@EWM_EH ^Z^M_BE@

O@MA 57 IMNZ@ >

‐WJHDJLECEH WJHREAB^ LBLB NEH IZ@Z^’

Aj`mipma 5

^utmr ; nrl. Iurhbwetb, IWWI

 Ajtue ; Vehbe Rmcehnjvb

  Tjarjterbs ijke ; Cefbfec Cehui

Tujhne Tjarjterbs pepeh ; Iuceiien

^eufba Ehllmte ;

  Eonb``ec Wutre Frbyeteie Feuzbec Acebruhhbse

  _jlbhe Tceqb`e Fjhnrb Cb`ne [jfhb

  Uujjhte Tyehbe Lustb I. _efba Jae Wutre

  Tceurbhe Wutrb ^ry Enbtye Tjptbeh

FEAZ@^ET AJNMA^J_EH LBLB

ZHBVJ_TB^ET EHNE@ET

?7?7
 IMNZ@ BV

WJHDJLECEH WJHREAB^ LBLB NEH IZ@Z^

TAJHE_BM >

NIF^……

Nete _bsajsnes ijhuhkuaaeh ojojrepe bhnjas yehl ijhdjribhaeh leioereh pjhyeabt nb

Bhnmhjsbe nbehterehye NIF-^, Dmiiuhbty Wjrbmnmhte` Bhnjsx yehl tjrnbrb nerb
O`jjnbhl Lbhlbve Bhnjx neh Wmdajt Wjrbmnmhte` Bhnjx neh bhnbdetmr `ebhhye. Nerb ojsereh
iese`ec bhb cerus nb`eauaeh tbhnea `ehkut uhtua ijhuruhaeh pjhyeabt njhleh ij`eauaeh
ehe`bsbs fedtmr rjsbam neh ijrehdehl prmlrei pjhdjleceh pjhyebt lblb neh iu`ut.
^J_IBHM@MLB

- Dmiiuhbty pjrbmnmhte` bhnjx (DWB) ; Bhnjas rjsib yehl nbluheaeh m`jc \CM
uhtua ijhluaur amhnbsb kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte` sjrte pjrabreeh eaeh ajoutuceh
pjrewetehhye njhleh ijhlluheaeh smhnj acusus.
- O`jjnbhl lbhlbve bhnjx ; Njreket uhtua ijhluaur pjhnereceh pene lbhlbve. Ene >
sbsb lblb lj`blb yehl nb pjrbase yebtu ; pepb``e nbstmvjstbou`er, tjpb lbhlbve vjstbou`er,
pepb``e ijsbmvjstbou`er, neh tjpb lbhlbve mre`.

_ZIZTEH IETE@EC

5. Oelebiehe rbweyet pjrke`eheh pjhyeabt =

?. Epe seke fedtmr pjhyjoeo pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut =
4. Oelebiehe dere pjhdjleceh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut =
>. Epe tukueh nbeneaeh prmlrei pjhdjleceh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut =
:. Epe seke iehfeet tbhneaeh pjhdjleceh neh epe eaboethye kbae tbnea nb`eauaeh =
6. Oelebiehe dere ij`eauaeh ehe`bsbs fedtmr rjsbam =
<. Epe ajluheeh bnjhtbfbaesb fedtmr rjsbam =
3. Epe seke bhnjx yehl nbluheaeh ne`ei ijhlleioeraeh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut =
2. Epe aj`jobceh neh ajaurehleh bhnjas NIF-^ =
57. Epe ajuhtuhleh neh ceioeteh nerb DWB =

EHE@BTE IETE@EC

5. _bweyet pjrke`eheh pjhyeabt

 Wrjpetcmljhjsbs ; cmst iesbc hmrie`, tjtepb sunec ene bhtjreasb ehtere cmst eljht
tjtepb iesbc nb`uer cmst epeob`e tjrkenb ajtbnea sjbioehleh, cmst ijhkenbrjhteh
neh eljh iesua ajne`ei cmst
 Wetcmljhjsbs ; tecep iesuahye eljh seipeb ijhbiou`aeh pjhyeabt
 Wesdepetcmljhjsbs ; ene yehl sjiouc sjipurhe, ene yehl sjiouc tepb dedet neh
ene kule aerbjr 

?. Fedtmr pjhyjoeo pjhyeabt

 Fedtmr rjsbam ; fedtmr yehl sjdere `ehlsuhl ijhyjoeoaeh
pjhyeabt.
Tjpjrtb ; lblb, ibarmmrlehbsij(oeatjrb), weatu neh
`bhlauhleh
  Fedtmr imnbfbaesb ; fedtmr yehl sjdere tbnea `ehlsuhl ijhjyoeoaeh
pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut, heiuh ojrpjhleruc tjrcenep
pjrajioehleh aerbjs. Tjpjrtb ; uiur, ajturuheh, kjhbs aj`eibh, fedtmr smdbe`,
jamhmib, ljmfrefbs.

4. Dere pjhdjleceh lblb neh iu`ut


Wjhdjleceh prbijr ; uhtua ijhdjlec suetu pjhyeabt, iesbc pene
tecep
 prjpetcmljhjsbs.
Dmhtmc ; cje`tc prmimtbmh, yehl nepet nbe`auaeh nrl yebtu amhsj`bhl nbjt,
 prmlrei dmhtrm` p`ea.
 Wjhdjleceh sjauhnjr ; uhtua ijhdjlec eler pjhyeabt tbnea ojrajioehl, sunec
nb tecep petcmljhjsbs.
Dmhtmc ; ijhlep`baesbh pbt ehn fbssurj sb`jht, pjheioe`eh pene `jsb aerbjs
 Wjhdjleceh tjrsbjr ; uhtua ijhdjlec ajcb`ehleh fuhlsb (rjceob`btes) , bhb sunec
 ojrene nb tecep tjreacbr petcmljhjsbs.
Dmhtmc; pjieaebeh lblb tbrueh neh
bip`eht.

