Reading Ielts 9

Câu 1: False
Dòng 3-5 paragraph 2 trang 17: “His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his
teacher, Thomas Hall”. Vậy người đầu tiên nhận ra tài năng của Perkin là Thomas Hall, không
phải Michael Faraday.
Câu 2: Not Given
Văn bản không nói về việc Michael Faraday có bảo Perkin đi học ở “Royal College of Chemistry”
hay không.
Câu 3: False
Dòng 6-7 paragraph 3 trang 17: “within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant.”
Vậy Perkin là trợ lý của Hofmann, không phải ngược lại. (“Perkin employed August Wilhelm
Hofmann as his assistant” có nghĩa là Perkin tuyển Hofmann làm trợ lý).
Câu 4: True
Dòng 7-10 paragraph 3 trang 17: “Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough
that would bring him both fame and fortune.” “Scientific breakthrough” là một “discovery”.
“Bring him both fame and fortune” đồng nghĩa “made him rich and famous”. Vì câu trước nói
Perkin còn trẻ (“Hofmann’s youngest assistant”) mà câu trên nói “not long after that” -> lúc này
Perkin vẫn còn trẻ.
Câu 5: Not Given
Văn bản không nói cây dùng làm quinine có mọc ở đâu khác không. *Lưu {: Dòng 2-4 paragraph
4 trang 17: “The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America”
chỉ nói là cây này bắt nguồn từ Nam Mỹ chứ không nói có trồng được ở nơi khác hay không.
Câu 6: True
Dòng 3-6 paragraph 5 trang 17: “He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an
inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product.” “Quinine” là một loại “drug”,
“aniline” là một “coal tar waste product” -> câu này đúng.
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Câu 7: Not Given
Louis Pasteur chỉ được nhắc đến một lần trong văn bản và là câu trích dẫn “chance favours only
the prepared mind” -> không thể nói lên là Perkin có “inspired by the discoveries of the famous
scientist Louis Pasteur” hay không.
Câu 8: (the/only) rich
Dòng 6-9 paragraph 1 trang 18: “Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so
costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it.” Vì chỉ có “the rich” mới mua
được đồ tím -> đồ tím trở thành biểu tượng cho “(the/only) rich”.
Câu 9: commercial (possibilities)
Câu cuối cùng paragraph 2 trang 18: “But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions
to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.”
“Recognize” (động từ của “recognition”) đồng nghĩa “understand”. “Nearly instant recognition”
-> “immediately understand”.
Câu 10: mauve (was/is)
3 dòng đầu paragraph 3 trang 18: “Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later
became commonly known as mauve”. Vậy cuối cùng thì tên được dùng là “mauve”. *Lưu {:
Trong đề bài hỏi “finally used” nên phải là tên cuối cùng (“mauve”) chứ không phải tên mà
Perkin đặt lúc đầu (“Tyrian Purple”).
Câu 11: (Robert) Pullar
Dòng 5-7 paragraph 3 trang 18: “He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar,
who assured him that manufacturing the dye woud be…” “Consulted with” đồng nghĩa “asked
adviced of”. “Manufacturing the dye” -> Perkin đang có { định “setting up his own dye works”.
Câu 12: (in) French
Dòng 8-13 paragraph 4 trang 18: “The company received a commercial boost from the Empress
Eugénie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the
necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country.” “That country” là “France” nói ở

trước.
Câu 13: Malaria (is)
Câu cuối trang 18: “And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current
use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria”. “The search for a vaccine against” -> bệnh
này đang bị “targetted by reseachers”. “Their” ở đây chỉ “synthetic dyes” nói ở trên.
Câu 14: iv
Câu đầu đoạn B: “In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scienties adopt two ground
rules.” “SETI” là “search for extra-terrestrial intelligence”. Các “ground rules” được nhắc đến là
các “assumptions underlying” trong đề bài.
Câu 15: vii
Dòng 5-2 từ dưới lên đoạn C: “in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little
that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps
one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it.” Vậy đoạn C nói vể khả năng có
sự sống trên các hành tinh khác.
Câu 16: i
Dòng 5-7 đoạn D: “so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this
frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the
world”. Vậy đoạn D đang nói về việc tìm kiếm “radio signals” từ các hành tinh khác.
Câu 17: ii
2 câu đầu đoạn E: “There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal
from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately.” “Reply”
đồng nghĩa “response”. Vậy đoạn E đang nói về cách phản ứng lại trước “signal from an alien
civilisation”.
Câu 18: several billion years
Dòng 11-12 đoạn A: “Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years.” “A planet

like ours” -> “our planet” (“Earth”) cũng có độ tuổi “several billion years”.
Câu 19: radio (waves/signals)
Dòng 5 đoạn D: “so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves”.
Câu 20: 1000 (stars)
Dòng 14-17 đoạn D: “One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes,
the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in
France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for
signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz.” Vậy “the world’s most powerful radio
telescope” tìm “the nearest 1000 likely stars”.
Câu 21: Yes
Câu cuối đoạn A: “It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their
experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution and other
threats that we haven’t yet discovered.” “Dealing with threats” là một phần của “overcome
serious problems”.
Câu 22: Yes
Dòng 5-8 đoạn B: “Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a
life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise
it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it.” “Is pretty well
like us” đồng nghĩa “resembles humans in many ways”.
Câu 23: Not Given
Văn bản không nói về việc có hay không có sự hợp tác của “Americans and Australians”.
Câu 24: No
Dòng 8-9 đoạn D: “Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars
which have been searched.” Vậy việc “have picked up radio signals from several stars” là sai.

