Chapter 2

Electrical Machines
Module3 :Topic 2
Method of starting &
Types of Single Phase
Induction motor
Dr. M. Nirmala /AP-III

Department of Electrical & Electronics

Engineering
Methods for Making Single Phase Induction
as Self Starting Motor
• The single-phase induction motors are not self-starting because the
produced stator flux is alternating in nature and at the starting, the
two components of this flux cancel each other and hence there is no
net torque.
• The solution to this problem is that if make the stator flux rotating
type, rather than alternating type, which rotates in one direction only.
• Then the induction motor will become self-starting.

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 Contd…
• Now for producing this rotating magnetic field, require two
alternating flux, having some phase difference angle between
them.
• When these two fluxes interact with each other, they will produce
a resultant flux. This resultant flux is rotating in nature and rotates
in space in one particular direction only.
• Once the motor starts running, we can remove the additional flux.
• The motor will continue to run under the influence of the main
flux only.

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Types of single phase induction motor:

➢Some of the methods used to make an induction motor self

starting.
➢Based on these techniques, the single phase induction motor are
classified as follows:
1. Split phase induction motor
2. Capacitor start induction motor
3. Capacitor start, capacitor run induction motor
4. Shaded pole induction motor.

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 1.Split Phase Induction Motor

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 Split Phase Induction Motor
• The Split Phase Motor is also known as a Resistance Start Motor.
• It has a single cage rotor, and its stator has two windings known as
main winding and starting winding.
• Both the windings are displaced 90 degrees in space.
• The main winding has very low resistance and a high inductive
reactance whereas the starting winding has high resistance and low
inductive reactance.

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 Contd…
• The current in the main winding (IM) lag behind
the supply voltage V almost by the 90- degree
angle.
• The current in the starting winding Ist is
approximately in phase with the line voltage.
• Thus, there exists the time difference between the
currents of the two windings.
• The time phase difference ϕ is not 90 degrees, but
of the order of 30 degrees.
• This phase difference is enough to produce a
rotating magnetic field.
• The Connection Diagram of the motor is shown
below.

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 Contd…
• Phase angle between Is and Im is made as large as
possible because the starting torque of a split phase
motor is proportional to sin α.
• A centrifugal switch S is connected in series with the
starting winding and located inside the motor.
• Its function is to automatically disconnect the
starting winding from the supply when the motor
has reached 70 to 80 percent of its full load speed.
• The starting torque is 150 to 200 percent of the full
load torque.
• Starting current is 6 to 8 times the full load
current.

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 Characteristics
• The Torque Speed Characteristic of the Split Phase motor is shown below.

• The direction of the Resistance Start motor can be reversed by reversing the line
connection of either the main winding or the starting winding.
• The reversal of the motor is possible at the standstill condition only.
• The direction of rotation changes due to the reversal in direction of rotating
magnetic field.
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 Applications
➢The starting torque of this motor is poor.
• This type of motor is not used for drives which require more than 1 KW
because of the low starting torque.
• Split phase induction motors have low starting current and moderate
starting torque.
➢These motors are available in the size ranging from 1/20 to 1/2 KW.
➢So it is used in following applications:
1. Fans and blowers
2. Washing machines
3. Centrifugal pumps, grinder, lathes, air conditioning fans, etc

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