>. Epe tukueh nbeneaeh prmlrei pjhdjleceh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut =
 ^ukueh uiuh ; eler tjrdepebhye njreket ajsjceteh lblb iesyereaet yehl mptbie`
 ^ukueh acusus ;
- ijhbhlaetaeh ajsenereh, sbaep neh prb`eau iesyereaet ne`ei ajieipueh
 pj`bcere nbrb nbobnehl ajsjceteh lblb iu`ut
- ijhuruhaeh prjve`jhsb pjhyeabt ajslbiu`, yehl oehyea nbnjrbte iesyereaet
- tjrcbhner eteu ojraurehl lehllueh fuhlsb auhyec eaboet pjhyeabt lblb
neh iu`ut
- ijhbhlaetaeh suiojr neye iehusbe yehl ojraue`btes

:. Iehfeet tbhneaeh pjhdjleceh neh eaboet kbae tbnea nb`eauaeh

 Iehfeet;
- ijioehtu ijhkele lblb e`eib eler tjtep sjcet
- ijhjaeh obeye pjreweteh yehl iuhlabh tjrkenb epeob`e tbnea
nb`eauaeh
 pjhdjleceh tjrcenep aj`ebheh nb rmhlle iu`ut
- nepet ijhnbelhmse ajruseaeh lblb tecep ewe`
- ijhnepetaeh pjhljtecueh ijhljheb ieaeheh yehl oeba uhtua lblb neh tete
dere pjhybaeteh lblb yehl ojher 

 Eaboet ;
- ojrbsbam tjrajhe aj`ebheh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut
- cb`ehlhye jstjtba rmhlle iu`ut
- tbnea nepet ijipjrtecehaeh lblb es`b aerjhe ajruseaeh
6. Dere ij`eauaeh ehe`bsbs fedtmr rjsbam
Wjhdjleceh tjrkenbhye aerbjs nepet nbneseraeh ojrneseraeh suetu ehe`bse stetus
rjsbam aerbjs. Tjkui`ec pjrtehyeeh nbekuaeh ajpene seipj` uhtua ijhljtecub rbweyet
 pjhyeabt yehl pjrhec nbnjrbte, ajobeseeh ieaeh neh esupeh f`mur. Tj`ehkuthye nb`eauaeh
 pjijrbaseeh uhtua ijhljtecub pjhle`eieh aerbjs, oehyeahye p`ea, vm`uij se`bve neh
aepesbtes neper se`bve.
Njhleh nbajtecubhye stetus rjsbam aerbjs, sjmrehl tjhajs lblb nepet
ijhljioehlaeh suetu imnj` prmaji ojrupe pjhyu`uceh dere ijij`bcere ajslbiu` neh
 pjhdjleceh aerbjs ij`e`ub pjhljhne`beh fedtmr rjsbam aerbjs pene ehea ojrupe ep`baesb
f`mur, pbt&fbssurj sje`eht, pjhyu`uceh sjcbhlle nepetijhuruhaeh ehlae aerbjs neh
ijhbhlaetaeh ajsjceteh lblb neh iu`ut.

<. Ajluheeh bnjhtbfbaesb fedtmr rjsbam

 sjoeleb prjnbasb ewe` sjouec pjhyeabt
 sjoeleb pjhyjoeo pjhyeabt
 sjoeleb neser uhtua hehtbhye obse nb`eauaeh pjhdjleceh

3. Bhnjx yehl nbluheaeh ne`ei ijhlleioeraeh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut

 bhnjas aerbjs DTB (derbjs sjvjrbty bhnjx)
 bhnjas NIF-^ /NJF-^ ; ehlae yehl ijhuhkuaaeh a`bhbs pjhyeabt aerbjs lblb
 bhnjas NIF-T/NJF-T ; ehlae yehl ijhuhkuaaeh a`bhbs pjhyeabt aerbjs
lblb njhleh ijhlcbtuhl kui`ec pjriuaeeh lblb yehl tjrsjrehl aerbjs
 W^B (Wjrfmrijn ^rjetijht Bhnjx) ; ehlae prjsjhtesj nerb kui`ec lblb tjtep yehl
nbtuipet tjrcenep ehlae NIF-^
 _^B (_jqubrjn ^rjetijht Bhnjx) ; ehlae prjsjhtesj nerb kui`ec lblb tjtep yehl
aerbjs tjrcenep ehlae NIF-^
 WZFE; e`et uaur yehl nbluheaeh uhtua ijhb`eb amhnbsb _I yehl nbeaboetaeh
nerb aerbjs lblb yehl tbnea nbrewet
 WCW ;bhnjas yehl nbluheaeh uhtua ijhb`eb ajojrsbceh bhnbvbnu
ne`ei ijiojrsbcaeh fmmn njorbs sjtj`ec bhstruasb ijhybaet lblb
 Dmiiuhbty pjrbmnmhte` bhnjx(DWB) ; o`jjnbhl lbhlbve` bhnjx neh pmdajt bhnjx

2. Aj`jobceh neh ajaurehleh bhnjas NIF-^

 aj`jobceh ; iunec nbluheae/nbep`baesbaeh neh iunec nbpeceib neh
kule
 pjhluaureh NIF-^ bhb ojrsbfet uhbvjrse` neh kule nepet ijhluaur
prjve`jhsb aerbjs
 ajaurehleh ; tbnea nepet ijhlleioeraeh kui`ec aerbjs njhleh pestb neh kule
ij`e`ub pjhlcbtuhleh NIF-^ bhb tbnea nepet ijiojneaeh ajne`eieh aerbjs neh
 kule tbnea nepet ijhluaur bhnja aerbjs pene eaer 
57. Ajuhtuhleh neh ceioeteh nerb DWB
 ajuhtuhleh ;
-pjhluaureh amiprjcjhsbf nerb pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`
-tbhlaet ajpereceh pjhyeabt nepet nbuaur 
-ajoutuceh pjreweteh nepet nbhb`eb
-ajtbae nboehnbhlaeh DWB `jobc iunec neh mokjatbf 
-obse ijhnepetaeh nete stetus ajsjceteh pjrbmnmhte` iesyereaet

 ceioeteh ;
-ijieaeh oehyea weatu
-ae`boresb su`bt aerjhe DWB ij`bputb oehyea arbtjrbe
TAJIE

Nete _bsajsnes

Ehe`bsbs fedtmr
rjsbam
Bhnjas

Ijrehdehl prmlrei
Ijhdjribhaeh  pjhdjleceh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut
 pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut

NIF-^ Dmiiuhbty pjrbmnmhte` bhnjx

(DWB)

O`jjnbhl Wmdajt
lbhlbve bhnjx  pjrbmnmhte` bhnjx

@JE_HBHL MOKJD^BVJ

5) Iecesbswe ieipu ijieceib neh ijhkj`esaeh fedtmr rbsbam pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut
?) Iecesbswe ieipu ijieceib neh ijhkj`esaeh pjhdjleceh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut
4) Iecesbswe ieipu ijieceib neh ijhkj`esaeh bhnjx aerbjs
>) Iecesbswe ieipu ijieceib neh ijhkj`esaeh bhnjx ajsjceteh kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte`
5). Fedtmr rbsbam pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut

Ojojrepe featmr rbsbam aerbjs lblb nbehterehye be`ec featmr `mae` sjpjrti pjhle`eieh aerbjs, mre`
cylbjhj, p`ea lblb, ajobeseeh amhsuisb aerbmljhba, preatia sbaet lblb neh featmr `ebhhye sjpjrti
sjpjrti usbe, kjhbs aj`eibh, res neh ouneye, ijrmama, stetus jamhmib, neh
tihlaet pjhnbnbaeh.Aerbjs nepet tjrkenb ob`e ene featmr pjhyjoeo yehl se`bhl
ojrcuouhleh neh

ijhnuauhl, yebtu cmst (se`bve neh lblb), ibarmmrlehbsij, suostret neh weatu.
Fedtmr rbsbam pjhyeabt lblb ;
- Wjhle`eieh aerbjs
Wjhj`btieh jpbnjibm`mlb sunec ijiouatiaeh enehye cuouhleh ehtere
pjhle`eieh aerbjs njhleh pjrajioehleh aerbjs nbiese ijhnetehl. Wrjve`jhsb
aerbjs pene lblb njsbnub nepet ijiprjnbasb aerbjs pene lblb pjriehjh.
- Aurehlhye pjieaebeh mur
Wjiojrbeh mur sjdere tjretur nepet ijhlurehlb tjrkenbhye aerbjs aerjhe nepet
ijhbhlaetaeh rjibhjre`bsesb. Heiuh kbae pjieaebeh mur ne`ei kui`ec ojr`jobc kule
eaeh ijhyjoeoaeh umrmsbs.
- Wjhle`eieh Mre` Cylbjhj
Ajojrsbceh rmhlle iu`ut yehl ourua eaeh ijhleaboetaeh prjsjhtesj aerbjs tihllb.
Te`ec setu amipmipmhjh tjrkenbhye aerbjs ene`ec p`ea oeatjrb pene lblb. Wjhbhlaeteh
MC nepet nb`eauaeh njhleh mssbhl uhtua ijiojrsbcaeh p`ea nbamiobhesbaeh njhleh
pjijrbaseeh lblb yehl ojher.
- Te`bve ; se`bve ib`bab fuhlsb sjoeleb oujr, sj`ebh btu se`bve kule ojrluhe uhtua
ijiojrsbcaeh sbse-sbse ieaeheh nb ne`ei iu`ut. Wene bhnbvbnu yehl ojraurehl
fuhlsb se`bvehye, ieae eativbtes aerbjs eaeh ijhbhlaet sjdere sblhbaeh.
- Wm`e ieaeh neh kjhbs ieaeheh ; pjhleruc pm`e ieaeheh ne`ei prmsjs aerbjs obesehye
`jobc ojrsbfet `mde` nerb pene sbstjiba, tjruteie ne`ei frjaujhsb ijhlhsuisb ieaeheh
yehl ijhlehnuhl aeromcbnret (tihllb suarmse) ieae ojojrepe oeatrb pjhyjoeo aerbjs
nbruhlle iu`ut eaeh ijiu`eb ijiprmnuasb esei sjcbhlle tjrkenb njibhjre`bsesb, yehl
ojr`ehlsuhl sj`eie 47-67 ijhbt

Fedtmr pjhnuauhl/imnbaes ;
- Kjhbs aj`eibh
Cesb` pjhleieteh yehl nb`eauaeh m`jc kmscb(?77:) nb bhnbe nerb tmte` pupu`esb ehea usbe
6-5? tecuh oehyea 5:7 mrl nb pjrm`jc ajkenbeh `jobc tihllb pene `eab-`eab yebti 37%
sjnehlaeh pjripueh <:%. Ce` bhb tjrkenb aerjhe pjrjipueh `jobc ijib`bab ajbhlbheh
uhtua ijhkele ajojrsbcehhye.
- Zsbe
Wjhj`btieh jpbnjibm`mlb ijhuhkuaaeh tjrkenb pjhbhlaeteh prjve`jhsb aerbjs
sjke`eh njhleh ojrteioechye uiur.
 - ^bhlaet smdbe` jamhmib
Ehea nerb aj`uerle njhleh tihlaet smdbe` jamhmib rjhnec ijhle`eib kui`ec
aerbjs lblbyehl `jobc oehyea neh ajdjhnjruhleh uhtua tinea ijhnepetaeh
pjreweteh lblb
`jobc tihllb nboehnbhlaeh njhleh ehea njhleh tihlaet smdbe` jamhmib tihllb. Ajibsabheh
pene lm`mhleh ibhmrbtes kule ijhbhlaetaeh rbsbam ajsjceteh iu`ut yehl ourua
- Ijrmama
Hbdmtihj yehl nbcesb`aeh tjioeaeu nepet ijhjaeh e`breh se`bve. Ce` bhb ijhyjoeoaeh
eativbtes aerbjs ijhbhlaet

Fedtmr > yehl ojrbhtjreasb

- Cmst (lblb neh se`bve)
Lblb ; ene`ec oelbeh tuouc yehl tjrajres neh tjrauet nerb ehllmte tuouc
`ebhhye. Aj`jieceh lblb ene`ec tinea teceh tjrcenep sjrehleh esei. Lblb tinea
ijipuhyeb neye rjperetif (ijipjroebab nbrb sjhnbrb), aerjhe btu epeob`e `uoehl lblb
tjrojhtua ieae tinea obse nbajioe`baeh aj ajeneeh sjiu`e ajdue`b njhleh
nbteioe`. Tjnehlaeh uhtua

ijhdjlec tjrojhtuahye aerbjs, ijhlurehlb eatites fjrijhtesb lu`e ijhkenb esei m`jc
oeatjrb yebtu ijhlurehlb eauiu`esb p`ea njhleh ijhllmsma lblb sjtiep cerb njhleh
tj`bti (Wrjve`jhsbaerbjslblb, wmrnprjss.dmi). Ene pjhyeabt neh lehllueh tjrtjhtu pene
lblb yehl nepet ijipjrtihllb featmr rbsbam tjrajhe aerbjs. Eij`mljhjsbs bipjrfjate, nb
iehe jheij` tinea tjrojhtua sjipurhe neh njhtihmljhjsbs bipjrfjate
yebtu ajtineasjipurheeh pjiojhtuaeh njhtih (Hjvb``j, ?77?). Wene ajoehyeaeh
aesus, lehllueh bhb ouaeh pjhyjoeo uteie nerb aerbjs (Detj, 5223). Ehetmib
lblb kule ojrpjhleruc pene pjiojhtuaeh aerbjs. Dj`ec eteu e`ur yehl ne`ei pene
lblb nepet ijhkenb `maesb pjrajioehleh aerbjs. Aerbjs kule sjrbhl tjrkenb pene tjipet
yehl sjrbhl tjrsj`bp sbse ieaeheh
Te`bve ; Wjreheh se`bve ne`ei ijhkele aj`jsterbeh lblb sehlet pjhtihl.Oehyea
ec`b ijhyeteaeh, se`bve ijrupeaeh pjrteceheh pjrteie tjrcenep aerbjs. Te`bve
ojrfuhlsb sjoeleb pj`bdbh, pj`bhnuhl, oujr, pjiojrsbc, ehti pj`erut neh ehti oeatjrb.