Câu 25: Not Given
Trong văn bản không nói về việc có thành viên Quốc Hội chỉ trích dự án của NASA hay không.
*Lưu {: Dòng 10 đoạn D: “the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year” chỉ nói là Quốc Hội
nói chung bầu cho NASA $10 triệu mỗi năm, chứ không nói có hay không có thành viên nào
không ủng hộ.
Câu 26: No
Dòng 8-9 đoạn E: “It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades”. Vậy
việc trả lời ngay là không quan trọng.
Câu 27: plants
4 dòng cuối paragraph 1 trang 25: “And we mustn’t forget the plants, without whose prior
invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.” “Invasion of land”
đồng nghĩa “transfer from sea to land”. “Other migrations” ở đây là các cuộc di cư nói trên của
các loài động vật. Vậy thứ phải “transfer from sea to land” trước động vật là “plants”.
Câu 28: Breathing (and) reproduction
Câu đầu paragraph 2 trang 25: “Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every
aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction.” “Major redesign” đồng nghĩa “make big
changes”.
Câu 29: gills
Dòng 2-5 cột 2 trang 25: “They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything
equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation.” “Their earlier marine incarnation” ở
đây chỉ “their ancestors”.
Câu 30: dolphins
Dòng 7-3 từ dưới lên paragraph 3 trang 25: “Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the
dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived
like dolphins, in the water.” “Resemble” là giống -> “look like” và “live like”.

Câu 31: Not Given
Văn bản không nói về độ sớm hoặc muộn mà “turtle” di cư về biển.
Câu 32: False
Dòng 9-13 paragraph 3 trang 25: “You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals
lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious.” “Only
fragments are found” -> “fossilised remains are incomplete”. Đoạn trên nói là đôi khi kể cả chỉ
tìm thấy “fragments” thì vẫn rất rõ ràng. -> “always difficult” là sai.
Câu 33: True
Dòng 5-3 từ dưới lên paragraph 3 trang 25: “The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived
like dolphins, in the water.” Vậy theo đoạn này thì từ việc “fossils look like dolphins”, người ta
đã tìm ra được ichthyosaurs “lived like dolphins, in the water”.
Câu 34: 3 measurements
3 dòng cuối trang 25 và dòng đầu trang 26: “Walter Joyce and Jacques Gautheir at Yale
University, obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living
turtles and tortoises.”
Câu 35: (triangular) graph
Dòng 2-4 đầu trang 26: “They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three
measurements against one another”. “Plot the three measurements against one another” tức
là so sánh 3 kết quả với nhau -> “comparing the information”.
Câu 36: cluster
Dòng 4-6 đầu trang 26: “All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the
upper part of the triangle”. “In the upper part” đồng nghĩa “towards the top”.
Câu 37: amphibious
Dòng 8-11 đầu trang 26: “There was no overlap, except when they added some species that
spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up…” Vậy

các loài được thêm vào là “species that spend time both in water and on land”, hay còn gọi là
“amphibious species”.
Câu 38: half way
Dòng 11-14 đầu trang 26: “these amphibious species show up half way between the ‘wet
cluster’ of sea turtles’ and the ‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises.”
Câu 39: dry-land tortoises
Dòng 6-2: “The bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis leave us in no doubt. Their points
of the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dryland tortoises.”
Câu 40: D
Câu đầu tiên paragraph cuối cùng: “Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return”.
“Remarkable” đồng nghĩa với một điều “significant”. “Double return” là việc “transition from
sea to land more than once”. Vậy điều đáng chú { về loài “tortoises” là chúng có “double
return”.

Câu 1: H
Câu đầu tiên đoạn H: “The New Zealand Government has developed a New Zealand Disability
Strategy and has embarked on a wide-ranging consultation process.” Đây là một ví dụ về “a
national policy initiative”.
Câu 2: C
Câu cuối cùng đoạn C: “The International Institude of Noise Control Engineering (I-INCE), on the
advice of the World Health Organization, has established an international working party, which
includes New Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation control for school rooms.”
“International working party” là một “global team”. Vậy việc “evaluate noise and reverberation
control for school rooms” là một “global team effort”.
Câu 3: B
Dòng 5-7 đoạn B: “Education researchers Nelson and Soli have also suggested that recent
trends in learning often involve collaborative interaction of multiple minds and tools as much as
individual possession of information.” “Suggested” -> chưa chắc chắn -> “hypothesis”. Vậy đây
là một “hypothesis” về một nguyên nhân đằng sau việc tiếng ồn trong lớp tăng.
Câu 4: I
Câu cuối đoạn I: “It is imperative that the needs of these children are taken into account in the
setting of appropriate international standards to be promulgated in future.” “International
standards” đồng nghĩa “worldwide regulations”.
Câu 5: D
Câu cuối cùng đoạn D: “The auditory function deficits in question include hearing impairment,
autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD).” Đây là một
danh sách các bệnh ở câu trước (“be extremely vulnerable” -> gặp nguy hiểm -> đồng nghĩa “at
risk”).
Câu 6: A
Câu cuối cùng đoạn A: “The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried

out over two decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss.” Đây
là một “estimated proportion” vì số nằm trong khoản 6-10%. “Affected by hearing loss” tức là
có “auditory problems”.
Câu 7: two decades
Câu cuối cùng đoạn A: “The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried
out over two decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss.”
Câu 8: crowd (noise)
Dòng 2-3 trang 42: “Those experiencing these disorders often find sounds such as crowd noise
and the noise generated by machinery painful and distressing.” “find sounds… painful and
distressing” -> thấy nó khó chịu -> “upset them”.
Câu 9: invisible (disabilities/disability)
Dòng 3-2 từ dưới lên đoạn G: “It is probable that many undiagnosed children exist in the
education system with ‘invisible’ disabilities”. “Undiagnosed” nghĩa là “have not been
diagnosed”.
Câu 10: Objective 3
Dòng 4-7 đoạn H: “Objective 3 of the New Zealand Disability Strategy is to ‘Provide the Best
Education for Disabled People’ by improving education so that all children, youth learners and
adult learners will have equal opportunities to learn and develop within their aldreading
existing local school.”
Câu 11 - 12: A - C
Dòng 2-5 đoạn B: “Modern teaching practices, the organisation of desks in the classroom, poor
classrom acoustics, and the mechanical means of ventilation such as airconditioning units all
contribute to the number of children unable to comprehend the teacher’s voice.” “Modern
teaching practices” đồng nghĩa “current teaching methods”. “Mechanical means of ventilation”
là “cooling systems”.

Câu 13: C
Theo phương pháp loại trừ: Đáp án A loại vì văn bản không nói về các “different methods of
dealing with auditory problems”. Đáp án B loại vì văn bản không nhắc đến các “solutions”. Đáp
án D loại vì dòng 2-3 đoạn I: “New Zealand will probably follow their example” -> có các nước
khác để New Zealand học theo rồi thì sao làm “model for other countries to follow” được.
Câu 14: F
Dòng 4-3 từ dưới lên đoạn F: “The parallax principle can be extended to measure the distances
to the stars.”
Đây là một ví dụ về “different way in which the parallax principle has been applied”.
Câu 15: D
Dòng 6-8 đoạn D: “Fleeing on a French warship crossing the Indian Ocean, Le Gentil saw a
wonderful transit - but the ship’s pitching and rolling ruled out any attempt at making accurate
observations.”
Câu 16: G
Câu cuối đoạn G: “But such transits have paved the way for what might prove to be one of the
most vital breakthroughs in the cosmos - detecting Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars.”
“Breakthroughs” đồng nghĩa “discoveries”. Việc “transits have paved the way for” có nghĩa là
“transits” có thể sẽ dẫn đến các khám phá khác.
Câu 17: E
Câu cuối đoạn E: “While this showed astronomers that Venus was surrounded by a thick layer
of gases refracting sunlight around it, both effects made it impossible to obtain accurate
timings.” “Venus was surrounded by a thick layer of gases” là một “description of physical
states connected with Venus”. “Made it impossible to obtain accurate timings” -> “early
astronomical instruments failed to overcome”.
Câu 18: D
Dòng 2-4 đoạn F: “Johann Franz Encke, Director of the Berlin Observatory, finally determined a

value for the AU based on all these parallax measurements: 153,340,000 km. Reasonably
accurate for the time, that is quite close to today’s value”. “The AU” được định nghĩa ở đoạn B
là “the distrance of the Earth from the Sun”.
Câu 19: A
5 dòng cuối đoạn B: “By timing the transit from two widely-separated locations, teams of
astronomers could calculate the parallax angle - the apparent difference in position of an
astronomical body due to a difference in the observer’s position. Calculating this angle would
allow astronomers to measure what was then the ultimate goal: the distance of the Earth from
the Sun.” Đoạn này đang nói về Edmond Halley. Ý phần này là việc đo thời gian “transit” từ 2
nơi khác nhau có thể tính được một “parallax angle” mà từ đó sẽ tính được khoảng cách từ Trái
Đất đến Mặt Trời.
Câu 20: B
Dòng 2-4 đoạn C: “Johannes Kepler, in the early 17th century, had shown that the distances of
the planets from the Sun governed their orbital speeds, which were easily measurable.”
“Oribtal speeds” là tốc độ quỹ đạo -> “to go round the Sun”.
Câu 21: C
Dòng 6-8 đoạn D: “Fleeing on a French warship crossing the Indian Ocean, Le Gentil saw a
wonderful transit - but the ship’s pitching and rolling ruled out any attempt at making accurate
observations.” Việc không thể “make accurate observations” (quan sát) dẫn đến không thể
“make any calculations” (tính).
Câu 22: False
Câu cuối cùng đoạn C: “Nevertheless, he accurately predicted that Venus would cross the face
of the Sun in both 1761 and 1769 - though he didn’t survive to see either.” Vậy Halley chưa
từng quan sát được “transit” nào của Venus -> “observed one transit” là sai.
Câu 23: False
Câu cuối cùng đoạn D: “Ironically after travelling nearly 50,000 kilometres, his view was clouded
out at the last moment, a very dispiriting experience.” “His view was clouded out” -> không

