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COMPLEX NUMBERS

1. Preliminary

(i) The numbers of the form x + iy are known as complex numbers, where x, y  R and i = 1 .
i is an imaginary unit and it is known as iota.

(ii) Complex numbers are denoted by z . Let z = x + iy, then Re (z) = x and Im(z) = y

(iii) i2 = –1, i 3 = –i, i4 = 1,

i4n = 1, i4n+1 = i, i4n+2 = i2 = –1, i4n+3 = i3 = –i

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(iv) The sum of four consecutive powers of i is always zero, i. e. i 4n + i4n+1 + i4n+2 + i4n+3 = 0

Note :

(i) i2 = i × i = 1 × 1  1

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(ii)  x   y  xy

So for two real numbers x and y, x  y  x  y possible if both x, y are non-negative.

Ex.1 If n is a positive integer, then which of the following relations is false

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[1] i4n = 1 [2] i4n–1 = i [3] i4n+1 = i [4] i–4n = 1

Sol. We know that i2 = –1

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 (i2)2 = (–1)2 = 1  i4n = 1n and therefore

i4n–1 = –i Ans.(2)
200
n
Ex.2 If i2 = –1, then the value of i
n1
is

[1] 50 [2] –50 [3] 0 [4] 100

200
n i(1  i200 )
Sol. i  i  i2  i3  ......  i 200  (since G.P.)
n1
1 i

i (1  1)
 0 Ans.(3)
1 i

i592 + i590 + i588 + i586 + i584

Ex.3 The value of –1 is
i582 + i580 + i578 + i576 + i574

(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 1

Sol. Given expression


i10 i582  i580  i578  i576  i574  5 5

i582  i580  i578  i576  i574
1  i10  1  i2  1   1  1  
 1  1  2 Ans.(3)

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2. Algebraic Operations with Complex Numbers

(i) Addition : (a + ib) +(c + id) = (a + c) + i (b + d)

(ii) Subtraction : (a + ib) – (c + id) = (a – c) + i (b – d)

(iii) Multiplication : (a + ib) (c + id) = (ac – bd) + i (ad + bc)

a  ib ac  bd i(bc  ad)
(iv) Division : = 2 2 + (c + id  0)
c  id c d c 2  d2

3. Multiplicative Inverse of a non-zero Complex Number

Multiplicative inverse of a non-zero complex number z = x + iy is

1 1 1 x  iy x  iy

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z 1      2
z x  iy x  iy x  iy x  y 2

x y Re(z)  Im(z)
= 2 2
i 2 2 i.e. z1  2
 i
x y x y |z| | z |2

Ex.4 If z = – 3 + 2i, then 1/z is equal to

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1 1 1 1
(1) (3 + 2i) (2) – (3 + 2i) (3) (3 + 2i) (4)  (3 + 2i)
13 13 13 13

3 2 1
Sol. z 1   i   (3  2i) Ans.(2)
13 13 13

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4. Equality of Complex Numbers

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Two complex numbers are said to be equal if and only if their real parts and imaginary parts are separately
equal i.e.

If a + ib = c + id, then a = c & b = d

Note : Inequality relation does not hold good in case of complex numbers having non-zero imaginary parts. For
example the statement 8 + 5i > 4 + 2i makes no sense.
(1  i)x  2i (2  3i)y  i
Ex.5 The values of x and y satisfying the equation   i are
3i 3i
[1] x = –1, y =3 [2] x = 3, y = –1 [3] x = 0, y = 1 [4] x = 1, y = 0

(1  i)x  2i (2  3i)y  i
Sol.  i  (4 + 2i) x + (9 – 7i) y – 3i – 3 = 10i Ans.(2)
3i 3i

Equating real and imaginary parts, we get 2x – 7y = 13 and 4x + 9y = 3. Hence x = 3 and y = –1.