- Ibarmmlehbsij
W`ea ijijlehl pjreheh pjhtihl ne`ei ijhyjoeoaeh tjrkenbhye aerbjs.
W`ea ijrupeaeh suetu `epbseh `uhea yehl tjrnbrb etes auipu`eh ibarmmrlehbsij yehl
ojrajioehl obea nb etes suetu ietrbas yehl tjrojhtua neh ij`jaet jret
pene pjriuaeeh lblb yehl tinea nbojrsbcaeh.
^jrnepet sjkui`ec mrlehbsij esbnmljhba yehl nepet nbtjtepaeh ij`e`ub ajieipueh
ojram`mhb pene lblb uhtua ijhuruhaeh WC seipeb >,5. Amhnbsb `bhlauhleh
yehl

ijhlehnuhl lu`e ijhluhtuhlaeh Ttrjptmdmddus iutehs, strjptmdmddus sehlubhbs,

 `edtmoedb``us edbnmpcb`us, desjr neh edtihmiydjs vbsdmsus ceipbr ijijhucb arbtjrbe bhb.
Ttrjptmdmddus iutehs ijrupeaeh auieh aerbmljhba aerjhe ieipu sjljre ijiouet
esei nerb aeromcbnret, aerjhe fjrijhtesb auieh-auieh tjrsjout tuiouc suour ne`ei
suesehe esei neh nepet ijhjipj` pene pjriuaeeh lblb.

- Tuostret eteu nbjt

Tuostret ene`ec sbse ieaeheh eteu ibhuieh yehl ijhjpj` pene pjriuaeeh lblb.
Featmr suostret eteu nbjt nepet ijipjhlerucb pjiojhtuaeh p`ea aerjhe
ijioehtu pjrajioehlobeaeh neh am`mhbsesb ibarmmrlehbsij yehl ene pene
pjriuaeeh jheij`. Aeromcbnret nerb ieaeheh sjpjrti suarmse neh l`uamse eaeh
ijioehtu pjioueteh esei oelb oeatjrb neh sbhtjsbs pm`bseaerbne jastre sj`.
Aeromcbnret njhleh ojret im`jau` sjpjrti lu`e eaeh sjljre ijhyjrep aj ne`ei
p`ea neh nbijteom`bsij njhleh djpet m`jc oeatjrb.

- \eatu
^bhlaet frjaujhsb lblb tjrajhe njhleh `bhlauhleh yehl aerbmljhba nepet ijipjhlerucb

pjrajioehleh aerbjs (Njhte`cje`tc, ?776). Tjtj`ec sjsjmrehl ijhlamhsuisb ieaeheh

ijhlehnuhl lu`e, ieae oeatjrb pene iu`ut nepet ijijteom`bsij lu`e ijhkenb esei
neh ijhuruhaeh pC, pC nepet ijhkenb hmrie` aerjhe nbhjtre`aeh m`jc ebr `bur neh
prmsjs sjoj`uihye tj`ec ij`erutaeh ibhjre` lblb. Njibhjre`bsesb nepet tjrkenb sjtj`ec ?
 kei (Njhte`derbjs, ?7 6).
Tjdere uiui, aerbjs nbehllep sjoeleb pjhyeabt armhbs pene iehusbe yehl ojrajioehl
ne`ei weatu ojojrepe ou`eh eteu tecuh. @eiehye weatu yehl nboutucaeh aerbjs uhtua
ojrajioehl ijhkenb suetu aevbtes duaup ojrverbesb, nbpjrabreaeh 6->3 ou`eh.

Fedtmr pjhyjoeo pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`

Featmr pjhyjoeo pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` nepet nboelb ijhkenb nue oelbeh yebtu featmr
`mde` (jastrbhsba) neh featmr sbstjiba (bhtrbhsba). Featmr `mae` ijrupeaeh pjhyjoeo yehl ojrene
pene
`bhlauhleh nbsjabter lblb, sjnehlaeh featmr sbstjiba nbcuouhlaeh njhleh ijteom`bsij
neh ajsjceteh uiui.
Ajruseaeh tu`ehl ne`ei pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` tjruteie nbsjoeoaeh m`jc fedtmr `mae`
yebtu bheiesb lbhlbve neh treuie nerb ma`usb eteu leouhleh ajnuehye. Ajruseaeh yehl
nbsjoeoaeh m`jc bheiesb lbhlbve ijhleaboetaeh pjhlurehleh ajtihllbeh tu`ehl
e`vjm`er, sjnehlaeh treuie nerb ma`usb ijhyjoeoaeh cb`ehlhye tu`ehl e`vjm`er pene sbsb
pjriuaeeh eaer.
FEA^M_
@MAE@ 5. W`ea
Oeatjrb
W`ea oeatjrb ijrupeaeh suetu iesse cesb` pjrtuiouceh ibarmoe yehl ij`jaet jret
pene pjriuaeeh lblb neh lbhlbve ob`e sjsjmrehl ijhleoebaeh ajojrsbceh iu`ut. Ceipbr
sjiue pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` ojrcuouhleh njhleh p`ea oeatjrb neh tj`ec tjrouati oecwe p`ea
oeatjrb ojrsbfet tmasba.
Oeatjrb nepet ijhyjoeoaeh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` sjdere tinea `ehlsuhl njhleh ke`eh ;
5. Ijhbeneaeh ijaehbsij pjrteceheh tuouc.
?. Ijhlurehlb pjrteceheh kerbhleh tuouc
4. Ijhlljreaaeh prmsjs biiuhm petm`mlb.

?. Ae`au`us
Ae`au`us tjrnbrb nerb p`ea oeatjrb neh ijrupeaeh suetu iesse yehl ijhle`eib pjhlepureh,
tjrojhtua pene pjriuaeeh lblb sjdere e`eibec. Ae`au`us ijrupeaeh pjhnuauhl
pjhyjoeo tjrkenbhye lbhlbvbtis (nepet nb`bcet oecwe bheiesb tjrkenb aerjhe pjhuipuaeh sbse
ieaeheh yehl ojr`jobceh) neh `jobc oehyea tjrkenb pene mrehl njwese, ae`au`us ouaeh
pjhyjoeo uteie

tjrkenbhye pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`. Featmr pjhyjoeo tiiou`hye lbhlbvbtis ene`ec p`ea oeatjrb yehl
tinea ojribhjre`, ij`jaet pene pjriuaeeh ae`au`us, ijipjhlerucb lbhlbve sjdere
tinea
`ehlsuhl.

4. Bipeasb ieaeheh
Bipeasb ieaeheh (tjaeheh eaboet pjhuipuaeh sbse ieaeheh) ijrupeaeh ajeneeh ewe` yehl
nepet ijhyjoeoaeh tjrkenbhye pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`. Lblb yehl ojrkjke` eteu ibrbhl ijrupeaeh
tjipet pjhuipuaeh sbse ieaeheh neh kule tjipet tjrojhtuahye p`ea, sjnehlaeh lblb njhleh
ma`usb yehl oeba ijipuhyeb neye sj`f d`jehsbhl yehl tihllb.