quan sát được -> “managed to observed” là sai.
Câu 24: True
Dòng 2-3 đoạn E: “When Venus begins to cross the Sun’s disc, it looks smeared not circular -
which makes it difficult to establish timings.” “Looks smeared not circular” (bị mờ và không
tròn) đồng nghĩa “distorted” (biến dạng).
Câu 25: Not Given
Văn bản không nói về có hay không có “toxic”. *Lưu {: dòng 2 từ dưới lên đoạn E chỉ nói:
“Venus was surrounded by a thick layer of gases refracting sunlight around it” chứ không nói
khí đấy có độc hay không.
Câu 26: True
Dòng 7-8 đoạn F: “The parallax principle can be extended to measure the distances to the
stars.” “Distances to the stars” ở đây là chỉ khoảng cách (từ chúng ta - Earth) đến các “distant
stars”.
Câu 27: C
Dòng 3-5 paragraph 1 trang 49: “These discoveries have led to the field known as
neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that
demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.” “Success in an
economic environment.. from competitors” nghĩa là thành công trong một môi trường đòi hòi
nhiều cạnh tranh -> “achievement in competitive fields”.
Câu 28: B
Câu 1 paragraph 1 trang 49: “This definition implies that iconoclasts are different from other
people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways: perception,
fear response, and social intelligence.” Vậy l{ do “iconoclasts” khác biệt là vì “their brain”.
Câu 29: D
Dòng 5-7 paragraph 3 trang 49: “Thus it will draw on both past experience and any other source

of information, such as what other people say, to make sense of what it is seeing. This happens
all the time. The brain takes shortcuts that work so well we are hardly ever aware of them.” Vậy
các não làm để “works efficiently” là dùng “past experience” và “other source of information” -
> đều là những thứ xảy ra trước đó -> “previous events”.
Câu 30: C
Câu cuối paragraph 3 trang 49: “More than the physical reality of photons or sound waves,
perception is a product of the brain.” “Product of the brain” -> đồng nghĩa “result of brain
processes”.
Câu 31: B
Dòng 1-2 paragraph 4 trang 49: “Their brains do not fall into efficiency pitfalls as much as the
average person’s brain.” “Do not fall into pitfalls” đồng nghĩa “avoids traps”. Đây là “cognitive
traps” vì đang nói về bẫy trong tư duy.
Câu 32: Yes
Dòng 2-3 paragraph 2 trang 50: “Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains of
past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments.” “Exposure to different events”
(gặp phải sự kiện khác biệt) đồng nghĩa “novelty” (sự mới lạ). “Think differently” đồng nghĩa
“make new judgments”.
Câu 33: Yes
Dòng 3-4 paragraph 2 trang 50: “Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary willingness to be
exposed to what is fresh and different.” “Willingness to be exposed” đồng nghĩa “receptive”.
“What is fresh and different” -> “new experiences”.
Câu 34: Not Given
Văn bản không nói lý do mọi người “avoid new things” là vì họ “shy” hay không. *Lưu {: câu
cuối paragraph 2 trang 50 chỉ nói: “most people avoid things that are different” chứ không nói
l{ do, và câu đầu paragraph 3 trang 50: “it tends to trigger the brain’s fear system” không nói
đến sự liên quan giữa “fear system” và “shy”.

Câu 35: Yes (Đáp án trong đề là No nhưng có thông tin là đúng)
Câu cuối paragraph 3 trang 50: “It is simply a common variant of human nature, one which
iconoclasts do not let inhibit their reactions”. “It” ở đây là “fear of public speaking” nói trên.
“Do not let inhibit their reactions” -> có thể “overcome fear”.
Câu 36: Not Given
Văn bản không nói đến việc “embarrassment matters less” hay nhắc đến các “other fears”.
Câu 37: No
3 dòng cuối paragraph 3 trang 50: “This makes it too common to be considered a mental
disorder. It is simply a common variant of human nature, one which iconoclasts to do not
inhibit their reactions.” “Mental disorder” đồng nghĩa “psychological illness”. Vậy “fear of
public speaking” không phải là “illness” mà là “a common variant of human nature”.
Câu 38: A
Câu cuối paragraph 4 trang 50: “Understanding how perception becomes intertwined with
social decision making shows why successful iconoclasts are so rare.” “Successful iconoclasts
are so rare” (... rất hiếm) đồng nghĩa “thinking like a successful iconoclast is demanding” (rất
khó để nghĩ như …). Việc “perception becomes intertwined with social decision making” đồng
nghĩa cần cả “perceptual skills” và “social intelligence skills”.
Câu 39: B
Dòng 3-5 paragraph 4 trang 50: “In the last decade there has been an explosion of knowledge
about the social brain and how the brain works when groups coordinate decision making.”
Vậy “social brain” chú trọng vào “how groups decide on an action”.
Câu 40: C
Câu 1 và câu 3 paragraph cuối cùng: “Iconoclasts create new opportunities in every area from
artistic expression to technology to business.” và “Iconoclasts face alienation and failure, but
can also be a major asset to any organization.”

