Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
Division of City Schools – Valenzuela

Video Lesson Script: Mathematics 9 (2nd Quarter) – Week 1

MELC: M9AL-IIa-1 illustrates situations that involve the following variations: (a) direct; (b) inverse

M9AL-IIa-b-1 translates into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by: (a) a table of values; (b) a mathematical

equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa

M9AL-IIbc-1 solves problems involving direct and inverse variation

Live Streaming Teacher: Mrs. Leah Mae O. San Miguel

Date of Streaming: January 04, 2020 Date Submitted: December 15, 2020

SCENE ACTION NARRATION

1.Opening/ Preliminaries Greetings

Good morning, parents, teachers, and students!

A.Teacher’s Introduction Welcome back to Valenzuela Facebook Live in Mathematics 9.

Are you excited for our fun learning session?

Come on, let us learn and have some fun and allow me to guide you in learning

the different concepts and skills in Mathematics 9.

Before we begin, make sure you have your module with you, your notebook, and

a pen for taking down notes. You may also use the chat box to key-in your

answers to the questions that I will be giving throughout the discussion.

Are you ready?

Great!! Let’s start!

Today, we will be discussing direct variations and inverse variations.

At the end of the discussion, you must be able to:

a) Illustrate situations that involve direct and inverse variations

b) Translate into variation statement a relationship between two quantities

given by: (a) a table of values; (b) a mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice

versa and

c) Solve problems involving direct and inverse variation

B. Objectives

2. Motivation Activity #1: Complete Me Let’s begin with the first activity entitled Complete Me.

Complete each statement which shows the relationship of two quantities by

filling in the blank with the word increases or decreases.

Statement No. 1

1. As the weight in kilogram increases the total cost of fish __________.

You have 10 seconds to complete the relationship. Go!

Time is up!

The answer is increases.

As the weight in kilogram increases the total cost of fish increases.

Good Job!

Let’s proceed to second statement.

As the number of days, he worked increases the salary he gets ______________.

You have 10 seconds to complete the relationship. Go!

Time is up!

The answer is increases.

As the number of days, he worked increases the salary he gets increases

Great!

3rd statement,

As the speed of the car decreases the distance covered in fixed time
 You have 10 seconds to complete the relationship. Go!

Time is up!

The answer is decreases.

As the speed of the car decreases the distance covered in fixed time decreases

Excellent!

4th statement,

As the number of men working increases the amount of time to finish the job

___________

You have 10 seconds to complete the relationship. Go!

Time is up!

The answer is decreases.

As the number of men working increases the amount of time to finish the job

decreases.

Perfect!

Last statement,

As the speed of the car decreases the time it takes to arrive to its destination

____________

You have 10 seconds to complete the relationship. Go!

Time is up!

The answer is increases.

As the speed of the car decreases the time it takes to arrive to its destination

increases

Awesome!

Thank you for your participation, students!

3. Discussion These statements show situations that illustrate direct and inverse variation.

The first 3 statements illustrate direct variation wherein if one quantity

increases, then the other quantity also increases. Likewise, if one quantity

decreases, then the other quantity also decreases.

While the last 2 statements illustrate inverse variation wherein if one quantity

increases, then the other quantity decreases and vice versa.

Let’s have a deeper discussion on these two kinds of variation.

Let’s start with the direct variation.

In the abstract, the statement “y varies directly as x” or “y is directly

proportional to x” can be written in the form y=kx

where k is the constant of variation. The variables x and y are the two

quantities.

Now, using the concept of direct variation presented, let us translate the

following variation statement into mathematical equations.

1. The cost 𝒄 of the fish varies directly to its weight 𝒘 in kilogram.

This statement can be translated into mathematical equation as c=kw or

c where c is the cost of the fish, k is the
k=
w
constant of variation, and w is the weight in kilogram.

Next, a worker’s salary 𝑺 varies directly as the number of hours 𝒉 worked.

So, what is the mathematical equation of this statement?

Very good, this statement can be translated into mathematical equation as

S=kh, where S is the worker’s salary, k is the constant of variation, and h is

the number of hours worked.

Furthermore, we can also observe direct variation using table of values and

graph.

Take a look at this example,

Avery plans to buy rice out of her own savings. She wants to help her

mother whose work has been affected of the community quarantine

implemented by the government due to pandemic. She decided to buy rice that

costs Php 40 a kilo.

What do you think are the two quantities involved in the given situation?

Very good. The quantities are the number of kilos and the cost of rice.
Let 𝑥 b the number of kilos and 𝑦 be the cost of rice.

Let us complete the table below showing the relationship between the number of

kilos (𝑥) of rice bought and the total cost of rice (𝑦).

Number 1 2 3 4 5

of kilos

(x)

Total cost 40 80 160

of rice (y)

How much is the cost of 3kg of rice?

Correct! Its Php 120.

How about the cost of 5kg of rice?

Excellent! Its Php 200.

As you noticed, as the number of kilos (x) increases, the total cost of rice

also increases. It is one determining factor that this table of values illustrate

direct variation because as one quantity increases, the other quantity also

increases. Aside from this condition you also have to check if there is a constant

of variation.

The statement, the cost of rice (𝑦) varies directly as the number of kilos (𝑥) can

be translated as or y . We could find the constant of variation or

y=kx k =
x
k by dividing the value of y by x.

40 divided by 1 is 40

80 divided by 2 is 40

120 divided by 3 is 40

160 divided by 4 is 40 and

200 divided by 5 is 40

The quotient of y divided by x is constant which is 40. Therefor the constant of

variation of the given table of values is 40. Substitute the value of k, the

equation that represents the table of value is y=40 x

Now, let’s check the kind of graph that this direct variation has.

Out of these table of values, we have five ordered pairs.

(1 , 40)
(2 , 80)
(3 , 120)
( 4 , 160)
(5 , 200)
Plot these points on cartesian plane.

Here is the Cartesian plane. The interval in x-axis is 1 and the interval in y-axis

is 40.

We have( 1 , 40 ) so we have the point here.

Then (2 , 80) here..
Next, (3,120).

Followed by (4, 160) which is located here.

Lastly, (5, 200) will be plotted here.

Next, connect the points.

What kind of line do you see?

Exactly, we have a straight line like the graph of a linear equation. And it rises

from left to right, so this means that the graph of our given table or the equation
y=40 x
is also increasing.

Always remember that the graph of the direct variation equation is a straight

line and it passes through the origin.

Let us test your understanding about the direct variation by having Activity 2

entitled Am I Direct or Not?

Determine whether the given equation, table of values or graph illustrates direct

variation.

1. y=12 x
Comment Like emoji if it is direct variation and Heart emoji if it is not.

You have 10 seconds to key in your answer. Go!

Time’s up. If you answered Like emoji, then you’re right. Amazing!

2.

How about these table of values?

Comment Like emoji if it is direct variation and Heart emoji if it is not.

You have 10 seconds to key in your answer. Go!

Remember that as the value of x increases the value of y must also be increases

and the quotient of y divided by x must be constant.

Time’s up. If you answered Heart emoji, then you’re right. Fantastic!

Here is the given in number 3.

Comment Like emoji if it is direct variation and Heart emoji if it is not.

You have 10 seconds to key in your answer. Go!

Check if as the value of x increases the value of y also increases and when you

divide y by x the answer is constant.

Time’s up. If you answered Like emoji, then you’re right. Awesome!

For the last given, it is a graph.

Comment Like emoji if it is direct variation and Heart emoji if it is not.

You have 10 seconds to key in your answer. Go!

Recall that the graph of a direct variation is a straight line and passes through

the origin.

Time’s up. If you answered Like emoji, then you’re right. Excellent!

After dealing with translating the statements into mathematical equation, graph

and table of values, let us now solve problems involving direct variation.

Here are the steps in solving problems involving variation.

Step 1: Write the variation statement into mathematical equation.

Step 2: Solve for the constant of variation.

Step 3: Substitute the value of k in the mathematical equation.

Step 4: Solve for the unknown variable.

Let’s have problem Number 1.

If g varies directly as m, and g = 24, when m = 8, find g when m = 6.

1st step, write the variation statement into mathematical equation.

So, what do you think is the mathematical equation of the given statement?

Awesome, the mathematical equation of the given statement is g = km or

g.
k=
m
Step 2, solve for the constant of variation which is k.
nd
To solve, we will use the given g = 24 and m = 8. Then substitute it to the 2
nd
mathematical equation. We used the 2 equation because it is already in

terms of k.
g
k=
m
24
k=
8
k =3
Thus, the constant of variation is 3.

3rd step, rewrite the mathematical equation by substituting the value of k we

st
got in step 2 which is 3 with the 1 mathematical equation we have in step 1

which is g = km.

Substitute k = 3

So we have, g=3 m
4th step, solve for the unknown variable in the problem which is g. To do this,

substitute it to the new mathematical equation that we got in Step 3.

We have m = 6.

Substitute to g = 3m
g=3 ( 6 )
 g=18.
So, the value of g is 18.

Let’s have another example.

Castiel is riding his car leaving Valenzuela City to visit his parents in Bulacan.

The distance (d) travelled varies directly to the number of liters (l) of gasoline

used to travel. His car uses 4 liters of gasoline to travel 80 km. How much

gasoline will the car use to travel 120 km?

In this problem , we have liters of gasoline and distance travelled as the 2

quantities.

We need to write the variation statement into mathematical equation.

So, what do you think is the mathematical equation that represents the

relationship of these quantities?

Very good! Its or d

d=kl k =
l
Next step, solve for the constant of variation.

In the problem, it states that his car uses 8 liters of gasoline to travel 80 km.

Therefore, d=80 and l=8 st

. Let us use this 1 set of given to solve for k.

By substitution,
d
k=
g
80
k=
8
k =10
The constant of variation is 10.

Let’s now substitute the value of k in the equation d=kl, we have d=10l
We will be using this equation to get the liters of gasoline that a car will use to

travel 120 km.

By substitution, if d = 120, then …

d=kl
120=10l
Divide both sides by 10.

120 divided by 10 is 12 and 10ldivided by 10 is g.

Therefore, the liters of gasoline that may car use to travel 120 km is 12

liters.

I hope you got the same answer.

Can you still follow?

Click the care reaction if yes.

Great!

Let’s now proceed to inverse variation.

While direct variation describes a linear relationship between two variables,

inverse variation describes another kind of relationship such that for any

quantities x and y, an increase in x causes a decrease in y or vice versa. We can

say that y varies inversely as x or y is inversely proportional to x which can be

written in the form k where k is the constant of variation.

y=
x
To apply this concept on inverse variation, let’s translate the statements into

mathematical equation.

Number 1

The speed 𝒔 of a vehicle is inversely proportional to the time 𝒕 it takes to travel a

fixed distance.

This statement can be translated into mathematical equation as k or

s=
t
k =st
Where k is the constant of variation, s is the speed of a vehicle and t is time.

Another,

To balance a seesaw, the weight (w) is inversely proportional to the distance (d)

from the fulcrum.

This statement can be translated into mathematical equation as k or
w=
d
k =wd
where k is the

constant of variation, w is the weight and d is the distance.

Next, let’s have this situation.

Annalise wants to have an extension of her house. She understands

that the number of days required to finish the work depends on the number of

workers. The following are some possible number of days and number of

workers:

What did you notice to the values of x or the number of workers?

Correct, from 2 to 24 it is increasing.

How about to the values of y or the number of days?

Exactly, from 24 to 2 it is decreasing.

So as one quantity increases the other quantity decreases, and again, this is an

example of inverse variation. Aside from this condition, there should be a

constant of variation. We could determine the constant of variation by

multiplying the x and y.

Take note that the number of days to finish the job (𝑦) varies inversely as the

number of workers (𝑥). The equation is k or

y= k = yx
x
24 times 2 is 48

12 times 4 is 48

8 times 6 is 48

6 times 8 is 48 and

2 times 24 is 48

The product is constant; therefore, the given table of values is an inverse

variation. The value of k is 48 and the equation that represents the table of

values is 48 .
y=
x
Out of this table of values we have 5 ordered pairs.

(2,24)

(4,12)

(6,8)

(8,6)

(24, 2)

Plot the points on the cartesian plane.

We have (2,24) here,

(4,12) here

(6,8) here

(8, 6) here

And (24, 2) here.

Then connect the points.

This is now the kind of graph that an inverse variation has.

Remember, the graph of an inverse variation is a hyperbola. It never passes

through the origin. Also, it never crosses the x or y axis. the x and y axes are

called the asymptotes of the hyperbola.

Let us test your understanding about translating statements into mathematical

equation, graph, and table of values of an inverse variation by having Activity 3

entitled This is my equation!

Given that “𝒚 varies inversely as 𝒙”, find the constant of variation and the

equation of the relations presented below.

The first given is a table of values. Find the constant of variation and the

equation of the relation.

You have 10 seconds to key in your answer. Go!

Remember that the product of x and y is the constant of variation.

Time’s up. If you answered and 60 , then you’re right. Amazing!
k =60 y=
x
nd
2 given is another table of values.

You have 10 seconds to key in your answer. Go!

Time’s up. If you answered and 2 , then you’re right. Awesome!

k =2 y=
x
The last given is a graph

You have 10 seconds to key in your answer. Go!

Find the coordinates of the points, then multiply x and y.

Time’s up. If you answered and 8 , then you’re right. Excellent!

k =8 y=
x
After translating statements into mathematical equation, graph, and table of

values. Let’s now solve problems involving inverse variation.

We will be using the same steps in solving

problems involving inverse variation.

Problem #1

If y varies inversely as x and y = 12 when x = 2, find y when x = 8.

First, write the variation statement into mathematical equation, so we have,

k or .
y= k = yx
x
Next, solve for the constant of variation. Let’s use the equation k =yx in solving

for the constant of variation.

The first set of given are y = 12 and x = 2

By substitution,
k = yx
k =( 12 )( 2 )
k =24
Hence, the constant of variation is 24.

Then, rewrite the mathematical equation by substituting the value of k we got

in step 2 with the mathematical equation we have in step 1 which y = k,

x
Substitute k = 24, that is
24
y=
x
Afterwards, solve for the unknown variable. We use the remaining given which

is x = 8 to the new mathematical equation 24

y= .
x
By substitution, substitute x = 8.
24
y=
8
y=3
Therefore, the value of y is 3.

Last problem,

Boyle’s Law states that if the temperature of a gas stays constant, then the

pressure P varies inversely to the volume V of the gas. Asher, a scuba diver, has

a tank that holds 6 liters of air under a pressure of 220 pounds per square inch.

If the pressure increases to 330 pounds per square inch, how much air can

Asher’s tank hold?

In this case, we have pressure and volume as the 2 quantities.

What is the equation of the variation statement?

Very Good! It’s k or .

P= k =PV
V
Next, solve for the constant of variation.

We can use k =PV to solve for k.

The first set of given are Volume of the gas is 6 liters and the pressure is 220

pounds per square inch

 By substitution,
k =PV
k =( 220 ) ( 6 )
k =1320
Hence, the constant of variation is 1320.

Then, rewrite the mathematical equation by substituting the value of k we

got in step 2 with the mathematical equation we have in step 1,

Substitute k = 1320, then

1320
P=
V
Afterwards, solve for the unknown variable.

By substitution, substitute P = 330.

1320
P=
V
1320
330=
V
Multiply both sides by V

Simplify, the equation will be

330 V =1320
Divide both sides by 330
V =4
Therefore, Asher’s tank can hold 4 liters of air.

4. Generalization Sum up the important Wow, it has been a long discussion today but it is an amazing learning

points of the lesson session. I hope you learn something essential today.

To sum it up …
 In direct variation, the statement “𝒚 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒂𝒔 𝒙 ” or "𝒚 𝒊𝒔

𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒙" can be written in the form 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙, where

𝑘 is the constant of variation.

 In inverse variation, the statement “𝒚 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒂𝒔 𝒙 ” or “𝒚

𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒙 ” can be written in the form k,

y=
x
where 𝑘 is the constant of variation.
 You could use these steps to solve problems involving direct and

inverse variations:

1. Write the variation statement into mathematical equation.

2. Solve for the constant of variation.

3. Substitute the value of k in the mathematical equation.

4. Solve for the unknown variable.

5. Question and Answer Let’s now proceed to our question and answer.

Question: Is there any alternative method in solving direct variation, Ma’am?

Answer: Yes, it has. You can use the concept of proportion to solve for problems

involving direct variation.

For other questions you may ask your class discussion teacher and he/she

will discuss it on your follow up discussions. Moreover, I want you to answer

Test II Keep Trying on page 5 of your ADM to be checked by your class

discussion teacher.

Thank you so much for watching and participating. Stay safe, healthy, and

motivated. Have a great day, everyone! Bye!!

Prepared by:

Name: Leah Mae O. San Miguel

Positon: Teacher III

School: Sitero Francisco Memorial National High School

Script Language Validator:

Name: __________________________________

Date of Validation : ________________________