Ex.6 If a + ib = c + id, then

[1] a – c = i (b – d) [2] a – ib = c – id [3] a = d, b = c [4] none of these
Sol. If a + ib = c + id. Equating real and imaginary parts,
we get a = c and b = d  –b = –d. Therefore a – ib = c – id Ans.(2)

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3  2i sin 
Ex.7 will be purely imaginary, if  =
1  2i sin 
  
[1] 2n  [2] n  [3] n  [4] none of these
3 3 3
3  2i sin 
Sol. will be purely imaginary, if the real part vanishes, i.e.,
1  2i sin 
3  4 sin 2 
0  3 – 4 sin2  = 0 (only if  be real)
1  4 sin 2 
3  
 sin  = ± = sin   
2  3
  
  = n + (–1)n    = n ± . Ans.(3)
 3  3

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5. Representation of a Complex Number

(i) Cartesian Representation : A complex number z = x + iy can be Imaginary

axis
represented by a point P whose cartesian coordinates are (x, y) referred P(x, y)
to axes OX and OY, usually called the real and imaginary axes. The plane
of OX and OY is called the Argand plane or the complex plane and
corresponding to every point in this plane there exists a complex number. y

P
Since the origin O lies on both OX and OY, the corresponding complex
number z = 0 is both real and purely imaginary. 
Real axis
O x M
Note :

 |z|= x 2  y 2 , Thus modulus of complex number denotes the distance of point P(z) from origin.

 The angle  which OP makes with the positive direction of real axis is known as the amplitude or

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argument of the complex number z.
y
 = arg(z) = tan–1

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x
(ii) Polar Representation : If z = x + iy is a complex number then z = r(cos  + i sin ) is a polar form of
y
complex number z where x = r cos , y = r sin ; r = x 2  y 2 = | z | and  = tan–1
x
(where  is the principle argument of z, i.e. –  < )

(iii) Vector Representation : If z = x + iy is a complex number such that it represent point P(x, y) then its

vector representation is z = OP

1  7i
Ex.8 The polar form of (2  i)2 is

 3 3      3 3 
[1] 2  cos  i sin  [2] 2  cos  i sin  [3]  cos  i sin  [4] none of these
 4 4   4 4  4 4 

1  7i (1  7i) (3  4i) 25  25i

Sol. 2
   1  i
(2  i) (3  4i) (3  4i) 25

Let z = x + iy = – 1 + i
3
 r cos  = –1 and r sin  = 1 = and r = 2
4
1  7i  3 3 
Thus  2 cos
2
 i sin  Ans.(1)
( 2  i)  4 4

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6. Conjugate of a Complex Number

In a complex number if we replace i by –i, we get conjugate of complex Imaginary

number. If a + ib is complex number it’s conjugate is a – ib. Here both Axis
numbers will be conjugate to each other. It is represented by z and
z is mirror image of z in real axis on Argand plane.
Z
Properties of conjugate
Real Axis
O
(i) |z| = | z | (ii) z z = |z|2 Z

(iii) (z1  z2 ) = ( z1 )+ ( z 2 ) (iv) ( z1 – z 2 ) = ( z1 ) – ( z 2 )

 z1 
(v) (z1 z 2 ) = ( z1 ) ( z 2 ) (vi)   = ( z1) (z2 ¹ 0)
 z2  (z2 )

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(vii) ( z ) = z (viii) If w = f(z), then w = f ( z )

(ix) |z1 + z2|2 = (z1 + z2) (z1  z 2 ) = (z1 + z2) ( z1 + z 2 ) = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1 z 2 + z1 z2

If z is a complex number such that z2 = ( z )2 , then

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Ex.9
[1] z is purely real [2] z is purely imaginary
[3] Either z is purely real or purely imaginary [4] None of these

Sol. Let z = x + iy, then its conjugate z  x  iy

Given that z2 = ( z )2  x2 – y2 + 2ixy = x2 – y2 – 2ixy  4ixy = 0.

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If x  0 then y = 0 and if y  0 then x = 0. Ans.(3)

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7. Modulus of a Complex Number

Modulus of a complex number z = x + iy is denoted as mod (z) or | z |, is defined as

|z| = x 2  y 2 , where x = Re(z), y = Im(z). Sometimes, |z| is called absolute value of z. Note that
| z |  0.

For example, if z = 3 + 2i, then |z| = 3 2  2 2  13 .

Properties of modulus

(i) |z|  0 and |z| = 0 if and only if z = 0, i.e., x = 0, y = 0

(ii) |z| = | z | = |– z| = |– z |.

