EDC H2S and Gas Testing

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Hydrogen Sulfide and

Gas Testing om
Manual
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Egyptian Drilling Company Training Center
https://oil-com.blogspot.com/
Egyptian Drilling Company

EDC Training Center
Hazardous Atmosphere
An atmosphere which exposes person or persons to a risk of death,
incapacitation, injury, or acute illness.
Safety Data Sheet Contents

• Identification
• Hazard(s) identification
• Composition/ ingredients
• First-aid measures
• Fire-fighting measures
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• Accidental release measures
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• Handling and storage
• Exposure controls/personal protection
• Physical and chemical properties
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• Stability and reactivity

• Toxicological information
• Ecological information (Non-mandatory)
• Disposal considerations (Non-mandatory)
• Transport information (Non-mandatory)
• Regulatory information (Non-mandatory)
• Other information, including date of preparation
H2S and Gas Testing Manual

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EDC Training Center
Hazard Communication
Symbol Meaning
Gas Under Pressure
Serious Health Hazards/Long term

health hazard
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Toxic
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Corrosive
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Oxidizing
Dangerous to the environment
Caution/Health Hazard
Explosive

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EDC Training Center
Protective measure while dealing with chemicals

PPE for face, hands, body, lungs, etc. Shall be provided and used by all
personnel when performing specific jobs such as mixing, handling, or
using chemicals and paints, this includes:
• Chemical goggles and full face shield must be worn when mixing
or pouring paints or when there exists the possibility of paint and
chemicals splashing into the face.
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• Proper and approved type respiratory protection equipment is
required at all times when solvents and vapors may be inhaled.
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• Painters and Helpers must wear adequate protective clothing to
protect the skin from paints and solvents.
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• Long sleeve shirts meet this requirement while spray painting.
• Aprons, rubber gloves and face shields are required while mixing
and pouring paints and solvents, and also while washing spray
pots

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EDC Training Center
Oxygen
 "Oxygen-deficient atmosphere" means an atmosphere having an

oxygen concentration of less than 19.5 percent by volume.
 "Oxygen-enriched atmosphere" means an atmosphere that

contains 23 percent or more oxygen by volume.
Danger of enriched amount of oxygen

• Increased fire risk
• Human intoxication om
Danger of Deficient amount of oxygen
• Giddiness, mental confusion, weakness, nausea, fainting.
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• Loss of consciousness and death.
Deficiency of oxygen may be caused by:

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• Rusting
• Welding, burning or a fire (Combustion)
• Displacement by another inert gas (N2,Co2,Ar)
• Chemicals (drying paint, coatings)
Enrichment of Oxygen can be caused by:

• Leaking oxygen hose ( oxy/acetylene)
• Chemicals reactions

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Flammable Gases
Flammable Atmosphere:
• Atmospheres with a concentration of
flammable vapors at or above 10 percent
of the lower explosive limit (LEL) are
considered hazardous when located in
confined spaces
Range of Flammable Gases

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• Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
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 Lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapour in air
capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition
source (arc, flame, heat).
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 The measurement unit used in gas meters
• Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

 Highest concentration (percentage) of a
gas or a vapour in air capable of
producing a flash of fire in presence of
an ignition source (arc, flame, heat).
 Above this limit the mixture of gas in air
is too rich to burn

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EDC Training Center
Toxic Gases
How is it formed?
H2S is produced naturally from decaying organic matter.
Where is it found?
• Sewage sludge
• Sulfur hot springs
• With natural gas
• Septic and rubbish pits. om
• Sewer and waste water treatment
• Food processing.
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• Hot asphalt paving
• Mining
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EDC Training Center
Characteristics of H2S
• Extremely toxic.
• Colourless.
• Smells like rotten egg in small concentrations.
• Burns with blue flame and produce SO2
• Heavier than air
• Ignition temperature 260 deg. C
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• Highly corrosive to certain materials
• Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Locations on rig Site where hydrogen sulfide could be found

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• Rig floor
• Shale shaker
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• Bell nipple
• Cellar
• Mud /Closed storage tanks

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EDC Training Center
Hydrogen Sulfide effects on human

0.01-1.5 ppm: odour threshold (when rotten egg smell is first
noticeable to some)
2-5 ppm: prolonged exposure may cause nausea, tearing of the eyes,
headaches
20 ppm: Possible fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, irritability, poor
memory, dizziness.
100 ppm: Coughing, eye irritation, loss of smell after 2-15 minutes,
hour
100-150 ppm: loss of smell
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altered breathing, drowsiness after 15-30min. Throat irritation after 1
200-300 ppm: Marked conjunctivitis and respiratory tract irritation

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after 1 hour
500-700 ppm: staggering, collapse in 5minutes. Serious damage to eyes
in 30min, death after 30-60 minutes
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700-1000 ppm: Rapid unconsciousness, breath stops, death within

minutes
Above 1000 ppm: Nearly instant death
Conversion from PPM to percentage

1 PPM= 0.0001%

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EDC Training Center
Durations related to toxic gases

