Senior High School

Pre- Calculus
Module 6:
Characteristics of the Different Types
of Conic Sections

AIRs - LM
LU_Pre-Calculus_Module6
PRE- CALCULUS
Module 6: Characteristics of the Different Types of Conic Sections
Second Edition, 2021

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Region I

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LU_Pre-Calculus_Module6
 Senior High School

Pre- Calculus
Module 6:
Characteristics of the Different
Types of Conic Sections

LU_Pre-Calculus_Module6
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 Target

Four conic sections include circle, ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola.

From the Junior High School mathematics subject, you have learned the
definition of a circle, its equation, features, and graphs. Likewise, the other
conics sections namely parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola were discussed
previously. You were familiarized with the different properties and standard
forms of equations. These basic concepts and knowledge are of key
importance to further learn another competency about the different conic
sections.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:Identify

1. Recognize the equation and important characteristics of the different

types of conic sections STEM_PC11AG-Ie- 1

Learning Objectives
1. write the general form of a conic equations.
2. determine the value of the discriminant of a conic equation
3. determine the type of conic section using the discriminant of the
equation.

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Pre-Test
Directions: Select the correct answer in each of the following items. Write
the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of pad paper.

1.) x2 + y2 = 16
A. Circle B.) Ellipse C.) Hyperbola D.) Parabola
2.) x2 - 3x - y = 0
A. Circle B.) Ellipse C.) Hyperbola D.) Parabola
x2 y2
3.) + =1
16 9
A. Circle B.) Ellipse C.) Hyperbola D.) Parabola
2
4.) y – 6y + 8x + 25 = 0

A. Circle B.) Ellipse C.) Hyperbola D.) Parabola

5.) x2 + 2y2 - 2x + 8y - 11 = 0
A. Circle B.) Ellipse C.) Hyperbola D.) Parabola
6.) Transform x + y - 4x - 2y = 4 into standard form
2 2

A. (x - 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = 9 B. (x + 2)2 + (y - 1)2 = 9

C. (x - 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 9 D. (x + 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 9
7.) Transform x2 + y2 + 4x - 3 = 6y into standard form.
A. ( x + 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = -16 B. ( x - 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = -16
C. ( x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16 D. ( x + 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 16
8.) Find the discriminant in the equation x2 + 2x - 4y2 + 2y + 2 = 0.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 15 D. 16
9.) How do you compare the values of A and B in x2 - 6x + 9 + y2 + 4y = 0.
A. A = C B. A > C C. A < C D. A ≈ C
10.) Which of the following is equal to x2 -2x - 4y + 9 = 0?
A. (x - 1)2 = 4y - 8 B. (x + 1)2 = 4y – 8
C. (x - 2)2 = 4y – 8 D. (x +2)2 = 4y - 8
11.) What is the value of the discriminant in x2 + 2y2 – 2x + 8y – 11 = 0?
A. 8 B. 2 C. -2 D. -8
12.) Transform 9x2 + 16y2 – 144 = 0 into standard form.
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
A. + =1 B. − =1
16 9 16 9
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
C. + =1 D. − =1
12 16 9 16

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 13.) Find the value of the discriminant of x2 - y2 – 4x + 4y = 9.
A. -4 B. -1 C. 4 D. 9
14.) Transform 4x2 + y2 + 24x - 10y + 45 = 0 standard form.
[ 𝑥 − 3] 2 (𝑦−5)2 [𝑥+ 3]2 (𝑦+ 5)2
A. + =1 B. - =1
4 16 4 16
[𝑥+ 3]2 (𝑦−5)2 [𝑥+ 3]2 (𝑦−5)2
C. + =1 D. - =1
4 16 4 16

15.) What is the value of discriminant in 4x2 + y2 + 24x - 10y + 45 = 0

A. 24 B. 10 C. -4 D. -16

Jumpstart

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Recalling the topic on quadratic formula 𝑥 = , the discriminant is
2𝑎
the part of the quadratic formula underneath the square root symbol: The
discriminant tells us whether there are two solutions, one solution or no
solutions of a quadratic equation. Consider the quadratic equation of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0;
b2 - 4ac > 0, a positive discriminant indicates that a quadratic has two
distinct real number solutions.
b2 - 4ac = 0, a discriminant of zero indicates that the quadratic has a
repeated real number solution or it has two equal real solutions
b2 - 4ac < 0, a negative discriminant indicates that neither of the
solutions are real

Given the equation 4x2 - 6x + 1 = 0, then A = 4, B = -6, and C = 1 because

the equation is written in descending order of exponent and the right side of
the equation is zero. The value of its discriminant B2 - 4AC is 20. In case the
given equation is not in the descending order of its exponent, there is a need
to arrange the terms in the equation into descending order before A, B, and C
can be identified.