(iii) z z = |z|2 (iv) – |z|  Re (z)  | z| and – |z|  Im(z)  |z|

z1 | z1 |
(v) |z1z2| = |z1| |z2| (vi) z 2 = | z 2 | (provide z2  0)

(vii) |z1 ± z2|  |z1| + |z2| (viii) |z1 – z2|  | | z1| - |z2| |

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2 2 n n
(ix) |z | = |z| or |z | = |z| also |z1z2 .... zn| = |z1| |z2| ...... |zn|

(x) |z1 + z2|2 + |z1 – z2|2 = 2(|z1|2 + |z2|2)

(xi) |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 Re (z1 z2 )

(xii) |z1 – z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 – 2 Re (z1 z2 )

Ex.10 For any two complex numbers z1 and z2 and any real numbers a and b;

|(az1 – bz2)|2 + |(bz1 + az2)|2 =

[1] (a2 + b2) (|z1| + |z2|) [2] (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2) [3] (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 – |z2|2) [4] none of these

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Sol. |(az1 – bz2)|2 + |(bz1 + az2)|2

= a2 |z1|2 + b2 |z2|2 – 2ab Re (z1z2 ) + b2 |z1|2 + a2 |z2|2 + 2ab Re (z1z2 )

= (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2) Ans.(2)

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2
Ex.11 The maximum value of |z| where z satisfies the condition z   2 is
z

[1] 3 1 [2] 3 1 [3] 3 [4] 2 3

2 2 2 48
Sol. z  2  |z| – 2  |z|2 – 2 |z| – 2  0  |z|   1 3
z |z| 2

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Hence max. value of |z| is 1 + 3. Ans.(2)

8. Argument of a Complex Number

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The amplitude or argument of a complex number z is the
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inclination of the directed line segment representing z, with
>

x  0, y  0 x  0, y  0
y 1 
real axis. If z = x + iy then amp( z )  tan   y y
x     tan 1   tan 1
x x
The argument of any complex number is not unique. >X
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x  0, y  0 x  0, y  0
2n +  (n integer) is also argument of z for various values
1 y y
of n. The value of  satisfying the inequality – <   is     tan    tan 1
x x
called the principle value of the argument.

For finding the principle argument of any complex number first check that the complex number is in which
quadrant and then find the angle  and amplitude using the adjacent figure.

Note : (i) If a complex number is multiplied by iota(i) its amplitude will be be increased by /2 and will be decreased
by /2, if is multiplied by –i.

(ii) Amplitude of complex number in I and II quadrant is always positive and in III and IV is always negative.

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(iii) Argument of zero is not defined. Y

>
Q  z2 
(iv) Let z1,z2 ,z3 be the affixes of P, Q, R respectively in the R  z3 
Argand Plane. Then from the figure the angle between PQ
and PR is 
< P z

)
 1
  z -z 
  2  1 = arg PR - arg PQ = arg  3 1 
 z 2 - z1  2
1

)
>X

)
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Properties of Arguments

(i) arg (z1z2) = arg(z1) + arg(z2) (ii) arg(z1/z2) = arg(z1) – arg(z2)

(iii) arg(zn) = n arg(z) (iv) If arg (z) = 0 z is a positive real number

(v) arg(z) + arg( z ) = 0 (vi) arg(z – z ) = ± /2

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(vii) arg(z) =  z is a negative real number (viii) arg( z ) = – arg (z) = arg(1/z)

(ix) arg(–z) = arg(z) ±  (x) arg(i y) = /2 if y > 0

= – /2 if y < 0 (where y  R)

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Ex.12 Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers with  and  as their principal arguments such that  +  > , then
principal arg (z1 z2) is given by

[1]  +  +  [2]  +  –  [3]  +  –2 [4]  + 

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Sol. We know that principal argument of a complex number lie between – and , but  +  > , therefore principal
arg (z1z2) = arg z1 + arg z2 =  + , is given by  +  – 2. Ans.(3)

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Ex.13 The amplitude of the complex number z = sin  + i (1 – cos ) is
 
[1] 2 sin [2] [3]  [4] None of these
2 2
Sol. z = sin  + i (1 – cos )
 2  
 2 sin 
 1  cos   1  2 
   tan
 arg (z) = tan–1  sin      
 2 sin cos 
 2 2 
 
= tan–1 tan   = Ans.(2)
2 2
  
Ex.14 The amplitude of sin  i 1  cos 
5  5 
 2  
[1] [2] [3] [4]
5 5 10 15
          
Sol. sin  i 1  cos   2 sin cos  i2 sin 2  2 sin  cos  i sin 
5  5  10 10 10 10  10 10 

