Author: Ivy G. Hontalba School/Station: Libertad NHS Division: Butuan City Email Address: Ivy - Hontalba001@deped - Gov.ph

Science – Grade 9
Learner Activity Sheets

Quarter 1 – Week 6
First Edition, 2021
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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba
Regional Level Validators:
Edna E. Trinidad
Christopher Christian S. Braza
Lanelyn C. Alonsagay
AR A. Ranesis
Lydia F. Lavares
Jomel C. Montero
Cristina G. Ballesteros
Analou T. Demetria
Amelita B. Ajoc
Division Level Validators:
Jean B. Ramirez
Elvira D. Falcon
Josie G. Gemida
Ivy G. Hontalba
Anni Grace C. Macalalag
Luna C. Munda
Glen B. Pacot
Delia C. Pioco
KC M. Reyna
Julie Ann P. Requirme
Stephen Laurence C. Rosales
Nanette L. Samson
Management Team:
Marilou B. Dedumo, Ph.D., CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel O. Caberte, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Maria Dinah D. Abalos, Ph.D., CID Chief
Donald D. Orbillos, LR Manager
Jean B. Ramirez, Science Education Program Supervisor

School/Station: Libertad NHS
Division: Butuan City
Email Address: ivy.hontalba001@deped.gov.ph
WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 9, Quarter 1, Week 6
UNDERSTANDING PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Name: _______________________________________ Section: __________
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):

Differentiate basic features and the importance of photosynthesis and respiration (S9LT-
lg-j-31).
Learning Objectives:
The learners shall be able to:
1. identify cell structure and function involved in the food-making process;
2. identify the raw materials and end products of photosynthesis;
3. investigate evidences that plants are really capable of food making;
4. describe the phases involved in photosynthesis; and
5. analyze the importance of photosynthesis on the quality and quantity of
harvest.
Time Allotment: 4 hours
Key Concepts
• Photosynthesis is a process of food making done by plants and other autotrophic
organisms.
• The energy that comes from the sun is called light energy. It travels as wave and is
described in terms of its energy content and its wavelength. It comes as discrete packets
called photons. The component of light energy that is important to photosynthesis is the
visible light. Visible light is a white light.
• Plants have green pigments called chlorophyll stored in the chloroplast. This pigment aids
in capturing light energy from the sun that enables plants to change it into chemical energy
stored in the food. The summary equation for photosynthesis is as follows.
Raw Materials Products

• This means that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are
converted by light energy captured by chlorophyll (implied by the arrow) into a sugar
molecule (glucose) and six oxygen molecules, the products.
• In a process driven by light energy, glucose molecules (or other sugars) are formed from
water and carbon dioxide, and oxygen is released as a byproduct.
• In plants, photosynthesis primarily takes place in the leaves and little or none in stems
depending on the presence of chlorophyll. The typical parts of the leaves include the upper
and lower epidermis, mesophyll spongy layer, vascular bundles, and stomates. The upper
and lower epidermis protects the leaves and has nothing to do with photosynthetic
processes. Mesophyll has the most number of chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. They

are important in trapping light energy from the sun. Vascular bundles - phloem and xylem
serve as transporting vessels of manufactured food and water. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
were collected in the spongy layer and enters and exits the leaf through the stomata.
Figure 1. Internal Structure of the Leaf

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/scientificgreenmachine/microscopic-level/
structure-of-a-leaf---internal-external
• Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into chemical energy via the
photosynthetic process.
• The parts of a chloroplast include the outer and inner membranes, intermembrane
space, stroma and thylakoids stacked in grana. The chlorophyll is built into the
membranes of the thylakoids.
Figure 2. Chloroplast
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/
29-photosynthesis/chloroplasts.html

• At the lower epidermis, you will see some openings. Each opening is called stoma (stomata).
This is where carbon dioxide enters, and oxygen passes out.
Figure 3. Stomata
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ajc1/8642458098/
• A chemical test for starch is to add iodine solution (an indicator) and look for a color
change. In the presence of starch, iodine turns a blue/black color. No change in color
indicates absence of starch.
The Light-Dependent Reaction
• Light-dependent reaction is the first phase of photosynthesis which requires light,

chlorophyll and water. It happens in the presence of light, occurs in the thylakoid
membrane and converts light energy to chemical energy.
• Light reaction involves three major interrelated events:
1) Chlorophyll photoactivation. This is accomplished when light energy is absorbed by
chlorophyll molecules resulting in the release of energized electrons. We may represent
this event by the formula diagram:
Chl + light energy → Chl+ + e-

chlorophyll energized electron
2) Photolysis. The energy of electrons from chlorophyll molecules is used to separate water
molecules into charged particles or ions, namely, hydrogen ions and electrons. Oxygen
is released as a by-product. Using two molecules of water, photolysis may be represented
as follows:
Water hydrogen ions + electrons + oxygen gas