Example1: Identify the value of A, B, and C then find its

discriminant in the equation 4x + x2 + 4 = 0

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 Solution:
x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 (writing x2 as the first term because the
exponent is 2 followed by 4x since its exponent
is 1 then followed by the constant 4)

A = 1 , B = 4 and C = 4 the value or coefficient of A, B, and C

B2 - 4AC
42 - 4(1)(4) (plug in the value or coefficient of A, B and C)
16 - 16
0 (discriminant is 0 , means the equation has
repeated roots/solution )

Example 2: Identify the value of A, B, and C then find its

discriminant in the equation 8x = -12 - x2
Solution:
8x = -12 - x2 (make sure that the right hand of the
equation is zero, therefore add both
sides of the equation with the additive
inverse of -12 ans -x2 (thus, +12 and
+x2 are the additive inverses)

8x + 12 + x2 = -12 -x2 + 12 + x2 (add both sides by 12 and x2

8x + 12 + x2 = 0 simplifying the right side of the
equation)
x2 + 8x + 12 = 0 (arranging the terms in
descending order of exponents)

A = 1, B = 8, and C = 12 (the value or coefficient of A, B,

and C)

B2 - 4AC (formula for discriminant)

82 - 4(1)(12) (plug in A, B and C in the formula)

64 - 48
16 discriminant is 16 which is
positive or greater than zero,
therefore there are two
real and unequal roots/solutions

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ACTIVITY 1. “FIND ME”

Identify the value of A, B, and C from the following quadratic equations then
find the discriminant using B2 - 4AC. Complete the table below.

EQUATION A B C B2 - 4AC
1. 6x + 10x - 1 = 0
2 6 10 -1 124
2. 3x2 + 24x + 48 = 0 24
3. x2 - 6x + 9 = 0 0
4. 4x2 + 2x + 8 = 0 4
5. 3x - 8 = - 2x2
6. 3 = 3x2 + 5x

Discover

Using the general form of the second-degree equation in tow variables

can be written as

Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Such that A, B and C are not all zero. Most of the equations that we will
discuss thus far have equations in which B = 0. With this case, the graph of
this equation may either be a circle, a parabola, an ellipse, a hyperbola, or in
some special cases degenerate conics either a point, a line, a pair of lines, or
no graph at all. In the previous lessons, the conic sections were discussed or
presented as the intersection of a plane with the right circular cone.

A circle, a parabola, an ellipse or a hyperbola can be recognized using

the general second-degree equation as

Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0, by identifying the value of the

coefficients A, B and C.

In connection to this, evaluating an expression known as discriminant,

B2 - 4AC, will give information on the type of conic section for any given
general second-degree equation, for as long as it has a graph, and that the
graph is not a degenerate conic.

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i. The graph of Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 is either ellipse or a circle,
if and only if B2 - 4AC < 0, (When A and C in the equation have the same
sign it is an ellipse. When A and C in the equation are equal then it is a
circle.

ii. The graph of Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 is a parabola, if and only

if B2 -4AC = 0. Either A or C in the equation is equal to zero.

iii. The graph of Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 is a hyperbola, if and only

if B2 -4AC > 0. A and C in the equation of the hyperbola are opposite in
sign.
Ax2 +Bxy +Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 CONIC DEGENERATE CASE
SECTION

A = C, A≠0 and C≠0 Circle Point or nothing

A≠C, A= 0 or C= 0 Parabola Two parallel lines, a line or

nothing

A≠C, A and C are of the same signs Ellipse Point or nothing

A≠C, A and C are of opposite signs Hyperbola Two intersecting lines

Example 1. Recognize the type of conics in the following equations using the
discriminant.
a.) x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y – 14 = 0
b.) x2 – 4x – 4y + 12 = 0
c.) 2x2 + y2 + 12x – 10y + 27 = 0
d.) x2 – 2y2 – 2x – 8y – 17 = 0