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
sin
10  tan  
For amplitude, tan  =  10  = . Ans.(3)
cos 10
10
9. Square root of a Complex Number
If z  x  iy

suppose z = x + iy = a + ib

 x  iy  a2  b2  2iab
On comparing the real and imaginary parts

x  a2  b2 , y  2ab

Now, a2  b2  x 2  y2  z .....(i)

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a 2  b2  x .....(ii)

z x z x
From Equation (i) and (ii) a   , b
2 2
Solving these two equations we shall get the required square roots as follows :

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 z x z x  z x z x 
 i  if y  0    and  i  if y  0
 2 2   2 2 
 

Ex.15 The square roots of 7 + 24i is.

(1) ± (4 + 3i) (2) ±(3 + 4i) (3) ± (2 + 3i) (4) ± (4 – 3i)

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1/ 2 1/ 2
 25  7   25  7  

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Sol. Here | z | = 25, x = 7, Hence square root =   2  i    = ± (4 + 3i) Ans.(1)
   2  

10. Different Ways of Writing a Complex Number

z = a + ib (Algebraic form)
z = r (cos  + i sin ) (Polar form)
where r is modulus of complex number and  is it's argument.
z = r ei
ei = cos  + i sin  (Euler's formula)
–i
e = cos  – i sin 

e i  e i e i  ei
cos  = , sin  
2 2i
Ex.16 If z = rei, then |eiz| =

[1] er sin [2] e–r sin [3] e–r cos [4] er cos

Sol. If z = r ei = r (cos  + i sin )

 iz = ir (cos  + i sin ) = –r sin  + ir cos 
or eiz = e(–r sin  + ir cos ) = e–r sin  eri cos 
or |eiz| = |e–r sin| |eri cos|
= e–r sin
[cos2 (r cos ) + sin2 (r cos )]1/2 = e–r sin  Ans.(2)
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11. Rotation Theorem
Imaginary
z2  z0 z1  z 0 i  Axis
= e z2
| z2  z0 | | z1  z 0 |
(2–)
z1  z0 z2  z0 z2  z0  z1
or = e i(2) = e i  z0
| z1  z0 | | z2  z0 | | z2  z0 |
Real Axis
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Ex.17 If the points z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle in the complex plane, then the value of
z12 + z22 + z32 is equal to
z1 z 2 z 3 z1 z 2 z 3
[1] z  z  z [2] z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 [3] z1z2 – z2z3 – z3z1 [4]  z  z  z
2 3 1 2 3 1

Sol. AC  AB ei / 3 A(z1)

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By rotating /3 in clockwise sense
 (z3 – z1) = (z2 – z1)ei/3 ....(i)
i/3
Also (z1 – z2) = (z3 – z2) e ....(ii)
z 3  z1 z 2  z1 B(z2) C(z3)
DIviding (i) by (ii) we get  z  z  z  z

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1 2 3 2

 z12 + z22 + z32 = z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 Ans.(2)

12. Geometry of Complex Numbers

Distance Formula : Distance between two points z1 and z2 is given by |z1 – z2|

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Section Formula : If the line segment joining A (z1) and B(z2) is divided by the point P(z) internally in the

m1z2  m2 z1

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ratio m1 : m2 then z
m1  m2

m1z2  m2 z1
But if P divides AB externally in the ratio m 1 : m2, then z 
m1  m2
z1  z2
If P is mid point of AB, then z 
2

z1 z1 1
1
Area of a triangle : Area of triangle ABC with vertices A(z1), B(z2) and C(z3) is given by   | z 2 z2 1 |
4
z3 z3 1

Condition for Collinearity : There points z 1, z2 and z3 will be collinear if there exists a relation
az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 (a, b and c are real), such that a + b + c = 0. In other words.
z1 z1 1
Three points z1, z2 and z3 are collinear if z2 z2 1  0
z3 z3 1

Equation of Straight Line:

Equation of straight line through z1 and z2 is given by

z  z1 z  z1

z2  z1 z2  z1

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z z 1
 z1 z1 1  0
z2 z2 1

The general equation of straight line is

a z  a z  b  0 , where b is a real number..

Equation of the perpendicular bisector

P(z)
The equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining points |z

|
- z2

1
-z
|

|z
A(z1) and B(z2) is

|z – z1| = |z – z2| A(z1) B(z2)

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Equation of a Circle

The equation of a circle with centre z0 and radius r is |z – z0| = r .