2 H2O 4 (H+) 4 e- O2
Take note that oxygen released by plants is produced during the light reaction of
photosynthesis.
3) Photophosphorylation. The hydrogen ions, one of the products of photolysis, become
attached to a certain compound in the chloroplast which we represent simply with the
abbreviation NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate). By combining with
the hydrogen ions from water and the energized electrons from chlorophyll, NADP
becomes NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen) as shown
below:

2 NADP + 2H+ + 2 e- → 2 NADPH
hydrogen ions energized
from water electrons from
chlorophyll
Parts of the energy of the electrons of chlorophyll is used to form a compound rich in
potential energy. It is a compound which contains the element phosphorus and
abbreviated as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Since the production of ATP uses energy
absorbed by chlorophyll from light, the process is called photophosphorylation.
• The products of light-dependent reactions are oxygen gas (O2), ATP and NADPH. Both
NADPH and ATP are rich in potential energy. They are the source of energy used during the
dark reaction of photosynthesis.
Light- Independent Reaction
• Calvin Cycle (dark reaction) is a light-independent phase that takes place in the stroma
and converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into sugar. This phase does not directly need light but
needs the products of light reaction. This is why it occurs immediately after the light-
dependent phase. ATP and NADPH are high-energy molecules. The energy could be
harnessed in making food out of carbon dioxide.
• How do plants fix carbon dioxide into food? First carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the
stomata. It goes into the mesophyll layers and moves to the stroma of the chloroplast. Here,
carbon dioxide collides with 5- carbon compound called ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate (RUBP)
to yield 6-carbon-containing sugar. The process is catalyzed by RUBP carboxylase.
• The 6-carbon compound is broken into two molecules of 3-carbon sugar,

phosphoglycerate (PGA). This requires two molecules of ATP.
• The 2 molecules of PGA are converted into 2 molecules of phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL),

a 3-carbon compound. PGAL is the first stable product of photosynthesis. It needs 2
molecules of NADPH.
• RUBP is regenerated from PGAL for the process to continue. A molecule of ATP is
needed for the regeneration process.

• The process occurs in a cyclic manner as shown in Figure 4. Since the first stable
product is composed of 3 carbon atoms, it is called C3 Cycle. Melvin Calvin unlocked this
process. It is also named as Calvin Cycle.
Figure 4. Calvin Cycle

Source: Project EASE M4 Photosynthesis, p.21
at Department of Education Learning Portal
• Three turns of Calvin Cycle are necessary to produce one net gain of PGAL. Five PGAL
molecules are needed to regenerate 3 molecules of RUBP. The three turns use up 9
molecules of ATP and 6 molecules of NADPH. PGAL is a substance used by plants to make
other organic substances. An example of these organic substances synthesized by plants is
glucose, which is the product of dark reaction. To make one glucose molecule, a 6-
carbon sugar, two molecules of PGAL are linked. This means six turns of Calvin cycle.
• In summary, there are two phases of photosynthesis: (a) Light-dependent Reaction and (b)
Light-independent Reaction /Calvin Cycle (dark reaction).
Figure 5. Stages of Photosynthesis

https://images.app.goo.gl/ogmfFKef168h3j5f7
Activity 1. Plant Structures for Photosynthesis

Objective:
Identify cell structure and function involved in the food-making process.
What you need: Ballpen Worksheet

What to do:
Label the parts of the chloroplast and stomata. Write your answers in a separate sheet of
paper.
A. The Chloroplast
Figure 7. Internal Structure of the Chloroplast

https://sites.google.com/site/httpsitesilovecienciacom/activity
B. The Stomata
Figure 8. Stomata
https://byjus.com/biology/stomata/
Guide Question:
What cell structures are most important to photosynthesis? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric
Points Description
3 Explanations are conceptually correct and complete.
2 Explanations are conceptually correct and incomplete.
1 Explanations are conceptually incorrect.
Activity 2. Raw Materials and End Products of Photosynthesis
Objective:
Identify the raw materials and end products of photosynthesis.
What to do:
Complete the table below. Identify the raw materials and products of photosynthesis
based from the given formula diagram. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
Activity 3. Evidences for Photosynthesis
Objectives:
Investigate evidences that plants are really capable of food making.
What to do:
Read the given situations below and study the diagram to answer the guide questions. Write
your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
A. Photosynthesis of an aquatic plant

A few fresh and mature Hydrilla leaves were put inside a beaker and were added with
water which is enough to cover the whole leaves. An inverted funnel was placed over the
leaves. The set up was left under the sunlight for about two hours. Bubbles were seen on
the surface of the leaves after the indicated observation time. Gas bubbles liberated from
the Hydrilla plant reached the top of the test tube and displaced the water downwards.