Câu 1: Yes
Toàn bộ paragraph 1 giải thích l{ do “arguments occur about language”, vì “it is not easy to be
systematic and objective about language study”, “language belongs to everyone, so most
people feell they have a right to hold an opinion about it”, “when opinions differ, emotions can
run high”.
Câu 2: No
Câu cuối paragraph 1 trang 63: “Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as
over major policies of linguistic education.” Câu này nói khả năng có cãi nhau về “minor points
of usage” (đồng nghĩa “small differences in language usage”) cao như khả năng cãi nhau về
“major policies of linguistic education” (đồng nghĩa “language education”), và theo câu trước lý
do cãi nhau là vì “emotions can run high” → Mọi người cảm thấy về 2 điều trên như nhau
Câu 3: Yes
Dòng 2-3 paragraph 2 trang 63: “linguistic factors influence how we judge personality,
intelligence, social status,...” “Judge” đồng nghĩa “assess” (đánh giá, động từ của
“assessment”). Vậy “intelligence” có bị đánh giá bởi “linguistic factors” (đồng nghĩa “the way he
or she uses language”.
Câu 4: Not Given
Văn bản không nhắc đến giá thành của “prescriptive grammar books”.
Câu 5: Yes
Câu đầu tiên paragraph cuối cùng trang 63: “These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate
a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained.” “These attitudes” là
“prescriptivism” nhắc đến ở 2 paragraph trên.
Câu 6: Yes
2 dòng cuối trang 63 và 2 dòng đầu trang 64: “This approach is summarised in the statement
that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe - to record the facts of linguistic
diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting

language change.” Vậy “descriptivists” nghĩ là không thể “halt language change” (ngừng việc
ngôn ngữ thay đổi) → “it is pointless to try to stop language change” (cố ngừng ngôn ngữ thay
đổi là vô ích).
Câu 7: No
Dòng 2-3 đầu trang 64: “In the second half of the 18th centruy, we already find advocates of
this view”. “This view” là “descriptivism” nói trên. Vậy “after the 18th century” là sai.
Câu 8: Yes
Câu đầu paragraph cuối trang 64: “In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and
‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sites painting unreal pictures of the
other.” “Paint unreal pictures” đồng nghĩa với “misrepresent”, đều là trình bày sai lệch về 1 vấn
đề.
Câu 9: H - prescriptivists
Câu đầu paragraph 3 trang 63: “In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one
variety of language has inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed
on the whole of the speech community.” “Has inherently higher value” và “ought to be
imposed on the whole of the speech community” là những dấu hiệu của “only one correct form
of language”.
Câu 10: F - rules
Dòng 6-7 paragraph 4 trang 63: “The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterised
by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar.” Việc có “reliance” (phụ thuộc) đồng nghĩa “place grace
importance” (coi trọng).
Câu 11: A - descriptivists
Dòng 3 đầu trang 64: “we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley”. “This
view” là “descriptivism” nói trên -> Joseph Priestley là một “descriptivist”.
Câu 12: C - popular speech

Dòng 4-5 đầu trang 64: “the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any
language”. “The custom of speaking” nghĩa là phong cách nói -> tương đương “popular speech”
(cách nói phổ biến).
Câu 13: B
Theo phương pháp loại trừ. Phương án A loại vì tác giả không nghiên về một trong 2
“approaches” nào cả. Phương án C loại vì văn bản không nói về sự khác biệt giữa “spoken and
written language”.
Câu 14: C
Dòng 2-4 đoạn C: “The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to
test the techonology in a venture…” Vậy đoạn C có nói về một “test site” ở “Lynmouth in
Devon”.
Câu 15: E
Câu cuối đoạn E: “The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than
needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be reimported
into Britain via the cable under the Channel.” “Via the cable under the Channel” là một cách
“bringing the power produced on one site back into Britain”.
Câu 16: A
Dòng 4-3 từ dưới lên đoạn A: “Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then
abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry”. Vậy “wind power” là
một “previous attempt by Britain to find an alternative source of energy”.
Câu 17: C
2 dòng cuối trang 67 và 2 dòng đầu trang 68: “The technology for dealing with the hostile saline
environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is
already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers.” Vậy
“technology from another industry” là “dealing with the hostile saline environment under the
sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry”.

Câu 18 - 22:
A vì:
Dòng 3 đoạn A: “but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant.”
Việc “predictable” và “the power input is constant” đồng nghĩa “reliable”.
D vì:
Dòng 4-5 đoạn A: “The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming selfsufficient in
renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions.” Việc “reducing its
carbon dioxide emissions” đồng nghĩa “cut down on air pollution”.
E vì:
Dòng 6-7 đoạn A: “If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to
close gas, coal and nuclear power plants”. “Power plants” đồng nghĩa “power stations”.
F vì:
Dòng 7-8 đoạn A: “and export renewable power to other parts of Europe.” Việc “export
renewable power” sẽ đem đến “increasing national income”.
J vì:
Câu cuối đoạn C: “The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where
there are strong tidal currents.” Câu này nói về việc nên xây ở gần các “coastlines with
particular features.”
Câu 23: maintenance
Câu cuối đoạn D: “The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also
designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean sea weed from the blades.”
Câu 24: slow (turning)
Dòng 4-6 đoạn D: “Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively
slow-turning blades.” “Fish and other creatures” đồng nghĩa “sea life”. “Comparatively” trong
trường hợp này đồng nghĩa “relatively” (là tương đối).
Câu 25: low pressure