The general equation of a circle is z z  a z  a z  b  0 , where b is a real number..

The centre of this circle is '–a' and its radius is aa  b .

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Note:

z  z1
(i)  k is a circle if k  1 and is a line if k = 1
z  z2

 (z  z3 ) (z1  z 4 ) 
(ii) If arg  2    , 0, then the points z1, z2, z3, z4 are concyclic.

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 (z1  z3 ) (z 2  z 4 ) 

(iii) z  z0  r represents interior of the circle z  z0  r and z  z0  r represents exterior of the circle

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z  z0  r

Equation of Ellipse

|z – z1| + |z – z2| = 2a, where 2a > |z1 – z2|, then the point z describle on ellipse having foci at z1 and
z2 and a  R+.

Equation of Hyperbola

If |z – z1| – |z – z2| = 2a, where 2a < |z1 – z2|, then the point z describes a hyperbola having foci at
z1 and z2 and a  R+.

Some properties of triangle

z1  z 2  z 3
(i) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of triangle then centroid z0 may be given as z0 =
3

(ii) If z1, z2, z3 are vertices of an equilateral triangle then the circumcentre z0 may be given as

z12 + z22 + z32 = 3z02

(iii) If z1, z2, z3 be the vertices of an equilateral triangle then z12 + z22 + z32 = z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1

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(iv) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an isosceles triangle, right angled at z2 then
z12 + 2z22 + z32 = 2z2 (z1 + z3)
(v) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of right angled at z3 isoceles triangle then (z1 – z2)2 = 2(z1 – z3) (z3 – z2)
z 3  z1 z 3  z1
(vi) If three points z1, z2, z3 are collinear then , z  z =
2 1 z 2  z1

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Ex.18 The points represented by the complex numbers 1 + i, – 2 + 3i, i on the Argand diagram are
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[1] Vertices of an equilateral triangle [2] Vertices of an isosceles triangle
[3] Collinear [4] None of these
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Sol. Let z1 = 1 + i, z2 = –2 + 3i and z3 = 0 + i
3

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x1 y1 1 1 1 1
x2 y2 1   2 3 1
Then
x3 y3 1 0 5/3 1
 5   10  4 10 4  6  10
 1  3    1( 2)  1    2  0 Ans.(3)
 3  3  3 3 3

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Ex.19 If the complex numbers, z1, z2, z3 represent the vertices of an equilateral triangle such that z1  z 2  z 3 , then

z1 + z2 + z3 =
[1] 0 [2] 1 [3] –1 [4] None of these
Sol. Let the complex number z1, z2, z3 denote the vertices A, B, C of an equilateral triangle ABC. Then, if O be the

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origin we have OA = z1, OB = z2, OC = z3
Therefore |z1| = |z2| = |z3|  OA = OB = OC
i.e., O is then circumcentre of ABC

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Hence z1 + z2 + z3 = 0. Ans.(1)

Ex.20 If z  2 , then the points representing the complex numbers –1 + 5z will lie on a

[1] Circle [2] Straight line [3] Parabola [4] None of these
Sol. Let  = –1 + 5z, then  + 1 = 5z
 | + 1| = 5 |z| = 5 × 2 = 10 ( |z| = 2, given value)
Thus  lies on a circle. Ans.(1)

Ex.21 The equation zz  (2  3i) z  (2  3i) z  4  0 represents a circle of radius

[1] 2 [2] 3 [3] 4 [4] 6

Sol. Here a = 2 – 3i, a  2  3i and b = 4.
Hence radius = aa  b = ( 2  3i)( 2  3i)  4  3 Ans.(2)

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Solved Examples
100
k
Ex.1 If i
k 0
 x  iy, then the values of x and y are

[1] x = –1, y = 0 [2] x = 1, y = 1 [3] x = 1, y = 0 [4] x = 0, y = 1

100
k
Sol. i
k 0
 x  iy,  1 + i + i2 + ........+ i100 = x + iy

1.(1  i101 )
Given series is G.P.   x  iy
1 i
1 i
  x  iy  1 + 0i = x + iy
1 i
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get the required result. Ans.(3)

Ex.2

Sol.