• Time Weighted Average (TWA)
 Time weighted average refers to a concentration of H2S and SO2
in air measured over a given time period of 8 hours.
 TWA for H2S = 10 ppm.
• Short Term Exposure limit (STEL)

 STEL is the maximum concentration permitted for a short period
of time (15min.)
 STEL for H2S = 15 ppm.
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There are several reasons for H2S appearing in drilling mud:
 The main source of this is contaminant originates from the
formation being drilled.
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 Other sources are through bacterial reduction or
degradation in the drilling mud.
• The chemical balance forms H2S when the PH drops below
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7.”Acid”.
• When only minimal amount of H2S are encountered, the H2S can
often be controlled by increasing the PH value.

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EDC Training Center
H2S Effects on materials

• Sulfide Stress Corrosion is a special corrosion
type and has special importance in oil and gas
industry.
• The most significant string failures can be
associated with Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion,
This type of corrosion forms cracks in the steel in
combination with tension and torque applied
due to migration of hydrogen molecules the
string can fail.
Gas Testing
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Purpose of Gas Testing
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• Evaluation of the hazards in the working area
• Verification that acceptable entry conditions exist
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• Provide monitoring of an area to ensure the continued

safety of a workplace
Operations requiring gas testing

• Hot Work
 Welding, Burning, Cutting, Riveting,
Using hand drills, Grit blasting

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EDC Training Center
• Equipment that could produce sparks

• Electrical equipment which is not intrinsically
safe (Not Ex. proof)
• Working in Confined Spaces
When to test
• Test conditions in the permit space to determine if acceptable
entry conditions exist before entry is authorized to begin.
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• Initial testing of the atmosphere of a confined space must be
performed from the outside of the confined space, and before
ventilating, to determine what precautions should be taken.
• Consideration must be given to any possible hazards when
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planning testing of confined spaces.
• The space shall be tested until continuous acceptable readings are
taken at 5 minute intervals.
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Sequence of Testing
• When testing for atmospheric hazards, test first for oxygen,
then for combustible gases and vapors, and then for toxic
gases and vapors.
• Provide at least one attendant outside the permit space into
which entry is authorized for the duration of entry
operations.

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EDC Training Center
• A test for oxygen is performed first because most combustible gas

meters are oxygen dependent and will not provide reliable
readings in an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
• Combustible gases are tested for next because the threat of fire
or explosion is both more immediate and more life threatening, in
most cases, than exposure to toxic gases and vapors.
• If tests for toxic gases and vapors are necessary, they are
performed last.
How to test om
• Some gases are lighter than air and some are heavier
 Lighter than air gases will rise and may be trapped below
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ceilings
 Gases that are heavier than air will tend to hug the ground
and fall to lower levels
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EDC Training Center
• Atmospheric conditions must also be considered (temperature,

wind speed and direction)
• For ‘Hot Work’ there should be No hydrocarbon gas present
Verification testing
• The atmosphere of a permit space which may contain a hazardous
atmosphere should be tested for residues of all contaminants
identified by evaluation testing using permit specified equipment
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to determine that residual concentrations at the time of testing
and entry are within the range of acceptable entry conditions.
• Results of testing (i.e., actual concentration, etc.) should be
recorded on the permit in the space provided adjacent to the
stipulated acceptable entry condition.
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Duration of testing.
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• Measurement of values for each atmospheric parameter should

be made for at least the minimum response time of the test
instrument specified by the manufacturer.

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EDC Training Center
Basic Instrument Checks for portable detectors

• Read the manufacturers meter instructions
• Know the instrument limitations
• Check the general condition of meter
• The meter is within its calibration date
• The battery has been charged
• Ensure that the sensor intakes are not blocked
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• Check that any sample probes or aspirators are in good condition
Users of Gas Detection System must:

• Able to use gas detection device and know its
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functions
• Know who to contact in case a problem arise
• Know the local hazards which may affect the
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worksite
• Adequately trained and authorised
• Sufficiently knowledgeable to interpret and record the results
correctly
• Aware of the likely contaminants
• Make sure that gas tests are carried out at the correct timing
• Authorised and registered on the rig or installation that they are
currently working on

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EDC Training Center
Emergency Procedures
• Most important point to put on your mask and escape from area
as quickly as possible.
• Locate wind indicator then go upwind.
• Never assume the shortest route is the safest route
always use the safest route.
• Follow the instructions.
• Know your role in the station bill.
Respiratory Protection
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Air purifying respirator
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• Means a respirator with an air purifying filter,
cartridge or canister that removes specific air
contaminants by passing ambient air through the
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air purifying element.
Atmosphere supplying respirator

• Means a respirator that supplies the respirator user
with breathing air from a source independent of the
ambient atmosphere, and includes supplied air
respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA) units.