Figure 9: Hydrilla Sample set-up
https://www.brainkart.com/article/Photosynthesis-Test-tube-and-Funnel-Experiment-
(Demonstration)_39846/
Guide Questions:
Q1. What do these bubbles indicate?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What can you infer from the observation?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
B. Testing a Leaf for Starch

A Coleus (Mayana) leaf was removed from its mother plant that has been left in the
dark for two days. The leaf sample was put in a test tube containing denatured alcohol.
The tube with the leaf was then placed inside the beaker with boiling water. The tube
set up was submerged in boiling water for three minutes or until all the color of the leaf
has been extracted. See figure 10 for the sample set up.
Figure 10: Sample set-up

http://igbiologyy.blogspot.com/2012/12/factors-needed-for-photosynthesis.html
The leaf then was taken out from the tube and settled to cool. A few drops of
iodine/potassium iodide solution were dropped into the leaf.
The following observations were recorded:
- the color of the alcohol becomes green;

- the leaf was brittle after being boiled in ethanol;
- most of the area of the leaf turns to bluish black; and
- the green part of the leaf is shaded.
Guide Questions:
Q1. What happened to the color of the leaf after boiling?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What happened to the color of the leaf after applying few drops of iodine solution?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What can you infer from the observation?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Scoring Rubric for Q1-Q3
Points Description
Activity 4. Understanding the Process of Food Making
Objective:
Describe the phases involved in photosynthesis.
What you need:

Ballpen Worksheet
What to do:
Complete the diagram below using the keywords provided inside the box. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.
Key Words
Stroma ATP
Light-independent reaction/ Calvin Cycle carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis NADPH
Granum light energy
Water glucose

Guide Questions:
Q1. What is needed to initiate photosynthesis?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Is it possible for dark reaction to occur without undergoing the light-dependent
phase? Justify your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Scoring Rubric for Q2
Points Description
Activity 5. Photosynthesis and You
Objective:
Analyze the importance of photosynthesis on the quality and quantity of harvest.
What you need:

Pen and paper
What to do:

Study the figure below and answer the guide questions.
Set-up A Set-up B Set-up C
Figure 11: Sample set-ups

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/potted-tomato-plant-70739596
Guide Questions:
Q1. Which set up would yield the best quality and quantity of harvest? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Which set up would not do well in terms of quality and quantity of harvest? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Scoring Rubric for Q1 & Q2
Points Description
Reflection

Tropical forests and other high foliage areas constitute the largest terrestrial component of
the global oxygen budget. However, rapid commercial expansion and other human activities had
left these landscapes highly fragmented, calling into question their capacity to cycle and give off
substantial oxygen. These activities also caused widespread deforestation that reduced the
rate of photosynthesis by the plants and leading to a drastic change in the oxygen cycle between
plants and living organism. As a student, how can you personally contribute towards solving this
problem?
Rubric for Scoring the Reflection
Points Description
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
3
concepts and has no misconception.
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
2
concepts, but with minimal misconception.
Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts, but
1
with misconception.
References

Alvarez, Liza A., Angeles, Dave G., Apurada, Herman L., Carmona, Ma. Pilar P., Lahorra, Oliver A.,
Marcaida, Judith F., Olarte, Ma. Regaele A., Osorio, Estrella C., Paningbatan, Digna C.,
Rosales, Marivic S., Delos Santos, Ma. Teresa B. 2014. "Science 9 Learner's Module." 72-
85. Pasig City: Department of Education.
Bengwayan, Michael A. 2020. "Deforestation Reduces Oxygen – OpEd." eurasiareview.com. June

24. Accessed June 2021. https://www.eurasiareview.com/24062020-deforestation-
reduces-oxygen-oped/.
Byju'S. 2021. BYJU'S Learning Program. May 0. Accessed June 23, 2021.
https://byjus.com/biology/stomata/.
K. Brinck et al. 2017. "High resolution analysis of tropical forest fragmentation and its impact on
the global carbon cycle. Nat. Commun. 8, 14855." Accessed June 19, 2021.
https://www.pnas.org/content/117/14/7863?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc
&utm_campaign=Proc_Natl_Acad_Sci_U_S_A_TrendMD_1.
Project EASE, Department of Education. 2019. "Photosynthesis Module 4 ." In Project