Ex.3

Sol.
If i =

[1] 2 – i
2 3 6 8
2 3 6 8

1 + i + i – i + i = 1 – 1 – i + 1 + 1 = 2 – i.

(1)  – i
2 2
[2] 1

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 1 , then 1 + i + i – i + i is equal to-

[3] 3

If (1 + i) ( 1 + 2i) ( 1 + 3i) .... (1 + ni) =  + i then 2 . 5 . 10 ... (1 + n2) =

(2) 2 – 2

We have, 1  i . 1  2i . 1  3i ..... 1  ni    i
2 2
(3) 2 + 2
[4] –1

(4) none of these

Ans.(1)

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 
 1  1 . 1  4  . 1  9  .... 1  n 2   2   2


 2.5.10..... 1  n2   2  2  Ans.(3)

Ex.4

Sol.

Ex.5
If z  i  1 , then locus of z is


zi

(1) x-axis

We have,

(1) 0
x  i  y  1
x  i  y  1
z i
zi
 1

2
x  i  y  1
x  i  y  1

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(2) y-axis

1

2
 1  x 2   y  1  x 2   y  1

For any complex number z, the minimum value of | z | + | z – 1 | is

(2) 1
2
(3) x = 1 (4) y = 1

 4y  0;y  0 , which is x-axis

(3) 1/2 (4) 3/2

Ans.(1)

Sol. We have, z1  z2  z1  z2  z1  z2  z1  z2

 z  z  1  z  1 z  z   1 z   1   z  1  1  z 

 z  z  1 1

 Minimum value of z  z  1 is 1 Ans.(2)

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Ex.6 If z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1  z2 ans |z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real part and z2 has negative
z1  z2
imaginary part, then may be
z1  z2

(1) real and positive (2) real and negative (3) purely imaginary (4) zero of purealy imaginary

Sol. Let z1 = x + iy and z2 = p + iq

Then |z1| = |z2|  x2 + y2 = p2 + q2 .....(1)

z1  z2 (x  p)  i (y  q) 2i(xq  yp)
Now z  z  (x  p)  i (y  q) = (x  p)2  (y  q)2 .....(2)
1 2

If xq + yp  0 then given expression is purely imaginary

x y
If xq + yp = 0, then   (say)
p q

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Then from (1) p2 + q2 = 2(p2 + q2) 2 = 1  = 1, – 1

For both values of , z1  z2 but |z1| = |z2|. So in this case given expression is zero. Ans.(4)

Ex.7 If z is a non-real complex number lying on the circle | z | = 1, then z is equal to

 arg z   arg z 
1  itan   1  i tan  

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 2   2  1  i tan(arg z)
(1) (2) (3) (4) none of these
 arg z   arg z  1  itan(arg z)
1  i tan   1  itan  
 2   2 
Sol. Since z  1 ,

 let z  cos   isin 

   
1  tan2 1  tan2

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2i tan  2itan
 z 2  2  2 2
2  2  2 
1  tan 1  tan 1  tan
2 2 2

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2
    argz 
1  itan  1  i tan 1  itan  
 2 2   2 
 
   
1  itan
  arg z 
1  i tan 
 argz    Ans.(2)
1  itan  1  i tan  2 
 2  2  2 

z2
Ex.8 If z is a point on the Argand plane such that |z – 1| = 1, then is equal to
z
(1) tan (arg z) (2) cot (arg z) (3) i tan (arg z) (4) none of these

Sol. Since |z – 1| = 1,

 let z  1  cos   isin 

Then, z  2  cos   isin   1

     
 2sin2  2isin cos  2isin  cos  isin  .... (1)
2 2 2 2 2 2

and z  1  cos   isin 

     
 2cos2  2isin cos  2cos  cos  isin  .... (2)
2 2 2 2 2 2

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z2    
From (1) and (2), we get  i tan  i tan  arg z   arg z  2 from  2   Ans.(3)
z 2  

Ex.9 The range of real number  for which the equation z +  | z – 1 | + 2i = 0 has a solution is
 5 5  3 3  5  5  5 
 
(1)  2 , 2  (2)  2 , 2  (3) 0, 2  (4)   , 2    2 ,  
       
   
2
Sol. We have, z   z  1  2i  0  x  i  y  2    x  1  y2  0

Equating real and imaginary parts

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y  2  0  y  2 and x    x  1 4 0

   
 x 2   2 x 2  2x  5 or 1   2 x 2  2 2 x  5 2  0

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 5
Since x is real,  D  B2  4AC  0  
 4 4  20 2 1   2  0  4 4  5 2  0  4 2   2    0
 4

5  5  5
2
Now  being real implies 2 is + ve and hence we conclude that   is –ve or      
4 

2  2  is –ve.

