FHUN]HO UBOCHARFRHO

UHCH UH[JBO CBO@HO @HO@@RHO [J[SBL ABLHSNFN@J

CBO@RB AHBLN]]AH@JK DBTB] (CAD)

CJ[R[RO NFBA 7
HCB BPH UB]LHOH
OJL.2888;;38

UNFJSBIOJI IB[BAHSHO IBLBOIB[ UNOSJHOHI

U]N@]HL [SRCJ UBOCJCJIHO U]NDB[J OB][
SHARO 2528/2522
 FBLMH] UBO@B[HAHO
FHUN]HO UBOCHARFRHO
UHCH UH[JBO CBO@HO @HO@@RHO [J[SBL ABLHSNFN@J
CBO@RB AHBLN]]AH@JK DBTB] (CAD)

Sbfha lbochpht pbrsbtujuho chrj Ublmjlmjo` Hihcblji

(Kfjojkhf Sbhkabr) cho Ublmjlmjo` Ifjoji (Kfjojkhf
Jostrukturb). Sbfha cjsbtujuj phch 7
Ahrj 7
Sho``hf 7

Lbo`bthauj,

Ublmjlmjo` Hihcblji Ublmjlmjo` Ifjoji

 MHM J
INO[BU CH[H]
H. Ubo`brtjho
Cblhl cbo`ub/CD cho cblhl mbrchrha cbo`ub/CMC (cbo`ub ahblnrrah`jk
dbvbr/CAD) hchfha pboyhijt jodbisj yho` cjsbmhmiho nfba vjrus cbo`ub cbo`ho
lhojdbsthsj ifjojs cblhl, oybrj ntnt hthu oybrj sbocj
yho` cjsbrthj fbuinpbojh, ruhl, fjldhcbonphtj, trnlmnsjtnpbojh cho cjtbsjs

ablnrh`ji (Ourhrjd & Iusulh, 2582).

CAD hchfha pboyhijt yho` lboybrho` hohi cho nrho` cbwhsh

yho` cjsbmhm iho nba vjrus cbo`ho lhojdbsthsj mbruph cblhl hiut, pbrchrhaho, oybrj ntnt cho sbo
(Htrnpnc Mnro Tjrus) yho` hiut cjtufhriho nfba oyhlui Hbcbs Hb`yptj

hthu nfba Hbcbs Hbmnpjktus (Fbsthrj, 2584).

Mbrchshriho pbo`brtjho cjhths chpht cjsjlpufiho mhawh CAD

hchfha jodbisj yho` cjsbmhmiho nfba vjrus cbo`ub yho` cjtufhriho nfba
oyhlui Hbcbs Hb`yptj cbo`ho lhojdbsthsj ifjojs cblhl, oybrj ntnt hthu

oybrj sbocj yho` cjsbrthj fbuinpbojh, ruhl, fjldhcbonphtj, trnlmnsjtnpbojh

cho cjtbsjs ablnrh`ji.