EASE/OHSP Biology. Pasig: Department of Education. Accessed June 19, 2021.
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/pdf-view/7866.
Project D.O., Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot. 2021. "California State University
Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot." Department of Education Open
TextbookPilotProject.January.
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)
/5%3A_Microbial_Metabolism/5.11%3A_Phototrophy/5.11C%3A_The_Two_Parts_of_Photo
synthesis.
Rabago, Lilia M., Joaquin, Crescencia C., Lagunzad, Catherine B., 1996. "Science & Technology
2." 221-225. Quezon City: vibal Publishing House.
Ray, A. M., & Beardsley, P. M. 2008. "Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum
Ideas." Education.com. Accessed June 20, 2021.
http://www.education.com/pdf/photosynthesis-of-elodea/.
Answer Key
Activity 1: Plant Structures for Photosynthesis
A. The Chloroplast

B.The Stomata
Possible Answers to Guide Questions
Q1. Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting sunlight to chemical energy stored in
sugar and other organic molecules.

Activity 2

Carbon dioxide Glucose
water oxygen
Activity 3: A. Photosynthesis of an aquatic plant

Q1. In photosynthesis of submerse water plants, oxygen emission occurs in form of bubbles
which are released from the stomata or small openings caused by injuries. Usually, the oxygen
discharge is in form of regular bubble series. Production of bubbles indicates that
photosynthesis takes place.
Q2. Bubbles were seen on the surface of the leaf. This indicates that the leaf releases gas (O2).
Activity 3: B. Testing a Leaf for Starch

Q1. The leaf was brittle after being boiled in ethanol; the color of the leaf was extracted and mixed
with the alcohol.
Q2. Most of the area of the leaf turns to bluish black; the green part of the leaf is shaded.
Q3. The blue-black color change of the leaf when iodine solution was added shows the presence
of starch in the leaf. No change in color indicates absence of starch.
Activity 4. Understanding the Process of Food Making

Q1. To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things such as carbon dioxide, water, and
sunlight for photosynthesis.
Q2. No. Dark reaction needs the products of light reaction. This is why it occurs
immediately after the light- dependent phase.
Activity 5. Photosynthesis and You

Q1. Set up B will yield the best quality and quantity of harvest. It has enough requirements
suitable for plant growth and development which include sufficient light, water and carbon
dioxide.
Q2. Set up A and C will not do well in terms of quality and quantity of harvest. There are
missing elements that limit plant growth and development.


Author: Ivy G. Hontalba School/Station: Libertad NHS Division: Butuan City Email Address: Ivy - Hontalba001@deped - Gov.ph

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Science – Grade 9

Learner Activity Sheets

Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Name: _______________________________________ Section: __________

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):

Time Allotment: 4 hours

Raw Materials Products

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Figure 1. Internal Structure of the Leaf

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

The Light-Dependent Reaction

• Light-dependent reaction is the first phase of photosynthesis which requires light,

Chl + light energy → Chl+ + e-

Water hydrogen ions + electrons + oxygen gas

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Light- Independent Reaction

• The 6-carbon compound is broken into two molecules of 3-carbon sugar,

• The 2 molecules of PGA are converted into 2 molecules of phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL),

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Figure 4. Calvin Cycle

Figure 5. Stages of Photosynthesis

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

What you need: Ballpen Worksheet

Figure 7. Internal Structure of the Chloroplast

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Activity 2. Raw Materials and End Products of Photosynthesis

Raw Materials Products

Activity 3. Evidences for Photosynthesis

A. Photosynthesis of an aquatic plant

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Q2. What can you infer from the observation?

B. Testing a Leaf for Starch

Figure 10: Sample set-up

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Scoring Rubric for Q1-Q3

Activity 4. Understanding the Process of Food Making

What you need:

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Activity 5. Photosynthesis and You

What you need:

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Set-up A Set-up B Set-up C

Figure 11: Sample set-ups

Scoring Rubric for Q1 & Q2

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Rubric for Scoring the Reflection

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Bengwayan, Michael A. 2020. "Deforestation Reduces Oxygen – OpEd." eurasiareview.com. June

Project EASE, Department of Education. 2019. "Photosynthesis Module 4 ." In Project

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Possible Answers to Guide Questions

sugar and other organic molecules.

Raw Materials Products

Activity 3: A. Photosynthesis of an aquatic plant

Activity 3: B. Testing a Leaf for Starch

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

Activity 4. Understanding the Process of Food Making

Possible Answers to Guide Questions

Activity 5. Photosynthesis and You

Author: Ivy G. Hontalba

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Name: _____________________________ Section: