of the biggest jewel on
the planet. The precious stone is a definitive
gemstone; it is the hardest substance found in
nature, yet the most straightforward, with a
long history in India. The pinnacle's plan
destinations challenge the commonplace glass
place of business by the theoretical example
made by precious stone calculation and
triangulation. The three-sided shapes are
layered onto the structure's mass and façades,
through plainly characterized planes and
contrary energies: void and strong, murkiness and Fig.75 Concept of the Building
straightforwardness. The result is a structure plan that has (Slide Share)
emblematic significance as well as makes an exceptional
and incredible presence deserving of the Kohinoor name.
The glass surfaces of the pinnacle are a preoccupied example propelled by the calculation and
triangulation of a jewel. A pledge to natural cognizance is shown with economical highlights
including; water collecting, dark water and dim water treatment, bio dividers in vegetated
indoor sky gardens, twofold façade blind dividers and more to meet Gold affirmation.
3.1.6. DISTRIBUION OF CATEGORIES
Fig. 76 Distribution of Categories (Slide Share)
77
The primary high rise is around 52 stories 203 meters (666 ft.), and the private high rise is
around 35 stories 142 meters (466 ft.).
•The initial five stories of the principle building will be utilized for a top of the line shopping
centre, and the leftover 47 stories of the fundamental structure will be used for a five-star inn
and business workplaces.
•The initial 15 stories of the private structure will be utilized as a parking structure for both the
structures, and the leftover 20 stories will be homes.
•It will have 40 lifts and 12 lift in the primary structure and 8 lifts in the Home Structure given
by Otis
•The entire complex houses a space of 2,750,000 sq. ft. (255,000 m2), with the principle
building lodging an all-out floor space of 2,120,000 sq. ft. (197,000 m2), with a normal space of
40,000 sq. ft. (3,700 m2) per floor plate and has a normal stature of 3.9 meters (12 ft.) per floor.
•The entire complex can oblige in excess of 2000 vehicles in the Vehicle Parks situated in the
first to fifteenth floors of Home Structure with the Creative innovation like productive carports,
wise traffic the executive’s framework and customized admittance controls.
• The principle building houses open anteroom and twofold stature finished Sky Nurseries and
a twofold tallness patios with floor to roof coating on each substitute floor to go about as
peaceful and invigorating breakout zones.
Fig. 77 Vertical Zoning (Slide Share)
78
3.1.7. RETAIL LAYOUT PLAN
Fig. 78 1st, 2nd, 3rd Floor Plans

(Slide Share)
79
Fig. 79 6th, 7th Floor Plans
(Slide Share)
80
3.1.7.2. OFFICE LAYOUT PLAN
Fig. 80 Service Core (Slide

Share)
81
3.1.7.3. FLOOR PLAN
Fig. 81 4th – 10th Floor Plan (Slide Share) Fig. 82 5th Floor Plan (Slide Share)
Fig. 83 11th Floor Plan (Slide Share) Fig. 84 12th – 13th Floor Plan (Slide Share)
Fig. 85 14th – 15th Floor Plan (Slide Share) Fig. 86 16th Floor Plan (Slide Share)
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Fig. 87 17th Floor Plan (Slide Share) Fig. 88 18th Floor Plan (Slide Share)
Fig. 89 19th – 23th Floor Plan (Slide Share) Fig. 90 20th & 24th Floor Plan (Slide Share)
Fig. 91 21th & 25th Floor Plan (Slide Share) Fig. 92 22th & 26th Floor Plan (Slide Share)
83
•The central core is encircled by the
workplace spaces.
•There are discrete office spaces from sixth

to fourteenth floor with latrines to every
office and basic latrines likewise gave on
every one of these floor.
•Refuge floors are given.
•According to the structure security

guidelines of BMC, a shelter region at each
seventh tenable floor ought to be built for Fig. 92 27th – 39th Floor Plan (Slide Share)
the underlying 24m of an elevated structure. The shelter region should be built at the floor
level, inside the structure line. For structures in excess of 30 m tall, the principal shelter region
should be given at the top tenable floor or at 24 m, whichever is higher.
3.1.7.4 RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT PLAN