M. Btjnfn`j
Tjrus cbo`ub tbrlhsui `bous Dfhvjrus, ibfuhr`h dfhvjrjchb
tbrchpht 3 sbrntjpb vjrus cbo`ho CBO-8, CBO-2, CBO-; cho CBO-3,
ibblphtoyh cjtbluiho cj Jocnobsjh cbo`ho cbo-; sbrntypb tbrmhoyhi.
Jodbisj shfha shtu sbrntjpb hiho lbojlmufiho hotjmncj tbrahchp
sbrntjpb yho` mbrsho`iutho (Ourhrjd & Iusulh, 2582).
K. Ifhsjdjihsj
Lbourut Fbsthrj (2584) CAD cj ifhsjdjihsjiho lbojhcj 7
8. Cbrhjht 8 7 Cblhl cjsbrthj cbo`ho `bjhfh ifjojs fhjo hthu
pbrchrhaho spnotho, ujj tnrojqubt pnsjtjd, trnlmnsjtnpbojh cho
ablninosbotrhsj
2. Cbrhjht 2 7 Cbrhjht 8 cjsbrthj cbo`ho pbrchrhaho spnotho cj iufjt
hthupuo pbrchrhaho fhjo
;. Cbrhjht ; 7 Ib`h`hfho sjriufhsj 7 ohcj kbpht cho fblha, ajpntbosj,
iufjt tbrhmh cjo`jo fblmhm, `bfjsha
 3. Cbrhjht 3 7 ]bojhtho mbrht cboyut ohcj cho tbihoho chrha tjchi chpht
cjuiur. Zho` cjsbrthj cbo`ho cbo`ub sanki sjocrnl
C. Shoch cho @bjhfh
8. @bjhfh hwhf tbrlhsui7
h. Ohdsu lhiho lbouruo
m. Cblhl
k. [hijt ibphfh
c. Oybrj sbocj hthu
ntnt b. Ubrhshho
shijt ulul
d. Luotha
2. @bjhfh dhsb hiut tbrlhsui ib`bfjshaho cjjiutj nfba7
h. Mbrkhi chrha cj mhwha iufjt
m. Mjotji-mjotji ibkjf chrha cj iufjt
k. ]uhl @bobrhfjzbc
c. Lblmuruioyh `bjhfh hwhf
;. Dhsb hiut tbrlhsui sbpbrtj sanki cjthochj cbo`ho7
h. Cjo`jo, fbo`ho cho ihij mbribrjo`ht
m. Mbribrjo`ht.
B. Inlpfjihsj
Lbourut Sjnirnprhwjrn (2582) inlpfjihsj Cblhl Mbrchrha
Cbo`ub (CMC) mjhshoyh mbraumuo`ho cbo`ho syni yho` mbrht cho
lblhojho`, pbrchrhaho mbrht. Ublmbrjho khjrho yho` mbrfbmjaho sbfhlh
dhsb ibmnknrho pfhslh bdusj lhsjd, yho` mbrujuo` phch `h`hf ohdhs,
chpht tbrjhcj `ho``uho bfbitrnfjt hthu lbthmnfji hthu ajpbr`fjibljh
D. Ublbrjishho Ubouojho`
Urjkb hoc Pjfsno (2584) mbrpbochpht, phch pblbrjishho
fhmnrhtnrjul phch phsjbo CAD cjchphtiho ahsjf 7
h. Ubouruoho julfha trnlmnsjt (onrlhfoyh 855.555/ll;).
m. Abln`fnmjo cho ablhtnirjt lbo`hfhlj pbojo`ihtho 25% chrj ojfhj
onrlhf.
k. Sbrjhcj pbouruoho fbuinsjt hthu chfhl mhths
onrlhf.Ubohthfhishohho Lbcjs
@. Ubohthfhishohho
Lbourut Lhroj, (2584 ) prjosjp pbohthfhishohho phch pboyhijt
CAD yhjtu sjlptnlhtjs cho supnrtjd.
8. Uboho`hoho pbrthlh phch pboyhijt joj cjhothrhoyh lblbouaj
ibmutuaho khjrho, yhjtu cbo`ho lblmbrjiho khjrho nrhf 8-2 fjtbr
pbr ahrj uotui lbo`hthsj cbajcrhsj cho rhsh ahus hijmht cblhl
tjo``j.
2. Uhsjbo yho` lbo`hfhlj cblhl chpht cjinlprbs cbo`ho hjr aho`ht.
[bfhjo jtu chpht cjmbrjiho hotjpjrbtji chrj `nfno`ho hsbthljondbo
(phrhsbthlnf) jho`ho mbrjiho hsbtnshf hthu jmuprndbo ihroh hiho
lbrho`sho` tbrjhcjoyh pbrchrhaho.
;. Cblhl tjo``j phch hohi hohi hiho lbo`hijmhtiho tbrjhcjoyh ibjho`.
Rotui lbo`hthsj ibjho`, chpht cjmbrjiho hotjininovufsj ljshfoyh
cjhzbphl, stbsnfjc, dbonmhrmjthf cho nmht inovufsj fhjooyh.
3. Gjih syni chfhl inocjsj mbrht/phrha lhih chpht cjhthsj hthu cjkb`ha
cbo`ho lblmbrjiho rbsujsthsj khjrho phrbotbrhf jodus 85-25 lf/i`
MM/ jhl.
2. Gjih tjchi hch pbrmhjiho ifjojs tbthpj ablhtnkrjt cho abln`fnmjo
lbouruo pbrtjlmho`iho uotui lblmbrj trhosdusb chrha, jjih
tbrchpht pbrmhjiho ifjojs (pbo`jsjho ihpjfbr cho pbrdusj pbrjdbr
lufhj lblmhji, tbihoho ohcj lbfbmhr) julfha khjrho cjiurho`j ajo``h
85 lf/i` MM/ jhl chfhl 23 jhl cho sbkhrh mbrthahp cjturuoiho
tjhp 3-4 jhl sbsuhj inocjsj ifjojs cho fhmnrhtnrjul.( Hrjhoj, 2584 )
 MHM JJJ
U]N[B[ IBUB]HPHSH
O
H. Ubo`ihjjho
8. Jcbotjths
h. Jcbotjths Uhsjbo
8) Ohlh
2) Rlur
;) Hfhlht
3) Ubocjcjiho
2) Ubibrjhho
4) Sho``hf lhsui
0) Cjh`onsh lbcjs
1) Onlnr rb`jstbr
m. Jcbotjths Uboho``uo`` jhwhm
8) Ohlh
2) Rlur
;) Hfhlht
3) Ubocjcjiho
2) Ubibrjhho
4) Aumuo`ho cbo`ho ifjbo
2. Ubo`ihjjho Dnius
Chth chshr, lbfjputj7
h. Unfh Outrjsj cho Lbthmnfji
@bjhfh 7 Ubouruoho ohdsu lhiho, luhf luotha, ahus, shijt shht
lbobfho.
Shoch 7 Luinsh lufut ibrjo`, pbrchrhaho `usj, fjcha intnr, oybrj
tbiho phch ufu ahtj.
m. Unfh bfjljohsj
Shoch 7 Inostjphsj, pbouruoho mbriblja, lbfboh, ablhturj, (thahp
fhojut).
k. Unfh hitjdjths cho Fhtjaho
Shoch 7 Cjspobh, pnfh ohdhs tjchi bdbitjd, ihrboh bdusj pfburh.
 c. Unfh jstjrhaht cho tjcur
@bjhfh 7 Ibfbfhaho, ibsufjtho tjcur, ihrboh cblhl/ phohs/
lbo``j`jf. Shoch 7 Ohcj kbpht cho fblha, cjspobh, sbshi ihrboh
bdusj pfburh, oybrj bpj`hstrji, oybrj ntnt/ sbocj.
b. Unfh pbrsbpsj sbosnrj cho in`ojtjd
@bjhfh 7 Oybrj ufu ahtj, oybrj ntnt/ sbocj, pb`hf-pb`hf sbfurua
tumua. Shoch 7 Kblhs cho `bfjsha.
d. [jriufhsj
@bjhfh 7 [hijt ibphfh/ pusjo`, `bfjsha
Shoch 7 Ohcj kbpht cho fblha, ajpntbosj, bistrbljths cjo`jo,
cjspobh, pbrchrhaho oyhth (iufjt bpjsthisjs, lbfboh ablhturj),
pbojo`ihtho ablhtnirjt 25% hthu fbmja, trnlmnsjt iurho` chrj
855.555/ll.
`. Ibhlhoho
@bjhfh 7 Hchoyh pbouruoho jluojths tumua, ihrboh ajpnprntbjobljh.
;. Ublbrjishho djsji
Ublbrjishho djsji lbfjputj
7
h. Ibhchho ulul phsjbo 7 fblha.
m. Ibshchrho 7 inlpnlbotjs, hphtjs, snlonfbo, snpnrnknlh, inlh
rbdfbis, sbosjmjfjths, ojfhj `hs`fnw knlh skhfb (@K[).
k. Shoch-thoch vjthf 7 tbihoho chrha (ajpntbosj), suau (lbojo`iht),
ohcj (thijihrcj), pbrohdhsho (kbpht).
c. Ibhchho 7 ibphfh (pusjo`), lhth, tbfjo`h, ajcuo` (bpjsthisjs), lufut
(luinsh ibrjo`, fjcha intnr, pbrchrhaho `usj), fbabr, rbitul, hfht
ibfhljo, ho``nth `brhi (cjo`jo), iufjt (ptbijb).
b. [jriufhsj 7 tur`nr (?; cbtji).
d. Hmcnlbo 7
Jospbisj 7 chthr
Uhfphsj 7 tbrhmh pblmbshrho phch
ahtj Ubriusj 7 muoyj tjlphoj
Husiufthsj 7 pbrjsthftji usus
3. Chth iausus, lbfjputj7
 h. Chth sumybitjd
Uhch phsjbo CAD chth sumybitjd yho` sbrjo` cjtbluiho hchfha 7
8) Fblha
2) Uhohs hthu cblhl
;) [hijt ibphfh
3) Honrbisjh (tjchi lhdsu lhiho, luhf, shijt shht lhiho)
2) Oybrj ufu ahtj
4) Oybrj phch ntnt cho sbocj
0) Ub`hf-pb`hf phch sbfurua tumua
1) Inostjphsj
m. Chth nmybitjd
Chth nmybitjd yho` cjjulphj phch pbocbrjth Cbo`ub Ahblnrh`jk
Dbvbr hchfha 7
8) [uau tjo``j, lbo``j`jf, whjha thlphi iblbrhaho
2) Luinsh ibrjo`, pbrchrhaho phch `usj, fjcha intnr
;) Shlphi mjotji lbrha phch iufjt (ptbijb) ujj tnurojiubt
pnsjtjd, bpjsthisjs, (pbrchrhaho phch ajcuo`), bijlnsjs,
ablhtnlh, ablhtblbsjs, lbfboh.
3) Oybrj tbiho phch bpj`hstrji
2) Uhch phfphsj tbrhmh hchoyh pblmbshrho ahtj cho fjldh
4) Uhch rbojhtho ohcj kbpht cho fblha, ajpntbosj, bistrjljths
cjo`jo, `bfjsha, sjhonsjs pbrjdbr, ohdhs cho`ihf.
M. Lhshfha Ibpbrhwhtho

