COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
COMMUNICATION: the process of conveying
information between 2 or more people.
COMMUNICATE: to share
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
1. SENDER: a party that sends the message
2. CHANNEL: must be selected, it is the manner by
which a message is sent
- May include speaking, writing, etc.
3. RECEIVER: must be able to decode the message
which means mentally processing the message into
understanding
4. FEEDBACK (response): a message that the receiver
returns to the sender
MODES OF COMMUNICATION:
1. VERBAL/ ORAL: spoken or written
a. Simplicity: use of commonly understood words,
brevity, and completeness.
b. Clarity and Brevity: clarity is saying precisely
what is meant. Brevity is the fewest words used.
i. Simple and clear
c. Timing and Relevance: the timing needs to be
appropriate to ensure that words are heard.
d. Adaptability: it is important for the nurse to then
modify his or her tone of speech and express
concern by facial expression while moving
toward the client.
e. Credibility: nurses should convey confidence and
certainty in what they are saying while being able
to acknowledge their limitations.
2. NON-VERBAL: gestures, facial expressions, and
touch
a. Personal Appearance: clothing and etc.
b. Posture and Gait
c. Facial Expression
d. Facial Expression
e. Gestures
3. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION:
FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNICATION:
1. Status/ role
2. Cultural Differences
3. Choice of Communication Channel
4. Length of Communication
5. Use of Language
6. Disabilities
7. Known or Unknown Receiver
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION:
- Involves the use of techniques such as silence,
offering self, restating, reflecting, and seeking
clarification
- It requires the components of empathy, positive
regard, positive sense of self
- It is healing and bringing about positive change
through open communication
NURSE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP:
- The nurse and the client work together to assist
the client to grow and solve his problems
PHASES OF THE HELPING RELATIONSHIP:
1. PRE-INTERACTION PHASE
o Similar to the planning stage before an
interview—nurses have information before
the face to face
o The nurse recognizes her own feelings
o Focus on the plan for information to be
discussed
2. INTRODUCTORY PHASE:
o Set the tone for the rest of the relationship
o Closely observe each other and form
judgments about each other’s behavior
o Opening relationships, clarifying the
problem, building trust
3. WORKING PHASE:
o The client and nurse begin to see each other
as unique individuals
o Begin to explore thoughts and feelings
o Begin to take action to meet goals
o Nurse helps clients with long- and short-
term goals
o The nurses reinforce successes and helps the
client to deal realistically with failure
4. TERMINATION PHASE
o Nurse and client accept feelings of ending
the relationship
o The client has developed independence and
has no feelings of anxiety or dependence
NON-THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
TECHNIQUES:
- It involves the use of barriers such as giving
reassurance, rejecting, giving approval or
disapproval, agreeing, giving advice.
- Overloading, value judgment