Central core consists of:
• 3 Lobbies of 6 Lifts serving levels 25th to 39th, spaces between the lifts where a lift
lobby is not provided are used as toilets with dust at either side: 2 lifts from this pack
of 6 are assessable to lower floors as well.
• 1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels
1st to 24th,there is a lift bank at
24th floor.
• 2 services lift travelling throughout the building.
• 2 Stair cases are also placed in the core.
• Residential Tower 132 units from 14th to 26th floor
• 13 Stories of Parking below PARKING-3500
• Central core serves 3 lifts , 1 services lifts and 2 stairs are also placed in the core .
Fig. 93 Residential Layouts (Slide Share)

84
The design of the building makes it environmentally friendly, using technologies such as
floor-to- ceiling insulated glazing to contain heat and maximize natural light, and an
automatic daylight dimming system. The tower also features a greywater system,
which captures rainwater for reuse. Kohinoor group pvt ltd. states that the building is
made largely of recycled and recyclable materials. Air entering the building is filtered,
as is common, but the air exhausted is cleaned as well. The Kohinoor square building is
one of the first skyscrapers building in India to achieve a leadership in energy and
environmental design platinum rating for environmental sustainability a gold (LEED)
certification from green building council. Construction of the Kohinoor square started
in early 2009, with a completion date of March 2013.
Fig. 94 Sustainability Factors Fig. 95 Section (Slide

(Slide Share) Share)
3.1.8 STRUCTURE
Comprises a concrete core and concrete slab and spandrel beams.
• The façade consists of faceted unitized aluminium curtain walls with provisions for
highperformance double glass façades on the tower.
• The towers are linked by a podium with a façade of custom point-supported glazing on
specialtysteel trusses.
• All the Glasses are articulated glasses & can sustain design wind pressure of 4.5 to 5.0 kpa.
• Diamond edges of the building having aluminium flashing with LED lighting are
the uniquefeature and make it complicated façade design.
• The Façade Consists of Façade LED Lighting in the spandrel panel which gives a dynamic
look.
3.1.8.1 STRUCTURE SYSTEM forms a rigid frame that amounts to a

dense and strong structural wall along the
The structure comprises a concrete core and post exterior of the building.
tensioned concrete slab and spandrel beams.
The average center to center distance between
columns is 9.5m. The column is of 1.8x1.8m.
The tube system concept is based on the idea
that a building can be designed to resist lateral
loads. This assembly of columns and beams
85
Fig. 96 Structure System (Slide Share)
3.1.8.2 FOUNDATION
The combined pile raft foundation system is used.
It is a geotechnical composite construction that
combines the bearing effect of both foundation
elements raft and piles.
The pile raft foundation system has recently been
widely used for many structures, especially in high-
rise buildings
Fig.97 Foundation
(Slide Share)
3.1.9.1 MECHANICAL FLOORS
Mechanical floor is a floor in a high rise