8. Unfh ohdhs tjchi bdbitjd

2. Ajpnvnfbljh
;. Ajpbrtbrlj
3. Cbdjsjt outrjsj
2. Jotnfbrhosj hitjvjths
4. ]bsjin Ubrchrhaho
K. Jotbrvbosj Ibpbrhwhtho

Cjh`onsh
On Ibpbrhwhtho Sujuho Jotbrvbosj
; Unfh ohdhs tjchi [btbfha cjfhiuiho UBLHOSHRHO ]B[UJ]H[J
bdbitjd tjochiho ibpbrhwhtho ; (J.58583)
DEFINISI x. 23 jhl, lhih pnfh 8. Nmsbrvhsj
Jospjrhsj cho/hthu ohdhs tjchi bdbitjd Lnojtnr drbiubosj,
bispjrhsj yho` tjchi lboj`iht cbo`ho jrhlh, ibchfhlho, cho uphyh
lblmbrjiho vbotjfhsj irjtbrjh ahsjf 7 ohphs
hcbiuht. Ubo``uohho ntnt Lnojtnr pnfh ohphs
UBOZBMHM
mhotu ohdhs lbouruo (sbpbrtj mrhcjpobh,
Cbprbsj pusht Cjspobh lbouruo thijpobh,
pbrohphsho ajpbrvbotjfhsj, Iusslhuf,
Ublhojho`ho dhsb Kabyob-[tnibs, Mjnt, hthisji5
Ahlmhtho uphyh bispjrhsj lbouruo
ohphs (ljs. Oybrj Lnojtnr iblhlpuho
Drbiubosj mhtui bdbitjd
shht mbrohphs,
ohdhs lblmhji Lnojtnr hchoyh
ibfblhaho ntnt
Ibchfhlho ohdhs prncuisj sputul
pbrohphsho)
lblmhji Lnojtnr hchoyh
Cbdnrljths cjocjo`
chch sulmhtho jhfho ohphs
Uhfphsj ibsjlbtrjsho
Cbdnrljths tufho`
bisphosj phru
chch
Husiufthsj muoyj ohphs
@ho``uho oburn
Lnojtnr shturhsj
lusiufhr
nisj`bo
@ho``uho
Lnojtnr ojfhj H@C
oburnfn`js (ljs.
Bfbitrnbosbdhfn`rh Lnojtnr ahsjf
x- rhy tnrhis
l (BB@)
2. Sbrhpbutji
pnsjtjd, kbcbrh
Htur jotbrvhf whitu
ibphfh,
pblhothuho rbspjrhsj sbsuhj
`ho``uho ibjho`)
inocjsj phsjbo
Jlhturjths
Cniulbothsjiho ahsjf
oburnfn`js pblhothuho
Ubouruoho bobr`j ;. Bcuihsj
Nmbsjths Gbfhsiho tujuho cho
Unsjsj tumua yho` prnsbcur pblhothuho
lbo`ahlmht Jodnrlhsjiho ahsjf
bisphosj phru pblhothuho, jjih pbrfu
[jocrnl Lhohjblbo Ghfho Ohdhs (J. 58588)
ajpnvbotjfhsj 1. Nmsbrvhsj
Ibrushiho jobrvhsj Lnojtnr pnfh ohphs
cjhdrh`lh (drbiubosj, ibchfhlho, ushah
(ibrushiho shrhd ohphs)
K2 ib hths) Lnojtnr muoyj
Kbcbrh phch ohphs thlmhaho (ljs.
lbcuffh spjohfjs @ur`fjo`, lbo`j, wbbzjo`,
Bdbi h`bo rnoiaj ibrjo`)
dhrlhinfn`js Lnojtnr sputul
Ibkblhsho (julfha, whroh, hrnlh)
2. Sbrhpbutji
Ubrthahoiho ibphtboho
jhfho ohphs cbo`ho abhc-tjft cho
kajo-fjdt (jhw-tarust jjih kurj`h
trhulh kbrvjkhf)
Unsjsjiho sblj-

Dnwfbr hthu DnwfMbrbrjiho

ljoul aho`ht
 Fhiuiho djsjntbrhpj
chch, jjih pbrfu
Fhiuiho pbo`ajshpho
fbocjr iurho` chrj 82 cbtji
Fhiuiho
ajpbrnisj`bohsj sbmbful
Ubo`ajshpho
bocntrhibhf
Ibfuhriho sulmhtho
mboch phcht cbo`ho
dnrsbpLk@jff
Mbrjiho nisj`bo, jjih
pbrfu
;. Bcuihsj
Hojuriho hsupho
khjrho 2555 lf/ahrj, jjih tjchi
inotrhjocjihsj.
Hjhriho tbioji mhtui
bdbitjd
3. Infhmnrhsj
Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
mrnoincjfhtnr, bispbitnrho,
luinfjtji, jjih pbrfu.
2 Ajpnvnfbljh [btbfha cjmbrjiho H. LHOHGBLBO AJUNTNFBLJH (J
DEFINISI hsuaho ibpbrhwhtho .5;884)
Ubouruoho khjrho sbfhlh ; x 23 jhl 8. Nmsbrvhsj
jotrhvhsiufbr, cjahrhpiho sthtus Ubrjish thoch cho
jotbrstjsjhf, cho/hthu khjrho lblmhji `bjhfh
jotrhsbfufbr cbo`ho irjtbrjh ahsjf 7 ajpnvnfbljh (ljs.
UENZEMHM Ibiuhtho ohcj drbiubosj ohcj
Ibajfho`ho khjrho lbojo`iht lbojo`iht, ohcj tbrhmh
hitjd Sur`nr iufjt fblha, tbihoho chrha
Ib`h`hfho lblmhji lbouruo, tbihoho ohcj
lbihojslb Nutput urjob lboyblpjt,tur`nr iufjt
rb`ufhsj lbojo`iht lbouruo, lblmrhob
Ubojo`ihtho Sbihoho chrha luinsh ibrjo`, vnfulb
pbrlbhmjfjths urjob lbouruo,
ihpjfbr cLhbfhllmrmhhot ablhtnirjt lbojo`iht,
Ibiurho`ho jothib hbs olnrulihnfsh ahus cho fblha)
khjrho Lnojtnr jothib cho
lblmhji nutput khjrho
Bvhpnrhsj
2. Sbrhpbutji
Ajtuo` ibmutuaho
khjrho
Mbrjiho pnsjsj
lncjdjbc trbocbfbomur`
Mbrjiho hsupho khjrho
nrhf
;. Bcuihsj
Hojuriho
lblpbrmhoyhi hsupho
khjrho nrhf

Hojuriho lbo`ajochrj
 pbrumhaho pnsjsj
lbochchi
3. Infhmnrhsj
Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
khjrho JT jssntnojs
(ljs. khjrho OhKf, ]F)
Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
khjrho JT ajpntnojs
(ljs. `fuinsh 2,2%,
OhKf 5,3%)
Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
khjrho infnjc (ljs.
hfmuljo, pfhslhohtb)
Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
prncui chrha
M.
UBLHOHSHRHO KHJ]HO (J.5;828)
8. Nmsbrvhsj
Lnojtnr drbiubosj cho
ibiuhtho ohcj
Lnojtnr drbiubosj
ohdhs
Lnojtnr tbihoho chrha
Lnojtnr mbrht mhcho
Lnojtnr whitu
pbo`jsjho ihpjfbr
Lnojtnr bfhstjsjths hthu
tur`nr iufjt
Lnojtnr julfha, whitu
cho mbrht jbojs urjob
Lnojtnr ihchr hfmuljo
cho prntbjo tnthf
Lnojtnr ahsjf
pblbrjishho sbrul
(ljs. Nslnfhrjths
sbrul, ablhtnkrjt,
ohtrjul, ihfjul, MRO)
Jcbotjdjihsj thoch-
thoch ajpnvnfbljh (ljs
. Drbiubosj ohcj
lbojo`iht, ohcj tbrhmh
fblha, tbihoho chrha
lbouruo, tbihoho ohcj
lboyblpjt, tur`nr
iufjt lbouruo,
lblmrhob luinsh
ibrjo`, vnfulb urjob
lbouruo, ablhtnkrjt
lbojo`iht, ahus,
fblha, inosbotrhsj
urjob lbojo`iht, mbrht

wm hcihtou
sljob`oiuhrtu) o chfhl
 Jcbotjdjihsj thoch-
thoch aypbrvnfbljh
ljs. Cyspobh, bcblh
pbrjdbr, bcblh
hohshrih, GTU
lbojo`iht, KTU
lbojo`iht,
rbdfbis
abphtnjn`ufhr pnsjtjd,
mbrht mhcho lbouruo
chfhl whitu sjo`iht)
Jcbotjdjihsj dhktnr
rbsjin
ibtjchisbjlmho`ho
khjrho (ljs. Urnsbcur
pblmbchaho lhynr,
trhulh/pbrchrhaho,
fuih mhihr,
hpabrbsjs, nmstruisj
jotbstjohf,
pbrhcho`ho phoirbhs,
pboyhijt `jojhf cho
ibfbojhr,
cjsduo`sj
jotbstjohf)
2. Sbrhpbutji
Htur jotbrvhf whitu
pblhothuho sbsuhj
cbo`ho inocjsj phsjbo
Cniulbothsj ahsjf
pblhothuho
;. Bcuihsj
Gbfhsiho tujuho cho
prnsbcur pblhothuho
Jodnrlhsjiho ahsjf
pblhothuho, jjih pbrfu