Câu 26: cavitation
Câu đầu đoạn F: “One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning
blade causes air bubbles.”
Câu 27: D
Dòng 3-5 đoạn D: “In particular, Shannon showed that noise sets a limit on the rate at which
information can pass along communication channels while remaining error-free.” Đây là việc
giải thích về một “factor affecting the transmission of information”.
Câu 28: F
Câu đầu đoạn F: “Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing
information, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’) bits from data which contributed little
real information.” “Redundant” đồng nghĩa “unnecessary”. Việc “stripping out superfluous
(‘redundant’) bits from data” là một cách “how unnecesssary information can be omitted”.
Câu 29: B
Dòng 6-7 đoạn B: “While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but
shunned the resulting acclaim.”
“Shunned” → ghét, khó chịu. “Acclaim” đồng nghĩa “fame”.
Câu 30: E
Dòng 6-7 đoạn E: “which uses a simple error-detecting system that ensures supermarket check-
out lasers can read the price”. Đây là một “machine capable of interpreting incomplete
information”.
Câu 31: A
Câu đầu đoạn A: “In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the many
applications of information theory.” Câu này báo hiệu đoạn A sẽ nói chi tiết về “event” này.
Câu 32: C

Dòng 3-5 đoạn C: “He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning
of the concept of ‘information’.” Vậy đây là điều Shannon “initially intended to achieve in his
reasearch”.
Câu 33: Jupiter - Saturn
Câu 34: Solar System
Dòng 2-4 đoạn A: “The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1977, had sent back spectacular
images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to
the stars.” “Sent” đồng nghĩa “transmitted”. “Soared out of” là “left”.
Câu 35: sensors - circuit
Dòng 5-6 đoạn A: “Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing”. “On the brink of failing” →
“about to stop working”.
Câu 36: spares
Dòng 7-8 đoạn A: “The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to
change the failing part.” “Change” đồng nghĩa “replace”.
Câu 37: radio dish
Dòng 9-10 đoạn A: “By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the
message was sent out into the depths of space.” Vậy thứ được dùng để “transmit the message”
là “radio dish”.
Câu 38: True
Dòng 7-8 đoạn C: “Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining
otherwise vague ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place.” “This
fundamental unit” là “the concept of describing something as true or false” ở trên. “Transmit it
from place to place” là “sent messages over distances”.
Câu 39: True

Dòng 5-6 đoạn D: “This rate depends on the relative strengths of the signal and noise travelling
down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its ‘bandwidth’)”. Vậy 2 thứ ảnh hưởng
đến “the amount of information that can be sent in a given time period” là “signal strength” và
“noise level”.
Câu 40: False
Dòng 4-2 từ dưới lên đoạn E: “As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by
discovering so-called turbo codes - which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the
maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably”. Vậy hiện giờ vẫn chưa thể “convey
information” nhanh bằng tốc độ tối đa mà Shannon dự đoán.

Câu 1: False
Dòng 3-2 từ dưới lên paragraph 1 trang 87: “and then was the sole winner of the 1911 Nobel
Prize for Chemistry.” → Lần thứ 2 Marie Curie nhận giải Nobel một mình.
Câu 2: Not Given
Văn bản không nhắc đến sở thích hồi nhỏ của Marie Curie.
Câu 3: True
2 dòng cuối paragraph 2 và 2 dòng đầu paragraph 3 trang 87: “on the understanding that
Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.” và “In 1891, this promise was fulfilled
and Marie went to Paris and began to study at the Sorbonne (The University of Paris).” Việc
Bronia “later help her to get an education” là trợ giúp về mặt tài chính (vì có “in turn” → cách
trợ giúp giống cách Marie đã làm cho Bronia là “finance her studies”).
Câu 4: False
Dòng 1 paragraph 2 trang 88: “The births of Marie’s two daughters, Irène and Eve, in 1897 and
1904 failed to interrupt her scientifc work.” → “stopped doing research for several years” là sai.
Câu 5: True
Dòng 3-4 paragraph 3 trang 88: “On May 13, 1906, she was appointed to the professorship that
had been left vacant on her husband’s death”. → “took over the teaching position her husband
had held.”
Câu 6: Not Given
Văn bản không đưa thông tin về việc Bronia có “studied the medical uses of radioactivitiy”.
*Lưu {: dòng 5 paragraph 2 trang 87: “her sister Bronia’s medical studies” không nói rõ có liên
quan đến radioactivity không, và dòng cuối paragraph 5 trang 88: “the Radium Institude, where
her sister Bronia became director.” không nói về việc nghiên cứu của Bronia mà chỉ nói chức vụ.
Câu 7: thorium
2 dòng cuối paragraph 4 trang 87: “Marie Curie decided to find out if the radioactivity