Solution
Compute for the value of the discriminant B2 – 4AC
a.) x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y – 14 = 0
A=1
B = 0, since there is no term as Bxy
C=1
B2 – 4AC then by substitution we have,
02 – 4 (1)(1)
0-4
-4; since the discriminant is negative,
x2 + y2 - 4x - 2y – 4 = 0 is a circle because the value of A is equal to
C

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 b.) x2 – 4x – 4y + 12 = 0
A=1
B = 0, since there is no term as Bxy
C=0
B2 – 4AC then by substitution we have,
02 – 4(1)(0)
0–0
0; since the discriminant is zero,
x2 – 2x – 4y + 13 = 0 is a parabola

c.) 2x2 + y2 + 12x – 10y + 27 = 0

A=2
B=0
C=1
B2 – 4AC then by substitution we have,
02 – 4(2)(1)
0–8
-8; since the discriminant < 0 or negative and A ≠ C then,
4x2 + y2 + 24x – 10y + 45 = 0 is an ellipse

d.) x2 – 2y2 – 2x – 8y – 17 = 0
A=1
B=0
C = -2
B2 – 4AC then by substitution we have,
02 – 4(1) (-2)
0+8
8; since the discriminant is > 0 then,

x2 – 2y2 – 2x – 8y – 17 = 0 is a hyperbola

Activity 2. Discover What Am I!

Determine which type of equation are the following and identify the degenerate
case.

1.) 16x2 + 16y2 + 16x + 8y + 5 = 0

2.) 9x2 + 9y2 - 6x + 36y + 478 = 0
3.) x2 + 4x + 12y - 20 = 0
4.) 36x2 + 100y2 - 36x - 400y - 491 = 0
5.) 4x2 - 16y2 - 16x + 32y - 64 = 0
6.) x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y + 13 = 0
7.) y2 – 8X + 4Y = -20
8.) x2 = -4y2 + 4
9.) 4x2 – 16x – 101 = 9y2 + 54y
10.) 4x2 + 4y2 – 24y +37 = 0

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 Explore

Activity 3. Name The Conics In Me.

Determine which type of equation are the following and identify the degenerate
case.

1.) x2 + y2 + 2x + 1 = 0
2.) x2 + y2 - 2x – 2y - 3 = 0
3.) y2 - 8x + 4y + 12 = 0
4.) 3x2 + 4y2 + 18x – 16y - 31 = 0
5.) 4x2 -16x - 2y2 + 12y - 10 = 0
6.) x2 – 4x - 8y – 20 = 0
7.) y2 + 6y – 2x + 1 = 0
8.) x2 + 2x + y2 – 6y + 13 = 0
9.) 4x2 + 9y2 - 8x + 36y + 4 = 0
10.) 4x2 - 9y2 - 8x – 36y - 68 = 0

Deepen

Activity 4.
Given the following equations, identify the type of conic sections and the degenerate
cases.

1.) x2 – 4x – 4y2 + 8y – 36 = 0
2.) x2 + 4x + y2 - y = 0
3.) y2 – 2x + 10y + 31 = 0
4.) x2 – 8x + 10y – 64 = 0
5.) y2 - 2y – 4x – 3 = 0
6.) -2x2 + 12x + 7y2 + 28y – 18 = 0
7.) 4x2 + 9y2 + 24x - 54y + 81 = 0
8.) 12x2 +12y2 + 12x + 8y + 108 = 0
9.) 12y2 – 48x + 12y = 15
10.) 4x2 + 4x – 9y2 + 12y =39

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 Gauge

Directions: Select the letter that corresponds to the correct answer in each
of the items below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of pad paper.
1. Rewrite 9x2 + 12x + 9y2 – 6y + 5 = 0 into standard form.
2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2
A. (x + 3) + (y − 3) = 0 B. (x + 3) − (y − 3) = 0
2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2
C. (x − 3) + (y − 3) = 0 D. (x − 3) − (y − 3) = 0
2. What type of conic is 9x2 + 12x + 9y2 – 6y + 5 = 0?
A. Circle B. Ellipse C. Hyperbola D. Parabola
3. Which of the degenerate case does 9x2 + 12x + 9y2 – 6y + 5 = 0 have?
A. Line B. Intersecting lines
C. Point D. Nothing/Empty