; Ajpbrtbrlj [btbfha cjmbrjiho LHOHGBLBO AJUB]SB]LJH

DEFINISI hsuaho ibpbrhwhtho (J.82254)
[uau tumua lbojo`iht sbfhlh ; x 23 jhl 8. Nmsbrvhsj
cjhths rbotho` onrlhf cjahrhpiho ajpbrtbrljh Jcbotjdihsj pboybmhm
tumua tbrhthsj cbo`ho irjtbrjh ajpbrtbrlj (ljs. cbajcrhsj
UENZEMHM ahsjf 7 tbrphphr fjo`iuo`ho phohs
Cbajcrhsj Lbo``j`jf lbouruo pbo``uohho jokumhtnr)
Sbrphphr [uau iufjt chfhl Lnojtnr suau tumua
fjo`iuo`ho phohs mhths onrlhf Lnojtnr ihchr
Urnsbs pboyhijt [uau tumua chfhl bfbitrnfjt
(ljs. jodbisj, mhths onrlhf Lnojtnr ahfuhrho urjob
ihoibr) 2. Sbrhpbutji
Ibtjchisbsuhjho [bcjhiho fjo`iuo`ho
phihjho yho` cjo`jo
cbo`ho tumua Fno``hriho hthu
Ubojo`ihtho fhju fbphsiho phihjho
lbthmnfjslb Mhshaj cho ijphsj
]bspno trhulh pbrluihho tumua
Hitjvjths Mbrjiho khjrho nrhf
mbrfbmjaho @hotj fjobo sbtjhp ahrj
Ubo``uohho hthu fbmja sbrjo` jjih lbo`hfhlj
jokumhtnr ajpbrajcrnsjs (ibrjo`ht mbrfbmja)
Fhiuiho pbocjo`joho
bistbrohf (ljs. sbfjlut
ajpntbrljh hthu inlprbs cjo`jo
phch chaj,
hmcnlbo,hisjfh) fbabr, chch,
Ajochrj pblmbrjho
hotjpjrbtji hthu hspjrjo
Mhthsj nisj`bo, jika
perlu
;. Bcuihsj
Hojuriho tjrha mhrjo`
3. Infhmnrhsj
Infhmnrhsj khjrho cho
bfbitrnfjt jotrhvboh, jjih pbrfu
]B@RFH[J SBLUB]HSR] (J.83201)
1. Nmsbrvhsj
Lnojtnr suau mhyj
shlphj sthmjf ( ;4.2 K -;0.2 K)
Lnojtnr suau tumua
hohi tjhp 2 jhl, jjih pbrfu
Lnojtnr tbihoho chrha,
drbiubosj pbrohphsho cho ohcj
Lnojtnr whroh cho
suau iufjt
Lnojtnr cho khtht
thoch cho `bjhfh ajpntbrljh cho
ajpbrtbrljh
2. Sbrhpbutji
Uhsho` hfht pblhothu
suau inotjou, jjih pbrfu
Sjo`ihtiho hsupho
khjrho cho outrjsj yho` hcbiuht
Mbcno` mhyj sb`brh
sbtbfha fhajr, uotui lbokb`ha
ibajfho`ho phohs
Lhsuiiho mhyj MMF]
ib chfhl pfhstjk sb`brh sbtbfha
fhajr ( ljs. mhaho pnfybtayfbob,
pnfy urbtahob)
@uohiho tnpj mhyj
uotui lblkb`ha ibajfho`ho
phohs phch mhyj mhru fhajr
Sblphtiho mhyj mhru
fhajr cj mhwha rhcjhot whrlbr
Ubrthahoiho
ibfblmhmho jokumhtnr 25 %
hthu fbmja uotui
lbo`urho`j

ibvbahpjfnhroh`shj o phohs Ihrboh prnsbs

 Htur suau jokumhtnr
sbsuhj ibmutuaho
Aho`htiho
tbrfbmja chaufu maho-
mhaho yho` hiho inothi cbo`ho
mhyj (ljs.
sbbfjlut,ihjo
mbcno`ho,stbtnsinp)

mhyj cj Ajochrj
cbiht jbocbfhlbfbthiiho
tbrmuih
hthu cj hrbh hfjrho pbocjo`jo
ruho`ho hthu ijphs ho`jo
@uohiho lhtrhs
pbo`aho`ht, sbfjlut aho`ht cho
pbo`aho`ht ruho`ho, uotui
lbohjiiho suau tumua, jjih
pbrfu
@uohiho ihsur
pbocjo`jo, whtbr kjrkufhtjo`
mfhoibt, jkb phki hthu jbffphc
cho jotrhvhskufhr knnfjo`
khtabrjzhtjno uotui lbouruoiho
suau
[bsuhjiho suau
fjo`iuo`ho cbo`ho ibmutuaho
phsjbo
;. Bcuihsj
Gbfhsiho khrh
pbokb`haho abht bxahustjno,abht
strnib
Gbfhsiho khrh
pbokb`haho ajpntbrlj ihrboh
tbrphphr uchrh cjo`jo
Cblnostrhsjiho tbioji
pbrhwhtho lbtncb iho``uru
(ULI) uotui mhyj MMF]
3. Infhmnrhsj
Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
hotjpjrbtji jjih pbrfu

3 Cbdjsjt outrjsj [btbfha cjfhiuiho 8. LHOHGBLBO ORS]J[J (J.

DEFINISI hsuaho ibpbrhwhtho 5;889)
Hsupho outrjsj tjchi sbfhlh ; x 23 jhl 8. Nmservasi
kuiup uotui cjahrhpiho ibmutuaho Jcbotjdjihsj sthtus
lblbouaj ibmutuaho outrjsj tbrpbouaj outrjsj
lbthmnfjslb. cbo`ho irjtbrjh ahsjf 7 Jcbotjdjihsj hfbr`j cho
UENZEMHM Unrsj lhihoho yho` jotnfbrhosj lhihoho
Ibtjchilhlpuho cjahmjsiho Jcbotjdjihsj lhihoho
lbobfho lhihoho lbojo`iht yho` cjsuihj
Ibtjchilhlpuho Drbiubosj lhiho Jcbotjdjihsj ibmutuaho
lbokbroh lhihoho lbojo`iht ihfnrj cho jbojs
Ibtjchilhlpuho Sjchi tbrjhcj outrjbot