discovered in uranium was to be found in other elements. She discovered that this was true for
thorium.”
Câu 8: pitchblende
Dòng đầu và dòng 3-5 paragraph cuối trang 87: “Turning her attention to minerals, she found
her interest drawn to pitchblende” và “Pierre Curie joined her in the work that she had
undertaken to resolve this problem, and that led to the discovery of the new elements,
polonium and radium.” “two new elements” là “polonium” và “radium”.
Câu 9: radium
Câu cuối paragraph 3 trang 88: “In 1911 she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the
isolation of a pure form of radium.” “The isolation of a pure form of radium” chính là một “work
on the element radium”.
Câu 10: soldiers
Câu đầu paragraph 4 trang 88: “During World War I, Marie Curie, with the help of her daughter
Irèle, devoted herself to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the mobile
units which came to be known as ‘Little Curies’, used for the treatment of wounded soldiers.”
“Medical technique” đồng nghĩa “treament”.
Câu 11: illness
Câu đầu paragraph 6 trang 88: “One of Marie Curie’s outstanding achievements was to have
understood the need to accumulate intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but
also to maintain an abundant supply for research.” Vậy 2 l{ do để “collect radioactive material”
là “research” và chữa “illness”.
Câu 12: neutron
Dòng 4-5 paragraph 6 trang 88: “made a decisive contribution to the success of the
experiments undertaken in the years around 1930. This work prepared the way for the
discovery of the neutron”. Vậy thứ được tìm ra là “neutron”.

Câu 13: leukaemia/leukemia
Dòng 7-8 paragraph 6 trang 88: “A few months after this discovery, Marie Curie died as a result
of leukaemia caused by exposure to radiation.”
Câu 14: G
Dòng 4-6 đoạn G: “In one experiment, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) dabbed some red powder
on the noses of children who were playing in front of a mirror, and then observed how often
they touched their nose.” “One experiment” là “a particular study”. Câu này nói về cách thức
thực hiện thí nghiệm → “an account of the method”.
Câu 15: C
Câu đầu đoạn C: “Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can
have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them.” “Powerful source of
information for infants about the effect they can have on the world” là cách để “develop a
sense of identity”. “Mimic” đồng nghĩa “imitate” (động từ của “imitation”).
Câu 16: G
Câu cuối đoạn G: “On the other hand, they found that children of 15 to 18 months are generally
not able to recognize themselves unless other cues such as movement are present.” “Identify a
image of themselves” đồng nghĩa “recognize themselves”. “Other cues such as movement are
present” → có chuyển động → không “static”. Vậy sau 15-18 tháng thì trẻ mới “identify a static
image of themselves” được.
Câu 17: D
Câu cuối đoạn D: “Empirical investigations of the self-as-subject in young children are, however,
rather scarce because of difficulties of communication: even if young infants can reflect on their
experience, they certainly cannot express this aspect of self directly.” “Scarce” là khan hiếm →
đồng nghĩa “limited” (tính từ của “limitations”). Đây là l{ do khiến nghiên cứu về “self-as-
subject” bị giới hạn.
Câu 18: H

Câu cuối đoạn H: “Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense
of ‘self’ and of ‘ownership’ is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies.” Đây là một ví
dụ về việc có thể có sự liên quan giữa “ownership” và “Western societies”.
Câu 19: E
Câu cuối đoạn E: “This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most
influenced by social elements, since it is made up of social roles (such as student, brother,
colleague) and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with
other people (such as trustworthiness, shyness, sporting ability).” “This” ở đây là “sense of ‘self-
as-object’” nói trên. Câu này nói về rất nhiều những “features that contribute” cho mặt này của
con người.
Câu 20: D
Câu cuối đoạn F: “Mead (1934) went even further, and saw the self and the social world as
inextricably bound together: “The self is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social
experience … it is impossible to conceive of a self arising outside of social experience.”
“Social experience” đồng nghĩa “relationships with other people”.
Câu 21: B
Dòng 6-8 đoạn B: “Cooley (1902) suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily
concerned with being able to exercise power.” “Exercise power” là thể hiện quyền lực →
“mastery over things and people”.
Câu 22: E
Dòng 3-5 đoạn H: “Bronson (1975) found that the intensity of the frustration and anger in their
disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years.” “Between the ages of 1
and 2 years” là “at a certain age”. “Frustration and anger” là các “aggressive behaviour”.
Câu 23: C
Dòng 7-9 đoạn C: “However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants’ developing
understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to

a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people.” Việc “observing their own
reflection” là “see in the mirror”. “Self awareness” là “awareness that they are distinct from
other people”.
Câu 24: mirror
Dòng cuối đoạn C: “This is because they, and only they, can change the reflection in the mirror.”
“The reflection” là một “image”.
Câu 25: communication
Câu cuối đoạn D: “Empirical investigations of the self-as-subject in young children are, however,
rather scarce because of difficulties of communication: even if young infants can reflect on their
experience, they certainly cannot express this aspect of self directly.” Vậy điều khiến khó
nghiên cứu về “self-awareness” là do “difficulties of communication” - đồng nghĩa
“communication problems”.
Câu 26: ownership
Dòng 5-8 đoạn H: “Often, the children’s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none
of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing
ownership rather than wanting to play with it.” “Disagreements involved a struggle” tức là
“disputes”.
Câu 27: ii
Câu cuối đoạn B: “Such developments have been criticised as an intolerable vulgarisation, but
the success of many historical theme parks and similar locations suggests that the majority of
the public does not share this opinion.” Vậy đây là “mixed views on current changes to
museums”.
Câu 28: vi
Câu đầu đoạn C: “In a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and
heritage sites on one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating.”
“Museum”, “heritage sites”, “theme parks” là các “public attractions”. “The sharp distinction…
is gradually evaporating” → đang mất dần → “fewer differences”.