building that provides space building
systems. An extremely tall building may
have multiple mechanical floors to
accommodate all its needs. These floors
are usually accessible via regular
elevators and stairwells. The number of
mechanical floors is calculated by the
total number of floors divided by 20 =
s/20
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3.1.9.2 FEATURES
1) The façade consists of faceted unitized aluminium curtain walls with provisions for high
performance double glass facades on the tower.
2) Diamond edges of the building having aluminium flashing with LED lighting are the unique
feature and make it complicated façade design.
3) The building design makes it environmentally friendly, using technologies such as floor to
ceiling insulated glazing to contain heat and maximize natural light and an automatic
daylight dimming system.
4) 15 double height landscaped sky Gardens and more than a dozen double height terraces, to
act as tranquil and refreshing breakout zones.
5) Low flow faucets, dual flush toilets, grey water systems and storm water & rainwater
management systems – all are a part of commitment to environment.
Fig.98 Amenities Vertical Section
87
3.1.10 INFERENCES
POSITIVE:
1) Separate service block provided to house the services.
2) Services floors provided as per codes for services.
3) Separate parking for residential and offices.
4) Sky gardens green roofs and terraces provided for greenery, ventilation.
5) Refuge areas provided on a gap of 5 floors for fire safety.
6) Flexible office space.
7) Separate Residential block.
8) Proper grid system followed (9.5 x 9.5m).
NEGATIVE:
1) Fire safety staircase and lifts have access from only one side of the corridor.
2) Refuge areas provided on a gap of 5 floors for fire safety.
3) Expansive areas for residential apartments.
4) Numerous entries and exits
5) No proper landscaping on ground.
6) The building has covered almost entire site leaving no space for green area
88
89
3. 2 SUPERTECH SUPERNOVA, NOIDA
3.2.1 ABOUT THE SITE-
Supernova Spira is a super tall mixed use skyscraper under construction in Noida, India. A new
mixed use development where people will live, play and work in a unique environment created
by world renowned London based architect, Benoy.
 DEVELOPERS – SUPERTECH
 ARCHITECTS – DESIGN-BENOY
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEER – BUROHAPPOLD ENGINEERING
 MAIN CONTRACTOR – ARABIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
 HEIGHT – ARCHITECTURAL 300.00 METRES / 984.25 FEET
 FLOORS ABOVE GROUND – 80
 BUILDING FUNCTION – RETAIL/OFFICES/HOTEL/RESIDENTIA L
 STRUCTURAL MATERIAL – CONCRETE
 PROGRAM – MIXED USE
 SITE AREA – 17.5 ACRES
 TOTAL NO OF ENTRY AND EXITS – 5
 TOTAL NO OF TOWERS – 5
 TOTAL NO OF FIRE ESCAPES – 2 IN EACH – 10
 TOTAL NUMBER OF MLCP ENTRY – 4
 TOTAL FOOTFALL ANTICIPATED – 30,000 FOR MALL
 NUMBER OF LIFTS – 6 PER BUILDING
 1 FIRE LIFT IN EACH CASE .
 GRID SIZE – 10.6 X 8.4 M MOSTLY
 COLUMN SIZE – 500MM X 750MM Fig. 99 Super Nova Key Plan
 RAMP SLOPE – 1:8
(Slide Share)
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Fig. 100 Super Nova Site Plan (Slide Share)
Figure 85 SITE PLAN
OFFICE
TOWER
LANDSCAPED
PODIUM
HOTEL NOVA
TOWER EAST
ICONIC
TOWER
NOVA
WEST
90
MALL ENTRY MULTILEVEL SEGREGATED
CAR PARKING SERVICE CORES DESIGNATED
FOR RETAIL CUSTOMER
LIFTS
SEPARATE
OFFICE ENTRY
Figure 86 DETAIL OVERALL GROUND FLOOR
SEPARATE
RETAIL ENTRY
FOR
RESIDENCES
AND OFFICES
SEPARATE
30M WIDE ACCESS FOR
MAIN ROAD HOTELS SEPARATE
RESIDENTIAL
7.25 M WIDE
ENTRIES
ROAD ON ALL 4
SIDES Fig. 101 Detailed Over All Ground Floor (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
91
Fig 102 Total Landscape Areas (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
Fig 103 Entry & Exits (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
92
Fig 104 Total Built-up Area (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
Fig 105 Various Blocks (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
93
HYPERMARKET
RETAIL ENTRY /
EXIT RAMPS
RETAIL CAR
PARKING
Figure 4.1.1.g BASEMENT 1
Fig 106 Basement 1 (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)

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CAR PARK SPACE MAINLY FOR OFFICE ENTRY AND RESIDENTIAL ENTRY
RESIDENTIAL AAND OFFICES EXIT RAMPS AND EXIT RAMPS
Fig.107 Basement 2 (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)