>. Tbfet sba ieaeheh

Tbfet sba ieaeheh ijrupeaeh ce` yehl pjhtihl aerjhe ieaeheh yehl ojrsbfet `uhea sjpjrti
ouour eteu deipureh sjib`bqubn ijioutucaeh sjnbabt pjhluhyeceh, ijhyjoeoaeh
njorbs
`jobc iunec ij`jaet nbsjabter lblb neh obse ojrfuhlsb sjoeleb serehl oeatjrb
sjrte ijiunecaeh pjiojhtuaeh aerehl lblb.

:. ^reuie nerb ma`usb

^reuie nerb ma`usb ijhyjoeoaeh ajruseaeh kerbhleh pjrbmnmhsbui, tjaeheh ma`use`
yehl ijhyjoeoaeh ajruseaeh kerbhleh nbsjout treuietia ma`usb. ^reuie nerb
ma`usb nepet nbsjoeoaeh m`jc ; Wjruoeceh-pjruoeceh tjaeheh ma`use` Ibse` enehye
lblb yehl j`mhlesb, pjhdeouteh lblb yehl tinea nblehti, ajobeseeh ourua sjpjrti oruasbi,
d`jhdcbhl.
FEA^M_ TBT^JIBA
_jspmh kerbhleh tjrcenep oeatjrb, rehlsehleh abibe sjrte sba nepet nbpjrojret m`jc ajeneeh
sbstjiba. Zhtua ijteom`bsij kerbhleh nboutucaeh ietjrbe`-ietjrbe` sjpjrti cmrimh, vbteibh,
hutrbsb neh masbljh. Ob`e ajsjbioehleh ietjrbe` bhb tjrlehllu nepet ijhleaboetaeh lehllueh
`mae` yehl ojret. Lehllueh ajsjbioehleh tjrsjout nepet ojrupe aurehlhye ietjrb
yehl nboutucaeh m`jc sj`-sj` uhtua pjhyjiouceh, sjcbhlle brbtesb `mae` yehl
sjcerushye nepet nbteceh eteu cehye ijhyjoeoaeh bheiesb rbhleh seke,
njhleh enehye lehllueh ajsjbioehleh tjrsjout ieae nepet ijipjrojret eteu
ijhyjoeoaeh ajruseaeh kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte`.

Featmr-featmr sbstjiba bhb ij`bputi ;

5. Njiei yehl tihllb
Wene ehea-ehea sjrbhl tjrkenb pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` sj`eie ijhnjrbte njiei yehl
tihllb, (ibse` nbsjoeoaeh pb`ja, oetua yehl perec). Ce` bhb nbsjoeoaeh ehea yehl seabt tinea
nepet ij`eauaeh pjiojrsbceh iu`uthye sjdere mptiie` neh ieaeheh yehl nbojrbaeh
obesehye ojrojhtua debr. Wene ajeneeh bhb se`bve neh njorbs ojrauipu` pene iu`ut
ijhyjoeoaeh

iunechye tjrojhtua p`ea neh tjrkenb pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`.

?. Njsbjhsb vbteibh
Nb ehtere oehyea vbteibh, vbteibh D sehlet ojrpjhleruc pene kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte`, aerjhe
fuhlsbhye ne`ei pjiojhtuaeh sjret kerbhleh baet. Njsbjhsb vbteibh D sjhnbrb sjojherhye tinea
ijhyjoeoaeh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`, tjtepb enehye brbtesb `mde` ijhyjoeoaeh kerbhleh aurehl
nepet ijipjrtecehaeh ajsjceteh kerbhleh tjrsjout sjcbhlle tjrkenb rjeasb
bheiesb (njsbjhsb ijipjr`jiec kerbhleh).

4. Nruls eteu moet-moeteh

Moet-moeteh nepet ijhyjoeoaeh cbpjrp`esbe, ce` bhb sjrbhl tjrkenb pene ehea-ehea pjhnjrbte
jpb`jpsb yehl ijhlamisuisb moet ehti ajkehl, yebtu pcjhytmbh (nb`ehtih). Nb`ehtih
ouaeh pjhyjoeo `ehlsuhl pjhyeabt kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte`, tjtepb cypjrp`esbe lbhlbve
ijiunecaeh tjrkenbhye pjhyeabt. pjhyjoeo uteie ene`ec p`ea oeatjrb.

>. Cmrimhe`
Wjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` nbpjhlerucb m`jc cmrimh stjrmbn. Wjhbhlaeteh cmrimhj jstrmljh neh
prmljstjrmh sj`eie iese rjieke nepet ijipjrcjoet bheiesb ierlbh lbhlbve ob`e ene featmr
`mae` pjhyjoeo pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`.
?). Wjhdjleceh pjhyeabt lblb neh iu`ut

- Wjhdjleceh pjhyeabt/ ajruseaeh lblb

5. Wjhdjleceh prbijr tjriesua ne`ei tecepeh ewe`, yebtu tecep prjpetmljhjsbs ijrupeaeh
pjhdjleceh sjoj`ui tiiou`hye pjhyeabt. Ce` bhb nbtehneb njhleh upeye
ijhbhlaetaeh ajsjceteh (cje`tc prmimtimh) neh ijiojrbaeh pjr`bhnuhleh acusus
(spjsbd prmtjdtimh). Zpeye prmimsb ajsjceteh ij`bputi pjhlekereh tjhtehl dere
ijhybhlabraeh p`ea yehl jfjatif eteu dere ijhybaet lblb neh ijhlluheaeh ojhehl lblb
(mssbhl). Zpeye pjr`bhnuhleh acusus tjriesua pj`eyeheh yehl nbojrbaeh uhtua ij`bhnuhlb
cmst nerb sjrehleh pjhyeabt njhleh ijioehluh pjhlce`ehl uhtua ij`eweh
ibarmmrlehbsij. Ep`baesb pbt neh sur sb`jh ijrupeaeh upeye pjr`bhnuhleh acusus
uhtua ijhdjlec aerbjs. Wjhdjleceh prbijr nb`eauaeh m`jc nmatjr lblb, iesyereaet, neh
iesbhliesbhl bhnbvbnu. Wjhdjleceh yehl nb`eauaeh nmatjr lblb ij`bputi ep`baesb tmpbae`, pbt
neh sur sb`jh, amhsj`bhl nbjt, prmlrei amhtrm` p`ea, neh ij`eauaeh pjhluaureh rbsbam
aerbjs. Wjhdjleceh yehl nbojrbaeh ne`ei iesyereaet ene`ec
umrbnesb ebr ibhui, umrbnesb ebr sjam`ec neh auiur-auiur njhleh `eruteh umr sjnehlaeh
bhnbvbnu ij`eauaeh tihneaeh ijhybaet lblb njhleh peste lblb yehl ijhlehnuhl umr neh
ijhlluheaeh e`et pjiojrsbc lblb neh iu`ut `ebhhye. Zsece uhtua ij`eauaeh pjhdjleceh
prbijr pene ehea nboewec : tecuh nbojrbaeh ajpene bou sjpjrti ijhbhlaetaeh pjhljtecueh
bou tjhtehl ijhkele ajojrsbceh iu`ut ehea, pm`e ieaeh ehea yehl oeba neh ojher
sjrte pjr`bhnuhleh tjrcenep lblb ehea yehl nbojrbaeh, ce` bhb nb`eauaeh aerjhe ajieipueh
ehea tjroetes neh ehea `jobc njaet njhleh bouhye, sjnehlaeh pene ehea 6 tecuh ajetes,
nmatjr lblb cerus `jobc ijhjaehaeh ajpene ehea ijhljheb tehlluhl keweohye uhtua
ijij`bcere ajsjceteh iu`ut.

