Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Chemistry 1 Q1M3
General Chemistry 1 Q1M3
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
The Relationship of Percent Composition
and Chemical Formula
Region I
ALAMINOS CITY DIVISION
Alaminos City, Pangasinan
Project Write, Write, Write
Alternative Instructional
Module
Science – General Chemistry 1 Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: The Relationship of Percent Composition and Chemical Formula
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
ii
11/12
GENERAL
CHEMISTRY 1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
The Relationship of Percent Composition
and Chemical Formula
iii
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 (11/12) Alternative Instructional Module
(AIM) on the Relationship of Percent Composition and Chemical Formula!
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
iv
For the Learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic
success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
v
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the relationship of percent composition and chemical
formula. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course.
What I Know
1
4. Which of the following is the mass in grams of one mole of a substance?
A. Molar mass C. Formula mass
B. Atomic mass D. Molecular mass
5. Analysis of a sample of a covalent compound showed that it contained
14.4% hydrogen and 85.6% carbon by mass. What is the empirical
formula for the compound?
A. CH C. CH3
B. CH2 D. C2H3
6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. The mass number of each element can be seen in the periodic
table.
B. The mass number is the total number of protons and electrons in
the nucleus of an atom.
C. The formula mass is the sum of all mass numbers of the atoms
that make up the compound.
D. The mass number is very important in determining the formula
mass of a certain compound.
7. Guanidin, HNC(NH2)2, is a fertilizer. To three significant figures, what is
the percent by mass of nitrogen in the fertilizer?
A. 45.2% C. 54.8%
B. 49.4% D. 71.1%
8. Which gives the lowest whole-number ratio of the elements in a
compound.
A. Chemical formula C. Molecular formula
B. Empirical formula D. Numerical formula
9. The acid found in sour milk is lactic acid, CH3CHOHCOOH, what is the
empirical formula of lactic acid?
A. CH2O C. C3H6O3
B. CHO D. CH3CH2CO2H
10. What is the molecular mass of lactic acid?
A. 30 g/mol
B. 48 g/mol
C. 72 g/mol
D. 90 g/mol
2
Lesson Formula Mass, Molar Mass and
Molecular Mass
1
Chemistry is a branch of science that involves different concepts and
formulas. Some of these are confusing because they have almost similar
terms. These include formula mass, molecular mass and molar mass. If you
encounter these terms for the first time, you might wonder how one is
different from the other.
In this module you will learn more about how to calculate formula
mass, molecular mass and molar mass. Prepare yourself as well as your
calculator!
What’s In
Activity 1
Directions: Fill in the following table. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
ISOTOPE
40 K 18
9 F
SYMBOL 19
ATOMIC 16
NUMBER
MASS NUMBER
NUMBER OF
PROTONS
NUMBER OF 15
NEUTRONS
3
What’s New
Activity 2
Directions: Identify whether the following statements describe the Molar
mass, Formula mass or Molecular mass. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
What is It
Process Questions:
1. How did you find the activity? Is it easy or difficult?
2. Which among the words are you familiar with? Which one is new to
you?
3. Can you define those tough words like a pro?
Molar Mass
4
The molar mass is obtained by multiplying the number of atoms by the
atomic mass of each element and getting the sum. The unit for molar mass is
g/mol.
Formula Mass is used for compounds that exists as ions, such as NaCl.
It is expressed in amu or μ and is numerically equal to the molar mass
expressed in grams per mole of a substance.
5
PRACTICE #1: Can you determine the mass number of the following
elements in the periodic table? Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. C - __________________________ 3. Au - ___________________________
2. S - ___________________________ 4. Hg - ____________________________
If your answer to the mass number of Carbon is 12.0 u then you are
correct. As seen in the periodic table, the mass number of carbon is 12.011
and has to be rounded off to 12.0 u.
Step 1. List down the atoms involved in the formula which are
represented by chemical symbol. Write this in downward manner in the first
column.
Atom
Ca
O
H
Step 2. Determine the number of atoms in the formula. Write this in
the second column. Consider the subscript which is written outside the
parenthesis.
Note that the number of oxygen atom and hydrogen atom have
increased by 2 because of the subscript located outside the parenthesis. The
6
subscript will only affect the atoms inside the parenthesis which can be seen
in (OH)2 of Ca(OH)2.