APARTMENT ENTRY
RAMP
RETAIL ENTRY RAMPS HOTEL ENTRY RAMPS
Fig.108 Basement 3 (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)
96
3.2.2 NOVA RESIDENCES
 GRID SIZE – 10.6 X 8.4 M
 FLOOR PLAN OF RESIDENCE TYPE 1 – SHEER WALLS OF THICKNESS 1M.
 NUMBER OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS – 140 2BHK, 140 3BHK, 11 PENTHOUSES, 9 DUPLEX,2
SIMPLEX.
 NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS – 6.5 LAC IN ONE TOWER.
 THERFORE AROUND 12-13 LAC IN TWO TOWERS.
 NUMBER OF LIFTS – 1 FIRELIFT, 5 NORMAL LIFTS.
 CAPACITY – 19 PERSONS
 SPEED – 4M/S
 WEIGHT – 1300 KG.
Fig 109 Typical Service Floor – 38th Floor (Slide Share)
96
2 BHK 2 BHK 3 BHK
3 BHK
2 BHK 2 BHK 3 BHK

3 BHK
Fig 110 Typical Residence Floor (Slide Share)
Fig 111 Unit Plan of Residence type 1 (Slide Share)
Fig 112 Unit Plan of Residence type 2 (Slide Share)
97
Fig 113 Elevation (Slide Share)
98
Fig 114 Section
(Slide Share)
99
Fig 115 Vertical Zoning
101
Fig 116 Residence and Office Vertical Zoning
101
3.3 MARINA BAY SAND RESORT
SAFDIE ARCHITECTS
LOCATION – SINGAPORE
MIXED USE
Fig 117 Marina Bay Sand Resort (Arch Daily)
Fig 118 Marina Bay Sand Resort Site Plan (Arch Daily)
102
Marina Bay Sands, located on the Marina Bay waterfront, is a 40-acre mixed-use integrated resort. The complex
is organized around principal axes that extend into the surrounding urban fabric. Both the north–south
promenade and the grand arcade traverse the entire project and are crossed by two east–west spines (view
corridors), which connect the planned Gardens by the Bay, the local metro station, Bay front Avenue and the
waterfront.
Fig 119 Marina Bay Sand Resort Section

(Arch Daily)
Fig 120 Marina Bay Sand Resort Upper

Floor Restaurants (Arch Daily)
103
The building design is inspired by a house of cards; two playing cards are leaned against each other to form a
triangle and a flat of one’s hand is placed which exerts a little pressure, leading to bending the card inwards, not
much, but just enough to produce some irregular and highly expressive curves.
This whole concept is developed in transforming into three 57-storey towers as hotels, 191-metre towers and
340-metre-long rooftop terrace.
Fig 121 Upper Levels Detailed Sections (Arch Daily)
104
Marina Bay Sands combines more than 120,000 square meters (nearly 1.3 million square feet) of world-class convention
and exhibition facilities; three 56-storey hotel towers containing more than 2,600 rooms in total; a 1-hectare (2.5-acre) sky
park capping the towers, which offers 360-degree views of the city and sea and outdoor amenities for the hotel including
swimming pools, restaurants and gardens; the iconic Sands Museum on the promontory; two state-of-the-art theatres
with 4,000 seats; a casino; a wide array of shopping and dining outlets; and an outdoor event plaza along the promenade
that can accommodate up to 10,000 people.
Fig 122 Marina Bay Sand Resort Sectional Elevation (Arch Daily)
105
Fig 123 Marina Bay Sand Resort Museum Section (Arch Daily)
Fig 124 Marina Bay Sand Resort Structural Details (Arch Daily)
106
3.4. RAFFLES CITY CHONGQING
SAFDIE ARCHITECTS
LOCATION-SINGAPORE
MIXED USE
Fig 125 Raffles City Chongqing (Arch Daily)
Fig 126 Raffles City Chongqing Zoning (Arch Daily)
108
Fig 127 Raffles City Chongqing Conceptual Section (Arch Daily)
Fig 128 Raffles City Chongqing Zoning Upper Floor Restaurant (Arch Daily)
108
Fig 129 Raffles City Chongqing Zoning Upper Floor Restaurant Section (Arch Daily)
109
3.5. LEEZA SOHO
ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS
LOCATION – BEIJING, CHINA
MIXED USE – OFFICE
CUM RETAIL
Fig 130 Leeza Soho