4. Rewrite 4x2 + 4y2 – 24x - 4y + 73 = 0 into standard form.

1 2 1 2
A. (x + 3)2 + (y − 3) = −9 B. (x − 3)2 + (y − 3) = −9

1 2 1 2
C. (x − 3)2 − (y − 3) = −9 D. (x − 3)2 − (y + 3) = −9

5. What type of conic is 4x2 + 4y2 – 24x - 4y + 73 = 0?

A. Circle B. Ellipse C. Hyperbola D. Parabola
6. Which of the following degenerate case has 4x2 + 4y2 – 24x - 4y + 73 = 0
A. Line B. Intersecting lines
C. Point D. Nothing/Empty
7. Rewrite 4y2 + 4y – 32x - 95 = 0 into standard form.
1 2 1 2
A. (y + 2) = −8( x + 3) B. (y + 2) = 8( x − 3)

1 2 1 2
C. (y + 2) = 8( x + 3) D. (y − 2) = 8( x + 3)

8. What type of conic is 4y2 + 4y – 32x - 95 = 0?

A. Circle B. Ellipse C. Hyperbola D. Parabola

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9. Which of the following degenerate case has 4y2 + 4y – 32x - 95 = 0?
A. Line B. Intersecting lines
C. Point D. Nothing/Empty

10. Rewrite x2 + 4x + 4y2 – 8y = 8 into standard form.

(x−2)2 (y−1)z (x+2)2 (y+1)z
A. + =1 B. − =1
16 4 16 4
(x+2)2 (y−1)z (x+2)2 (y−1)z
C. − =1 D. + =1
16 4 16 4

11. Given the equation x2 + 4x + 4y2 – 8y = 8, what best describe the values
of A and C?
A. A = C B. A > C C. A < C D. A ≈ C

12. Which of the following conic section refers to x2 + 4x + 4y2 – 8y = 8?

A. Circle B. Ellipse C. Hyperbola D. Parabola

13. Given 36x2 + 36x + 100y2 – 100y - 191= 0, what is the value of B?
A. 0 B. 36 C. 100 D. 191

14. Which of the following is the discriminant of x2 + 4x + 4y2 – 8y = 8?

A. -16 B. -8 C. 4 D. 1

15. Find the discriminant of 9x2 + 12x + 9y2 – 6y + 5 = 0

A. 12 B. 9 C. -234 D. -324

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Activity 4
Gauge
1.) Circle, point
1. A 6. D 11. C 2.) Circle, empty set
2. A 7. C 12. B 3.) Parabola, line
4.) Parabola, line
3. C 8. D 13. A 5.) Parabola, line
6.) Hyperbola, two intersecting lines
4. B 9. A 14. D
7.) Ellipse, point
5. A 10. D 15. D 8.) Circle, empty set
9.) Parabola, line
10.) Hyperbola, two intersectig lines
Activity 2: discover what am i? Explore
Activity 3. Name the conics in me
1.) Circle 1.) Circle
Degenerate case: point Degenerate case: point
2.) Circle 2.) Circle
Degenerate case: empty set Degenrate case: empty set
3.) Parabola 3.) Parabola
Degenerate case: line Degenerate case: line
4.) Ellipse 4.) Ellipse
Degenerate case: point Degenerate case: point
5.) Hyperbola 5.) Hyperbola
Degenerate case: two Degenerate case: two interseting lines
intersecting lines 6.) Parabola
6.) Circle Degenerate case: line
Degenerate case: point 7.) Parabola
7.) Parabola Degenerate case: line
Degenerate case: line 8.) Circle
8.) Ellipse Degenerate case: empty set
Degenerate case: point 9.) Ellipse
9.) Hyperbola Degenerate case: ellipse
Degenerate case: two 10.) Hyperbola
intersecting lines Degenerate case: two intersecting lines
10.) Circle,
Degenerate case is empty set
Pretest
ACTIVITY 1. “FIND ME
1. A 6. A 11. D
EQUATION A B C B2 - 4AC
1. ) 6x2 + 10x - 1 = 0 6 10 -1 124 2. D 7. D 12. A
2. ) 3x2 + 24x + 48 = 0 3 24 48 0 3. B 8. D 13. C
3. ) x2 - 6x + 9 = 0 1 -6 9 0
4. ) 4x2 + 2x + 8 = 0 4 2 8 -124 4. D 9. A 14. C
5. ) 3x - 8 = - 2x2 2 3 -8 73 5. B 10. A 15. D
6. ) 3 = 3x2 + 5x -3 -5 3 61
Answer Key
References
1.) PRECALUCUS Learner’s Material DepED, pages 60 65

2.) FERNANDO B. ORINES, (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11 Precalculus

(pp82 – 87). 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

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