?. Wjhdjleceh sjauhnjr ijrupeaeh tecep ewe` petmljhjsbs nbiehe tihneaeh yehl nb`eauaeh
uhtua ijhlceioet eteu ijhdjlec pjhyeabt eler tinea ojrajioehl eteu aeiouc
`elb. Ajlbetehhye nbtukuaeh pene nbelhmse nbhb neh pjhlmoeteh yehl tjpet. Tjoeleb
dmhtmc, ij`eauaeh pjheioe`eh pene `jsb aerbjs yehl ajdb` nepet ijhdjlec ajcb`ehleh
struatur lblb yehl `ues.

4. Wjhdjleceh tjrsbjr ijrupeaeh tecepeh eacbr petmljhjsbs pjhyeabt yebtu

pjhdjleceh tjrcenep ajcb`ehleh fuhlsb. ^bhneaeh yehl nb`eauaeh uhtua ijioetesb
ajtineaieipueh (dedet) neh rjceob`btesb. Lblb tirueh neh bip`eh tjriesua ne`ei aetjlmrb bhb.
Wjhdjleceh prbijr
`jobc nbtjaehaeh aerjhe `jobc jfjatif nboehnbhl pjhdjleceh `ebhhye nbiehe lblb
oj`ui ijhle`eib ajruseaeh seie sjae`b.
 - Wjhdjleceh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`

Wjhdjleceh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` ijrupeaeh ajrke seie yehl nb`eauaeh m`jc nmatjr
lblb, pesbjh neh pjrsmhe` pjhnuauhl. Wjhdjleceh nb`eauaeh njhleh ijij`bcere lblb-
lblb neh ijhdjlec sjrehleh sjrte aeiouchye pjhyeabt. Wjhdjleceh nbiu`eb pene kerbhleh
pjrbmnmhte` yehl sjcet yehl ojrtukueh uhtua ijij`bcere neh ijipjrtecehaeh
ajsjceteh kerbhleh
pjrbmnmhte` njhleh ijipjrluheaeh tjahba sjnjrcehe neh nepet nbpeaeb nb sj`uruc
nuhbe Ziuihye pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` neh ajcb`ehleh lblb nepet nbdjlec aerjhe
pjhyeabt bhb
nbsjoeoaeh featmr-featmr `mae` yehl nepet nbtjiuaeh, nbamrjasb neh nbamhtrm`. Tesereh yehl
bhlbh nbdepeb ene`ec ijhlmhtrm` pjhyeabt lblb uhtua ijhdjlec pjreweteh yehl `jobc perec.

Wjhdjleceh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` ij`bputi ojojrepe prmsjnur yehl se`bhl ojrcuouhleh

setu seie `ebh yebtu ;

5. Amhtrm` W`ea

Amhtrm` p`ea ijrupeaeh dere yehl pe`bhl jfjatif ne`ei ijhdjlec pjiojhtuaeh ae`au`us neh
ijrupeaeh neser pmama pjhdjleceh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` , tehpe dmhtrm` p`ea ajsjceteh iu`ut
tinea nepet nbdepeb eteu nbpj`bcere. Tjtiep pesbjh ne`ei preatja nmatjr lblb sjoebahye nbojrb
prmlrei amhtrm` p`ea. Oelb pesbjh njhleh kerbhleh pjrbmnmhsbui yehl sjcet, amhtrm`
p`ea ojrerti pjij`bcereeh ajsjceteh. Oelb pjhnjrbte pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`, amhtrm` p`ea
ojrerti pjhyjiouceh.Oelb pesbjh pesde pjreweteh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`, amhtrm`
p`ea ojrerti ijhdjlec aeiouchye pjhyeabt bhb.
Ijtmnj amhtrm` p`ea nboelb etes nue yebtu sjdere ijaehbs neh abibee ; Tjdere
ijaehbs ijrupeaeh dere yehl pe`bhl nepet nbpjrdeye, ij`bputi pjhlluheeh e`et-e`et sba
njhleh ijieaeb sbaet lblb, e`et pjiojrsbc prmasbie` sjpjrti njhte` mss, tusua lblb neh auiur-
auiur njhleh ebr. Amhtrm` p`ea sjdere abibe ene`ec ijieaeb oeceh auiur - auiur sjpjrti
dc`mrcjxbnbhj (Ojtenbhj, Bsmnbhj).

?. Wrm`easbs iu`ut

Wrm`easbs iu`ut ijrupeaeh pjiojrsbceh lblb nb a`bhba, tjrnbrb nerb pjhybhlabreh ietjrb e`oe,
ae`au`us, stebh neh pjim`bseh lblb. Zhtua ijiojrbaeh iehfeet yehl ieasbiui oelb pesbjh,
prm`easbs iu`ut cerus `jobc `ues neh ij`bputi ce`-ce` ojrbaut ; Ijieaeb `eruteh
pjwerhe (nbsd`msbhl sm`utimh) uhtua ijhnjtjasb p`ea. Lbhdu auj werhe rms nepet
nbpeaeb uhtua ijhnjtjasb p`ea pene ehea-ehea.Ijiojrsbcaeh neh ijim`bs lblb,
ijhlluheaeh peste pjim`bs/peste lbl
4. Wjhdjleceh treuie nerb ma`usb

Ijhyjsuebaeh cuouhleh lblb-lblb yehl ijhle`eib pjruoeceh sjdere pjr`eceh-`eceh (eaboet

pjieaebeh yehl `eie). Cuouhleh tmhkm` lblb es`b njhleh teioe`eh lblb yehl tinea tjpet nepet
ijhbiou`aeh ajobeseeh ma`usb yehl tinea oeba sjpjrti oruxbi eteu d`jhdcbhl.

>. Wjhdjleceh njhleh tihneaeh sbstjiba

Dere `ebh uhtua ijhdjlec pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` ene`ec njhleh tihneaeh sbstjiba sjcbhlle neye
teceh tuouc ijhbhlaet yehl kule ijipjhlerucb ajsjceteh kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte`.
Eljh pjhdjnjre sjpjrti p`ea oeatjrb nepet nbhjtre`aeh easbhye ob`e kerbhleh sjcet.