Câu 29: i
Dòng 4-5 đoạn D: “They are also operating in a very competitive environment, where visitors
make choices on how and where to spend their free time.” Câu này báo hiệu đoạn D sẽ nói về
việc “people in charge” sẽ phải gặp nhiều “commercial pressures” (áp lực thương mại) vì làm
việc trong một “competitive environment”.
Câu 30: iii
Câu đầu đoạn E: “It could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more ‘real’,
historical accuracy must be increasingly altered.” Việc “make everthing in heritage more ‘real’”
là để “meet visitor expectations”, vì ‘real’ ở đây là theo đúng tưởng tượng của khách tham
quan.
Câu 31: B
Dòng 6-9 đoạn A: “Museums used to look - and some sitll do - muhc like storage rooms of
objects parked together in showcases: good for scholars who wanted to study the subtle
differences in design, but not for the ordinary visitor, to whome it all looked alike.” Vậy bảo
tàng thời chưa không phải cho “ordinary visitor” - tức “the public”.
Câu 32: A
Dòng 2-3 đoạn B: “The key word in heritage display is now ‘experience’, the more exciting the
better and, if possible, involving all the sense.” “Experience” ở đây mang nghĩa trải nghiệm →
đồng nghĩa “personal involvement”.
Câu 33: D
Câu đầu đoạn C: “In a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and
heritage sites on one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating.” Việc
“sharp distinction … is gradually evaporating” (sự khác biệt đang mất dần) sẽ dẫn đến “less easy
to distinguish” (khó phân biệt hơn).
Câu 34: D
Dòng 8-11 đoạn D: “Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are

thus in a difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of
‘evidence’ and ‘attractiveness’, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry for
income-generating activities.” Việc “steer a narrow course between” đồng nghĩa “balance” giữa
2 thứ. “Evidence” và “attractiveness” là 2 “conflicting priorities”.
Câu 35: C
Dòng 5-7 đoạn E: “Such presentations tell us more about contemporary perceptions of the
world than about our ancestors.” “Contemporary perceptions” là các “present beliefs”.
Câu 36: B
3 dòng đầu đoạn F: “Human bias is inevitable, but another source of bias in the representation
of history has to do with the transitory nature of the materials themselves. The simple fact is
that not everything from history survives the historical process.” Việc “not everything from
history survives” có nghĩa là chỉ một số thứ còn sót lại → chỉ những “very durable objects
remain”.
Câu 37: False
3 dòng đầu đoạn D: “Theme parks are undergoing other changes, too, as they try to present
more serious social and cultural issues, and move away from fantasy. This development is a
response to market forces”. Vậy các “theme parks” đang phải “present more serious social and
cultural issues” để câu khách.
Câu 38: Not Given
Văn bản không so sánh lượng khách ở “museums” với “theme parks”.
Câu 39: False
Dòng 5-8 đoạn F: “In a town like Leyden in Holland, which in the seventeenth century was
occupied by approximately the same number of inhabitants as today, people lived within the
walled town, and area more than five times smaller than modern Leyden.” Vậy diện tích Leyden
đã tăng 5 lần từ TK 17 → “the bounderies of Leyden has changed little” là sai.

Câu 40: True
Câu đầu đoạn E: “It could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more ‘real’,
historical accuracy must be increasingly altered.”
Việc “historical accuracy must be increasingly altered” có nghĩa là sự thật bị sửa đổi → sai sự
thật → “false impression”. Đoạn E cũng lấy các ví dụ về hiện vật ở bảo tàng cho thấy sai sự thật
về quá khứ do “bias” của con người.

Reading Ielts 9

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Reading Ielts 9

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Câu 1: False

Câu 2: Not Given

Câu 5: Not Given

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Câu 8: (the/only) rich

Câu 9: commercial (possibilities)

Câu 10: mauve (was/is)

Câu 11: (Robert) Pullar

Câu 12: (in) French

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Câu 13: Malaria (is)

Câu 15: vii

Câu 18: several billion years

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Câu 19: radio (waves/signals)

Câu 20: 1000 (stars)

Câu 21: Yes

Câu 22: Yes

Câu 23: Not Given

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Câu 27: plants

Câu 28: Breathing (and) reproduction

Câu 29: gills

Câu 30: dolphins

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Văn bản không nói về độ sớm hoặc muộn mà “turtle” di cư về biển.

Câu 32: False

Câu 33: True

Câu 34: 3 measurements

Câu 35: (triangular) graph

Câu 36: cluster

Câu 37: amphibious

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Câu 38: half way

Câu 39: dry-land tortoises

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Câu 7: two decades

Câu 8: crowd (noise)

Câu 9: invisible (disabilities/disability)

Câu 10: Objective 3

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Câu 22: False

Câu 23: False

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Câu 24: True

Câu 25: Not Given

Câu 26: True

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Câu 32: Yes

Câu 33: Yes

Câu 34: Not Given

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Câu 36: Not Given

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Câu 4: Not Given

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Câu 10: F - rules

Câu 11: A - descriptivists

Câu 12: C - popular speech

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http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | Tủ sách BAND 8+ 115