Step 3. Write the mass number of each element in the third column.
Step 5. Get the sum of all total masses to determine the formula mass
of Ca(OH)2.
7
Calculating the Empirical Formula from
Lesson Percent Composition, and Molecular
2 Formula from Molecular Mass
What’s New
Activity 3:
Directions: Problem Solving Analysis.
Analyze the sample problem below then answer the corresponding guide
questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
8
Guide Questions
1. What are the elements involved in the sample problem?
What is It
9
PRACTICE #2: What is the percent by mass of Na and Cl in NaCl. Write
your solution on a separate sheet of paper. (Note: Use the formula mass
of each element and the compound to solve this problem)
You’re fantastic! You are now ready to know about calculating the
empirical formula and molecular formula based on percent composition.
Step 2. Compute for the number of moles (n) of each element using the molar
mass.
10
1.0 g H
36.3 g O 1 mol of O atoms = 2.27 mol of O atoms
16.0 g O
Step 3: Divide the mole of each by the smallest mole value to get the simplest
mole ratio.
The smallest mole is the mole of O atom which is 2.27 mol. So, we will
be using 2.27 as the divisor.
Use the numbers you will obtain from this as the subscripts to derive
the empirical formula. Therefore, the empirical formula is C2H4O.
Step 4: Get the mass ratio of the Molecular Formula (MF) and the Empirical
Formula (EF).
Step 5: To get the molecular formula, multiply the subscripts of the empirical
formula by the mass ratio of the MF and the EF.
Are you now ready to apply what you’ve learned in this module? Answer
the following activities.
11
What’s More
Activity 4
Directions: From the given set of chemical formula, choose 2 that you want to
answer. You need to follow the steps below to solve the problem. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
QUESTIONS
1. What are the formula masses of your chosen chemical formulas?
Activity 5
Step 2. Compute for the number of moles (n) of each element using the
molar mass.
Given Mass of Atom Mole of Atom Equivalent Mole of Atom
12
Step 3. Divide the mole of each by the smallest mole value to get the
simplest mole ratio. The equivalent value of mole of each atom will be used
as the subscript.
Step 4. Get the mass ratio of the Molecular Formula (MF) and the Empirical
Formula (EF) by dividing the molecular mass of the compound by empirical
formula.
Activity 6
Directions: Fill-in the missing word/s in each sentence. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
13
What I Can Do
Activity 7
Clarity and Comic is easy Comic is easy Comic is hard Comic is hard
Neatness to read and all to read and to read with to read and
elements are so most elements few understand.
clearly written, are clearly illustrations
labeled and written, labeled and labels
illustrated. and illustrated.
Content There are There are There are very There are no
references to references to few references references to
the topic the topic to the assigned the assigned
assigned in assigned in topic in the a topic in the
each frame. most frames. few frames. comic strip.
14
Assessment
15
9. Analysis of a sample of a covalent compound showed that it contained
14.4% hydrogen and 85.6% carbon by mass. What is the empirical
formula for the compound?
A. CH C. CH3
B. CH2 D. C2H3
10. Guanidin, HNC(NH2)2, is a fertilizer. To three significant figures, what
is the percent by mass of nitrogen in the fertilizer?
A. 45.2% C. 54.8%
B. 49.4% D. 71.1%
Additional Activities
Activity 8
Activity 9
You are now ready to move on to the next module about writing and
balancing chemical equations.
16
References:
A. Books
Espinosa, Allen A. and Fernandez, Katherine N. 2016. General
Chemistry 1. Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Learning Systems INC.
Patalinghug, Wyona C. Ph.D., et. al. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior
High School GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1. C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman,
Quezon City:
Commission on Higher Education
Brown, Theodore L., et. Al. 2018. Chemistry the Central Science 14th
Edition in SI Units. Pearson Education Limited, United Kingdom
https://www.slideshare.net/marvinnbustamante1/general-chemistry-
1-unit-1-lesson-14?from_action=save
https://www.google.com/search?q=MASS+NUMBER+VS+MASS+NUM
BER&rlz=1C1CHWA_enPH642PH642&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X
&ved=2ahUKEwjQjs_IpprrAhVWy4sBHfDdC-
EQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=KQEgYoyvtlcymM
&imgdii=SuvtpFSIlAdmwM
24
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Email-Address: alaminos.city@deped.gov.ph
25