(Arch Daily)
Fig 131 Leeza Soho Ground Floor Plan

(Arch Daily)
Fig 132 Leeza Soho Site Plan (Arch

Daily)
110
Fig 133 Leeza Soho F15 Typical Office Layout (Arch Daily)
Fig 134 Leeza Soho 5th, 20th & 40th Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
113
Fig 135 Leeza Soho Double Decker Elevator System (Arch Daily)
Fig 136 Leeza Soho General Section (Arch Daily)

113
Fig 137 Leeza Soho High/Low Elevator System (Arch Daily)
Fig 138 Leeza Soho Section AA (Arch Daily)

113
Fig 139 Leeza Soho Section BB (Arch Daily)
Fig 140 Leeza Soho Section South-east Elevation (Arch Daily)
114
Fig 141 Leeza Soho Section North-east Elevation (Arch Daily)
Fig 142 Leeza Soho Structure –Truss & Bridges (Arch Daily)
114
Fig 143 Leeza Soho Structure – Cores (Arch Daily)
Fig 144 Leeza Soho Structure – Beams (Arch Daily)

114
Fig 145 Leeza Soho Structure – Columns (Arch Daily)
Fig 146 Leeza Soho Structure – All Elements (Arch Daily)
114
Fig 147 Leeza Soho Structure – Floor Slabs (Arch Daily)
Fig 148 Leeza Soho FS3 Elevation, Plan & Section (Arch Daily)
114
Fig 149 Leeza Soho Detail Section P (Arch Daily)
Fig 150 Leeza Soho Detail Section & Plan (Arch Daily)
119
Fig 151 Leeza Soho Detail Section Q (Arch Daily)
Fig 152 Leeza Soho Detail Section R (Arch Daily)
119
3.6. GENERALI TOWERS
ZAHA HADID
LOCATION – MILAN, ITALY
OFFICE CUM SHOPPINGCOMPLE
Fig 153 Generali

Towers (Arch Daily)
Fig 154 Generali Towers

Site Plan (Arch Daily)
121
Fig 155 Generali Towers Lower Ground Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
Fig 156 Generali Towers Ground Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
122
Fig 157 Generali Towers Level P05 (Arch Daily)
Fig 158 Generali Towers Level P22 (Arch Daily)
123
Fig 159 Generali Towers Rotation around Core (Arch Daily)
Fig 160 Generali Towers Rotation Angles (Arch Daily)
124
Fig 161 Generali Towers Rotation of Floor Plates (Arch Daily)
124
Fig 162 Generali Towers Section AA’ (Arch Daily) Fig 163 Generali Towers East Elevation (Arch Daily)
Fig 164 Generali Towers Elevator Configuration (Arch Daily)
124
Fig 165 Generali Towers Section BB’ (Arch Daily)
Fig 166 Generali Towers Section CC’ (Arch Daily)
127
Fig 167 Generali Towers Apartment Entrance (Arch Daily)
127
3.7. FUTURE TOWERS
MVRDV
LOCATION – PUNE
RESIDENCIAL
Fig 168 Future Towers MVRDV (Arch Daily)
Fig 169 Future Towers MVRDV Floor Plans (Arch Daily)
129
3.8. BELAROIA RESIDENCIAL BUILDING
MANUELLE GAUTRAND ARCHITECTS
LOCATION – MONTPELLIER, FRANCE
RESIDENCIAL
Fig 170 Belaroia Residential Building (Arch Daily)
Fig 171 Belaroia Residential Building Ground Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
129
Fig 172 Belaroia Residential Building Typical Floor Plan A (Arch
Daily)
Fig 173 Belaroia Residential Building Typical Floor Plan B (Arch