lbo`hmsnrmsj pbouruoho mbrht Jcbotjdjihsj pbrfuoyh

outrjbo mhcho pbo``uohho sbfho`
Ubojo`ihtho JLS chfhl mhths ohsn`hstrji
ibmutuaho onrlhf Lnojtnr hsupho
lbthmnfjslb lhihoho
Dhitnr binonlj Lnojtnr mbrht mhcho
(ljs. djohosjhf Lnojtnr ahsjf
tjchi lbokuiupj) pblbrjishho
Dhitnr fhmnrhtnrjul
2. Serapeutik
psjinfn`js (ljs. Fhiuiho nrhf ay`jbob
strbs,
sbmbful lhiho, jjih
ibbo``hoho uotui
pbrfu
lhiho)
Dhsjfjthsj lbobotuiho
pbcnlho cjbt (ljs.
Ujrhljch lhihoho)
[hjjiho lhihoho
sbkhrh lbohrji cho
suau yho` sbsuhj
Mbrjiho lhiho tjo``j
sbrht uotui lbokb`ha
inostjphsj
Mbrjiho lhihoho
tjo``j ihfnrj cho tjo``j
prntbjo
Mbrjiho supfblbo
lhihoho, jjih pbrfu
Abotjiho pblmbrjho
lhiho lbfhfuj sbfho`
ohsj`hstrji jjih hsupho
nrhf chpht cjtnfbrhosj
;. Bcukasi
Hojuriho pnsjsj cucui,
jjih lhlpu
Hjhriho cjbt yho`
cjprn`rhliho
3. Inlamnrasi
Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
lbcjihsj sbmbful
lhiho (ljs. Ubrbch
oybrj, hotjblbtji), jjih
pbrfu
Infhmnrhsj cbo`ho hafj
`jzj uotui lbobotuiho
julfha ihfnrj cho jbojs
outrjbot yho`
cjmutuaiho, jjih pbrfR
2. U]NLN[J MB]HS MHCHO
8. Nmservasi
Jcbotjdjihsj
ibluo`ijoho
pboybmhm MM iurho`

Lchnooljtunrothachoy
h luhf
 Lnojtnr julfha
ihfnrjlyho`
cjinlsulsj sbahrj-ahrj
Lnojtnr mbrht mhcho
Lnojtnr hfmuljo,
fjldnsjt, cho bfbitrnfjt
sbrul
2. Serapeutik
Mbrjiho pbrhwhtho
lufut

sbmbful pblmbrjho
lhiho, jjih pbrfu
[bcjhiho lhiho yho`
tbpht sbsuhj inocjsj
phsjbo( ljs. Lhihoho
cbo`ho tbistur ahfus,
lhihoho yho`
cjmfhocbr, lhihoho
khjr yho` cjmbrjiho
lbfhfuj O@S hthu
@hstrnstnlj, tnthf
pbrbotbrhf outrjtjtjno
sbsuj jocjihsj)
Ajcho`iho lhiho
sbkhrh lbohrji
Mbrjiho supfblbo, jjih
pbrfu
Mbrjiho pujjho phch
phsjbo hthu ibfuhr`h
uotui pbojo`ihtho
yho` cjkhphj
;. Bcukasi
Gbfhsiho jbojs lhihoho
yho` mbr`jzj tjo``j,
ohluotbthp tbrjho`ihu
Gbfhsiho
pbojo`ihtho
hsupho ihfnrj yho`
cjmutuaiho

2 Jotnfbrhosj hitjvjths [btbfha cjfhiuiho LHOHGBLBO BOB]@J (J. 52801)

DEFINISI hsuaho ibpbrhwhtho 8. Nmsbrvhsj
Ibtjchikuiupho bobr`j sbfhlh ; x 23 jhl Jcbotjdihsj `ho``uho
uotui lbfhiuiho cjahrhpiho tnfbrhosj duo`sj tumua yho`
hitjvjths sbahrj-ahrj hitjvjths lbojo`iht lbo`hijmhtiho ibfbfhaho
UENZEMHM cbo`ho irjtbrjh ahsjf 7 Lnojtnr ibfbfhaho
Ibtjchi Drbiubosj ohcj djsji cho blnsjnohf
sbjlmho`ho hothrh lblmhji Lnojtnr pnfh cho jhl
supfhj cho Ibfuaho fbfha tjcur
ibmutuaho nisj`bo lbouruo Lnojtnr fnihsj cho
Sjrha mhrjo` Cjspobh tjchi tbrjhcj ibtjchioyhlhoho sbfhlh
Ibfblhaho lbfhiuiho hitjvjths
Jlnmjfjths 2. Sbrhpbutji
@hyh ajcup [bcjhiho fjo`iuo`ho
lnontno oyhlho cho rbocha stjlufus
(ljs. khahyh, suhrh,
iuojuo`ho)
Fhiuiho rbotho` `brhi
phsjd cho/hthu hitjd
Mbrjiho

hitjvjths cjstrhisj yho`

lboyboho`iho
Dhsjfjths cucui cj sjsj
tblpht tjcur, jjih tjchi chpht
mbrpjocha hthu mbrjhfho
;. Bcuihsj
Hojuriho tjrha mhrjo`
Hojuriho lbfhiuiho
hitjvjths sbkhrh mbrthahp
Hojuriho
lbo`aumuo`j pbrhwht jjih thoch
cho `bjhfh ibfbfhaho tjchi
mbriurho`
Hjhriho strhtb`j inpjo`
uotui lbo`urho`j ibfbfhaho
3. Infhmnrhsj
Infhmnrhsj cbo`ho hafj
`jzj tbotho` khrh lbojo`ihtiho
hsupho lhihoho
M. SB]HUJ HISJTJSH[ (J.52814)
8. Nmsbrvhsj
Jcbotjdjihsj cbdjkjt
tjo`iht hitjvjths
Jcbotjdjihsj
iblhlpuho mbrphrtjsjphsj chfhl
hitjvnths tbrtbotu
Jcbotjdjihsj sulmbr
chyh uotui hitjvjths yho`
cjjo`joiho
Jcbotjdjihsj strhtb`j
lbojo`ihtiho phrtjsjphsj chfhl
hitjvjths
Jcbotjdjihsj lhioh
hitjvjths rutjo (ljs. mbibrjh)
cho whitu fuho`
Lnojtnr rbspno
blnsjnohf, djsji, snkjhf, cho
spjrjtuhf tbrahchp hitjvjths
2. Sbrhpbutji
Dhsjfjthsj dnkus phch
iblhlpuho, muiho cbdjkjt yho`
cjhfhlj
[bphihtj inljtlbo
uotui lbojo`ihtiho drbiubosj
chorbotho` hitjvjths
Dhsjfjthsj lbljfja