:. Wjhdjleceh njhleh prmsjnur mrtmnmhtia

Wrmsjnur mrtmnmhtia sehlet pjhtihl ne`ei pjhdjleceh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`. ^ukueh

amrjasb sjdere mrtmnmhtia bhb ene`ec uhtua pjij`bcereeh tjipet lblb tjtep pjhllehti, `jtea
lblb neh pehkehl `jhlauhl recehl.

6. Wjhnbnbaeh ajsjceteh lblb iesyereaet

Eler pjhdjleceh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` ijhkenb jfjatif, tihneaeh pjhdjleceh cerus nbpjr`ues
nerb a`bhba lblb ajpene iesyereaet. Ce` yehl pjhtihl nbajtecub iesyereaet be`ec ouati oecwe
pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` nepet nbdjlec njhleh ijtmnj yehl seie eteu `jobc jfjatif nerb ijtmnj
pjhdjleceh aerbjs lblb. Wjhnbnbaeh ajsjceteh lblb iesyereaet ene`ec tehlluhl keweo nmatjr
lblb, mrlehbsesb ajnmatjreh lblb neh Njpertjijh Ajsjceteh. Wjhlekereh yehl jfjatif
nepet nbojrbaeh nb a`bhba. Tjnehlaeh uhtua iesyereaet nepet nbojrbaeh ij`e`ub amhtea
prboenb, eativbtes ne`ei aj`mipma iesyereaet, ijnbe djtea ieupuh j`jatrmhba, pjrauipu`eh
rjieke, sjam`ec neh wenec `ebhhye.

Wjr`u nb`urusaeh enehye pjrtjhtehleh psbam`mlbs pene iesyereaet, sjpjrti ;

Ijhjrehlaeh oecwe ajruseaeh yehl nbsjoeoaeh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte` pene mrehl njwese
nbiu`eb pene iese ehea-ehea. Ijhlcb`ehlaeh nuleeh oecwe pymrrcje (lusb ojrnerec) tinea
nepet nbj`eaaeh neh nbsjioucaeh. Kule ijhlcb`ehlaeh pjhnepet iesyereaet oecwe
ajcb`ehleh lblb sj`e`u tjrkenb ob`e ijrjae sunec tue.

4). Bhnjs aerbjs

Ojroeleb iedei bhnjas aerbjs lblb yehl sjrbhl nbluheaeh ;

e. Bhnjas NIF-^ / njf-t
Wjijrbaseeh NIF-^ (uhtua lblb pjriehjh) neh njf-t (uhtua lblb su`uhl). Wjijrbaseeh
nb`eauaeh njhleh ijhlluheaeh smhnj neh aede iu`ut sjdere vbsue` nboewec pjhjrehleh yehl

duaup nbiu`eb nerb sbsb abrb pmstjrbmr recehl oewec `e`u aj ehtjrbmr neh pmstjrbmr aeheh recehl
oewec, sj`ehkuthye lblb pmstjrbmr abrb recehl etes `e`u aj ehtjrbmr neh pmstjrbmr aeheh recehl
etes. Nb`bcet ajeneeh lblb lj`blbhye neh aerbjs a`bhbs, yehl nbieasun aerbjs a`bhbs
ne`ei pjhj`btieh bhb ene`ec tihlaeteh nerb aerbjs kbae nb`eauaeh pjijrbaseeh njhleh
smhnj, smhnj tjrsjout eaeh tjrsehlaut pene aevbtes yehl tjrojhtua sj`ehkuthye nbdetet
neh nb`eauaeh pjhlcbtuhleh bhnjas NIF-^ neh njf-t.

(N)jdey ; Kui`ec lblb aerbjs yehl tinea nbteioe` / yehl iesbc nepet nbteioe`.
(I)bssbhl ; Kui`ec lblb yehl bhnbaesb uhtua nbdeout / lblb yehl tj`ec cb`ehl aerjhe aerbjs.
(F)b``bhl ; Kui`ec lblb yehl tj`ec nbteioe` neh iesbc oeba.
(j)asfm`besb ; kui`ec lblb su`uhl yehl cb`ehl aerjhe aerbjs eteu cerus nbdeout aerjhe aerbjs

Ehlae NIF-^/njf-t ijhlleioeraeh oehyeahye aerbjs yehl nbnjrbte sjsjmrehl.

NIF-^ ieasunhye aerbjs nbcbtuhl pjr lblb, ertihye lblb yehl ijib`bab aerbjs `jobc nerb 5 (ibse`
aerbjs pene lblb 5.6 tjrnepet aerbjs nb ma`use` neh nb ouae` ieae aerbjs tjtep nbcbtuhl
’setu’). Wene bhnjas NIF-^ kule tinea ijiojneaeh ajne`ei aerbjs, ibse`hye aerbjs
supjrdbe`, ijnbe eteu prmfuhne.
_uius yehl nbluheaeh uhtua ijhlcbtuhl NIF-^ ; NIF-^ 9 N + I +
F NIF-^ rete-rete 9 Kui`ec N + I + F ; Kui`ec mrehl yl nbpjrbase
Aetjlmrb NIF-^ ijhurut \CM ;
7,7 — 5,5 9 sehlet
rjhnec 5,? — ?,6 9
rjhnec
?,< — >,> 9 sjnehl
>,: — 6,: 9 tihllb
6,6 8 9 sehlet
tihllb

o. Bhnjas NIF-T / njf-s

Ehlae yehl ijhuhkuaaeh a`bhbs pjhyeabt aerbjs lblb njhleh ijhlcbtuhl kui`ec pjriuaeeh
lblb yehl tjrsjrehl aerbjs. NIF-T uhtua lblb tjtep neh njf-s uhtua lblb su`uhl. Ehlae NIF-
T/njf-s ijhlleioeraeh oehyeahye aerbjs pene pjriuaeeh lblb yehl nbnjrbte sjssjmrehl
nerb nu`u seipeb sjaerehl (pjhle`eieh aerbjs).

d. Bhnjas uhtua ij`bcet tihlaet ajpereceh aerbjs

Zhtua ij`bcet ajne`eieh eteu tihlaet ajpereceh aerbjs lblb arbtjrbe yehl nbluheaeh ene`ec
sjoeleb ojrbaut ;
D7 9 oj`ui tjrkenb aerbjs
D5 9 aerbjs cehye ijhljheb jieb` seke
D? 9 aerbjs tj`ec ijhdepeb njhtih

D4 9 aerbjs tj`ec ijhdepeb pu`pe

D> 9 aerbjs tj`ec ijhljheb eaer lblb.
 n. Bhnjas WZFE/pufe
Ene`ec e`et uaur yehl nbluheaeh uhtua ijhb`eb amhnbsb rmhlle iu`ut yehl nbeaboetaeh nerb
aerbjs lblb yehl tinea nbrewet. Wjhb`ebeh nbuaur njhleh ij`bcet sedere vbsue`
cehye ijhlluheaeh bhstruijht aede iu`ut. Tamr tjrnbrb nerb pjhb`ebeh pu`pe yehl
tjr`bcet (W/p), u`sjresb pene iuamse iu`ut eaboet frelijh eaer (Z/u), stu`e(F/f) ob`e
tjrnepet ke`eh aj`uer uhtua pus pene lblb njhleh ajtjr`boeteh pu`pe, eosjs(E/e) ob`e
tjrnepet pjiojhlaeaeh ijhlehnuhl pus pene lblb njhlehajtjr`boeteh pu`pe.