Daily)
129
Fig 174 Belaroia Residential Building Structural Detail (Arch Daily)
129
CHAPTER 4:
SITE ANALYSIS
133
134
135
CHAPTER 5: DETAILED DESIGN DRAWINGS
136
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Thesis Report - Soumil

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MIXED-USE HIGH RISE DEVELOPMENT

School of Architecture & Design

AR. JAI SHEJWALKAR AR. SONAL SINGH

External Examiner Internal Examiner

Dated- PROF. REBECCA JADON

CHAPTER-2: DATA COLLECTION----------------------------------------21-73

CHAPTER-3: LITERATURE CASE STUDY----------------------------74-132

Chapter-5: Detail Design Drawings------------------------------136-182

Keywords: Mixed-use, multi-functional, structure, mid-rise.

1.2. INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT-

These advantages include:

 Greater lodging assortment and thickness

 Reduced distances between lodging, work environments, retail organizations, and

 More minimized turn of events

 Stronger area character

 Pedestrian and bike agreeable conditions

Vertical Mixed-Use Development –

Horizontal Mixed-Use Development-

1.3. WHY THERE IS A NEED OF MIXED USE?

 Minimize land use, energy use, and fossil fuel byproduct.

 Promotes natural supportability.

 Reducing traffic and contamination by permitting inhabitants to utilize their vehicles

1.4. AIM AND OBJECTIVE-

1.6. ATTRIBUTES AND DESIGN CHALLENGES-

1.8. JUSTIFICATION OF TOPIC SELECTION-

CORPORATE OFFICES - MEETING ROOMS, WORKSPACE, SERVICE CORE, CONFERENCE

HOTELS – VARIOUS ROOMS, DIFFERENTABLED ROOMS, RESTAURANTS, CAFÉ, SERVICE CORE,

SHOPPING COMPLEX – RETAIL SHOPS, FOOD COURT, CAFE

1.10. TARGET USERS-

SITE SELECTION DATA COLLECTION

TO SET AIM, OBJECTIVES,

LEARNING AND DESIGNING

SITE ANALYSIS, ACCESSIBILITY AND

COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS

FRAMING REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATION

2.1. WHAT IS MIXED-USE BUILDING?

Fig. 1. Vertical Zooning

2.2. TYPES OF MIXED USE ZONING

2.4. ZONING FOR MOVEMENT

Fig. 2. Movement Zoning (Nidhi Saraswat’s Thesis Report)

2.5. COMMERCIAL AREA RETAIL

2.5.1. GENERAL DESIGN AND PLANNING GUIDELINES

• Shelf sizes: As determined by real estate values , and merchandising, structural,

Fig.3 Rack Heights

Fig. 4. Counter Height

Fig. 6 Other Counter Height (Neuferd 4th Edition)

 Prime high roads: serving sizeable catchment populaces.

Fig. 7. Cake Shelve

Fig. 8. Hypermarkets (Neuferd 4th Edition)

Fig. 9 Open Sale (Neuferd 4th Edition) Fig. 10 Close Sale

Fig. 11 Shops With Counters

2.5.9. SHOPPING ARCADE

Fig. 12 Shopping Center/Mall

Fig. 13 Shop Arcade

2.5.11. WIDTH OF EMERGENCY

Fig. 14 Width of emergency Stair Ways

Fig. 17 Entrance Type

2.5.13. SHOP WINDOW DISPLAY AREA

Fig. 18 Shop Windows Display Area (Neuferd 4th Edition)

2.5.14. WAITING ZONE, SELF SERVICE AREA

Fig. 19 Waiting Zone Placement (Neuferd 4th

2.5.16. CIRCULATION IN THE STORES

Fig. 21 Circulation In The Stores