hitjvjths ycho`
it bntohpsjisht b o stubjsuhoj
iblhlpuho djsji,
psjinfn`js, cho
snkjhf
Innrcjohsjiho
pbljfjaho hitjvjths sbsuhj usjh
Dhsjfjthsj lhioh
hitjvjths yho` cjpjfja
Dhsjfjthsj trhospnrthsj
uotui lbo`ahcjrj hitjvjths, jjih
sbsuhj
Dhsjfjthsj phsjbo
cho ibfuhr`h chfhl
lboybsuhjiho fjo`iuo`ho uotui
lbo`hinlnchsjiho hitjvjths
yho` cjpjfja
Dhsjfjthsj hitjvjths
djsji rutjo (ljs. hlmufhosj,
lnmjfjshsj, cho pbrhwhtho cjrj),
sbsuhj ibmutuaho
Dhsjfjthsj

hitjvjths pbo``hotj shht

lbo`hfhlj ibtbrmhthsho whitu,
bobr`y, hthu
`brhi
Dhsjfjthsj hivjths
lntnrji ihshr uotui phsjbo
ajpbrhitjd
Sjo`ihtiho hitjvjths
djsji uotui lblbfjahrh mbrht
mhcho, jjih sbsuhj
Dhsjfjthsj hitjvjths
lntnrji uotui lbrbfhishsj ntnt
Dhsjfjthsj

hitjvjths cbo`ho inlpnobo

lblnrj jlpfjkjt cho blnsjnohf
(ljs. ib`jtho ibh`hlhho iausu)
uotui phsjbo cjlbosjh, jjih
sbshuj
Fjmhtiho chfhl
pbrlhjhoho ibfnlpni yho`
tjchi inlpbtjtjd, tbrstruitur,
cho hitjd
Sjo`ihtiho
ibtbrfjmhtho chfhl
hitjvnthsrbirbhsj cho
cjvbrsjdjihsj uotui lbouruoiho
ibkblhsho ( ljs. vnkhf `rnup,
mnfh vnfj, tbojs lbjh, jn``jo`,
mbrboho`, tu`hs sbcbrahoh,
pbrlhjhoho sbcbrahoh, tu`hs
rutjo, tu`hs rulha tho``h,
pbrhwhtho cjrj, cho tbih-tbij cho
ihrt)
Fjmhtiho ibfhr`h chfhl

hitjvjths, Djjhishjfpjtbhrsfju
 lbo`blmhoiho lntjvhsj cho
pbo`uhtho cjrj
Dhsjfjthsj phsjbo cho
ibfuhr`h lblhothu
iblhjuhooyh sbocjrj uotui
lbokhphj tujuho
Ghcwhfiho hitjvjths
chfhl rutjojths sbahrj-ahrj
Mbrjiho pbo`uhtho
pnsjtdj hths phrtjsjphsj chfhl
hitjvjths
;. Bcuihsj
Gbfhsiho lbtncb
hitjvjths djsji sbahrj-ahrj, jjih
pbrfu
Hjhriho khrh
lbfhiuiho hitjvjths yho` cjpjfja
Hojuriho lbfhiuiho
hitjvjths djsji, snkjhf, spjrjtuhf,
cho in`ojtjd, chfhl lbojh`h
duo`sj cho ibsbahtho
Hojurih tbrfjmht chfhl
hitjvjths ibfnlpni hthu tbrhpj,
jjih sbsuhj
Hojuriho ibfuhr`h
uotui lblmbr pbo`uhtho pnsjtjd
hths phrtjsjphsj chfhl hitjvjths
3. Infhmnrhsj
Infhmnrhsj cbo`ho
tbrhpj niuphsj chfhl
lbrbokhohiho cho lblnojtnr
prn`rhl hitjvjths, jjih sbsuhj
]ujui phch pusht hthu
prn`rhl hitjvjths inluojths,
jjih pbrfu

4 ]bsjin pbrchrhaho [btbfha cjfhiuiho  Nmsbrvhsj

Dbdjojsj hsuaho ibpbrhwhtho  Lnojtnr thoch cho
Mbrjsjin lbo`hfhlj sbfhlh ; x 23 jhl `bjhfh pbrchrhaho
ibajfho`ho chrha mhji cjahrhpiho Lnojtnr ojfhj
jotbrohf ( tbrjhcj cj pbrchrhaho tjchi ablhtnirjt/anln`fnmjo
chfhl tumua )lhupuo tbrjhcj cbo`ho irjtbrjh sbmbful cho sbtbfha
bistbrohf ( tbrjhcj ahsjf 7 ibajfho`ho chrha
ajo``h ibfuhr tumua ) Ibfblmhpho  Lnojtnr thoch-thoch
Fhitnr ]jsjin lblmrhob lblmhji vjthf nrtnsthtji
Hoburjslh Ihchr  Lnojtnr inh`ufhsj
@ho``uho (ljs. Urntanlmjo tjlb
`hstrnjotbstjohf abln`fnmjo lblmhji (SL), phrtjhf
(ljs. ufius Ihchr tarnlmnpfhstjo tjlb
fhlmuo`,pnfjp,vhrj (USS), djmrjon`bo,
sbs ) ablhtnirjt lblmhji cb`rhcsj djmrjo cho
@ho``uho duo`sj hthu pfhtbfbt)
 ahtj ( ljs. sjrnsjs  Sbrhpbutji
abphtjs )  Ubrthahoiho mbc rbst
Inlpfjihsj sbfhlh pbrchrhaho
ibahljfho (ljs.  Mhthsj tjochiho
ibtumho pbkha jovhsjd, jjih pbrfu
sbmbful whituoyh,  @uohiho ihsur
pfhsboth prbvjh pbokb`ha cjiumjtus
hthu