>). Bhnjx pjijrbaseeh kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte`

e. DWB^H (Dmiiuhbty Wjrbmnmhte` Bhnjx mf ^rjetijht Hjjns)

Wrbhsbp ajrke DWB^H yebtu ;

5.Enehye prmojacusus (prmoj \CM).
Enehye prmoj acusus (\CM Wjrbmnmhte` Jxeibhbhl Wrmoj) Wrmoj bhb ijib`bab ukuhl
yehl ijrupeaeh om`e ajdb` ojrnbeijtjr 7,: ii. Wrmoj bhb nbluheaeh uhtua ij`bcet
enehye pjrnereceh neh ijhluaur ajne`eieh seau. Wene smhnj tjrnepet nejrec yehl nbojrb
werhe cbtei. Ob`eiehe ajne`eieh pmajt aurehl nerb 4,: ii ieae sj`uruc werhe
cbtei iesbc tjr`bcet. Ob`e ajne`eieh pmajt >-: ii, ieae cehye sjoelbeh seke werhe
cbtei yehl iesbc teipea sjnehlaeh uhtua pmajt ajne`eieh 6ii eteu `jobc ieae sj`uruc
oelbeh smhnj yehl ojrwerhe cbtei tinea teipea `elb.
?.Wjhb`ebeh etes tihlaeteh amhnbsb kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte`.
Wrbhsbp ajrke DWB^H ene`ec pjhb`ebeh ojrneseraeh samr stetus pjrbmnmhte` neh
sj`ehkuthye nbtjhtuaeh ajoutuceh pjreweteh pjhyeabt pjrbmnmhte`. Arbtjrbe
ijhjhtuaeh ajoutuceh pjreweteh tjrsjout ene`ec ;
Tamr Ttetus pjrbmnmhte`
7 9 pjrbmnmhsbui
sjcet
5 9 Tjdere `ehlsuhl eteu njhleh aede iu`ut tjr`bcet pjrnereceh sjtj`ec prmobhl
? 9 Tjweatu prmobhl tjrese enehye ae`au`us tjtepb sj`uruc nejrec cbtei (pene prmoj) iesbc
tjr`bcet
49 Teau njhleh ajne`eieh >-: ii (tjpb lbhlbve ojrene pene oelbeh prmoj ojrwerhe cbtei)
> 9 Teau njhleh ajne`eieh 6 ii (oelbeh prmoj ojrwerhe cbtei tinea tjr`bcet `elb)
_jhdehe pjreweteh ;
79 ^bnea ijioutucaeh
B 9 Ijijr`uaeh pjroebaeh mre` cylbjhj
BB 9 Wjroebaeh mre` cylbjhj neh saj`bhl prmfjssbmhe`
BBB 9 Wjroebaeh mre` cylbjhj neh saj`bhl prmfjssbmhe`
BV 9 Wjroebaeh mre` cylbjhj neh saj`bhl prmfjssbmhe` neh pjreweteh amiprjcjhsbf *
Zhtua ijhdetet ojroeleb amhnbsb nerb kerbhleh pjrbmnmhte`, tbnea nbpjrbase sjiue lblb,
ij`ebhaeh cehye ojojrepe lblb seke yehl nbsjout lblb-lblb bhnjas. Lblb- lblb bhnjas yehl cerus
nbpjrbase ene`ec 5<, 56, 55, ?6, ?<, ><,>6,45, 46 neh 4<.

o. Lbhlbve bhnjas
Nbluheaeh uhtua ijhb`eb njreket bhf`eiesb. Nbuaur pene lbhlbve nb > sbsb lblb ;
pepb``e

nbstmvjstbou`er, tjpb lbhlbve vjstbou`er, pepb``e ijsbmvjstbou`er neh tjpb lbhlbve mre`.
Arbtjrbe pjhjhtueh samr ;
7 9 lbhlbve hmrie`
5 9 bhf`eiesb rbhleh pene lbhlbve yehl nbtehneb njhleh pjruoeceh werhe, sjnbabt mjnjie, pe`pes
tbnea tjrkenb pjrnereceh
? 9 bhf`eiesb lbhlbve sjnehl, werhe ijrec, mjnjie, ojrab`et; pe`pesb tjrkenb pjrnereceh
4 9 bhf`eiesb lbhlbve perec, werhe ijrec ijhym`ma, mjnjietus tjrkenb u`sjresb,
lbhlbve djhnjruhl ojrnerec spmhteh.

d. Imnbfbaesb pepb``ery o`jjnbhl bhnjx

Ojrneseraeh pjhleieteh pjhnereceh lbhlbve yehl tbiou` sjtj`ec prmobhl.

Arbtjrbe pjiojrbeh hb`eb;

7 9 tbnea tjrkenb pjhnereceh
5 9 pjrnereceh ojrupe tbtba 
?9 pjrnereceh ojrupe tbtba yehl ojser eteu ojrupe lerbs
49 pjrnereceh ijhlljhehl nb bhtjrnjhte`

n.Bhnjas p`ea ijhurut imnbfbaesb Tcbda neh Esc

7 9 tbnea ene p`ea 
5 9 enehye p`ea pene nejrec bhtjrprmasbie` eteu pene tjpb lbhlbve yehl ijhutupb aurehl nerb
sjpjrtble nerb sjperuc lbhlbve pjriuaeeh vjstbou`er eteu mre` nerb lblb
? 9 enehye p`ea yehl ijhutupb `jobc nerb sjpjrtble tjtepb aurehl nerb nuepjrtble nerb sjperuc

lbhlbve pjriuaeeh vjstbou`er neh mre` lblb.

4 9 enehye p`ea ijhutupb nuepjrtble eteu `jobc nerb sjperuc lbhlbve pjriuaeeh vjstbou`er eteu
mre` nerb lblb.

j.Bhnjas pjhluaureh ae`au`us

7 9 tbnea ene ae`au`us
5 9 enehye ae`au`us suprelbhlbve` yehl ij`ues sjnbabt (tbnea `jobc nerb 5ii)epbde` nerb tjpb
lbhlbve ojoes
? 9 enehye ae`au`us suprelbhlbve` neh suolbhlbve` eteu ae`au`us suolbhlbve` seke ne`ei kui`ec
sjnehl.
4 9 enehye pjhuipuaeh ae`au`us suprelbhlbve neh suolbhlbve yehl oehyea.