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EDC Training Center
Supplied-air respirator (SAR) or airline respirator

• Means an atmosphere-supplying
respirator for which the source of
breathing air is not designed to be
carried by the user.
Self-Contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
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• Means an atmosphere-supplying respirator
for which the breathing air source is
designed to be carried by the user
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SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) - Escape Set
• 15 min duration from 2 litre or 3 litre air cylinder 200 bar.
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EDC Training Center
• ± 30 min duration from air cylinder 6 litre 300 bar or from cascade
system.
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EDC Training Center
Demand Valve
• Regulates the flow of air into the face mask.
• Satisfies the operator’s requirement of air
• Sustains positive pressure
• Screw in Connector with swivel feature
• Detachable
• Supplementary air supply button
• Manually operated reset button
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Powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR)
• Means an air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the
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ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering.
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EDC Training Center
Measuring time for air bottle

• An adult may breathe approximately 5-8 liters of air/minute.
During moderate exercise, an adult personnel can breathe 40
liters/minute
Example: If we have a bottle as follows:
 6 liter * 200 bar = 1200 (Volume)
 1200/40 = 30 min.
Storage of Respirators om
• All respirators shall be stored to protect
them from damage, contamination, dust,
sunlight, extreme temperatures, excessive
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moisture, damaging chemicals.
• All respirators shall be packed or stored to
prevent deformation of the face piece and
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exhalation valve
• All respirators shall be kept accessible to the
work area.
• Stored in compartments or in covers that are
clearly marked as containing emergency
respirators.
• Stored in accordance with any applicable
manufacturer instructions.

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EDC Training Center
Inspection of Respirators
• All respirators used in routine situation shall be inspected before
each use and during cleaning.
• All respirators maintained for use in emergency situations shall be

inspected at least monthly and in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations and shall be checked for proper function
before and after each use.
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• A check of respirator function ,tightness of connections, the
condition of the various parts including but not limited to:
 Face piece
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 Head straps
 Valves connecting tube
 Cartridges
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 Canister or filters
 Signs of deterioration

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EDC Training Center
Negative and Positive Respirator tests

• Negative pressure respirator (tight fitting) means
a respirator in which the air pressure inside the
face-piece is negative during inhalation with
respect to the ambient air pressure outside the
respirator.
• Positive pressure respirator means a respirator in
which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet
covering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside
the respirator.
Repairs
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• Repairs or adjustments to respirators are to be made only by
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persons appropriately trained to perform such operations and
shall use only the respirator manufacturer’s NIOSH approved
parts designed for the respirator.
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• Repairs shall be made according to the manufacturer’s

recommendations and specifications for the type and extent of
repairs to be performed.

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EDC Training Center
First Aid Procedures

• Never enter the contaminated area before putting on breathing
apparatus.
• Remove victim from contaminated area into fresh air as soon as
possible.
• If breathing has stopped, start artificial respiration immediately.
• Keep patient warm and at rest.
• Get patient to doctor as soon as possible, but continue artificial
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respiration in route if breathing stops.
• If an oxygen resuscitator is available, use instead of artificial
respiration, as oxygen will more quickly oxidize H2S in the blood;
however, begin with artificial respiration rather than wait for a
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resuscitator.
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EDC Training Center
• After removing the victim from the H2S contaminated areas;

check his breathing, if he still breathing put him in recovery
position.
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• If he don’t breath use C.P.R. technique
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EDC H2S and Gas Testing

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https://oil-com.blogspot.

Hydrogen Sulfide and

Egyptian Drilling Company Training Center

Egyptian Drilling Company

Safety Data Sheet Contents

• Stability and reactivity

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

Gas Under Pressure

Serious Health Hazards/Long term

Dangerous to the environment

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

Protective measure while dealing with chemicals

• Long sleeve shirts meet this requirement while spray painting.

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

 "Oxygen-deficient atmosphere" means an atmosphere having an

 "Oxygen-enriched atmosphere" means an atmosphere that

Danger of enriched amount of oxygen

Deficiency of oxygen may be caused by:

Enrichment of Oxygen can be caused by:

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

Range of Flammable Gases

 The measurement unit used in gas meters

• Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

Locations on rig Site where hydrogen sulfide could be found

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

Hydrogen Sulfide effects on human

200-300 ppm: Marked conjunctivitis and respiratory tract irritation

700-1000 ppm: Rapid unconsciousness, breath stops, death within

Conversion from PPM to percentage

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

Durations related to toxic gases

• Short Term Exposure limit (STEL)

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

H2S Effects on materials

• Provide monitoring of an area to ensure the continued

Operations requiring gas testing

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

• Equipment that could produce sparks

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

• A test for oxygen is performed first because most combustible gas

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

• Atmospheric conditions must also be considered (temperature,

• Measurement of values for each atmospheric parameter should

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company

Basic Instrument Checks for portable detectors

Users of Gas Detection System must:

H2S and Gas Testing Manual

Egyptian Drilling Company