hmrupsjn,ibahljfho Ajochrj pbo`uiurho

suau rbithf
iblmhr )  Bcuihsj
Inlpfjihsj phskh  Gbfhsiho thoch cho
phrtul (ljs htnoj `bjhfh pbrchrhaho
utbrus, rbtbosj  Hojuriho lbo`uohiho
pfhsboth ) ihus ihij shht
@ho``uho hlmufhsj
inh`ufhsj ( ljs.  Hojuriho
trnlmnssjtnpbojh ) lbojo`ihtiho hsupho
H`bo dhrlhinfn`js khjrho uotui
Sjochiho lbo`ajochrj inostjphsj
pblmbchaho  Hojuriho lbo`ajochrj
Srhulh hspjrjo hthu
hotjinh`ufho
Ijoudnrhrlol`hsj
tbtbr opt 
Hojuriho
hpoh`r
pbokb`haho lbojo`ihtiho hsupho
pblmbchaho lhiho cho vjthljo I
Urnsbs ib`hohsho  Hojriho sb`brh
lbfhpnr jjih tbrjhcj
pbrchrhaho
 Infhmnrhsj
 Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
nmht cho lbo`notrnf
pbrchraho, jjih pbrfu
 Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
prncni chrha, jjih
pbrfu
 Infhmnrhsj pblmbrjho
pbfuohi tjojh, jjih
pbrfu

C. Hpfjihsj Ubljijrho Irjtjs

Cblhl mbrchrha chpht lbo`hokhl ibajcupho, julfha trnlmnsjt
yho` rbocha shfha shtu chrj `bjhfh uthlh CMC hchfha lbouruooyh julfha
trnlmnsjt chrha sbkhrh lbochchi. Ho`ih trnlmnsjt cj mhwha onrlhf
825.555, pbrfu pbrhwhtho fbmja jotbos cho cjmbrjiho trnlmnsjt thlmhaho
lbo``uohiho jhrul jotrh vboh.
 Lbojo`ihtiho ihchr trnlmnsjt chpht lbo``uohiho nmht-nmhtho
hrlhinfn`j mbruph jodus (rjo`br fhitht, `bfhdushf, hljonfbmho), Jojbisj
rhojtjcjo, lbtjfprbcojsjfno, nlbprhznfb, hshl trhobishlht), cho Ubo`nmhtho
ono dhrlhinfn`j. [hfha shtu pbo`nmhtho ono dhrlhinfn`j yho` cj`uohiho
hchfha pblmbrjho jus muhamuhaho mbruph jhlmu mjjj lbrha, iurlh, pbphyh,
lbojrho, iuoyjt, tblu ajthl cho ho`ihi. Muha jhlmu mjjj lbljfjij
ihocuo`ho vjthljo K yho` jo``j, sbmbshr 221,; l` pbr 855 `rhl ch`jo`
muhaoyh (R[CH, 2580).
Tjthljo K chpht lbokb`ha hiulufhsj UHD-fjib fjpjcs (pfhtbfbt fjih
dhktnr), cabsj fbinsjt phch cjocjo` pblmufua chrha cho pblmbotuiho
h`rb`ht pfhtbfbt fbuinsjt, sbrth lbojo`ihtiho prncuisj sjtnijo prnjodfhlhsj.
Ahf joj tbfha cjmuitjiho cbo`ho ahsjf pbobfjtjho chrj
]hahyuojo`rul bt hf. (2589) cjchphtiho ojfhj rbrhth ihchr trnlmnsjt phch
ibfnlpni inotrnf
801.422 lkF, sbcho`iho phch ibfnlpni jotbrvbosj ;58.822 lkF. Chrj ahf
tbrsbmut chpht cjsjlpufiho mhawh pblmbrjho inosulsj muha jhlmu mjjj chpht
lbojo`ihtiho ihchr trnlmnsjt phch phsjbo CAD.

j. (UUOJ, 2580, 2581m, 2581h)

 CHDSH] UR[SHIH

Fbsthrj, S. (2584). Hsuaho Ibpbrhwhtho Hohi (8st bc.). Ouah Lbcjih.

Ourhrjd, H. A., & Iusulh, A. (2582). Hpfjihsj Hsuaho Ibpbrhwhtho Mbrchshriho
Cjhonsh Lbcjs & Ohoch OJK-ONK (;rc bc.). Lbcjhktjno.
UUOJ. (2580). [thochr Cjh`onsjs Ibpbrhwhtho Jocnobsjh (8st bc.). CUU UUOJ.
UUOJ. (2581h). [thochr Jotbrvbosj Ibpbrhwhtho Jocnobsjh (2oc bc.). CUU UUOJ.
UUOJ. (2581m). [thochr Fuhrho Ibpbrhwhtho Jocnobsjh (2oc bc.). CUU UUOJ.
]hahyuojo`rul, C. K., Lnrjih, A. C., & Uhcho`, [. [. (2589). UBO@H]RA
IN[RL[J GR[ GHLMR MJGJ LB]HA SB]AHCHU UBOJO@IHSHO
IHCH] S]NLMN[JS UHCH UH[JBO CBLHL MB]CH]HA CBO@RB
(CMC) BDDBKS[. Gurohf Ibsbahtho [hjotjih Lbcjtnry, 2(8).
Sjnirnprhwjrn, H. (2582). Muiu Hjhr Jflu Uboyhijt Chfhl (2oc bc.). Hjrfho``h
Rojvbrsjty Urbss.
Fhlpjrho
Gurohf Hpfjihsj Ubljijrho Irjtjs