5 5

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  Ans.(1)
2 2

1 1 1
Ex.10 If |z1| = |z2| = ..... = |zn| = 1, then z  z  ......  z
1 2 n

(1) = |z1 + z2 + .... + zn| (2) < |z1 + z2 + .... + zn|

(3) > |z1 + z2 + .... + zn| (4) = 1

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Sol. Given, z1  z2  ....  zn  1 .......(i)

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1 1 1 z1 z2 zn z1 z2 zn
Now, z  z  .....  z  z z  z z  ..... z z  2
 2
 ..... 2  z1  z2  .....  zn from i 
1 2 n 1 1 2 2 n n z1 z2 zn

 z1  z 2  ....  z n  z  z  Ans.(1)

z1 z 2
Ex.11 Let z1 and z2 be two complex number such that   1 , then
z2 z1

(1) z1, z2 are collinear (2) z1, z2 and the origin form a right angled triangle
(3) z1, z2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle (4) none of these

z1 z 2
Sol. We have, z  z  1  z12  z 22  z1z 2  z12  z 22  z32  z1z 2  z 2 z 3  z 3 z1 ,
2 1

where z3  0 .  z1,z2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle. Ans.(3)

Ex.12 The region of Argand diagram defined by |z – 1| + |z + 1|  4 is

(1) interior of an ellipse (2) exterior of a circle (3) interior and boundary of an ellipse (4) noen of these

Sol. Here, |z1 – z2| = |1 – (–1)| = 2 and a = 4  |z1 – z2| < a.

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hence region represented by |z – 1| + |z + 1|  4 is an interior and boundary of an ellipse. Ans.(3)

Ex.13 The locus of the complex number z in an argand plane satisfying the inequality
 | z  1| 4   2
log1/ 2    1  where | z  1|   is
 3 | z  1| 2   3

(1) a circle (2) interior of a circle (3) exterior of a circle (4) none of these

 z 1  4   1
Sol. We have, log1/ 2  3 z  1  2   1  log1/ 2  2 
   

z 1  4 1

3 z 1  2

2
1  loga x is a decrea sin g function if a  1

 z 1  4  3 z 1  2  2 z 1  6  z 1  3

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which is an exterior of a circle. Ans.(3)

Ex.14 If z1, z2, z3, z4 are represented by the vertices of a rhombus taken in the anticlockwise order, then

z2  z4  z1  z2 
(1) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (2) z1+ z2+ z3 + z4 = 0 (3) amp z  z  2 (4) amp z  z  2
1 3 3 4

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Sol. Since diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other

z1  z 3 z 2  z 4
   z 0  say   z1  z2  z3  z 4  0 Z2 Z1
2 2
Also, since diagonals of a rhombus are at right angles

z 2  z0 
 amp 

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z1  z0 2 Z0
O
z2 + z4
z2 
2  z2 - z4 

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 amp =  amp =
z + z3 2 z1 - z3 2 Ans.(3)
z1  1
2 Z3 Z4

Ex.15 The complex numbers z1, z2, z3 are the vertices A, B, C of a parallelogram ABCD, then the fourth vertex D is
1 1 1
(1) (z1 + z2) (2) (z1 + z2 + z3 + z4) (3) (z1 + z2 + z3) (4) z1 + z3  z2
2 4 2
Sol. Let the fourth vertex D be z4.
Since the points z1, z2, z3, z4 are the vertices of a parallelogram, therefore, equating the complex numbers
corresponding to the mid points of the two diagonals, we have
z1  z 3 z 2  z 4
 or z1  z3  z 2  z4  z 4  z1  z 3  z 2 Ans.(4)
2 2
2 2
Ex.16 Let z1 and z2 be two non-real complex cube roots of unity and z  z1  z  z 2   be the equation of a circle
with z1,z2 as ends of a diameter then the value of  is
z
(1) 4 (2) 3 z 
z  2
(3) 2 (4) 2

Sol.
2
z    z  2
2
 2
 2

2
     2 Ans (2)

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