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KONSTRUKSI BETON
PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR
RUMAH TINGGAL
Proyek : Pembangunan Rumah Tinggal
DATA TEKNIS
Mutu Beton , fc = 225 kg/cm2
Mutu Baja , fy = 240 kg/cm2
Modulus Elastisitas Beton = 2,2 x 10⁵ kg/cm2
Modululus Elastisitas Baja = 2,1 x 10⁵ kg/cm2
PEMBEBANAN
Beban Mati Pada Plat Lantai
Plat Lantai Tbl. 12 cm = 2400 kg/m3
Plafond + Penggantung = 18 kg/m2
Beban Hidup
Pelat lantai = 250 kg/m2
KOMBINASI PEMBEBANAN
U = 1,2 D + 1,6 L + 0,5 A
qt = 1,2 qD + 1,6 qL
= 1,2 374 + 1,6 250
= 848,8 kg/m2
Perhitungan Momen
Tipe Pelat Lantai
2,25
2,00
Ly 2,5
= = 1,3
Lx 2,0
Data : b = 1000 mm
tebal pelat , h = 120 mm
tebal penutup , d' = 25 mm
diameter tulangan , Ø = 10 mm
fy = 240 MPa
fc = 20 MPa
dx
dy
h
d'
dx = h - d' - ½ Ø = 120 - 25 - 5 = 90 mm dy =
h - d' - Ø - ½ Ø = 120 - 25 - 10 - 5 = 80 mm
1, 4
pMin =
fy
1, 4
=
240
= 0,00583
0,85 fc ß 600
pb =
fy 600+fy
0, 85 2 0, 00 0, 85 600
=
240,00 600 + 240
= 0,04301
p Max = 0,75 p b
= 0,03225
Penulangan arah x
Mu = -234,27 kgm = -2342688 Nmm
Mu ø -2342688
Mn = = = -2928360 Nmm
0,8
Mn
Rn =
ø b d²
- 29 28 36 0
=
1000 8100
= -0,362
fy
m =
0,85 fc
240
=
0,85 20
= 14,118
1 1 - √ (1-(2mRn))
pPerlu =
m
{ fy
}
1 1 - √ (1-(2 14,118 -0,362 ))
= {
14,118 240
}
= 0,07083 -0,021
= -0,001
p min < p > p max = 0,00583 > -0,0015 > 0,03225
p pakai = -0,0015
As = pbd
= -0,0015 x 1000 x 90
= -134,1605 mm2
Penulangan arah y
Mu ø -1935264
Mn = = = -2419080 Nmm
0,8
Mn
Rn =
ø b d²
- 2419080
=
1000 8100
= -0,299
fy
m =
0,85 fc
240
=
0,85 20 1 - √ (1-(2mRn))
fy
}
= 14,118
1
pPerlu =
m {
1
= { 1 - √ (1-(2 14,118 -0,299 ))
14,118
240
}
= 0,07083
-0,017
= -0,001
p min < p > p max = 0,00583 > -0,0012 > 0,03225
p pakai = -0,0012
As = pbd
= -0,0012 x 1000 x 90
= -111,0276 mm2
- 1 11 , 0 3
jumlah tulangan = = -1 --> -2 buah
78,5
jarak maksimum = 2xh = 2x 120 = 240 mm
b 1 00 0
jarak tulangan = = = -500 mm
jml tulangan -2
As yang timbul = -2 ¼ π (10)²
= -2 78,5
Jadi Plat Lantai Menggunakan Tulangan Dobel (ø10 - 250 , ø10 - 250)
Perhitungan Tulangan Balok 20/40
Data Perencanaan
h = 400 mm
b = 200 mm
d' = 25 mm
fy = 240 Mpa
fc = 19 Mpa
Øt = 12 mm
Øs = 8 mm
Mencari pmin & pmax
1, 4 1, 4
pMin = = = 0,00583
fy 240
0,85fcβ 6 00
pb = .
fy 600+fy
0,85 200 0,85 600
= .
240 600 + 240
1 44 , 5 600
= 240 . 840
= 0,6021 . 0,7143
= 0,43006
p max = 0,75 p b
= 0,75 0,43006
= 0,32254
Mn = 4691 ø
= 4691
d = h - d' - Ø - ½ Ø = 400 - 25 - 12 - 6
0,8 = 357 mm
= 5863,75 kgm = 58637500 Nmm
600
Xb = . d = 255,00
600 + fy
ab = β . Xb = 216,75
Cc = 0,85 . Fc . A .b
= 0,85 19 216,75 200 = 700102,5
Mn max = Cc ( d-a/2)
= 174062984,1 Nmm > Mn = 58637500 N
Balok Cukup TulanganTunggal
Mn
Rn =
b d²
58637500
=
200 127449= 2,3004
fy
m =
0,85 fc
240
=
0,85 19
= 14,8607
1 2 m . Rn
p perlu = m { 1- 1- }
fy
1 2 14,8607 2,3004
= { 1- 1- }
14,8607 240
= 0,0104
p < pmax
p > pmin , dipakai p = 0,0058
As = p b d
= 0,0058 200 357
= 416,5 mm2
416,5
jumlah tulangan = = 3,7 --> 4 buah
113,04
Dipakai 5 D 13
Tulangan tekan
As = 50 % x As
= 0,5000 x 416,5
= 208,3 mm2
208,25
jumlah tulangan = = 1,8 --> 2 buah
113,04
Dipakai 3 D 13
Tulangan Geser
Dari perhitungan SAP diperoleh :
Vu = 4534 kg = 45340 N
fc = 19
fy = 240
d = b - d' - ½ Ø = 200 - 25 - 4
= 171 mm
1
Vc = = 6
1 √fc b
d
4
200
171= 24845,72 N
ø Vc = 0,75 24845,72
= 18634,29 N
3 ø Vc = 3 0,75 24845,72
= 55902,88 N
ø Vc Vc 3 ø Vc
18634,29 < 24845,72 < 55902,9
Sengkang dipakai ø 8 mm
1
Av = Ӆ d² 2
4
1
= 3,14 64 2
4
= 100,48 mm
Vu
Vs perlu = - Vc
ø
45340,00
= -
0,75 24845,72
= 27325,70 N
Av fy d
S perlu =
Vs
100,48 240 171
= = 151
27326
d 357
Smaks = = = 178,5
2 2
1,4 1,4
pMin = = = 0,00583
fy 240
0,85fcβ 600
pb = .
fy 600+fy
= 0,4516 . 0,7143
= 0,32254
p max = 0,75 p b
= 0,75 0,32254
= 0,24191
Mn = 1930
ø
= 1930
0,8
= 2412,5 kgm = 24125000 Nmm
d = h - d' - Ø - ½ Ø = 350 - 20 - 12 - 6
= 262 mm
600
Xb = 600 + fy . d = 187,14
ab = β . Xb = 159,071
Cc = 0,85 . Fc . A .b
= 0,85 19 159,071 150 = 385350,5357
Mn max = Cc ( d-a/2)
= 2,3430m fy
=
0,85 fc
240
=
0,85 19
= 14,8607
1 2 m . Rn
p perlu = m { 1- 1- }
fy
1 2 14,8607 2,3430
= { 1- 1- }
14,8607 240
= 0,0106
p < pmax
p > pmin , dipakai p = 0,0106
As = p b d
= 0,0106 150 262
= 416,5 mm2
416,459
jumlah tulangan = = 3,7 --> 4 buah
113,04
Dipakai 5 D 13
Tulangan tekan
As = 50 % x As
= 0,5000 x 416,5
= 208,2 mm2
208,229
jumlah tulangan = = 1,8 --> 2 buah
113,04
Dipakai 3 D 13
Tulangan Geser
Dari perhitungan SAP diperoleh :
Vu = 3450 kg = 34500 N
fc = 19
fy = 240
d = b - d' - ½ Ø = 150 - 20 - 4
= 126 mm
1
Vc = √fc b d
6
1 4 150 126
= 6
= 13730,53 N
ø Vc = 0,75 13730,53
= 10297,90 N
3 ø Vc = 3 0,75 13730,53
= 30893,70 N
ø Vc Vc 3 ø Vc
10297,90 < 13730,53 < 30893,7
Sengkang dipakai ø 8 mm
Av = 1
Ӆ d² 2
4
= 1
3,14 64 2
4
= 100,48 mm
Vu
Vs perlu = - Vc ø
34500,00
= -
0,75
13730,53
= 27692,62 N
Av fy d
S perlu =
Vs
= 100,48 240 126
= 110
27693
d 262
Smaks = = = 131
2 2
0,85fcβ 600
pb = .
fy 600+fy
= 0,4516 . 0,7143
= 0,32254
p max = 0,75 p b
= 0,75 0,32254
= 0,24191
Mn = 1570
ø
= 1570
0,8
= 1962,5 kgm = 19625000 Nmm
d = h - d' - Ø - ½ Ø = 250 - 20 - 12 - 6
= 212 mm
600
Xb = . d = 151,43
600 + fy
ab = β . Xb = 128,714
Cc = 0,85 . Fc . A . b
= 0,85 19 128,714 150 = 311810,3571
Mn max = Cc ( d-a/2)
= 46036572,02 Nmm > Mn = 19625000 Nm
1 2 14,8607 2,9110
= { 1- 1- }
14,8607 240
= 0,0135
p < pmax
p > pmin , dipakai p = 0,0058
As = p b d
= 0,0058 150 212
= 185,5 mm2
185,5
jumlah tulangan = = 1,6 --> 2 buah
113,04
Dipakai 3 Ø 12
Tulangan tekan
As = 50 % x As
= 0,5000 x 185,5
= 92,8 mm2
92,75
jumlah tulangan = = 0,8 --> 1 buah
113,04
Dipakai 2 Ø 12
Tulangan Geser
Dari perhitungan SAP diperoleh :
Vu = 2436 kg = 24360 N
fc = 19
fy = 240
d = b - d' - ½ Ø = 150 - 20 - 4
= 126 mm
1
Vc 6
=
1
√fc bd
4 150
126
6
= 13730,53 N
ø Vc = 0,75 13730,53
= 10297,90 N
3 ø Vc = 3 0,75 13730,53
= 30893,70 N
ø Vc Vc 3 ø Vc
10297,90 < 13730,53 < 30893,7
Sengkang dipakai ø 8 mm
1
Av = Ӆ d² 2
4
1
= 3,14 64 2
4
= 100,48 mm
Vu
Vs perlu = - Vc
ø
24360,00
= -
0,75 13730,53
= 14172,62 N
Av fy d
S perlu =
Vs
100,48 240 126
= = 214
14173
d 212
Smaks = = = 106
2 2
= 300 - 261
= 39
k lu M1
< 34 - 12
r M2
0,53 3500 8 59 00 00
< 34 - 12
0,3 300 4530000
terjadi kelangsingan
Mu 4530000
e = = = 26,74144
Pu 169400
As = 3 ( ¼ . 3,14 . D² ) As = 0 ( ¼ . 3,14 . D² )
= 339,12 mm2 = 0 mm2
As
p =
b d
339, 12
=
300 261
= 0,004331
untuk perkiraan sekitar 0,004331 %
Memeriksa Pu terhadap beban pada keadaan seimbang φ Pnb
600
Cb = d
600 fy
600
= 261
600 240
= 186,43 mm
ab = β1 Cb
= 0,85 186,43
= 158,46
Fs = Es Es'
= 2 1,E+05 0,003 (Cb -d')
Cb
= 2 1,E+05 0,003 186,43 - 39
186,43
fy
m =
0,85 fc
240
=
0,85 19
= 14,8607
h - 2e 300 2 26,74
= = 0,472
2d 2 261
d' = 1 - 39
1 - d' = 0,851
261
Pnb = 0,85 . Fc . Ab . B
= 0,85 19 158,46 300
= 767759,4643 N
h-2e/2d = 0,472
1-d' /d = 0,000
h - 2e '
Pn = 0,85 . Fc . B . D h - 2e d' }
{ + ( )² + 2 mp ( 1 -
2d 2d
= 1264545 0,472 0,576640607= 1326375,717 N
As = 12 ( ¼ . Π . D² )
= 678,24
Rasio Tulangan , p' = As = 678,24
Ag 300 300
= 0,0075 > p = 0,0043 .....Ok
Nu 1
Vc = (1 + ) √fc b d
14 Ag 6
3750 1
= (1 + ) 4,36 300 261
14 300 300 6
= 57052,93 N
0,5 Ø Vc = 21394,85 N
Vu
Vs = - Vc
ø
3750
= - 57052,93
0,75
= -52052,93
Av = 2 x L tulangan
= 2 x 50,24
= 100,48 mm2
Av fys d Vs
S =
1 00 , 4 8 24 0 261
=
-52052,93
=-120.99 mm
maka berat tanah /m yang ada diatas bidang dasar pondasi (q) adalah
q izin = Df x y'
= 1,0 x 1,80000
= 1,8 kg/cm2
rencana pondasi bila dimensi pondasi dipakai 0,70 x 0,70 m dengan tebal 0,3 m
ð max =
Pver M
+
A ⅙ L² B
= 33,090 ton/m2 < ðizin = 20,393 ....TIDAK OK
Maka Akan Diperkuat Dengan Menggunakan Strous Ø25 cm - H = 3 mtr
Rencana Pondasi
0,70 M
0,70 M
b = 700 mm
h = 300 mm
d' = 35 mm
d = 265 mm
fc = 20 Mpa
β = 0,85
fy = 400 MPa
Mu = 8590000 Nmm
pMin = 1,4
fy
1,4
=
400
= 0,0035
pMax = 0,75 p b
0,85 b fc 600
= 0,75 fy 600+fy
0,85 0,85 20 600
= 0,75 14,45l 400 600 600 + 400
fy mu
m = Rn =
0,85 fc ø b d²
fy mu
= =
0,85 20 ø b d²
400 8590000
= =
0,85 20 0,8 700 70225
= 23,5294 = 0,218
23,5294 400
= 0,0425 0,0129
( catatan pMin < pPerlu > pMax )
= 0,000550
( 0,0035 < 0,0005 < 0,0163 )
p pakai = 0,0035
As = p b d
= 0,0035 700,00 265,00
= 649,25 mm2
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